Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Macro cellule'
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Perrot, Camille. "Microstructure et Macro-Comportement Acoustique : Approche par reconstruction d'une Cellule Élémentaire Représentative." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123464.
Full textPerrot, Camille. "Microstructure et macro-comportement acoustique : approche par reconstruction d'une cellule élémentaire représentative." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Find full textPerrot, Camille Olny Xavier Guyader Jean-Louis Panneton Raymond. "Microstructure et macro-comportement acoustique approche par reconstruction d'une cellule élémentaire représentative /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=perrot.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Contient de références bibliographiques.
Conforti, Di Lorenzo S. "Développement et caractérisation d'un ASIC de lecture de macro-cellule de photo-détecteurs de grande dimension." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537300.
Full textConforti, Di Lorenzo Selma. "Développement et caractérisation d’un ASIC de lecture de macro-cellule de photo-détecteurs de grande dimension." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112142.
Full textPMm² is a project founded for three years by the French National Agency for Research (ANR) with the complete title: “Innovative electronics for photo-detectors array used in high energy physics and astroparticles”. The project proposes to segment the large surface of photo-detection in macro pixel consisting of an array of 16 PMTs of 12-inches (2*2 m²), connected to an autonomous front-end electronics which works in a triggerless data acquisition mode placed near the array. This is possible thanks to the microelectronics progress that allows to integrate the read out and the signal processing, of all the photomultipliers, in the same circuit (ASIC) named PARISROC (Photomultiplier ARray Integrated in SiGe Read Out Chip). The ASIC must send out only the digital data by network to the surface central data storage. The PARISROC Chip, made in AMS 0. 35 µm technology, integrates 16 independent channels for each PMTs of the array, providing charge and time measurements. The first prototype of PARISROC chip has a total surface of 19 mm². It has been sent for fabrication in June 2008 to AMS foundry (AustriaMicroSystems) through the CMP (Multi Project Center) and received in December 2008. The ASIC measurements have led to the realization of a second prototype. Important measurements were brought in terms of noise, dynamic range, read out frequency (from 10 MHz to 40 MHz), time measurements (TDC improvements) and charge measurements (Slow shaper improvements). Sent for fabrication in November 2009 and received in February 2010, this new prototype PARISROC 2 has been tested and the characterisation has shown a good overall behavior and the verification of the improvements
Baldoli, E. "MAGNESIUM AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN MACRO AND MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150045.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thu Trang. "Influence de l'effet de l'interface acier/béton (top-bar effect) sur la corrosion de structures en béton armé exposées en environnement de chlorures ou de carbonatation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI009.
Full textReinforced concrete is known one of the most popular materials applied in construction. Nevertheless after a period of time it can be corroded. Chloride and carbonation are the main factors causing to corrosion in reinforced concrete structure. The thesis aimed to study the corrosion behavior of reinforcement concrete under carbonation or chloride environment, corresponding to the influence of top-bar effect, the cement type as well as artificial transverse crack or load-induced cracks.In general carbonation induced corrosion is usually researched from the point of view that it generates uniform corrosion. The first objective of the thesis is to confirm the opinion of macro cell or non-uniform corrosion in carbonated induced corrosion. According to the results of experiments in this part, corrosion rate in carbonated concrete reinforcement is likely to consider from the point of view of both uniform and macro cell corrosion, which is highly influenced by the ratio cathode/anode. In addition the application of CEM III using slag as addictive exhibited reduction of non-uniform corrosion effectively.The second part focuses on the influence of top-bar effect on corrosion behavior in the case carbonation induced corrosion and presence of load induced crack. Macro cell corrosion current monitoring was utilized in the experiment following the loss of mass as well as corrosion kinetic was calculated. Corrosions mainly developed at the position of the pre-cracks. Due to the top-bar effect upper bars were more corroded than bottom bars. Current corrosion value of top bars was observed higher than bottom bars. Loss of steel mass calculated from macro cell current measurement corresponds to only to a small part of the total loss of mass determined by gravimetric measurement. Uniform corrosion appears to be the main phenomena.The last part investigates the effect of top-bar effect in fibers concrete samples with or without artificial crack on chloride induced corrosion. The top steel bars are more corroded than the bottom bars and the upper part of the top bar is recorded higher corrosion than the lower part. In presence of artificial crack the top casting effect results that corrosions spread along the surface of the steel bars. Corrosion also spread along the top bar when there is no artificial crack, in a time not so different from the case of artificial crack. It confirms that top surface exposure and top bar effect are highly prejudicial for corrosion. By comparing the behavior with concrete without fibers, it appears that the addition of fibers in reinforced concrete leads to an increase of resistance to corrosion induced cracking.For each part, experimental observations are coupled with numerical simulations to compare as well as demonstrate the experimental results
Moraes, Fernando Gehm. "Synthese topologique de macro-cellules en technologie cmos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17853.
Full textThe main problems of the automatic layout synthesis are the design rules dependence and the transistor sizing. The traditional layout synthesis methods, like standard-cells, are not flexible, since the cells in the libraries are designed and sized for a specific technology. In this way, the designer must change his library at each technology improvement. The automatic layout synthesis methods overcomes these problems (design rules dependence and transistor sizing). Examples of layout styles are gate-matrix and linear-matrix. The technology independence is achieved by symbolic description (layout under an unitary grid), and the transistor sizes are defined by the designer or by a sizing tool. From these two constraints, we develop an automatic layout synthesis tool, using a linear-matrix multi-row layout style. The input description for our tool is a Spice file. This descriptions allows to define a greater number of cells (mainly AOIs gates), resulting a technology mapping with less constraints. The generated macro-cells must be assembled in order to construct a complete circuit. Two additional constraints are then imposed to the generator : variable aspect ratio and placement of the inputs/outputs pins in the macro-cell border. The macro-cells are assembled by an industrial CAD environment. The main contributions of this thesis are the development of a macro-cell generator (with the characteristics of technology independence and easy integration in a macro-cell environment) and the analysis of the parameters playing a role in the area, delay and power consumption.
Gehm, Moraes Fernando. "Synthèse topologique de macro-cellules en technologie CMOS." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20183.
Full textCarrick, Christopher. "Macro-, Micro- and Nanospheres from Cellulose : Their Preparation, Characterization and Utilization." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149807.
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Moulianitakis, Feidias. "A techno-economic comparison between outdoor macro-cellular and indoor offloading solutions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187034.
Full textGraden av mobilpenetration har redan nått över 100% i många länder. Nuförtiden är mobiltelefoner en del av vårt dagliga liv inte bara för röstsamtal eller korta textmeddelanden men också för en lång rad multimediatjänster som de tillhandahåller via sin Internetuppkoppling. På grund av detta har mobilt bredband blivit den huvudsakliga drivkraften för utvecklingen av mobila nätverk och det uppskattas att fram till 2018 kommer den mobila bredbandstrafiken överstiga 15 exabyte. Denna uppskattning är ett hot mot de nuvarande mobila nätverken som måste öka sin kapacitet avsevärt. Utöver det är en annan viktig aspekt det faktum att 80% av efterfrågan på mobilt bredband kommer från inomhusmiljöer vilket ger spridningen av radiosignaler problem med minskad penetrationsförmåga orsakad av byggnaden. Med hänsyn till dessa faktorer finns det många potentiella lösningar som kan åtgärda problemet med den ökande efterfrågan på bredband i inomhusmiljöer. Generellt sett finns två tillvägagångssätt; förbättra de existerande makrocells-baserade nätverken exempelvis genom att förstärka dem med carrier aggregation alternativt att i byggnader installera lösningar baserade på små celler som femtoceller eller WiFi-accesspunkter. Både den akademiska världen och industrin har redan visat intresse för dessa två tillvägagångssätt vilket visar att detta är ett viktigt problem. Ett antal forskningsartiklar och rapporter har producerats vilka beskriver teknologierna och deras förmåga att tillfredställa den ständigt ökande efterfrågan på mobilt bredband. Med det sagt, enligt vår kunskap i dagsläget har dock ingen forskning hittills utförts som jämför dessa två tillvägagångssätt från ett teknoekonomiskt perspektiv. Följaktligen är det bidrag denna uppsats ger en holistisk teknoekonomisk studie av de två metoderna (makroceller med carrier aggregation och lösningar baserade på små celler) för att möta den mycket stora ökningen av efterfrågan på mobilt bredband inomhus. För att uppnå detta mål presenteras ett scenario med installation i inomhusmiljö och de olika lösningarna för inomhus- och utomhusmiljöer appliceras och studeras med hänsyn till radioprestanda (kapacitet) och även total ägandekostnad. Projektets slutgiltiga resultat är en jämförelse mellan de två metoderna och ett förslag på en strategi som kommer hjälpa nätverksoperatörer att planera utvecklingen av sina nätverk, leverantörer att fokusera sin tillverkning och tillsynsmyndigheter att upprätta regler samt övervaka att dessa efterföljs. Simuleringarna har visat att alla de granskade teknikerna klarar av att uppfylla efterfrågan på mobilt bredband i de studerade scenariona men att makroceller med carrier aggregation är den mest kostnadseffektiva lösningen. Men om kraven på garanterad datahastighet, och med det den QoS som tillhandahålls, ökar så kommer MNOs till slut att behöva överge utomhuslösningar och utöka deras infrastruktur inuti byggnader där den mobila datatrafiken i huvudsak genereras.
Dalal, Avani. "Interference Analysis and Mitigation in a Cellular Network with Femtocells." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313756831.
Full textHåkansson, Karl. "Orientation of elongated, macro and nano-sized particles in macroscopic flows." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strömningsfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150493.
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Linke, Marco [Verfasser], and Ulrich S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwarz. "Image analysis and modeling of cellular organization in micropatterned environments / Marco Linke ; Betreuer: Ulrich S. Schwarz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177688522/34.
Full textHerr, Lisa [Verfasser], Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Durante, and Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Drossel. "Modeling of time-dose-LET effects in the cellular response to radiation / Lisa Herr. Betreuer: Marco Durante ; Barbara Drossel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1111910936/34.
Full textGauthier, Michaël. "Conception et commande d'un dispositif magnétique de micromanipulation par poussée - Application à la manipulation de micro-objets biologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007129.
Full textGhariani, Takoua. "Conservation de l'énergie sur des environnements de réseaux d'accès radio hétérogènes : vers des réseaux auto-organisants et verts." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0023/document.
Full textSince the last decades, environmental issues are becoming among the major concerns for most human activities, including the Information and Communication Technologies sector. This will surely influence upcoming networking technologies, architectures and usage practices. New approaches and methodologies are required in order to evaluate and to reduce the Carbon Footprint toward what is commonly denoted as Green Networks. Within the ICT sector, the main efforts are related to energy saving techniques. These efforts started in early stages within wireless technologies, mainly because of energy limitations on mobile devices such as mobile phones and wireless sensors. Additionally, because of health considerations, standardization bodies and government had set stringent policies and limits on electromagnetic radiation levels that can be emitted by radio stations. For these reasons, many academic and industrial research and development activities had led to a number of relatively energy efficient solutions. In this thesis, we consider energy efficiency in the context of Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks. These are composed of multi-standards wireless network solutions, with non uniform topologies and cell sizes and Multi-Modal mobile terminals able to manage simultaneously different connections. The main contributions of our studies include the proposal of new optimization solutions regarding user association and scheduling techniques at both flow and packet levels for multi-homed mobile terminals. An overall context-based solution is also proposed in order to provide end-to-end energy efficient networking solutions
Ghariani, Takoua. "Conservation de l'énergie sur des environnements de réseaux d'accès radio hétérogènes : vers des réseaux auto-organisants et verts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0023.
Full textSince the last decades, environmental issues are becoming among the major concerns for most human activities, including the Information and Communication Technologies sector. This will surely influence upcoming networking technologies, architectures and usage practices. New approaches and methodologies are required in order to evaluate and to reduce the Carbon Footprint toward what is commonly denoted as Green Networks. Within the ICT sector, the main efforts are related to energy saving techniques. These efforts started in early stages within wireless technologies, mainly because of energy limitations on mobile devices such as mobile phones and wireless sensors. Additionally, because of health considerations, standardization bodies and government had set stringent policies and limits on electromagnetic radiation levels that can be emitted by radio stations. For these reasons, many academic and industrial research and development activities had led to a number of relatively energy efficient solutions. In this thesis, we consider energy efficiency in the context of Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks. These are composed of multi-standards wireless network solutions, with non uniform topologies and cell sizes and Multi-Modal mobile terminals able to manage simultaneously different connections. The main contributions of our studies include the proposal of new optimization solutions regarding user association and scheduling techniques at both flow and packet levels for multi-homed mobile terminals. An overall context-based solution is also proposed in order to provide end-to-end energy efficient networking solutions
Plantier, Jérémy. "Méthodes de tests et de diagnostics appliquées aux mémoires non-volatiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4822.
Full textThe nano industry constantly extends the size limits, especially for CMOS devices with embedded non-volatile memories. Each size reduction step always induces new challenges caused by phenomenon which were previously negligible. As a result, more complex models are required to describe, analyze and predict as well as possible the electrical behaviors. The main goal of this thesis is to propose solutions to the industry in term of test, to optimize the performances before and after the whole process steps. Thus, this study proposes two innovative methodologies dedicated to embedded non-volatile EEPROM memories based devices.The first of them consists in to extract the post-cycling generated tunnel oxide traps density (NiT), directly from a macro cell. The experimental results are then used to be compared with an analytical model calculation which perfectly describes the Stress Induced Current phenomena (SILC). This electrical current directly comes from the generated traps inside the cells tunnel oxide. An interpolation is then done between the model and the experimental resulting curves, to extract the tunnel oxide traps density.The second study proposes a method of statistical correlation between the traditional retention test and testing of electrical stress across the tunnel oxide which has shorter execution time. This study is based on cell populations after failing both tests. By comparing the distributions of these populations a correlation law appears between the cells behavioral tendencies. Following this study the replacement of long retention tests by shorter electrical stress tests may be considered
Chou, Zhe-Hua, and 周哲樺. "Macro-Diversity Antenna Combining for MIMO OFDM Cellular Mobile Networks." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70008169423625949766.
Full text國立交通大學
電機學院碩士在職專班電信組
98
In the future orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cellular network, base station will adopt multi-input multi-output (MIMO) techniques to improve throughput and link reliability for mobile stations. When the base station using spatial multiplexing (SM) in the downlink case, the throughput of mobile station can be hugely increased nearby the serving base station. However, the total transmit power is split uniformly across the transmit antennas, the signal to interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) degreases with the increasing number of transmit antennas. Additionally, the capacity will seriously decrease at the cell boundary. Thus, SM will reduce the cell coverage in this kind of MIMO OFDM system, the telecommunications operators need to set up more base stations for covering the service areas. This will raise the base station equipment cost of the operators and increase the handover frequency. In real environment, spatial correlation exists at base station or mobile station due to insufficient antenna separation and the lack of scatter effect. The performance of SM degreases seriously with non-trivial spatial correlation among the transmit antennas, therefore, it becomes a more difficult task to overcome the problem of cell coverage reduced by SM. In this thesis, we introduce two kinds of macro-diversity combining techniques for spatial multiplexing based MIMO OFDM cellular networks to increase cell boundary throughput and improve soft handover performance. The one is space-frequency block code macro-diversity combining spatial multiplexing scheme. The other is cyclic delay macro-diversity combining spatial multiplexing scheme. Applying transmit diversity at adjacent base station sides and using SM of each base station, we can take both advantages of spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity without increasing the number of transmit antennas or base stations. When a mobile station moves near the cell boundary, the adjacent base stations transmit the same data encoded by SFBC or CDD at the same frequency. At the receiver of the mobile station can perform diversity combining to get the macro-diversity gain, thereby improving throughput and the handover performance. Because of lower complexity and compatibility to existing wireless communication systems, we conclude that adopting the CDD macro-diversity combining with SM scheme is a preferable scheme to improve the poor throughput of mobile stations near the cell boundary. These two macro-diversity combining schemes can provide a high throughput improvement of mobile station at the cell area in low spatially-correlated channels. As transmit antenna spatial correlation is equal to 0.1, SFBC macro-diversity combining with SM scheme can improve 2 bit/s/Hz more than the conventional SM scheme. As transmit spatial correlation is equal to 0.9, it can still improve 0.5 bit/s/Hz higher than the conventional SM scheme. As transmit antenna spatial correlation is equal to 0.1, CDD macro-diversity combining with SM scheme can improve 1 bit/s/Hz higher than the conventional SM scheme. As transmit spatial correlation is equal to 0.9, it can also improve 0.5 bit/s/Hz more than the conventional SM scheme. With spatial correlation increased at each transmitters of each base station, they also can provide higher throughput than the conventional SM scheme. The variations of throughputs between CDD macro-diversity combining with SM scheme and SFBC macro-diversity combining with SM scheme are getting small at the cell boundary.
Patnaik, Pragyana. "Fuzzy Assisted Handoff Algorithm for Micro and Macro Cellular System." Thesis, 2010. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2000/1/pragyansfinal_thesis.pdf.
Full textShen, Wei-Ting, and 沈威廷. "A Macro-Micro Mixed Traffic Flow Models based on Cell Transmission Models and Cellular Automaton." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97c668.
Full text國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
105
The macroscopic traffic flow models which account for the flow rate, density or speed of groups of vehicles on the roads, are advantageous to its high efficiency. On the contrary, the microscopic traffic flow models deal with the stimulation terms to spacing or relative speed between individual vehicles and respond to its acceleration or deceleration. The advantage of them lie in describing detailed vehicle behaviors and high accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to be confronted with a trade-off between efficiency and accuracy when conducting mixed traffic flow models simulation. This study takes the prevailing mixed traffic of cars and motorcycles on urban streets as the background. Firstly, based on the mixed traffic cell transmission models (MCTM), proposed by C.W. Hsieh (2010), to simulate platoons of vehicles with traffic flow transference within segment cells to reduce simulation time. Secondly, based on the cellular automaton and microscopic lane changing principles in mixed traffic, proposed by Lan et al.(2009、2010), to simulate platoons of vehicles with parallel driving and lane changing behaviors in close proximity to the intersection. In order to make these two models stated above integrate properly, this study develops a macro-micro traffic flow models with a transmission interface design, which combines advantages over both models and takes characteristics of mixed traffic into consideration. Moreover, real data of mixed traffic on urban streets is collected. To obtain all the vehicle trajectories in the experimental segment and calculate numbers of vehicles in each cell at each time step through analyzing them. The proposed model in different scenarios is assumed and divided into seven kinds of macro-micro proportions. The efficiency index is measured by CPU time and accuracy index is by SMAPE values to validate the proposed model. This study puts emphasis on the simulation effectiveness of interfaces in different positions of the segment and tries to find out the best one. The results demonstrate that the macroscopic traffic flow models is conductive to reduce the simulation time and improve efficiency. The microscopic traffic flow models make for accuracy. Under a balanced of efficiency and accuracy, the best position of the interface measured by simulation effectiveness is thirty to sixty meters apart from the intersection. It is supposed to transfer the model from macroscopic to microscopic before the traffic flow is interrupted.
Tambour, L. "Méthodologie et flot semi-automatique d'aide à la conception et à la validation des macro-cellules ASIC dédiées au traitement du signal." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004103.
Full textCette thèse est consacrée au problème de conception et de validation des macro-cellules ASIC dédiées au traitement du signal. Nous étudions et nous illustrons les possibilités d'une nouvelle méthodologie comme une alternative à la synthèse de haut niveau. Cette méthodologie se base sur l'assemblage de composants élémentaires (IPs) paramétrables et préconçus. Elle part d'une description fonctionnelle de l'application et produit le modèle RTL de l'architecture finale. Le principal problème d'une méthodologie de conception basée sur l'assemblage de composants IPs préconçus et pré-validés est que le modèle RTL de l'architecture finale peut avoir un comportement défectueux. Cela est dû à des retards induits par des contraintes d'implémentation. Nous présentons la formalisation de ce problème et proposons une méthode automatique de correction (dite correction de retard) pour le résoudre. Nous proposons deux algorithmes originaux qui garantissent des solutions optimales en latence et en surface. La faisabilité de l'approche et l'optimalité des solutions proposées sont démontrées mathématiquement. Des outils ont été développés pour transformer cette méthodologie en un flot semi-automatique. Nous illustrons l'efficacité de l'approche par l'expérimentation sur un exemple industriel : une chaîne de modulation numérique.