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Journal articles on the topic 'Machinery cooperatives'
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1
He, Pengfei, Jing Li, and Xin Wang. "Wheat harvest schedule model for agricultural machinery cooperatives considering fragmental farmlands." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 145 (February 2018): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.12.042.
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Mudrak, R. P. "Increasing the competitiveness of agricultural producers and developing of the cooperation." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-187-198.
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One of the reasons for the insufficient level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers is the low level of economic culture. The problem is of a systemic nature, since it is not limited only to the operation of outdated technologies, morally and physically worn out equipment. The same goes for morally outdated management, organizational, marketing approaches, etc. This problem is most acute in the small-scale sector of agricultural producers. There are a large number of small-scale agricultural producers in Ukraine. Their characteristic feature is the use of low-intensity resource-intensive technologies. This makes them less competitive. The management and marketing of small-scale economic units is primitive. Their biggest problem is the excessive costs of material and technical supplies and the loss of part of the income in the sale of finished products. The reason is the unsatisfactory level of economic coordination at these stages of production. The uncontested form of increasing the competitive position of small-scale agricultural producers is the creation of service cooperatives. Their task is to ensure a significant improvement in the organization and management of material and technical supply and the promotion of their products in the market. The proliferation of service cooperatives is restrained by imperfect legislation, a weak material base and a shortage of resources, and a lack of qualified personnel. A positive step towards state stimulation of the development of the rural cooperative movement was the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated June 3, 2020, No. 447. The adopted amendments removed restrictions on the areas of activity of agricultural service cooperatives that can benefit from financial support and the mandatory number of members in it. The list of domestic machinery and equipment has also been expanded by eliminating the condition for their compliance with the list of domestic machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex, the cost of which is partially compensated by the state budget.
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Tongchure, Siros. "Cassava Smallholders’ Participation in Contract Farming in Nakhon Ratchasrima Province, Thailand." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 4, no. 7 (July 30, 2013): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v4i7.769.
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The most important raw materials for bio-ethanol in Thailand are cassava, sugar cane and molasses. However, cassava has been promoted as a feed stock for ethanol due to the minimal inputs for planting, high productivity and all-year planting and harvesting. The most important factor influencing ethanol using cassava production is the price of cassava feedstock. Contract farming could decrease production costs, increase efficiency in markets, provide lower interest rates, decrease risk management and create symmetric information for cassava smallholders. The scope of this study includes cassava cultivation and factors influencing contract participation using logit analysis. Results from a survey consisting of 130 non-contractors and 127 contractors showed there was a verbal communication between farmers and agricultural cooperatives and written contractual agreement between agricultural cooperatives and processors. In addition, contract participation is significantly influenced by gender of household head, education of household members, number of agricultural groups, input costs, machinery costs, incomes and credit access.
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Wright, I. A., and N. I. Malmakov. "Sheep productivity in private flocks in Kazakstan." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007171.
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During the Soviet era, state or collective farms on the rangelands of Kazakstan moved livestock between winter, spring, summer and autumn pastures in different ecological zones. By the end of the Soviet era, livestock production was still based partly on the traditional migratory system, but had become heavily dependent on supplementary winter feed over the harsh winters. When the majority of former state and collective farms became cooperatives in the mid 1990s, they retained the same management structure, but individuals became members of the cooperatives or had the right to a share of the assets (e.g. livestock, machinery, access to land) and become private farmers. Many individuals, who remained cooperative members and are not private farmers, still keep private livestock. There are, in addition, an increasing number of private farmers. Most flock owners cannot now afford to follow a four-season migratory system of sheep management nor to obtain sufficient winter feed of good quality. Small-scale flock owners with less than about one hundred sheep lack the resources (e.g. family labour, transport) to move animals the long distance between the different pastures. There has been a large decrease in sheep numbers and there is now excess pasture in all ecological zones, as many sheep now spend the whole year within 10 km of the home village or private farm. However they need to be supplied with winter fodder since the vegetation ceases to grow in autumn and is often covered in snow from December to March. The aim of the present study was to determine current management practices and their effects on sheep productivity.
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Gross, Radosław. "Simple forms of agricultural cooperation as covert methods of collectivisation." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 307, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134787.
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Along with the change in the agricultural policy in 1948 that was inspired by the Kremlin and imposed during the 2nd Cominform in Bucharest, the collectivisation of the rural area became a doctrinal issue in the agricultural policy of Communist states. Apart from the direct methods of collectivisation that concerned strong administrative and economic pressures towards the peasants, the authorities also undertook actions that were to introduce the production cooperatives in a more clouded manner. These included, among others, establishing self–help villages, joint agreements between the villagers and State Machinery Centres (Pol. Państwowe Ośrodki Maszynowe, POM) for machinery services for their fields, developing simple forms of agricultural cooperation in the arbitrarily created units for cultivation, grassland, farming, etc. These activities, aided by a system of con-cessions and preferences, brought certain results, especially towards the end of the discussed period. They prove the wide array of measures and methods used by the Communist authorities in their attempts at collectivisation.
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Koutsou, Stavriani, and Panagiota Sergaki. "Producers’ cooperative products in short food supply chains: consumers’ response." British Food Journal 122, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2018-0297.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate an innovation concerning a short food supply chain (SFSC) created by a newly established producers’ cooperative in Greece that sells fresh milk to consumers via automatic vending machines; the consumers’ response toward this innovation; and the financial performance of the cooperative. Design/methodology/approach The case study focused on consumer’s attitudes toward the cooperative’s fresh milk sold by automatic vending machines and the cooperative’s financial performance. A structured questionnaire was answered by 912 consumers in Thessaloniki during 2015 and analyzed using the IBM SPSS STATISTICS program, version 22. Additionally, the cooperative’s financial data (2012–2015) were used in order to calculate its financial performance. Findings The authors identified five unique consumer categories according to consumer motive, of which social motives are considered in the sample as the most important. The cooperative’s financial indicators are satisfying, especially taking into consideration the severe economic crisis in Greece over the past years. Research limitations/implications It is difficult to evaluate Thesgala as there exists no similar producer cooperative in SFSCs in Greece. The cooperative is recently established and therefore financial indicators represent a short time period. Practical implications Producers, especially small ones in remote or peri-urban areas, can be involved in a SFCS and reach consumers via their cooperatives (or by founding a cooperative). Producer’s cooperatives can include SFSCs in their strategic planning in order to stimulate changes in the food system for the benefit of both producers and consumers. Social implications Policy makers should orient the appropriate policy measures to support SFSCs for the benefit of society as a whole. Originality/value The research investigates an SFSC that was created as a producer’s initiative (not a consumer’s) via their cooperative. It advances knowledge of how to initiate changes in the food system.
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Yefimtseva, L. "STATE SUPPORT OF AGRO-TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATIVES FOR THE JOINT USE OF MACHINERY IN UKRAINE AS ONE OF THE MEANS TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR SMALL FARMERS." Ekonomika ta derzhava, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6806.2021.2.123.
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Martell, Jessica. "Food Sovereignty, the Irish Homestead, and the First World War." Modernist Cultures 13, no. 3 (August 2018): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2018.0219.
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At the outbreak of the First World War, George Russell (Æ) published a series of editorials in the Irish Homestead calling for Ireland to secure food reserves against the demands he predicted Britain would make upon Irish agricultural sectors to fuel the war effort. Irish agriculture, Russell writes, is part of a peculiar market shaped by empire: ‘Ireland is a food producing nation’; and yet ‘a machinery of export […] automatically deducts’ Irish cattle, pork, butter, milk, poultry, and eggs, ‘week by week’, while ‘week by week’ bacon, meat, flour, and other goods are imported. The machinery of war, it is implied, could easily disrupt these trade channels and trigger a scarcity crisis. Such an event would not be caused by an actual food shortage but by the unpredictable pressures of wartime markets, in which what Russell calls ‘famine prices’ would deplete food reserves. By analyzing Russell's strategic deployment of the language of colonial economics, this article argues that Russell recirculates the cultural memory of Ireland's Great Famine within Revivalist discourse in order to protest the conscription of Ireland's food reserves, rallying support for co-operatives as a matter of national defense. Co-operation dispels perceptions of Ireland as a quaint backwater of sleepy farms and reveals a competing vision of rural modernity that contrasts sharply with the terrifying military technologies and sense of a traumatic break with the past that typically anchor understandings of modernity in the era. For Russell, securing food sovereignty through self-sufficient, decentralized cooperatives could secure political sovereignty for the modern Irish nation, providing a blueprint for a new social order as geopolitical categories were re-constellated by global conflict.
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Wu, Caicong, Zhibo Chen, Dongxu Wang, Bingbing Song, Yajie Liang, Lili Yang, and Dionysis D. Bochtis. "A Cloud-Based In-Field Fleet Coordination System for Multiple Operations." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040775.
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In large-scale arable farming, multiple sequential operations involving multiple machines must be carried out simultaneously due to restrictions of short time windows. However, the coordination and planning of multiple sequential operations is a nontrivial task for farmers, since each operation may have its own set of operational features, e.g., operating width and turning radius. Taking the two sequential operations—hoeing cultivation and seeding—as an example, the seeder has double the width of the hoeing cultivator, and the seeder must remain idle while waiting for the hoeing cultivator to finish two rows before it can commence its seeding operation. A flow-shop working mode can coordinate multiple machines in multiple operations within a field when different operations have different implement widths. To this end, an auto-steering-based collaborative operating system for fleet management (FMCOS) was developed to realize an in-field flow-shop working mode, which is often adopted by the scaled agricultural machinery cooperatives. This paper proposes the structure and composition of the FMCOS, the method of operating strip segmenting, and a new algorithm for strip state updating between successive field operations under an optimal strategy for waiting time conditioning between sequential operations. A simulation model was developed to verify the state-updating algorithm. Then, the prototype system of FMCOS was combined with auto-steering systems on tractors, and the collaborative operating system for the server was integrated. Three field experiments of one operation, two operations, and three operations were carried out to verify the functionality and performance of FMCOS. The results of the experiment showed that the FMCOS could coordinate in-field fleet operations while improving both the job quality and the efficiency of fleet management by adopting the flow-shop working mode.
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Gorbanyuk, V. O. "Market-oriented model of organization of agricultural services, non-profit cooperatives for the use of dairy resources." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (May 11, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9222.
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The strategic goal of economic and social policy in the countryside should be to ensure an integrated multifunctional development of communities, which would increase their role not only in the development of agricultural production, but also in other types of labor activities, and also, which is very important, to ensure a favorable environment for their living. Thus, the strategic foundation of this solution is the development of the productive forces of each rural community. Therefore, the orientation of the rural communities, especially the united ones, to its own resources and opportunities is the strategic basis for the revival of the Ukrainian peasantry, and given the amount of unemployed population living in rural areas today, it has a rational content. In this context, state aid could take part in the development of a Comprehensive rural development program and the revival of the peasantry, with regard to possibilities of each community, based on the new economic policy, the basis and strategic base of which should be mass co-operative movement. Due to the association of small rural producers, their contribution to the production of gross agricultural products will be significantly appreciable, so effective assistance to power structures of all levels, especially legal ones, could actually, in a short period of time, affect the increase in the profitability of their management, the creation of acceptable social conditions, improving their social protection, adapting and raising awareness of the latest technological solutions to increase their own production of cheap and quality products, as well as what is extremely important today is the improvement of the well-being of the peasants. A comprehensive, consolidated combination of the concrete efforts of the state and the resources that the rural population still possesses, in the name of its new territorial communities, under certain conditions, could become a major driving force in ensuring the systematic development and revival of the Ukrainian peasantry, which is one of the most important foundations of its existence. The modern village really needs development, and this development – financial, organizational, systemic and other forms of support. That is, there is a need for a coherent and systemic village development policy, or, as they call it European researchers, rural development policy, in our today's sense, as well as united territorial communities. Against the backdrop of a sharp rise in energy prices, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, feed, services, etc., low purchase prices, the lack of stable and reliable sales channels makes its production extremely ineffective. Solving similar issues in Ukraine is possible only with the state support for the development of agricultural servicing cooperatives as an important factor, increasing the competitiveness of private farms and individuals who are engaged in agricultural production, improving their socio-economic status and expanding their employment. The development of cooperation is a logical stage in the development of a market economy system in agriculture and one of the ways of integrated development of rural united communities. In particular, the success of rural cooperatives in Galicia in the first half of the 20th century showed a high level of adaptability of local economic traditions to European culture of agricultural production and successful agricultural business. This, extremely important for today's conditions, the experience of the survival of the Galician village until 1939, as well as the Ukrainian community abroad, showed that only uniting all the patriotic forces of the Ukrainian community and channeling their efforts to revive a solid, highly organized under the state guardianship and protection of the cooperative movement, will enable in the coming years to ensure sustainable development of rural communities and to solve problems of food security of the state.
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Liu, Yuying, Wanglin Ma, Alan Renwick, and Xinhong Fu. "The role of agricultural cooperatives in serving as a marketing channel: evidence from low-income regions of Sichuan province in China." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0058.
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Although cooperative organizations aim to enhance agricultural production and marketing, in some countries such as China, not all members sell their products through agricultural cooperatives. This study examines the determinants of using agricultural cooperatives as a marketing channel and its effects on farm income and household income, using survey data collected from cooperative members in low-income regions of Sichuan province in China. We employ both propensity score matching model and inverse probability weighting estimator with regression adjustment to address the sample selection bias issue. The empirical results show that risk attitude, farm size, machine ownership, sales ability, and demonstration level of cooperatives are main factors that determine the members’ decision to use agricultural cooperatives as a marketing channel, and the marketing channel users obtain significantly higher farm income and household income than non-users. Our findings highlight the importance and necessity of promoting agricultural cooperatives as a marketing channel among non-users.
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Thomas, Partono, and Muhammad Umar Faruq. "The Role of Multi Purpose Cooperative in Developing Economic Independence or SME�s." JEJAK 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i1.9135.
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Cooperatives are seen as one of the important instrument to improve economic and social conditions of societies, to arouse the spirit of initiative and improving the general knowledge and technical skills of the society. On the present cooperatives members are business people of small medium scale enterprises (SMEs) which need a guidance or development. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of cooperatives in small medium scale enterprises (SMEs) development. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used are observation, documentation and interview.The results of research showed that KSU Padurenan Jaya is a multi-purpose cooperatives that has five business units i.e. save loan, store, embroidery service, marketing, research and development. KSU Padurenan Jaya was instrumental in developing the small medium scale enterprises (SMEs) embroidery and convection consists of (1) aspects of the market, by following the events of the exhibition or expo, online marketing, providing material needs in the cooperative store, and create innovative products according to consumer taste. (2) the aspect of technology, by socialization and demonstration of the use technology of embroidery machines, embroidery design with computer programs, internet information technology for promoting and marketing product, And to optimize the use of the machine by provide services embroidery using advanced machine in cooperation so that can improve the productivity and efficiency of the business. (3) the aspect of the capital, by providing save loan service with simple procedures, mentoring to access other sources of financing.
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Su, Xin, Hui Zhang, and Shubing Guo. "A Model and Complexity Analysis of the Relationship Based on Organizational Justice and Embeddedness Theories." Complexity 2020 (April 25, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6129840.
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In capable person governing agricultural cooperatives, the internal governance is essential for cooperatives to achieve sustainable development. As an important mechanism of cooperative internal governance, relational governance is the focus of the current research in the field of cooperative internal governance. Based on the theory of organizational justice, relational embeddedness theory, and relational governance theory, this paper constructs the relationship between interactive justice, relational embeddedness, and governance performance based on fuzzy cognitive map and discusses the influence mechanism of interactive justice on relational governance performance. Taking 245 members of 18 agricultural cooperatives as samples, this paper makes an empirical test by using the machine learning method. Through the analysis of the data, we find that interactive justice has a significant positive impact on the governance performance. Relational embeddedness also has a significant positive impact on the governance performance. And relational embeddedness plays an intermediary role in the positive impact of interactive justice on governance performance. To some extent, the research results broaden the relationship between interactive justice and relational governance performance and provide useful reference for cooperatives to strengthen internal governance and achieve sustainable growth.
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Georgieva, Maria. "Formation of organizational and production structures in the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in the conditions of European integration." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.02.
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The peculiarities of the formation of new organizational and production structures of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in terms of integration into the European Union are considered. One of the conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of Bulgarian agriculture was the creation of a significant number of farms of various organizational and legal forms. Peculiarities of creation and functioning of private agricultural enterprises against the background of privatization of former labor cooperatives and state farms with observance of a clearly regulated legislative procedure are studied. The peculiarities of creating private agricultural farms in two forms are generalized: private households and large agro-firms. Of course, there were some difficulties with the privatization of agricultural machinery, equipment, technical and farm buildings. Also, difficulties arose with the management of agricultural commodity production due to the long absence of a tradition of private property in agriculture. It is proved that one of the features of the formation of new organizational and production structures was their creation on the basis of decolectivization and privatization. The main task of this process was to create an efficient and competitive environment for the development of the agricultural sector. The basis of agricultural management in Bulgaria in the period 1996-2007 were private agricultural enterprises, which were more efficient in their activities than other organizational and legal forms of management. However, the imperfection of the management system of the agricultural sector did not allow to accelerate the process of productivity of the industry, to attract the latest scientific advances and more efficient use of logistics. In the pre-integration period, no program of management actions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises was developed, which did not contribute to the growth of their financial and economic indicators and the competitiveness of these farms.
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Reddon, Adam R., Constance M. O’Connor, Isaac Y. Ligocki, Jennifer K. Hellmann, Susan E. Marsh-Rollo, Ian M. Hamilton, and Sigal Balshine. "No evidence for larger brains in cooperatively breeding cichlid fishes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 5 (May 2016): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0118.
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The social brain hypothesis posits that frequent social interactions, characteristic of group living species, select for greater socio-cognitive abilities and the requisite neural machinery. An extension of the social brains hypothesis, known as the cooperative breeding brain hypothesis, postulates that cooperatively breeding species, which live in stable social groups and provide allocare, face particularly pronounced cognitive demands because they must recognize, remember, and differentially respond to multiple group members. These socio-cognitive challenges are thought to have selected for increased cognitive capacity, supported by a bigger brain. To test the prediction that cooperative breeders have larger brains, we performed a phylogenetically controlled comparison of the whole brain masses of adult fish from 16 closely related species of cooperatively and independently breeding lamprologine cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika. We collected data on brain mass from males of eight species of lamprologine cichlids and added this to brain mass data from eight more species found in the published literature. Controlling for body size and phylogeny, we found that cooperative breeding species did not have larger brains, and this was true of for both our field-collected data set and the expanded data set including published values. This study adds to a growing body of literature from other taxa that cast doubt on the cooperative breeding brain hypothesis.
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Basterretxea, Imanol, Jon Charterina, and Jon Landeta. "Coopetition and innovation. Lessons from worker cooperatives in the Spanish machine tool industry." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 1223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2018-0015.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how the implementation of the inter-cooperation principle among Spanish machine-tool cooperatives helps them to coopete–collaborate with competitors, in their innovation and internationalization processes and achieve collaborative advantages. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a multi-case approach based on interviews with 15 CEOs and research and development (R&D) managers, representing 14 Spanish machine tool firms and institutions. Eight of these organizations are worker-cooperatives. Findings Worker-cooperatives achieve advantages on innovation and internationalization via inter-cooperation (shared R&D units, joint sales offices, joint after-sale services, knowledge exchange and relocation of key R&D technicians and managers). Several mutual bonds and ties among cooperatives help to overcome the risk of opportunistic behaviour and knowledge leakage associated to coopetition. The obtained results give some clues explaining to what extent and under which conditions coopetitive strategies of cooperatives are transferable to other types of ownership arrangements across sectors. Practical implications Firms seeking cooperation with competitors in their R&D and internationalization processes can learn from the coopetitive arrangements analyzed in the paper. Social implications Findings can be valuable for sectoral associations and public bodies trying to promote coopetition and alliances between competitors as a means to benefit from collaborative advantages. Originality/value Focussing on an “ideal type” of co-operation–cooperative organizations – and having access to primary sources, the paper shows to what extent (and how) strong coopetitive structures and processes foster innovation and internationalization.
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Stoll, Tanja, Nadine-Rebecca Strelau, and Martin Baumann. "Social interactions in traffic: The effect of external factors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621022.
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Social interactions were always part of the driving task, but the introduction of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication opens up new possibilities for cooperative interactive driving. It enables drivers to coordinate their maneuvers cooperatively with other involved traffic users. To ensure drivers’ acceptance of such automated systems it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of human cooperation in traffic. In this experiment, we investigate potential influencing factors on the willingness to behave cooperatively in a lane change situation on a highway. In a video-based study, we manipulated the costs of cooperation, the situation’s criticality for the lane-changing vehicle and the way in which the intention to change the lane was indicated. Cooperative behavior is influenced by lower costs, a higher situation’s criticality and by signaling the intention to lane change. These results offer insights that may be used in the developing process of Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) for cooperatively interacting vehicles
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Nurajijah, Nurajijah, and Dwiza Riana. "Algoritma Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, dan SVM untuk Klasifikasi Persetujuan Pembiayaan Nasabah Koperasi Syariah." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.7.2.2019.77-82.
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The decision on financing approval in sharia cooperatives has a high risk of the inability of customers to pay their credit obligations at maturity or referred to as bad credit. To maintain and minimize risk, an accurate method is needed to determine the financing agreement. The purpose of this study is to classify sharia cooperative loan history data using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, Decision Tree and SVM to predict the credibility of future customers. The results showed the accuracy of Naïve Bayes algorithm 77.29%, Decision Tree 89.02% and the highest Support Vector Machine (SVM) 89.86%.
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Yan, Jinyuan, Hilary Monaco, and Joao B. Xavier. "The Ultimate Guide to Bacterial Swarming: An Experimental Model to Study the Evolution of Cooperative Behavior." Annual Review of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033.
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Cooperation has fascinated biologists since Darwin. How did cooperative behaviors evolve despite the fitness cost to the cooperator? Bacteria have cooperative behaviors that make excellent models to take on this age-old problem from both proximate (molecular) and ultimate (evolutionary) angles. We delve into Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming, a phenomenon where billions of bacteria move cooperatively across distances of centimeters in a matter of a few hours. Experiments with swarming have unveiled a strategy called metabolic prudence that stabilizes cooperation, have showed the importance of spatial structure, and have revealed a regulatory network that integrates environmental stimuli and direct cooperative behavior, similar to a machine learning algorithm. The study of swarming elucidates more than proximate mechanisms: It exposes ultimate mechanisms valid to all scales, from cells in cancerous tumors to animals in large communities.
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Honak, Ihor. "Reformation of the land market in Ukraine: financial and economic, social and political aspects." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.1-2.8.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the theoretical and practical aspects of the current state and prospects of development and regulation of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods are used in the course of the research, namely deductive, abstract and logical – in the study of problems of the agricultural land market in Ukraine, in assessing the current state of its functioning. Findings. The importance of the Ukrainian land as the main national wealth of the Ukrainian people is proved. Aspects of functioning of the land market in Ukraine at the present stage are described. The risks of launching the land market in times of war and imperfect legislation are considered. The expediency of sale of land to legal entities and concentration of one natural person not more than 200 hectares is substantiated; if business needs more than 200 hectares of land, then it is worth creating cooperatives and more citizens or families will be able to make a profit from joint business. A special mechanism for taxation of agricultural land sales is proposed. The expediency of free sale of land in Ukraine till 2025 is proved. It is substantiated that a tax equivalent to at least five thousand euros per hectare will provide significant revenue to the budget, prevent large-scale speculation in the land market, ensure high value of land and make it possible to use it as the expensive collateral for the purchase of agricultural machinery. Originality. It is established that the free sale of agricultural land in Ukraine to legal entities and individuals is ineffective, and it is advisable to sell only to the state and local communities. It is proved that the increase in the value of agricultural land in Ukraine and the reduction of possible speculation on the land market will be positively influenced by the taxation of land sales operations. Practical value. The obtained results of the study, which are expressed in the conclusions and proposals, contribute to solving problems of ensuring the effective functioning of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. Key words: land; land market; land price; agricultural land; taxation.
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Susanty, Aries, Arfan Bakhtiar, Nia Budi Puspitasari, and Della Mustika. "Performance analysis and strategic planning of dairy supply chain in Indonesia." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 67, no. 9 (November 19, 2018): 1435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-10-2017-0250.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure and evaluate the performance of the relationships between farmers, dairy cooperatives and industrial milk processors. Design/methodology/approach Data used in this study were primary data collected through personal interviews and closed questionnaires with 1–5 Likert scale. The sample consisted of the representative of the management of 12 dairy cooperatives located in Central Java Province, representative of the management of 12 dairy cooperatives located in West Java Province and some farmers who are members of those dairy cooperatives. This study uses balanced supply chain management scorecard for measuring the performance of dairy supply chain, importance-performance analysis (IPA) for identifying the indicators that are most in need of improvement, and strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT) analysis for formulating strategic planning. Findings The results of balanced supply chain management scorecard combined with IPA analysis showed that the performance relationship between farmers, dairy cooperatives and industrial milk processors in West Java Province is slightly better than that in Central Java Province. It can be seen from the average value of the score of indicator, the category of each indicator and the category of the performance index of each relationship. The major weakness of the relationship between dairy farmers, cooperatives and industrial milk processors in Central Java Province lies in the different perspective (no perspective is dominant), whereas that in West Java Province is dominated by the perspective of the customer. On the other hand, the major strength of the relationship in Central Java Province is dominated by the perspective of the customer, whereas that in West Java Province is dominated by the perspective of learning and growth. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is related to the number of the dairy cooperatives as the sample and the type of scale used to measure the performance of the relationships between farmers, dairy cooperatives and individual milk processors. So, the future research may replicate this study by surveying all the dairy cooperatives in Central Java and West Java Provinces. It may also enhance the measurement of the performance of the relationships by using a direct measure of each indicator in each perspective, rather than recording the management of dairy cooperative perceptions. Practical implications This research provides essential insights for the management of dairy cooperative in the context of strategic planning development. The research reveals that there is a different strategic planning for improving the performance of the relationship between dairy farmers, cooperatives and industrial milk processors in each province. It depends on the major weakness and strength of the relationships, and also, opportunity and threat faced by the dairy industry. One important thing, the management of dairy cooperative in both provinces should have strategic planning related to the use of machine milking by farmers to improve the milk quality. Social implications The research revealed that strategic planning could be built after analyzing the internal and external conditions carefully. It may encourage more dairy cooperatives to measure and analyze the internal and external conditions at the bottom of strategic planning of their business. Originality/value Although this research only used the balanced supply chain management scorecard and IPA analysis for measuring the performance, and SWOT analysis in formulating the strategic planning for improving the current performance, it will make a difference. First, instead of measuring the performance of dairy cooperatives, this research measured the performance of the relationships between dairy farmers, cooperatives and industrial milk processors. This way, the dairy cooperatives were only sources of data collection. Second, the investigation was quite complicated since the objects of the research were represented by the relationships between farmers, dairy cooperatives and industrial milk processors in Central Java Province and West Java Province.
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Ma, Xin. "Benefits Assignment Mechanism for Construction Machinery Supply Chain Based on Improved Cooperative Game Model." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.971.
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Benefits assignment in the construction machinery supply chain business cooperation is the crucial and the most prominent conflicts issue, it plays a decisive role on sustained and stable development of cooperative relations. In this paper, the cooperative game theory and methods applied to the benefit assignment in the construction machinery supply chain management, and on this basis, the benefits of various cooperative enterprises are assigned by a comprehensive cooperative game model with the Shapley value model including risk of correction factor and the investment weight correction factor according to investment in the construction machinery supply chain, while a numerical example to demonstrate the method of science and rationality.
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de Melo, Celso M., Stacy Marsella, and Jonathan Gratch. "Human Cooperation When Acting Through Autonomous Machines." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 9 (February 11, 2019): 3482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817656116.
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Recent times have seen an emergence of intelligent machines that act autonomously on our behalf, such as autonomous vehicles. Despite promises of increased efficiency, it is not clear whether this paradigm shift will change how we decide when our self-interest (e.g., comfort) is pitted against the collective interest (e.g., environment). Here we show that acting through machines changes the way people solve these social dilemmas and we present experimental evidence showing that participants program their autonomous vehicles to act more cooperatively than if they were driving themselves. We show that this happens because programming causes selfish short-term rewards to become less salient, leading to considerations of broader societal goals. We also show that the programmed behavior is influenced by past experience. Finally, we report evidence that the effect generalizes beyond the domain of autonomous vehicles. We discuss implications for designing autonomous machines that contribute to a more cooperative society.
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Guinnane, Timothy W. "COOPERATIVES AS INFORMATION MACHINES: GERMAN RURAL CREDIT COOPERATIVES, 1883???1914." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 2 (June 2001): 366–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701028042.
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Manca, Fabio, Frederic Pincet, Lev Truskinovsky, James E. Rothman, Lionel Foret, and Matthieu Caruel. "SNARE machinery is optimized for ultrafast fusion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 7 (January 30, 2019): 2435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820394116.
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SNARE proteins zipper to form complexes (SNAREpins) that power vesicle fusion with target membranes in a variety of biological processes. A single SNAREpin takes about 1 s to fuse two bilayers, yet a handful can ensure release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles much faster: in a 10th of a millisecond. We propose that, similar to the case of muscle myosins, the ultrafast fusion results from cooperative action of many SNAREpins. The coupling originates from mechanical interactions induced by confining scaffolds. Each SNAREpin is known to have enough energy to overcome the fusion barrier of 25–35 kBT; however, the fusion barrier only becomes relevant when the SNAREpins are nearly completely zippered, and from this state, each SNAREpin can deliver only a small fraction of this energy as mechanical work. Therefore, they have to act cooperatively, and we show that at least three of them are needed to ensure fusion in less than a millisecond. However, to reach the prefusion state collectively, starting from the experimentally observed half-zippered metastable state, the SNAREpins have to mechanically synchronize, which takes more time as the number of SNAREpins increases. Incorporating this somewhat counterintuitive idea in a simple coarse-grained model results in the prediction that there should be an optimum number of SNAREpins for submillisecond fusion: three to six over a wide range of parameters. Interestingly, in situ cryoelectron microscope tomography has very recently shown that exactly six SNAREpins participate in the fusion of each synaptic vesicle. This number is in the range predicted by our theory.
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Ullah, Sehat, Paul Richard, Samir Otmane, Mickael Naud, and Malik Mallem. "Human Performance in Cooperative Virtual Environments: the Effect of Visual Aids and Oral Communication." International Journal of Virtual Reality 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2009.8.4.2752.
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The Cooperative virtual environments, where users simultaneously manipulate objects, are one of the subfields of Collaborative virtual environments (CVEs). In this paper we simulate the use of two string based parallel robots in cooperative teleoperation task. Two users setting on separate machines connected through local network operate each robot. In this context, we investigate the effects of visual aids and oral communication on cooperation, co-presence and users performance. Ten volunteers had to cooperatively perform a peg-in-hole task. A second group of ten subjects perform the same task in a single user setup. The objective of the two experiments is twofold, firstly to compare the task's complexity of single user setup with that of the cooperative environment. Secondly we examine the influence of visual aids and oral communication on user's performance in the two different setups. Results revealed that shadow has a significant effect on task execution while arrows and oral communication not only increase users' performance but also enhance the sense of co-presence and awareness. We also observed that cooperative manipulation was more difficult as compared to single user manipulation.
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Santoso, Budi. "Developing a Seasonal Cash Demand Simulation for Agricultural Cooperatives (Village Unit Cooperative) in Indonesia." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5434.
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Irrespective of the success of the Indonesian Government to achieve self-sufficiency of rice in 1985, and the rice price stabilization, paddy growers still suffer from a very low price for their produce. Koperasi Unit Desa (KUDs) –in Indonesian, or Village Unit Cooperative (VUC) have been entrusted with the marketing of rice paddies although their performance has always been less than satisfactory. One problem experienced by the KUDs is not having sufficient cash to purchase and process paddies into rice. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a simulation model to represent cash flows during one paddy plantation season for a KUD (VUC). The simulation model is a decision support tool that enables a KUD’s (VUC) management to determine the maximum quantity of paddies to be purchased; the minimum borrowing and additional borrowing; and the earnings before taxes. An investigator- administrated questionnaire was used to collect historical data of the twenty randomly selected KUDs (VUC) on Lombok Island to validate the sub-models of the simulation model. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov Goodness of Fit (two-sample), linear regression, correlation and t- tests were used to validate the simulation model. The validation results have shown that the sub-models of the simulation model are valid, and these may contribute to the valid results of the simulation model. This study has found that the limitations of the paddy storage building, drying floor, and milling machine owned by the KUDs (VUC) may restrict the KUDs (VUC) from buying the entire paddies harvested. Therefore, further research is needed to find out the minimum capacities of those facilities enabling the KUDs (VUC) to work efficiently.Keywords: agricultural cooperatives (Village Unit Cooperative); seasonal demands; cash flows; simulation; validation
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Bing, Li, and You Ning. "Research on the Dynamic Evolution Behavior of Group Loitering Air Vehicles." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 1, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2016.2.00030.
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AbstractIn this paper we focus on integrated Reconnaissance/Strike LAV, in order to reveal the evolution regularity when group LAVs combats cooperatively. The evolution of cooperative behavior of group LAVs, which is described with finite state machine, can be regarded as a conversion process of a LAV in different task states, using the rate equation for probability analysis. Then based on the missions of integration of reconnaissance, attack, and damage effectiveness evaluation, we build the model of finite state machine based on behavior state transition. Solved with Runge-Kutta method. We can analyze how the key technology quota of LAV impact on the operational effectiveness of Group LAVs.the fractional order control approach.
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Ren, Zhong. "Reverse Engineering the Cooperative Machinery of Human Hemoglobin." PLoS ONE 8, no. 11 (November 27, 2013): e77363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077363.
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Dive, G., and D. Dehareng. "Serine peptidase catalytic machinery: Cooperative one-step mechanism." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 73, no. 2 (1999): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-461x(1999)73:2<161::aid-qua10>3.0.co;2-e.
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Smith, Norris L., and Oussama H. Hamid. "Embodied Cognition and Human-Machine Coexistence." UKH Journal of Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v1n1y2017.pp67-71.
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Recently, we discussed the relative importance of direct perception, embodiment, metaphors, and ethics for cooperative human-machine coexistence. The present paper deepens the examination of embodiment and direct perception by considering differences between computational and representational models on one hand and embodied cognition on the other. We found that to achieve true artificial intelligence (AI) and, hence, a cooperative human-machine coexistence, research must overcome the limitations of computational and representational models. This can be reached by connecting machines to the world through bodies that exhibit sensory and motor skills as demonstrated by embodied cognition. Furthermore, substantial improvement in AI could be achieved by adopting a hybrid framework in which embodiedcognition, for example, may contain representational, abstract, and symbolic aspects. The adoption of such a “both and” instead of “either or” view is a more realistic approach for progress in AI applications.
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Reddon, Adam R., Constance M. O'Connor, Erin Nesjan, Jason Cameron, Jennifer K. Hellmann, Isaac Y. Ligocki, Susan E. Marsh-Rollo, et al. "Isotocin neuronal phenotypes differ among social systems in cichlid fishes." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 170350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170350.
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Social living has evolved numerous times across a diverse array of animal taxa. An open question is how the transition to a social lifestyle has shaped, and been shaped by, the underlying neurohormonal machinery of social behaviour. The nonapeptide neurohormones, implicated in the regulation of social behaviours, are prime candidates for the neuroendocrine substrates of social evolution. Here, we examined the brains of eight cichlid fish species with divergent social systems, comparing the number and size of preoptic neurons that express the nonapeptides isotocin and vasotocin. While controlling for the influence of phylogeny and body size, we found that the highly social cooperatively breeding species ( n = 4) had fewer parvocellular isotocin neurons than the less social independently breeding species ( n = 4), suggesting that the evolutionary transition to group living and cooperative breeding was associated with a reduction in the number of these neurons. In a complementary analysis, we found that the size and number of isotocin neurons significantly differentiated the cooperatively breeding from the independently breeding species. Our results suggest that isotocin is related to sociality in cichlids and may provide a mechanistic substrate for the evolution of sociality.
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Ferreira da Silva, Luciana, Denise Renata Pedrinho, and Márcia Alves Rocha. "Agricultura Familiar e Sustentabilidade Rural: um Estudo a Partir da Caracterização de Propriedades Rurais." UNICIÊNCIAS 24, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2020v24n1p39-44.
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O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a experiência da agricultura familiar com enfoque na gestão e sustentabilidade das propriedades rurais do assentamento Lagoa Grande – Dourados/MS. A pesquisa é de caráter exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. É notório que a agricultura familiar tem significativa importância na produção de alimentos, principalmente, para a mesa do brasileiro e, também, do sul-mato-grossense, ainda assim, se permeiam desafios sobre a sustentabilidade, eficiência na utilização dos recursos naturais, produção e gestão do pequeno negócio. Para isto, são ressaltadas as parcerias na produção com o uso de máquinas e/ou equipamentos, recursos financeiros, ou cursos que possibilitem maior conhecimento e capacitação sobre a gestão e condução do negócio. Para as propriedades rurais do assentamento se constatou o acesso insuficiente às tecnologias de produção, baixo conhecimento e pouca participação no que se refere às associações e cooperativas, estes fatores contribuem para o distanciamento da melhoria produtiva e de renda para tal grupo. Ainda que a sustentabilidade está relacionada à complementação da renda dos produtores, a partir de outras fontes de renda não agrícolas essenciais para garantia da subsistência familiar. Para contornar tais adversidades é necessário desenvolvimento de ações, por meio de políticas públicas, parcerias e cooperações que possibilitem a educação e expansão rural familiar.
Palavras-chave: Associativismo. Gestão da Propriedade. Cooperativa.
Abstract
The objective of this article was to analyze the family farming experience focused on the management and sustainability of rural properties of Lagoa Grande – Dourados – MS. The research is exploratory and descriptive with a qualitative and quantitative approach.
It is well known that family farming has significant importance in the food production mainly for the Brazilian table and also for the people from Mato Grosso do Sul, even though challenges remain regarding sustainability, efficiency in the use of natural resources, production and management of the small business. To this end, partnerships in production with the use of machines and / or equipment, financial resources, or courses that enable greater knowledge and training on the business management and conduct are highlighted. For the rural properties of the settlement, insufficient access to production technologies, low knowledge and little participation in associations and cooperatives were found to contribute to the distancing of production improvements and better income for such group. Still, that sustainability is related to the producers' income complementation, from other non-agricultural sources of income essential to guarantee family subsistence. To circumvent such adversities, it is necessary to develop actions through public policies, partnerships and cooperation that enable education and family farmers expansion.
Keywords: Associativism. Property Management. Cooperative.
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Lien, Shao-Yu, Tzu-Huan Liau, Ching-Yueh Kao, and Kwang-Cheng Chen. "Cooperative Access Class Barring for Machine-to-Machine Communications." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 11, no. 1 (January 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2011.111611.110350.
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Yang, Fan, Zhiwen Yu, Liming Chen, Jiaxi Gu, Qingyang Li, and Bin Guo. "Human-Machine Cooperative Video Anomaly Detection." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW3 (January 5, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434183.
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Baur, Tobias, Alexander Heimerl, Florian Lingenfelser, Johannes Wagner, Michel F. Valstar, Björn Schuller, and Elisabeth André. "eXplainable Cooperative Machine Learning with NOVA." KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 34, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13218-020-00632-3.
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Abstract In the following article, we introduce a novel workflow, which we subsume under the term “explainable cooperative machine learning” and show its practical application in a data annotation and model training tool called NOVA. The main idea of our approach is to interactively incorporate the ‘human in the loop’ when training classification models from annotated data. In particular, NOVA offers a collaborative annotation backend where multiple annotators join their workforce. A main aspect is the possibility of applying semi-supervised active learning techniques already during the annotation process by giving the possibility to pre-label data automatically, resulting in a drastic acceleration of the annotation process. Furthermore, the user-interface implements recent eXplainable AI techniques to provide users with both, a confidence value of the automatically predicted annotations, as well as visual explanation. We show in an use-case evaluation that our workflow is able to speed up the annotation process, and further argue that by providing additional visual explanations annotators get to understand the decision making process as well as the trustworthiness of their trained machine learning models.
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Ohzawa, Atsushi, Yoshifumi Morita, Yosuke Suzuki, and Susumu Hara. "Assist Control Method Based on Operating Property for Task from Automated Transfer to Manual Positioning of Flexible Parts." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 6 (November 5, 2009): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0700.
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Industrial production lines combine both autonomous machinery such as industrial robots and operator-machine cooperative power-assist systems. There are a lot of flexible and large parts among assembly parts, because of the weight saving. In efficient switching among machine- and operator-oriented operation, vibration suppression is an important issue. This paper presents operator-based assist control for task from automated transfer to manual positioning of flexible parts. This involves a mode-switching compensator whose control input is continuous and an input-shaping compensator that suppresses flexible-parts vibration. The input-shaping compensator using a notch filter eliminates the vibration frequency component from the operating force signal. Filter gain is adjusted online based on operating properties. The effectiveness of our proposal is verified from (i) maneuverability based on time-response evaluation and task-achievement time, and (ii) operational feel subjectively evaluated based on questionnaires.
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Wang, Run Ying, and Lin Xu. "Multi-Agent Dam Management Model Based on Improved Reinforcement Learning Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.922.
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In order to achieve efficient management of the dam, the new algorithms such as reinforcement learning, Synergetic, Structural Risk Minimization and Particle Swarm Optimization are used to establish a Cooperative Wavelet Least Squares Support Vector Machine Model. To improve the convergence rate and make full use of knowledge and advice of mechanics and hydraulics of the dam, WLS-SVRM and WLS-SVCM models are used cooperatively. Before the training online, mapping provides training samples for WLS-SVCM. During the course of training online, the numerical simulation and WLS-SVCM will provide knowledge and advices for WLS-SVRM. Case study shows that the model can provide timely information of gate opening and management information of the dam so as to provide decision support for engineering management.
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Ellwood, Katharine, Weibiao Huang, Reid Johnson, and Michael Carey. "Multiple Layers of Cooperativity Regulate Enhanceosome-Responsive RNA Polymerase II Transcription Complex Assembly." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 2613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.4.2613.
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ABSTRACT Two coordinate forms of transcriptional synergy mediate eukaryotic gene regulation: the greater-than-additive transcriptional response to multiple promoter-bound activators, and the sigmoidal response to increasing activator concentration. The mechanism underlying the sigmoidal response has not been elucidated but is almost certainly founded on the cooperative binding of activators and the general machinery to DNA. Here we explore that mechanism by using highly purified transcription factor preparations and a strong Epstein-Barr virus promoter, BHLF-1, regulated by the virally encoded activator ZEBRA. We demonstrate that two layers of cooperative binding govern transcription complex assembly. First, the architectural proteins HMG-1 and -2 mediate cooperative formation of an enhanceosome containing ZEBRA and cellular Sp1. This enhanceosome then recruits transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) and TFIID to the promoter to form the DA complex. The DA complex, however, stimulates assembly of the enhanceosome itself such that the entire reaction can occur in a highly concerted manner. The data reveal the importance of reciprocal cooperative interactions among activators and the general machinery in eukaryotic gene regulation.
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Kim, Hwanju, Heeseung Jo, and Joonwon Lee. "XHive: Efficient Cooperative Caching for Virtual Machines." IEEE Transactions on Computers 60, no. 1 (January 2011): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2010.83.
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Fogel, David B. "On the Relationship between the Duration of an Encounter and the Evolution of Cooperation in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma." Evolutionary Computation 3, no. 3 (September 1995): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco.1995.3.3.349.
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Evolutionary programming experiments are conducted to examine the relationship between the durations of encounters and the evolution of cooperative behavior in the iterated prisoner's dilemma. A population of behavioral strategies represented by finite-state machines is evolved over successive generations, with selection made on the basis of individual fitness. Each finite-state machine is given an additional evolvable parameter corresponding to the maximum number of moves it will execute in any encounter. A series of Monte Carlo trials indicates distinct relationships between encounter length and cooperation; however, no causal relationship can be positively identified.
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Han, Shujun, Xiaodong Xu, Litong Zhao, and Xiaofeng Tao. "Joint time and power allocation for uplink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access based massive machine-type communication Network." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 5 (May 2018): 155014771877821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718778215.
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Non-orthogonal multiple access is an essential promising solution to support large-scale connectivity required by massive machine-type communication scenario defined in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system. In this article, we study the problem of energy minimization in non-orthogonal multiple access–based massive machine-type communication network. Focusing on the massive machine-type communication scenario and assisted by grouping method, we propose an uplink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access scheme with two phases, transmission phase and cooperation phase, for one uplink cooperative transmission period. Based on uplink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access, the machine-type communication device with better channel condition and more residual energy will be selected as a group head, which acts as a relay assisting other machine-type communication devices to communicate. In the transmission phase, machine-type communication devices transmit data to the group head. Then, the group head transmits the received data with its own data to base station in the cooperation phase. Because the massive machine-type communication devices are low-cost dominant with limited battery, based on uplink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access, we propose a joint time and power allocation algorithm to minimize the system energy consumption. Furthermore, the proposed joint time and power allocation algorithm includes dynamic group head selection and fractional transmit time allocation algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed solution for uplink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access–based massive machine-type communication network outperforms other schemes.
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Batke, Christoph, Karl Heinz Wurst, Armin Lechler, and Alexander Verl. "The Printed Machine Tool for Micro Machining." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.433.
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Machine tools for micro machining are so far not adapted to work piece sizes and process forces. They feature hardly any modularity and do not allow reconfiguration in a significant process change. One possibility to adapt the machines is to produce them from plastic or composite materials through generative methods. This “printed” machine is a reconfigurable, monolithic module, in which drives are integrated. By a cooperative motion generation, larger workspaces can be realized while the installation spaces decreases. This gives the possibility to use alternative drive technologies for example piezo-drives. Based on these methods, two small generatively produced machine tools are designed. These machine tools use two different drive principles. The first machine tool is equipped with ball screw drives which are cost efficient and space saving. The second machine tool uses piezo-actuators, which are very dynamic in motion generation. Further has to be examined, which tolerances and rigidities are needed at critical points and which parts can be produced generatively and which in a conventional way.
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TOHYAMA, Yoshitaka, and Hiroshi IGARASHI. "INT-12 COOPERATIVE TRANSPORTATION Task by Multi-ROBOTS WITH LEADER SELECTION(Intelligent Machines IV,Technical Program of Oral Presentations)." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2009 (2009): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2009.57.
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Jiménez Moreno, Robinson, Oscar Aviles, and Ruben Darío Hernández Beleño. "Humanoid Robot Cooperative System by Machine Vision." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 12 (December 11, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i12.7594.
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This article presents a supervised control position system, based on image processing and oriented to the cooperative work between two humanoid robots that work autonomously. The first robot picks up an object, carry it to the second robot and after that the same second robot places it in an endpoint, this is achieved through doing movements in straight line trajectories and turns of 180 degrees. Using for this the Microsoft Kinect , finding for each robot and the reference object its exact spatial position, through the color space conversion and filtering, derived from the information of the RGB camera that counts and obtains this result using the information transmitted from the depth sensor, obtaining the final location of each. Through programming in C #, and the developed algorithms that allow to command each robot in order to work together for transport the reference object, from an initial point, delivering this object from one robot to the other and depositing it in an endpoint. This experiment was tested performed the same trajectory, under uniform light conditions, achieving each time the successful delivering of the object
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Lüdtke, A., D. Javaux, F. Tango, R. Heers, K. Bengler, and C. Ronfle-Nadaud. "Designing dynamic distributed cooperative Human-Machine Systems." Work 41 (2012): 4250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0719-4250.
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Arbib, Michael A. "From cooperative computation to man/machine symbiosis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 1993): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00032659.
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Bengler, Klaus, Markus Zimmermann, Dino Bortot, Martin Kienle, and Daniel Damböck. "Interaction Principles for Cooperative Human-Machine Systems." it - Information Technology 54, no. 4 (August 2012): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/itit.2012.0680.
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IMAMURA, Satoshi. "Machine Assembly/Disassembly Planning by Cooperative Agents." JSME International Journal Series C 41, no. 4 (1998): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.41.947.
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IMAMURA, Satoshi. "Machine Assembly/Disassembly Planning by Cooperative Agents." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 63, no. 612 (1997): 2951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.63.2951.
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