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1
Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Valerii Adamchuk, Volodymyr Nadykto, Volodymyr Kyurchev, and Ladislav Nozdrovický. "Theoretical Consideration of The Controllability Indicator of Machine-Tractor Unit Movement." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2017-0003.
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Abstract The paper is focused on the issues of controllability of machine-tractor units based on wheel-type tractors during their non-straight driving on the soil surface, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon. There were obtained analytical expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of control λd, including both the power and the design parameters of the machine-tractor unit, which affect the abovementioned indicator in the longitudinal vertical plane. These expressions are obtained for the tractor driving on both road and also driving during field operation. In addition, the paper discusses the conditions under which there may occur the cross-slip of the tractor steering wheels in the transversal horizontal plane. As a result of this review, there were obtained the analytical expressions for determining the required indicator of the controllability λd of machine-tractor unit in the horizontal plane, excluding the possibility of lateral sliding of the unit by turning its steering wheels at a certain angle. These expressions are obtained for the two modes of the machine-tractor unit: for driving during transport on the road and during the operation in the field. The machine-tractor unit based on the wheel-type tractor with rear mounted 3-mouldboard plough was analytically investigated. By means of computer calculations, there was observed the fact that when moving in non-straight direction on the soil surface, inclined to the horizon at an angle of 12°, the machine-tractor unit is controllable only when the angles of the steering wheel of the given tractor do not exceed 9°. During the working movement (ploughing) of the given machine-tractor unit on an inclined field surface, its controllability will be preserved on condition that the angle of the tractor steering wheels does not exceed 11°. According to obtained results, it can be stated that the controllability of the machine-tractor unit is determined by the indicator of controllability, taking into account the value of the vertical load acting on the tractor steering wheels, the possibility of their turning in the horizontal plane, as well as the withdrawal of the machine-tractor unit from rectilinear motion and its movement on the field surface, inclined at an angle to the horizon.
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Semichev, Stepan V. "The Results of Field Test of the Mounted Attachment CHD-3." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-81-86.
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One of the ways of achieving landing accuracy is the control of the unit movement using navigator installed on the tractor, including autopilot systems that can correct the trajectory of the tractor. However, the straightness of tillage may be low. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the track stability of agricultural tools when cultivating row crops. (Materials and methods) The article proposes the use of a controlled attachment as part of a machine-tractor unit with navigation equipment installed on both a tractor and an agricultural tool, the use of which will significantly improve the accuracy of technological operations. The article presents the scheme, technical characteristics, and operating principle of the controlled attachment device. The article describes the method of conducting a field test of a machine-tractor unit with an installed controlled attachment. (Results and discussion) It was found that when cultivating without navigation equipment, the deviation from the axis was 62 mm; when cultivating with a machine-tractor unit with navigation equipment on a tractor it reaches 22 mm; when cultivating with a machine-tractor unit with a controlled CHD-3 attachment and navigation equipment on a tractor and cultivator it reaches 20 mm. The untreated area of the field by a machine-tractor unit with CHD-3 and navigation equipment on a tractor and cultivator was 0.27 square meters in relation to 0.45 square meters when processing the unit as part of a tractor with navigation equipment and a cultivator. (Conclusions) The use of tool control devices for cultivating rows of potatoes is impractical, since the straight movement of the planting machine along a given line is not guaranteed when planting potatoes. It was found that increased accuracy and further productivity will be achieved when using a controlled attachment on all operations of potato cultivation up to harvesting. The use of a controlled attachment device is advisable when cultivating crops that require high precision planting, for example, sugar beets.
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Inshakov, A. P., O. F. Kornaukhov, and A. F. Filin. "A method of construction of measuring and computing system for machine-tractor units testing." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 10 (October 15, 2012): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65971.
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The use of universal means of measurement of machine-tractor unit operation parameters in modern world technical inspection systems is analyzed. A scheme of a complex for the remote control of machine-tractor unit operation parameters is presented.
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Lysych, Mikhail. "RESEARCH OF DYNAMIC STABILITY OF THE MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT ON THE VIRTUAL STAND." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-85-91.
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The questions of studying the dynamic stability of machine-tractor unit by the methods of multi-body dynamics (MBD) are considered. The study used a virtual stand created in CAD SolidWorks and CAE application SolidWorks Motion. It simulated the movement of the machine-tractor unit on the basis of the MTZ-82.1 tractor equipped with mounted modular implements. The motion surface has four different types of obstacles located in series in separate sections. To analyze the stages of the machine-tractor unit movement, we used the parameter of the lift height of the geometric center of each of the wheels above the supporting surface and the fact of the unit rollover. He showed that overcoming a single linear, single sequential and group linear obstacles at a speed of 3.22 m/s occurs without loss of stability. Only when overcoming a group sequential obstacle, significant fluctuations in the tractor frame are observed, however, due to the balancing suspension of the front wheels, they do not always lead to the rollover of the unit. In the future, using the developed virtual stand, it is possible to conduct studies of the dynamic stability of various configurations of the machine-tractor unit. In addition to the MTZ 82.1 tractor, models of other tractors can be used. It is also possible to change the geometry of obstacles, the angles of inclination of the supporting surface, speed mode, contact parameters, etc.
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Kambulov, S. I., V. B. Rykov, I. V. Bozhko, and V. V. Kolesnik. "Running gear of machine-tractor units and their influence on the quality of performed operations." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 11 (November 15, 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66330.
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The machine-tractor unit is a key element in an implementation of technological operations in the cropping. Running gears with wheeled and caterpillar propulsion device are used in the modern tractors. During an interaction of the ground with tractor propulsion devices, the ground is pulverized on one side and it is compacted on the other side during the slipping. Besides, the wheeled movers have the slipping several times higher than caterpillar movers. The aim of the research is an analysis of running gears of machine-tractor units and their influence on the quality of performed technological operations. The paper discusses an analysis of parameters of wheeled and replaceable caterpillar movers to the tractor K-701, which have the same dimensions. One of the main external influences on the unit is the surface profile of the field. The main source of tractor oscillations are the unevennesses of the way. At the same time, characteristic areas for the operation of machine-tractor units are very various, the most characteristic of them are a stubble field, a plowed field, a prepared field, a field road and others. The analysis of spectral densities of the surface profile of the field on which the tractor operates shows that with increasing speed, the spectral density decreases rapidly, and the maximum of the spectral density shifts toward higher values of the frequencies. It has been established that the frequency range, which has the greatest effect on the machine-tractor unit on the basis of the tractor K-701 on the replacement caterpillar mover 1...4 sec-1, on the wheel mover - 1...7 sec-1. The replaceable caterpillar mover for a 5 сlass tractor has significant advantages over a wheeled mover, since it filters (smoothes) 2,1...2,8 times more irregularities, which improves working conditions, smooth of running and other indicators of the machine-tractor unit.
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Parhomenko, S. G., and G. G. Parhomenko. "Mathematical modeling of functioning of a tillage machine-tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66405.
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The soil-cultivating machine-tractor unit undergoes continuously changing external influences that lead to fluctuations in the speed of movement, slippage of the tractor's driving wheels, loading of the transmission, and increased fuel consumption. The main sources of disturbances that cause the oscillations of the tractor are the unevenness of the traction resistance of the tillers and the unevenness of the field microprofile. The purpose of the research is to improve the process of functioning of the soil-processing machine-tractor unit by modeling of the influence of external action. The mathematical model of the process of operation of a wheeled tractor in the traction mode of operation is a machine-tractor unit in the form of a dynamic system with two input forces, determined by the load on the working elements and the roughness of the relief. The mathematical model includes the equations of the motor and the regulator, the clutch, the power transmission, the driving wheel and the longitudinal-vertical oscillations of the tractor. The solution of the mathematical model of the machine-tractor unit is based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method at a constant step. Calculations are made for the motion of the unit with periodic sinusoidal disturbances applied to the input of the model. As a result of calculations, it is determined that the effect of the microfield of the field and the traction resistance of the working bodies on the performance of the machine-tractor unit is different. The greatest amplitudes of vertical accelerations are achieved due to the effect of field unevenness. Fluctuations in the speed of movement, hectare fuel consumption, engine torque are caused by the periodic component of traction resistance of low frequency, and slippage and driving torque of the wheels - as well as unevenness of the field microfilm. The average values of the slippage of the tractor's driving wheels and hectare fuel consumption are mainly affected by the oscillations of the traction resistance. The use of diagonal-parallel tires instead of radial makes it possible to reduce the slipping of the tractor's drive wheels from 24 % (when working on serial tires) to 16 % (on test tires) and to reduce the hectare fuel consumption by 6 %.
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Tihanov, G. "Operational characteristics of direct sowing machine-tractor unit." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 2020): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.04.052.
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Abstract. A study on some operational characteristics of a direct sowing machine-tractor unit has been carried out in wheat sowing. It is performed by Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to John Deere 7250 R tractor. It was found that 91% of the area is sown at sowing rate of 195 kg seed/ha. The remaining 9% are sown either at lower or higher rate. Engine rotations of the seed unit have been established at work mode, i.e. when the seeder is sowing, these are 1594.81 min-1, in idle state the rotations are 912.08 min-1, and in transportation mode are 1860.36 min-1. The relative share of engine use has also been determined: when the seeder is sowing, it is 56.68%, when the seeder unit is in idle mode, it is 14.54% and when the unit is in transportation mode – 28.78%, respectively. The actual operation speed of the seeder unit when sowing wheat was 10.40 km/h and the real hourly productivity – 3.7 ha/h.
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Tihanov, G. "Operational characteristics of direct sowing machine-tractor unit." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 2020): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.04.052.
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Abstract. A study on some operational characteristics of a direct sowing machine-tractor unit has been carried out in wheat sowing. It is performed by Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to John Deere 7250 R tractor. It was found that 91% of the area is sown at sowing rate of 195 kg seed/ha. The remaining 9% are sown either at lower or higher rate. Engine rotations of the seed unit have been established at work mode, i.e. when the seeder is sowing, these are 1594.81 min-1, in idle state the rotations are 912.08 min-1, and in transportation mode are 1860.36 min-1. The relative share of engine use has also been determined: when the seeder is sowing, it is 56.68%, when the seeder unit is in idle mode, it is 14.54% and when the unit is in transportation mode – 28.78%, respectively. The actual operation speed of the seeder unit when sowing wheat was 10.40 km/h and the real hourly productivity – 3.7 ha/h.
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Troyanovskaya, I. P., and A. O. Zhakov. "Road holding ability of machine-tractor unit during plowing." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 6 (2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2020-6-41-49.
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The discrepancy between the working width of the plow and the width of the tractor leads to asymmetry of the arable units. The geometry of the share surface of the reversible plow contributes to the generation of lateral forces on the working tool. All this contributes to the imbalance of the working body and the deviation of the tractor from straight-line movement during plowing. To maintain a straight line, the driver has to correct the vehicle movement every 5-10 meters, which makes him more tired. To study the causes of lateral slip of the plowing unit, a mathematical model was built. It consists of the equations of controlled motion and equations of uncontrolled shift of the tractor under the action of external forces from the plow. The description of the force interaction of the propeller with the ground is based on the mathematical theory of friction, taking into account anisotropy and elastic properties in contact. On the basis of the passive shear model, the hodograph of the maximum force shifting the tractor from the side of the working tool is constructed. It has been established that the shear force reaches its maximum adhesion value only in the case of trans-lational shear, when its line of action passes through the center of gravity of the tractor. In all other cases, the shift (pull) of the tractor is carried out by a force of a lower value. The features and as-sumptions of the model are formulated in relation to the tracked and wheeled tractors. As a result, it was found that regardless of the direction of the lateral displacement of the plow draft resistance, the tractor is pulled towards the plowed field. The result of the numerical experiment showed that the main reason for the drift of the wheeled arable unit is the different type of soil along the sides of the tractor, but not the displacement of the plow traction resistance.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Aivars Aboltins, Semjons Ivanovs, Hristo Beloev, Volodymyr Nadykto, Yevhen Ihnatiev, and Jüri Olt. "Theory of Movement of Machine-Tractor Unit with Trailer Haulm Harvester Machine." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 3901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083901.
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Harvesting sugar and fodder beet tops is a complex technological process that requires the use of special harvesting machines. Trailed harvesters of different rows, which together with aggregate tractors form symmetric or asymmetric machine-tractor units, the movement of which in the horizontal plane is not always stable, are widely used. The purpose of this study is to determine the parameters of stable plane-parallel motion of asymmetric harvester machine-tractor unit based on numerical computer simulation of the obtained analytical dependencies. According to the results of the analytical study, the values of the amplitude and phase-frequency characteristics of the turning angle tractor’s oscillations were obtained. They reflect the reproduction by the angle rotation fluctuations of the haulm harvester machine in the horizontal plane. Calculations have shown that reducing the value of the input resistance coefficient of pneumatic tires of the driving wheels of the aggregating tractor increases its sensitivity to the action of disturbing influences. The greater the sensitivity, the closer the wheels of the power tool are to the attachment point of the trailed haulm harvester. In qualitative terms, increasing the speed of the machine-tractor unit from 1.5 to 2.5 m∙s−1 leads to an undesirable increase in the amplitude-frequency response and desired increase in the phase-frequency response when reproducing its external disturbing effects in the form of oscillations of the angle of rotation of the harvester.
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Gamaleyev, P. P., A. S. Zeygerman, I. V. Kursov, E. S. Marshalov, A. N. Ploshchadnov, and P. Y. Yakovlev. "Improvement of the stability of the tractor within the units with front mounting." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69817.
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The article describes the importance and challenges of machine-tractor units with front mounting. The authors presented calculation scheme of the front-mounted unit with a device that enhances the stability of the machine-tractor system with a continuous tillage.
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Kuznetsov, N. G., and D. S. Gapich. "Automation of performance calculation of horizontal load stabilizers for machine and tractor units." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, no. 4 (April 15, 2014): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65621.
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Mathematical model determining parameters of tractor longitudinal and angular oscillations based on known design parameters of tractor and driving tires is considered. It permits to determine parameters of horizontal load stabilizers of machine and tractor unit without field tests.
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Fomin, S. D., V. I. Pyndak, and D. S. Gapich. "Stabilization of road-holding ability of controlled movement of machine-tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 10 (October 15, 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66041.
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The article considers the dynamic parameters of machine-tractor unit, including the road-holding ability of controlled movement, by the example of transport unit with wheel tractor of 1,4 class in a wide range of speeds with changed transmission parameters and various types of kinematic connection of driving wheels.
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Журавель, Д. П. "MODELING OF EMPLOYMENT MACHINE TRACTOR UNIT AT BIODYSELY OPERATION." Proceedings of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 19, no. 3 (2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2078-0877-19-3-57-67.
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Kolesnik, Lydia. "WAYS OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL CLEANING FOR MACHINE TRACTOR UNIT." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(104) (June 27, 2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-1-14.
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Аdvantages and disadvantages of various types of fuels are considered in the article; the method of cleaning alternative fuel for agricultural machines is developed, namely, the increase of methane content in the fuel mixture of diesel - gas as an alternative fuel for machine - tractor aggregates. The proposed method results in relatively small losses of methane to 0.06%. When the system operates at standard pressure, power consumption is less than 0.04 kWh / m3, which gives the system the ability to work economically. The fuel gas produced as a by-product can be good for heating a bioreactor. Purified biogas (methane content 97.7% by volume). The content of methane can be further increased by further cooling. The invention allows increased methane output and lower energy consumption. The work contains 6 formulas, 1 drawing and 12 literary sources.
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Antoschenkov, R. "Investigation in dynamics of sowing machine-tractor assembly unit." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 97, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201905-06.
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Nadykto, Volodymyr, Pavol Findura, Volodymyr Kyurchev, and Oleksander Orel. "Influence of Biodiesel on Performance of Machine-Tractor Units." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0002.
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Abstract Currently, liquid biofuels, and especially biodiesel, are increasingly used. In terms of agricultural production, there arises an urgent question whether utilization of biofuels in agricultural tractors is feasible and efficient. Majority of results regarding the biodiesel use comes from bench tests of engines. However, work of any machine-tractor unit under real conditions, except for the steady-state mode of movement, includes acceleration mode after a turn, or after it was forced stop in the field. It has been established that the addition of sunflower methyl ester (SME) into conventional diesel (CD) leads to a decrease in the throttle response of a tractor engine during its field operation. Using 50% CD and 50% SME as fuel mixture, the tillage machine-tractor unit’s acceleration time increased by 16.6%. Operating on SME only, the unit’s acceleration time reached 50%. The acceleration process of a machine-tractor unit using fuel with addition of SME is non-linear. It consists of two parts: more intensive − with SME content in diesel fuel of up to 50%, and less intensive − with an increase in SME proportion over 50%. When using a mixture of CD with SME in a ratio of 50 : 50, the soil cultivation machine-tractor unit performance decreased by 7.2%, and fuel consumption per tilled area increased by 5.3%.
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Galych, I. V. "Analysis Of Vibration And Oscillation Sources Of Machine-Tractor Aggregates Units." Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no. 30 (June 28, 2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-1-9.
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With the increasing speed of machine-tractor aggregates, the energy intensity of tractors and labor productivity increases. In turn, this leads to an increase in the dynamic loading of nodes and components of machine-tractor aggregates, an increase in the level of oscillation and the emergence of dynamic and vibrational loads, which negatively affects both the node and components of the tractor or the aggregate, and the implementation of agrotechnical requirements. An analysis of recent studies and publications has shown that the introduction of energy-intensive technology into agricultural production leads to a decrease in soil fertility due to spraying and re-compression by engines, which aggravate agro-ecological indicators. In the study, the analysis of sources of vibrations and oscillations of elements of machine-tractor aggregates is presented. The frequency of influence on machine-tractor aggregates of various agrofones at different speeds of motion is analyzed. Experimental studies have determined the spectral density of the hook effort of the tractor during cultivating on disk field and steam. The results of experimental studies of the active damping system are presented. The result of the study is the suggestion to reduce the oscillations of the tractor and agricultural machine to justify comprehensive measures that prevent deterioration of the conditions of the unit. Fluctuations of the tractor, caused by sources of excitations, lead to deterioration of the performance of agrotechnical requirements due to the non-straightforwardness of the trajectory of motion, redevelopment of soil. To reduce the vibrations of the tractor and the agricultural machine it is necessary to substantiate the complex measures that prevent deterioration of the conditions of the unit
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Galych, Ivan, Roman Antoshchenkov, Viktor Antoshchenkov, Igor Lukjanov, Sergey Diundik, and Oleksandr Kis. "Estimating the dynamics of a machine-tractor assembly considering the effect of the supporting surface profile." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7 (109) (February 22, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225117.
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Results of theoretical studies of dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly taking into account the influence of a bearing surface profile were presented. It was established that in the course of operation, the machine-tractor assembly is exposed to a number of external factors leading to a change of vertical loads on the chassis and the engine. Mathematical models of dynamics of a tractor and a machine and a tractor unit consisting of a tractor of pivotally connected arrangement and a trailed sower were constructed. Such models make it possible to study dynamics and oscillatory processes of multi-element units. A mathematical model of tractor wheel dynamics was formed. Speeds and angles of orientation of elements of the machine-tractor assembly in space were determined. Influence of profile of the bearing surface on the unit elements when moving in the field prepared for sowing and the field after plowing was calculated. Theoretical studies of the influence of the bearing surface profile on dynamics of the machine-tractor assembly were performed on the example of KhTZ-242K tractor and Vega-8 Profi sower (Ukraine). When moving, the sower frame has a smaller amplitude of vibration accelerations than that of the tractor. Accordingly, the tractor has higher oscillation energy because it rests on the ground through its wheels having appropriate stiffness. The sower moves with its working bodies immersed into the soil which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of oscillations. The highest energy of amplitude of oscillation accelerations of the sower frame in the vertical direction was observed at frequencies of 15.9; 23.44; 35.3 and 42.87 Hz. It was found that the increase in working speeds of agricultural units leads to the fact that oscillations of all components reach significant values. This entails an increase in dynamic loads on soil and, as a consequence, its compaction
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Yakovenko, A., V. Makarchuk, and V. Serbinov. "CHOICE OF THE WORK OF MACHINE - TRACTOR AGGREGATES." Аграрний вісник Причорномор'я, no. 94 (December 25, 2019): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2019.94.17.
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The choice of the most profitable mode of operation of tractor engines always worries the operators of agricultural machinery. When completing machine-tractor aggregates (MTA), the question becomes how to choose a farm machine to a tractor in order to obtain higher productivity of the unit with less fuel consumption and ensure the reliable operation of the tractor engine. Research by many scientists has shown a lot of criteria or methods for determining the load level of tractor engines when performing fieldwork. They recommended the coefficient of permissible and possible overload of the engine, the displacement of the torque of the engine, the degree of irregularity of the traction resistance of the unit, the average engine power at the given time, the engine speed, nominal, idling speed and the minimum, the mean square deviation of the moments of resistance of the unit. Practically these indicators to determine for the optimal mode of operation of the MTA on various agricultural work is difficult for the mechanics. Modern tractors have powerful engines, with a large number of revolutions of the crankshaft. The owners of the technology are most concerned about the performance and cost-effectiveness of the ATS, so that each engine power in kW brings more benefits. Therefore, we recommend the minimum specific energy consumption as an optimization criterion (ATA operation mode selection), this is the minimum ratio of the tractor's nominal tractor power to the unit's performance, which depends on the width of the unit's capture and speed of its movement. The less this relationship, the more profitable and more economical it will be to use the work of the MTA. And the owner of the machinery will always know what kind of benefits he brings to each kilowatt tractor engine power.
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Amelchenko, P. A., I. N. Zhukovskiy, N. N. Gurskiy, A. V. Klyuchnikov, and A. V. Vaschula. "Features of acceleration of agricultural machine-tractor unit with electric traction." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 8 (August 15, 2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66047.
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Adamchuk, V. V., V. M. Bulgakov, V. T. Nadykto, V. P. Kuvachov, Ye І. Ihnatiev, and Juri Olt. "Theory of sustainable movement of disk harrow." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 14(113) (2021): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-1.
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Annotation Purpose. Establishment of theoretical regularities that make it possible to make such a choice of parameter values for a trailed disc harrow, which provides it with the desired directional stability, which, in turn, ensures a high-quality performance of the technological process for the disc-type machine-tractor unit. Methods. The methods of the theory of agricultural machines were used for the research, analytical mechanics, higher mathematics, and methods of numerical calculations using a PC. Results. According to the results of the study, it has been established that sufficient directional stability of a trailed disc harrow can be ensured with the correct choice of its width of capture, distance from the point of attachment to the center of resistance and the speed of the working movement. The optimal combination of these parameters of the disc harrow determines the maximum performance of the harrow machine-tractor unit with a satisfactory stability of its movement in the horizontal plane, which is provided after their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies. Soil disking is one of the methods of soil cultivation, which ensures its effective crushing, loosening, partial mixing and wrapping. Despite numerous researches of the disc harrow operation process, insufficient attention is still paid to the research of the motion stability of harrow machine-tractor units, especially trailed ones. Conclusions 1. Satisfactory directional stability of the trailed disc harrow can be ensured with the correct choice of its working width, distance from the point of hitch to the center of resistance and the speed of the working movement. 2. The optimal combination of the design parameters of the disc harrow and the speed of the harrow machine-tractor unit, which determines its maximum productivity with satisfactory stability of the disc harrow movement in the horizontal plane, is ensured when they are determined using the new analytical dependencies. 3. The obtained theoretically mathematical dependencies can be used to solve a similar problem with respect to any other symmetric machine-tractor unit with a trailed technological part. Keywords: harrow, tillage, trailed machine-tractor unit, motion stability, differential equations.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Kuvachov, Ladislav Nozdrovický, Pavol Findura, Stanislav Smolinskyi, and Yevhen Ihnatiev. "The Study of Movement of the Wide Span Tractor-Based Field Machine Unit with Power Method of its Control." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0029.
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Abstract Recently, rapid development of controlled traffic farming convincingly demonstrates the broad prospects of using the wide span tractor-based field machines throughout the world. The issue at hand lies in the fact that having a wide span tractor-based machine with steering-wheel system moving along the tracks of a constant technological track is not a rational option. According to the concept of bridge and rutting agriculture, it is advisable to subordinate the automated means of mechanization to the principles of the functioning of the coordinate transport system in which machines can move only in two mutually perpendicular directions and for implementation of which the field must have strictly defined dimensions. Therefore, a method of power steering similar to a crawler tractor (track-type tractor) can be more efficient in the automatic driving of bridge means of mechanization within the coordinate-transport system than a kinematic control. Furthermore, methodology utilized for selection of design schemes, parameters and operating modes of machine-tractor aggregates can not be used for study of dynamics of the wide span tractor-based field machine. Theoretical study is based on theoretical mechanics, theory of mobile energy facilities, statistical dynamics and theory of automatic control of linear dynamical systems with reproduction of statistically random control and disturbing input effects. Purpose of the research lies in development of a dynamic model of plane parallel motion in the horizontal plane of a wide span tractor-based field machine unit using a power (onboard) method of control, which would allow investigation of impacts of the control parameters and disturbing influences on the controllability and stability of its motion. Mathematical models have been developed and new regularities of the straightforward parallel movement of the wide span tractor-based field machine unit for controlled traffic farming have been obtained. The results obtained allow the validation of new schemes, design parameters and modes of operation with acceptable controllability and stability of movement in the horizontal plane with a power control method of the chassis.
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Bulgakov, V., V. Adamchuk, V. Kiurchev, V. Nadykto, and Je Ignat'iev. "Research of operating indicators of top gatherer machine-tractor unit." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 99, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk202112-08.
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Dzhabborov, N. I., and A. M. Dementyev. "Forecasting the optimal operating modes of machine and tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-69410.
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The general approach to forecasting of optimum values of operational indicators of the agricultural machine-tractor aggregate for the specified operating conditions is considered. As an example of its realization for the concrete unit the balanced system of operational indicators received as a result, their values, optimum levels of loading and use degree are given.
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Fomin, S. D., V. I. Avramov, D. S. Gapich, and E. S. Vorontsova. "Energy efficiency of the machine-tractor unit in transient modes." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66876.
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The study of transient modes of operation of the machine-tractor unit (MTU) in order to improve energy efficiency and energy saving is a very important task. The process of starting and accelerating of MTU is the heaviest mode of operation, which is characterized by considerable dynamic loads and which has a significant influence on the most important indicators: productivity, fuel efficiency, as well as slipping of propulsors, abrasion of the soil and tires, loading and lifetime of the elements of the transmission of tractors. One of the effective methods for reducing dynamic loading is the introduction of elastic-damping links in the drive of propulsors of tractors. The study of impact of elastic-damping drive of traction wheels on the parameters of the MTU operation during the acceleration period were carried out in a complex way: theoretically, on the six mass dynamic equivalent model developed by us, which adequately reflects the actual overclocking processes, and experimentally, in the field conditions on full-scale samples. Methods of software mathematical modeling and developed methods of experimental research were used. The complex of the conducted researches has established: due to the decrease in dynamic loads the improvement of all operational parameters of the MTA has been obtained, including: reduction in the slippage of propellers, tire wear and abrasion, a significant increase in energy efficiency: specific fuel consumption in the process of starting and accelerating of MTU with an elastically damping drive on stubble in gears from the third to the sixth decreases by an average of 40% compared to a rigid serial drive. Due to the smoothing of the peaks of the hook load (by 38%) and the torque (by 36%) with the elastic elements, a more smooth and at the same time more intensive acceleration of the unit is obtained (acceleration time is shortened due to the fact that the slippage is reduced and crankshaft speed is reduced in lesser degree).
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Eviyev, V. A., P. V. Bukadzhinov, and N. G. Ochirov. "Determination of performance indicators of machine-tractor unit by tractor characteristic with a sector of constant tractive power." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 12 (December 15, 2015): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66074.
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The article assesses the impact of variable load on energy and technical-economic indicators of machine-tractor unit. Dependencies have been obtained with the assumption that there is a sector of constant tractive power on tractive characteristic of a tractor.
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Sinitsky, Stanislav S., Vladimir M. Medvedev, Ruslan R. Lukmanov, Gennady V. Pikmullin, and Olga I. Makarova. "Investigation of the effect of air supply on the effective engine performance of a machine-tractor unit under unsteady load." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700025.
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The article discusses the effect of air supply (excess air coefficient) on the effective performance of the engine of a machine-tractor unit with an unsteady load. The analysis of the influence of unsteady load on the engine performance of the machine-tractor unit (MTU) is given. Theoretical studies are presented to determine the effective performance of the MTU engine under unsteady load and their comparative analysis with the results of experimental data. This is necessary to verify the adequacy of theoretical dependencies with the results of experimental studies.
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Lipkovich, E. I. "Agricultural machine-building industry: urgent tasks." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 11 (November 15, 2013): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65676.
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The production organization issue for five urgent technical means of engineering industry enterprises in Russian Federation is considered. The new economic assessment procedure of constructive, engineering and technological solutions is given, that can be used at designing of multipurpose machine and tractor unit based on mobile power unit of 5th generation.
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Akhmadov, B. R., and B. B. Khodzhiyev. "Optimal operation modes of a soil-cultivating and sowing unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65892.
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Evaluation indicators of operating efficiency and balanced system of operational indices of machine-tractor units are substantiated. Optimal operational indices and degrees of their realization for a soil-cultivating and sowing unit are given.
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Poddubnyy, V. I., A. S. Pavlyuk, and M. L. Poddubnaya. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE CONTROLLED MOTION OF THE WHEELED MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 3 (March 15, 2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66290.
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A brief review of the systems of precise farming is given, problems of scientific and practical research are formulated to create a domestic system of accurate farming using autopilotation. The analysis of applied software used in the development and approbation of algorithms for controlling the movement of wheeled agricultural machines is carried out. The ideology of the development of mechatronic systems using the CAMeL-View application package is presented, a mechanical-mathematical model of the machine-tractor unit consisting of a wheeled tractor and a semi-mounted plow is described. The results of mathematical modeling of the movement of a machine-tractor unit at a speed of 2.5 m / s are presented using control based on the basic maneuvers of wheeled vehicles when the soil is processed to a depth of 0.24 m. The required slope angle of the tractor frame is defined as a linear combination of dependencies for changing the curvature of the trajectory, the direction of motion, the lateral displacement and the initial angle of rotation of the steered wheels. The analysis of the results allows to draw a conclusion about the rather good quality of the working movement of the arable unit, which indicates the efficiency of the proposed control algorithm. The program implementation of the control algorithm is proposed in the wheeled agricultural machines developed with the participation of authors of the electromechanical control system for the movement using satellite radio navigation systems GLONASS and GPS. With a real control of the movement of a wheeled agricultural machine, a significant deterioration in the quality of motion is caused by inaccurate determination of its current coordinates when using satellite GPS and GLONASS radio navigation systems. Accordingly, the level of lateral deviations of the working mechanisms of the agricultural machine will be higher than the motion obtained from the modeling results, using the proposed control algorithm. The final conclusion about the limits of applicability of the proposed control for various fieldwork will be made based on the results of field tests of the control system.
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Palitsyn, A. V. "Piston flowmeter application for control of operational parameters of machine and tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 9 (September 15, 2015): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66098.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Kuvachov, Olena Solona, and Mykola Boris. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTENSITY OF OSCILLATIONS AGRICULTURAL MACHINE-TRACTOR UNITS." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 3(102) (September 28, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2021-3-3.
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Smoothness of movement of agricultural units is one of the important operational indicators of their work which is estimated on influence of fluctuations (translational vertical, cross, angular longitudinal, etc.) The article presents the method and results of experimental assessment of the smoothness of the movement of the bridge agricultural unit, which moves in the footsteps of a constant technological track. Studies of the smoothness of the bridge unit showed that the graphs of normalized correlation functions of vertical oscillations of the bridge agricultural tool developed by us in its motion in the wake of a constant technological track is characterized by a function containing along with random components harmonic, which are expressed by attenuating periodic oscillations. The frequency spectrum of oscillations of the agricultural tool core is concentrated in the range from 0 to 20 s–1, which agrees with the frequency range 0…0.3 cm−1 in which the variances of oscillations of the irregularities of the profile of the traces of the technological track are concentrated. The length of the correlation connection is approximately 0.25 s, which is equal to 0.25 m at the speed of the agricultural tool within 1.0 m / s.The obtained result is explained by the fact that the main spectrum of oscillations of the profile irregularities has a periodicity that corresponds to the step of ground engagement of the tires of the wheels of the agricultural tool. The research confirmed the effectiveness of the method of estimating the intensity of vertical oscillations of an agricultural unit by a measuring and registration complex based on a tablet computer with Android operating system with built-in accelerometer sensors and Accelerometer Meter application.
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Kotsar, Yu A., S. V. Pluzhnikov, V. S. Mavzovin, A. Yu Kharitonov, and A. I. Kadukhin. "Analysis of operational factors determining the efficiency of fuel economy of machine and tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 9 (September 15, 2015): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66093.
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Kotsar, Yu A., S. V. Pluzhnikov, G. A. Golovaschenko, Yu A. Kumakov, and S. V. Leonov. "Optimization of structure and operation modes of machine-tractor units." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 8 (August 15, 2012): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-69498.
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Kolator, Bronisław Andrzej. "Modeling of Tractor Fuel Consumption." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082300.
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In this paper, the energy diagnostic of tractor performance consists in evaluating the energy (fuel consumption per hectare—dm3 ha−1) for a given agricultural operation and in combining it with working capacity, also called productivity (area productivity—ha h−1). One of the methods of solving this problem is the identification of the functioning process of the machine unit. A model of the process of the machine unit performance was developed, considering the operation of the rear linkage system of the implement with the force control adjustment system. In order to analyze the system, a mathematical model of the system function was built: tractor-implement-soil, defining the physical connections and interdependencies between the individual subsystems of the system. Based on this model, a simulation model was developed and implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The Simulink package was used to test the performance of the machine set. The efficiency indicators according to the adopted criteria were calculated in the evaluation block. To evaluate the process, the technical and operational parameters of the tractor, the type and parameters of the tool, and soil properties were taken into account. The results of simulation studies obtained on a validated model are consistent with experimental data from appropriate soil conditions.
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Belyaev, Alexander N., Vladimir I. Orobinsky, Vladimir P. Shatsky, Tatyana V. Trishina, and Irina A. Vysotskaya. "TRAJECTORY OF THE MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT AT THE BEGINNING OF TURNING." VESTNIK OF VORONEZH STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 4, no. 67 (2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2071-2243.2020.4.55.
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Eviyev, V. A., N. G. Ochirov, and B. V. Mudzhikov. "Influence of stochastic external loading conditions on the performance of machine and tractor unit." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65635.
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Khafizov, Kamil. "REDUCING TOTAL ENERGY COSTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN AGRICULTURE - A WAY TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-43-47.
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The article is devoted to the search for ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere when performing technological operations in agricultural production. It is proposed to calculate the efficiency of using machine and tractor units based on the methods of physical economics, when not a monetary unit is used as an indicator of efficiency, but an energy unit, which is an indirect indicator of saving or increasing emissions of carbon dioxide. It is substantiated that a decrease in total energy costs when performing technological operations for the production of grain and other crops directly leads to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Examples of computational experiments are given to identify the most optimal brand of a tractor and optimize the parameters of the working width and speed of the seeding machine-tractor unit K-5250 + Agromaster, leading to a decrease in total energy costs and, accordingly, to a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions and carbon sequestration from the air by reducing losses harvest
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Roslavtsev, A. V., and I. I. Sapozhnikov. "Analysis of influence of machine-tractor unit completing quality on its movement dynamics." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65973.
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The influence of changing load on machine-tractor unit movement is examined. The unit is considered as a dynamic system consisting of invariable components which are perfectly rigid bodies and connections between them are considered to be absolutely rigid or elastic viscous.
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Petrov, Alexander, Yuri Saveliev, Pavel Ishkin, and Mikhail Petrov. "Soil tillage energy efficiency increase." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700177.
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Tillage energy efficiency increase is one of the important tasks in improving the profitability and sustainability of agricultural production. The paper proposes to increase cultivation energy efficiency due to the use of traction-drive tilling implement with active working bodies, not creating a high traction resistance and not requiring a large towing weight of aggregated tractor. The analysis of the energy efficiency of soil cultivation using traction-driven tilling implements with active working bodies has been carried out, and theoretical dependences of the coefficient of efficiency of a traction-driven machine-tractor unit has been obtained. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of the unit by reducing slipping of the tractor wheels and losses on rolling of the unit has been determined, which has been achieved by transferring part of the power through the power take-off shaft (PTO) of tractor to the drive working bodies of tilling implement, which compensate for traction resistance of the implement and create a pushing force, reducing the resistance to rolling.
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Tihanov, G., and N. Ivanov. "Fuel consumption of a machine-tractor unit in direct sowing of wheat." Agricultural Science and Technology, Volume 13, Issue 1 (March 2021): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.01.007.
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Abstract. A study has been conducted on the fuel consumption in direct sowing of wheat with a Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to a John Deere 7250 R tractor. The experimental field (29.53 ha) was sown with winter soft wheat (Silverio variety) at a sowing rate of 195 kg/ha. The data from the sowing unit were collected using the JD Link telematics system, downloaded from the system and imported and compiled in a database. Fuel consumption was analyzed in accordance with the operation mode, the idle mode and the transportion mode of the machine-tractor unit. It was found that the average fuel consumption in work mode (when the seeder was sowing) was 23.08 l/h, while in transportion mode the seeding unit consumed 16.55 l/h and while the unit was idling it consumed 4.30 l/h. The results also show that the seeding unit has travelled 63 km and consumed 185 L of diesel fuel at an average diesel consumption of 23.08 l/h.
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Медведев, Владимир, Vladimir Medvedev, Станислав Синицкий, and Stanislav Sinickiy. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ESTIMATION THE DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF MACHINE AND TRACTOR UNIT’S ENGINE UNDER UNSTEAD LOAD." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d3e174a791dc8.26723129.
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The article provides an analysis of the existing methods and techniques for assessing the dynamic characteristics of engines of mobile machines, and also presents theoretical calculations for estimating the dynamic performance of an machine and tractor unit’s engine under unsteady load. The proposed mathematical model describes the change in the performance of the engine of machine and tractor unit with a linear law of loading and allows you to compare an engine’s operation at unsteady load with the ideal. The quasi-dynamic characteristic was laid as the theoretical basis for study to assess the dynamic performance of machine and tractor unit’s engine under unsteady load. Comparison of the dynamic performance of engines at unsteady load with ideal performance, which have no dynamic losses. It is proposed to apply the “quasi-dynamic” characteristics. The quasidynamic (ideal) characteristic is called - the change in the performance of machine and tractor unit’s engine, in the transition process, occurring in accordance with the change in the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft on the stationary characteristics. The mathematical model for estimating the dynamic performance of an machine and tractor unit’s engine using a correcting branch with an unsteady load is experimental equations for load buildup. Theoretical relationships have been developed for evaluating the dynamic performance of an engine with an unsteady load on the correcting branch of the regulatory characteristic. Using the proposed theoretical dependences, it is possible to carry out theoretical studies of the effect of load on the dynamic performance of an machine and tractor unit’s engine and determine the total dynamic losses.
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Shkrabak, V. S., and N. I. Dzhabborov. "Probabilistic-statistical method for determining ergonomic tolerances of machine-tractor units with a gas-turbine engine." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66406.
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The justification and usage of tolerances for ergonomic parameters ensure safety and improve the conditions and safety of operators of machine-tractor units. The subject of the investigation is a development of the mathematical models for a determination of the ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units with gas-turbine engines. The aim of the investigations is a development of the probabilistic-statistical method for a determination of the ergonomic tolerances of machine-tractor units equipped with gas turbine engines. The novelty of the researches consists in the developed mathematical models and algorithm for a calculation of the tolerances for ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units with gas-turbine engines. The proposed method is developed on the basis of systems analysis and methods of collecting and processing information, mathematical modeling. At the same time, state standards GOST 26387-8, GOST R ISO 15005-2012, GOST R ISO 15534-1-2009 were also used. Ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units are divided into the following basic groups: anthropometric, hygienic, physiological and psychological. As the main quantitative characteristics of the tolerances for ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units, the following are defined: adjusting tolerances for the level of adjustment, adjusting tolerances for the accuracy of adjustment and control tolerances. The proposed method and algorithm for a calculation allow to predict the optimal values of ergonomic tolerances of machine-tractor units with a probability of 0,95. As an example in the article, the examples of calculating the temperature tolerances at the mechanic workplace of the machine-tractor unit with a gas-turbine engine GTD-350T are given. It is established that the optimum values of the adjusting tolerance for the level of the temperature setting at the mechanic workplace are equal to 20±1 °C, and the adjusting tolerance for the accuracy of the adjustment is ±0,7 °C. The established ergonomic tolerances and the probabilistic-statistical method for their determination are intended for a justification, continuous control and ergonomic parameters assessments that ensure the safety and improvement of the conditions and labor protection of the operator of machine-tractor units with a gas turbine engine. The proposed probabilistic-statistical method provides the definition and optimization of ergonomic parameters of machine-tractor units with a gas turbine engine, taking into account the probabilistic character of their changes under specific conditions of their operation.
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Тretyak, V. M., V. V. Sheban, R. V. Oliadnichuk, O. F. Govorov, and R. V. Melnik. "Influence of hinged device parameters on negative resonance oscillations during the operation of machine-tractor unit in transport mode." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 12 (2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-15.
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Annotation Purpose. Reducing the influence of resonance phenomena on the structural elements of a tractor of the KIY 14102 type when driving with an attached implement in transport mode. Methods. To solve this problem means of graph-analytical constructions, analytical geometry, oscillation theory and theoretical mechanics were used. Results. On the basis of the graphic-analytical analysis of the kinematic diagram of the tractor attachment of the KIY 14102 type, it was found that the position of the instantaneous center of its rotation significantly depends on the change in the angle between the tractor frame and the levers, which are united by the CA-1 automatic connection device. The frequency range of forced oscillations of the tractor frame, which occur when driving in a certain speed range, can coincide with the relative natural frequency of the tractors, which leads to resonance phenomena. Resonant longitudinal-angular vibrations of the tractor frame reduce the normal reactions of the steered wheels with the supporting surface, which worsens controllability. Changing the frequency of the natural resonance of the elements connecting the tractor with the implement can be done by changing the kinematic stiffness of the mounted system. Conclusions 1. The kinematic diagram of the hinged device of tractors significantly affects the dependence of the position of the instantaneous center of rotation of the hinged device relative to the mass of the implement that is aggregated. 2. The existing parameters of the mounted systems of tractors of the KIY 14102 type can lead to the occurrence of resonance phenomena when driving in transport mode on unpaved field roads, which negatively affects the controllability of the MTA. 3. Reducing the resonant frequency of natural vibrations of the attachment system with the tool, by reducing the kinematic stiffness, improves the dynamics of the interaction of the elements of the machine-tractor unit with each other and with the supporting surface. Keywords: machine-tractor unit, clutch system, tests, dynamic loads, strain gauge measurements, air pressure in tires.
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Dobrolyubov, I. P., and G. L. Utenkov. "Working machines state operational monitoring according to the parameters of the internal combustion engine." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 15, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-3-13-21.
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The authors showed that the imperfection of precision farming methods, methods of transferring energy from the tractor engine to the working bodies required the development of new methods for reliable and accurate identification of the soil and its properties, as well as the state of machine-tractor units. (Research purpose) To determine the actual energy and economic indicators of a working machine and unit reliably and promptly in the operating conditions of agricultural production by parameters closely related to the energy indicators of an internal combustion engine, the measurement of which did not require large costs. (Materials and methods) 24 indirect parameters reflecting the power and degree of engine load were used for the operational assessment. In this case, the angular accelerations of the internal combustion engine and the turbocharger rotor crankshaft, including those caused by the operation of individual cylinders, the working processes of the generator (their average and extreme values), as well as the amplitude-frequency spectra of these processes, and speed characteristics were taken into account. To improve the accuracy and reliability of the assessment of energy indicators, the authors selected the processes in the frequency and phase domains. (Results and discussion) The considered methods were tested in production conditions during the main processing of the alkaline-chernozem complexes of the Chulym district of the Novosibirsk region. The authors found that the use of a flexible machine-tractor unit based on an energy-rich tractor improved the quality of soil cultivation: the share of soil lumps less than 5 centimeters in size was 73-80 percent; the productivity of the tillage machine increased by 15-20 percent. (Conclusions) The authors proved that with the help of indirectly determined indicators of power and degree of load, it was possible to estimate the actual values of the energy and technical and economic indicators of the working machine and the unit, the quality of the assembly of the unit, the heterogeneity of the soil was much easier and cheaper than using the known force-measuring methods. It was found that the use of digital systems for automatic control of the unit using the indicated indicators made it possible to provide quite simply the setting of the optimal zone of energy modes.
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Antipin, V. P., V. D. Valyazhonkov, M. Ya Durmanov, V. N. Kulikov, and A. O. Mikhaylov. "Analysis and refinement of design parameters of the machine-tractor unit based on the tractor K-744R-05." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 9 (September 15, 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66329.
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In accordance with the functional purpose of the designed tractor, the type and parameters of the transmission are selected according to the terms of reference. However, dynamic loading introduces adjustments to the parameters of the machine-tractor unit. For example, in the transport mode on the surface of the state of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the tangential traction force of the tractor K-744P-05 at a regular speed υо = 3,6 m/s, the gear ratio of the transmission iт = 35,35, at a frequency ω = 8,0 S-1, the amplitude increases to 16.62 kN, accompanied by a «galloping» of the machine-tractor unit. The surface of the amplitude-frequency characteristic is obtained by calculation, and the transmission is adopted as a «stepless variator», limited by the gear ratio iт = 126,10 and iт = 20,30. This allows you to refine the amplitude of the oscillations between the nearest gear stages and adjust the gear ratios of iт value. The phase-frequency characteristics of the components of the dynamic component of the tangential pulling force are also calculated: inertial forces and forces from oscillations of the machine-tractor unit in the longitudinal-vertical plane. It was found that with the decrease in the center-to-center distance by 12,5 % (up to 2,8 m), the amplitude increased by 0,49 kN (2,9 %), and the amount of energy expended - up to 103,2 kJ / s, which is more by 14,46 kJ / s (14,0 %) than at the nominal interaxial distance l = 3,2 m. At the interaxial distance increased by 25 % (from 3,2 to 4,0 m), the amplitude decreased by 0,6 KN (3,6 %), and the amount of energy by 16,4 kJ / s (18,5 %). The increase in the phase delay of forces from oscillations of the machine-tractor aggregate in the longitudinally vertical plane from 45 to 59,9° reduces dynamic loading, and the reduction in the phase of inertial forces from 13,6 to 12,8° continues to support «galloping». After adjusting the transmission ratio of the transmission in the first gear of the fourth mode from iт = 35,8 to iт = 29,42, the regular component of the tangential traction force was decreased by 7,1 kN (17,9 %); total power consumption by 23,4 kW (9,7 %); hour fuel consumption by 5,2 kg / h; the oil consumption on the burn by 56 g/h. Simultaneously, the speed of movement increased by 0,77 m/s (21,6 %).
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Samsonov, V. A., and Yu F. Lachuga. "Optimization of traction characteristics of agricultural tractors." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 11 (November 15, 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66355.
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The productivity of the machine-tractor unit depends on the energy saturation of the tractor. It is assumed that the optimum traction characteristic corresponds to the minimum operating weight of the tractor and its maximum energy saturation, at which the maximum productivity of the machine and tractor unit is achieved with the lowest fuel consumption and compliance with restrictions on tractive effort, slippage and theoretical speed. As a criterion for determining the maximum energy saturation, the maximum efficiency coefficient is adopted with maximum tractive power and maximum tractive efficiency. Calculation of the optimal traction characteristics is an actual task of the theory of the tractor. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology and algorithms for calculating the indicators of the optimal traction characteristics of the tractor when the engine speed of the crankshaft is changed. The objects of research are wheeled and caterpillar tractors of general purpose. Input data: engine and tractor performance indicators; coefficients that characterize the traction and coupling properties of the tractor; the tractor power balance equation; slipping functions; the dependence of the fuel consumption of the engine and its torque on the speed of the crankshaft. The method of research is the calculation using the basic formulas of the theory of the tractor when the speed of the crankshaft is changed by one rotation. Taking into account the accepted values of the nominal engine speed and the torque adaptive factor, the gear ratio is calculated. The calculation procedure for the optimum traction characteristic is developed for tractors with a minimum operating weight, calculated taking into account the nominal tractive effort and the coefficients of using the gravity of the tractors. The maximum energy saturation for each type and traction class of the tractor is determined by calculating the tractive characteristic of the transmission, at which the maximum efficiency factor, traction power and traction efficiency are reached. The main conclusion: the optimum traction characteristic corresponds to the minimum operating weight of the tractor and its maximum energy saturation.
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Lysych, Mikhail. "VIRTUAL STAND FOR SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC STABILITY OF A MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-80-85.
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Рассмотрены вопросы исследования динамической устойчивости МТА методами многотельной динамики (MBD). Для создания имитационной модели использован метод виртуального моделирования в среде CAD SolidWorks и CAE-приложении SolidWorks Motion. В качестве объекта моделирования и исследования выбран МТА на базе трактора МТЗ-82.1. Была создана 3D-модель трактора, оснащенного передним и задним навесными устройствами. При этом были сохранены все основные конструктивные элементы и их ключевые геометрические и массо-инерционные параметры. Далее были сокращены и исключены из массо-инерционных расчетов все неподвижные элементы трактора. Для их замены использован шар равный им по массе из пользовательского материала повышенной плотности. Регулировкой положения шара центр масс упрощенной модели был приведен к реальному эксплуатационному центру масс трактора. Это упрощение позволяет выполнять имитационное моделирование с минимальной загрузкой компьютера. Агрегатирование трактора производилось с передне- и задненавесными модульными орудиями. Был смоделирован испытательный трек, состоящий из четырех испытательных участков с несдвигаемыми препятствиями ориентированными перпендикулярно к направлению движения агрегата. Приводятся параметры взаимодействия контактной пары опорная поверхность–колеса. Продемонстрирован процесс имитационного моделирования динамической устойчивости МТА на виртуальном стенде с контролем комплекса исследуемых параметров.
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Ploschadnov, A. N., P. Yu Yakovlev, A. S. Zeygerman, I. V. Kursov, and E. S. Marshalov. "Kinematics of movement of forward mounting in horizontal plane and its features." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, no. 4 (April 15, 2012): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-69375.
Full textAbstract:
Kinematic relations in the mechanism of forward mounting (linkage) during its swing in horizontal plane are considered. The obtained data can be used in formulation of differential equations of motion of machine-tractor unit.