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Suthisamphat, Naranpraphai, Bhanuz Dechayont, Pathompong Phuaklee, Onmanee Prajuabjinda, Ratha-Korn Vilaichone, Arunporn Itharat, Khwanchanok Mokmued, and Nuntika Prommee. "Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Mace Extracts from Myristica fragrans." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (March 29, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7576818.
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The aril (mace) of Myristica fragrans, known as Dok-Chan, is a spice that has long been used for treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, and nausea. It is an ingredient in many remedies in Thai traditional medicine, e.g., Ya-Hom-Thep-Bha-Jit, Ya-Hom-Nao-Wa-Kot, and Ya-That-Bun-Job, which are used to treat dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal tract symptoms. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of mace were used for all tests. Anti-H. pylori activities were determined by the disc diffusion method and agar dilution. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in a RAW264.7 cell line, and cytotoxicity was determined against gastric cancer cell lines (Kato III) using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. The DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical cation decolorization assays were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The result found that the ethanolic extract of mace exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori ATCC 43504 and six clinical strains with MIC values of 125–250 μg/ml. The aqueous extract MICs against H. pylori ATCC reference strain and six clinical strains were 500 μg/ml compared with 0.5 μg/ml for the positive control, clarithromycin. The inhibitory effect of LPS-induced NO release and cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract had IC50 values of 82.19 μg/ml and 26.06 μg/ml, respectively, and the EC50 values for the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assays were 13.41 μg/ml and 12.44 μg/ml, respectively. The mace extract also had anticancer properties. In conclusion, the ethanolic mace extract had anti-H. pylori, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. These data support further preclinical and clinical investigation to see if the mace extract could have a role in treating patients with dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, and possibly gastric cancer.
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Bara, Camelia. "toxic effects of aflatoxin microorganisms in plants used as spices." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. I (October 5, 2010): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/i/8375.
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As an extension of the analysis of black, white and capsicum peppers for aflatoxins , we have examined an additional 11 types of spices and4 herbs for these mycotoxins. The investigations consisted of assessment of the applicability of available methods of analysis and modifications ofthese, where necessary together, with a limited survey of each spice and herb for aflatoxins. The analysis of 13 types of ground spices reportedthe presence of low concentrations of aflatoxins in some samples of black pepper, celery seed, and nutmeg. We decided to include in our study 5of the spices examined by these workers (cinnamon, celery seed, coriander, nutmeg, and turmeric) for a comparison purpose. In addition weexamined ginger, mace, cumin seed, dill seed, garlic powder, onion powder, and the herbs marjoram, rosemary, thyme, and sage.
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Shngreiyo, A. S. "The Beginning of Dutch and English Conflict in Banda and Moluccas in the Early Seventeenth Century." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 8, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v8.n2.p4.
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Why Christopher Columbus did discovered America the new world, why did Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to reach India. They went and risk their life if search of the Spice Islands. The spices that European was searching were found in Indonesia Archipelago, Bandas famous for nutmeg and mace and Moluccas for its clove. After the formation of the East India Company in the early seventeenth century both the Dutch and English were competing against each other and outmaneuver one another for control of the islands. In the end, it was the Dutch who emerge victories. The Dutch established a monopoly on the spice trade from the Moluccas. They gained control over the clove trade through an alliance with the sultan of Ternate. Dutch occupation of the Banda’s gave them control of the nutmeg trade. Dutch control of the region was fully realized when Malacca was captured from the Portuguese in 1641. The Dutch were quite merciless when it suited their purposes; sometime obliterate the whole native population. By its brutal conquest over the Spice Islands they were able to control over the spice trade. Nevertheless, the English were not left behind whenever there is opportunity they set in to take the advantage of the sour relation between the native and Dutch, as the English played a role of more mercantile communities than occupation. The beginning of the seventeenth century is very important for the two companies as it decide the fate of the spices trade. Both companies were not willing to back out.
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Suwarda, Rosniyati, Risma Fira Suneth, Wahid, and Dewi Sondari. "Potential and opportunities of nutmeg pericarp as functional foods." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130604007.
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Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a native plant of Banda Island known as the Spice Islands. Nutmeg fruit consists of the pericarp or rind, the seed kernel inside (nutmeg), and the nutmeg is a red lacy (aryl) covering the kernel (mace). Nutmeg pericarp contributing 80-85% of the total weight of the nutmeg fruit but its use is still not getting enough attention and a lot of it is wasted as agricultural waste which can pollute the environment. This is because the economic value is considered to be lower than the seeds and mace of nutmeg. This article aims to review the potential and oppurtunity benefits of nutmeg meat waste (pericarp) for human health and its application in functional foods. The method used in this paper is a literature review. The results show that, the pericarp has been reported to contain bioactive compounds similar to those of nutmeg and mace oil which have pharmacological values. Phytochemical compounds are beneficial to human health as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial agents, antixidants, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants, and anti-cancer agents. Based on the composition, the pericarp is potentially used as a functional food to increase added value and reduce environmental pollution. In addition, the abundance of materials, relatively low prices, and the importance of healthy food for the health of the human provide opportunities for the development of functional foods based on bioactive compounds.
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JUGLAL, S., R. GOVINDEN, and B. ODHAV. "Spice Oils for the Control of Co-Occurring Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.4.683.
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The effect of nine different oils was evaluated on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium moniliforme. The experimental design to examine the inhibition of mycotoxins involved the incorporation of each of seven oils into broth and patty cultures. The fungal mycotoxin was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Clove oil (eugenol) was the most inhibitory to the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, followed by cinnamon (cinnamic aldehyde), oregano (thymol and carvacol) and mace oils (myristin). Neem and eucalyptus oil (cineole) did not affect fungal growth. The feasibility of implementing the results of this study to control mycotoxin toxicity was examined by costoring whole and ground cloves with mycotoxin-infected grain. Addition of both whole and ground cloves markedly reduced the aflatoxin contamination of the grain. These results clearly suggest that commonly occurring mycotoxigenic fungi can be controlled with clove oil (eugenol), thus spice oil successfully inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, regulated the production of fumonisins, and prevented the formation of aflatoxins. The social implication of this finding is that rural communities can prevent the formation of fungal toxins in contaminated grain by simple measures.
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Verluyten, Jurgen, Frédéric Leroy, and Luc de Vuyst. "Effects of Different Spices Used in Production of Fermented Sausages on Growth of and Curvacin A Production by Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4807-4813.2004.
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ABSTRACT Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174, a fermented sausage isolate, produces the listericidal bacteriocin curvacin A. The effect of different spices relevant for the production of fermented sausages was investigated in vitro through laboratory fermentations with a meat simulation medium and an imposed pH profile relevant for Belgian-type fermented sausages. The influence on the growth characteristics and especially on the kinetics of curvacin A production with L. curvatus LTH 1174 was evaluated. Pepper, nutmeg, rosemary, mace, and garlic all decreased the maximum specific growth rate, while paprika was the only spice that increased it. The effect on the lag phase was minor except for nutmeg and especially for garlic, which increased it, yet garlic was stimulatory for biomass production. The maximum attainable biomass concentration (X max) was severely decreased by the addition of 0.40% (wt/vol) nutmeg, while 0.35% (wt/vol) garlic or 0.80% (wt/vol) white pepper increased X max. Nutmeg decreased both growth and bacteriocin production considerably. Garlic was the only spice enhancing specific bacteriocin production, resulting in higher bacteriocin activity in the cell-free culture supernatant. Finally, lactic acid production was stimulated by the addition of pepper, and this was not due to the manganese present because an amount of manganese that was not growth limiting was added to the growth medium. Addition of spices to the sausage mixture is clearly a factor that will influence the effectiveness of bacteriocinogenic starter cultures in fermented-sausage manufacturing.
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Astuty, Eka, and Eka Sukmawaty. "Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of nutmeg against foodborne disease pathogens." JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 7, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v7i2.1856.
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Foodborne disease is a disease that occurs as a result of food contamination by microbes or harmful chemicals. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is widely used as a spice and flavor enhancer for food and beverages. In addition, it has traditionally been used to treat diarrhea and kidney disease. Several pharmacological studies have reported the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Antibacterial effectiveness test of nutmeg against several pathogens in this study was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethanol extract of flesh of fruit (concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) had antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria. Different results were shown by the ethanol extract of seed and mace. All the ethanol extract concentrations of seed were not able to inhibit the growth of Shigella sp. and Clostridium sp., while the ethanol extract of mace in all concentrations was unable to inhibit the growth of Shigella sp. Various factors may affecting this extract and compound activity when used in complex biological systems such as in vivo and human studies. Future studies must also focus on aspects of pharmacokinetics and toxicological plant extracts and phytochemicals.
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Chakraborty, Moutoshi, Tamanna Afrin, and Saurab Kishore Munshi. "Microbiological quality and antimicrobial potential of extracts of different spices." Food Research 4, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).303.
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The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial traits of spices for validating its potential as food preservatives and therapeutic alternatives along with their microbiological quality. In this regard, a total of 4 locally available spices including Saffron (Crocus sativus), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Mace (Myristica fragrans) and Shahi Jeera (Bunium bulbocastanum) were collected from different areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The samples were found to harbor total viable bacteria and fungi up to 105 CFU/g and 104 CFU/g, respectively. Presence of specific bacterial species was also documented. Among them, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were prevalent as found in all samples. Presence of Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were also evident in Nutmeg and Shahi Jeera. Whereas, Klebsiella spp. was absent in all samples. Antibacterial properties of the samples were determined by the agar well diffusion method. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of all the spice samples showed remarkable antibacterial activity against most of the tested bacterial isolates, although crude extract could merely affect the bacterial growth. The presence of antibacterial effects revealed that the spices could be used in food conservation and as natural antimicrobials.
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Vijayakumar, Gayathri, Hindhuja Kesavan, Anisha Kannan, Dhanalakshmi Arulanandam, Jeong Hee Kim, Kwang Jin Kim, Hak Jin Song, Hyung Joo Kim, and Senthil Kumaran Rangarajulu. "Phytosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Spices and Their Antibacterial Properties." Processes 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081341.
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To prevent microbial growth, chemical solvents are typically utilized. However, chemical solvents are hazardous to human health with low antimicrobial effects. Metallic-element (such as copper, silver, and gold) nanoparticles have many applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are efficient owing to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties. The objective of this study was to perform biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles using three different spices (star anise, seed of Illicium verum; nutmeg, seed of Myristica fragrans; and mace, membrane covering the seed of Myristica fragrans) and determine their antibacterial properties. CuNPs of spices were prepared by dissolving copper sulfate in the respective plant extract. They were then characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, GC-MS, EDAX, and SEM analysis. Results of UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the maximum absorbance peak at 350 nm. SEM analysis showed that the sizes of these CuNPs were in the range of 150–200 nm. EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of copper and oxygen and revealed that copper existed in an oxidized form. FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of different functional groups in these synthesized nanoparticles. GC-MS analysis revealed compounds such as Anethole D-limonene, heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester, myristene, methyl eugenol, and methyl stearate, indicating the presence of functional groups. The antibacterial activities of the three extracts from spices were analyzed using growth zone inhibition and TLC-bioautography methods. The results showed that star anise spice extract had the highest antibacterial activity. These results indicate that such CuNPs phyto-formulated with spice extracts having antibacterial properties could be used as potential therapeutics for microbial diseases.
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Nadhifah, Ainun, Ida Haerida, Fandri Sofiana Fastanti, Lars Söderström, Anders Hagborg, and Matt von Konrat. "Beyond nutmeg, mace, and cloves: Checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of Maluku Islands (Moluccas), Indonesia." PhytoKeys 239 (March 19, 2024): 107–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.239.116679.
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The first ever liverwort and hornwort checklist is provided for the Maluku Islands (Moluccas/Spice Islands) of Indonesia. We report 355 accepted and 16 doubtful species and reject 22 species previously reported for Maluku Islands. The list is based on the specimens housed in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and reports from over 500 literature references, including monographs, regional studies, and molecular investigations. The Maluku Islands are part of the Wallacea Biodiversity Hotspot with many unique species found only in Wallacea. Publications focusing on liverworts and hornworts of Maluku Islands are few and scattered. Considering regionally widespread species that have been recorded elsewhere, we predict that further fieldwork exploring the diversity of habitats coupled with collections unveiled from regional herbaria, a number of new records remain to be reported.
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Widodo Santoso, Adit, Adelina Simamora, Adelina Simamora, Kris Herawan Timotius, and Kris Herawan Timotius. "Bioactivities of Water Extract and Essential Oil from the Mace of Myristica fragrans Houtt." YARSI Medical Journal 26, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 099. http://dx.doi.org/10.33476/jky.v26i2.584.
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<p><em>Myristica fragrans</em> Houtt (nutmeg) is used as a spice and flavour for food and beverages. It has been traditionally used to treat a number of medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus. The study was undertaken to scientifically validate the traditional use of mace from <em>M.</em><em> </em><em>Fragrans</em><strong>. </strong>The objectives of this study were to evaluate α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water extract (WE) and essential oil (EO) from <em>M.</em><em> </em><em>fragrans</em> mace. Both WE and EO were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities <em>in vitro</em> and their antioxidant activities based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. Standard compounds were used for every test. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of both extracts were also determined. The extracts were also tested for their antibacterial activities against six different bacteria by a well diffusion method. Both extracts showed inhibition activities against α-glucosidase, with WE showed stronger activity than EO (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.86 and 8.15 mg/ml). Good radical scavenging activities were observed for both extracts, with WE showed stronger activity than EO (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.51 and 4.59 mg/ml). WE showed higher content in phenolic than EO (47.84 and 37.21 mg GAE/100 g DW). Flavonoid content in WE was also higher than EO (215.36 and 30.12 mg RE/ml). Based on the well diffusion method, only EO exhibited antibacterial activities, with inhibition zone in the range 1.03 – 1.30 mm. The strongest activity was observed against<em> Staphylococcus mutans</em>. The results indicate WE and EO can be exploited further for pharmacological uses, in particular for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. </p>
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PAFUMI, JOSEPHINE. "Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Spices and Herbs." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.12.958.
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This investigation of the mirobiology of spices and herbs has resulted in the isolaton of pathogenic, potentially pathogenic and spoilage organisms. Tests undertaken included Standard Plate Count (SPC), Yeast and Mold Count, counts for Escherichia coli, coliforms, Bacillus cereus, presumptive Clostridium perfringens; and the presence of Salmonella. The SPC ranged from less than 1.0 × 102 cfu/g in cloves and cayenne pepper to 2.0 × 108 cfu/g in black peppercorns. Most other spices and herbs averaged a total microbial load of about 1.0 × 105 cfu/g. Cloves and cayenne were the only spices found to be free of B. cereus, C. perfringens, coliforms, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.; and low in mold count. In contrast, peppercorns consistently had the highest level of microbial contamination, containing high levels of all organisms tested. Sporeformers and coliforms were detected in most other spices and herbs; B. cereus at a load ranging from less than 1.0 × 102 cfu/g to 1.0 × 105 cfu/g, with most being less than 1.0 × 103 cfu/g (except for cinnamon and broken mace which yielded higher counts); presumptive C. perfringens counts were usually <1.0 × 102 cfu/g (except for mixed herbs and ground paprika); and coliforms at <10/g (except for ground paprika which yielded higher counts). Salmonella was isolated from black peppercorns, white peppercorns and fenugreek seed at a relatively high incidence level (8.2, 1.5, 7.1%, respectively). Fumigation with ethylene oxide proved effective; resulting in Salmonella-free spices and substantial reduction (>90%) in the overall organism count. The spice toxicity tests in regard to Salmonella demonstrated that diluted spice:pre-enrichment ratios of 1:1000 are necessary for cloves, pimento, cinnamon, oregano and mustard seed to confidently isolate this organism of public health concern.
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Sembiring, Bagem Br, Muhammad Zainal Fanani, and Helmi Haris. "Pengolahan Selai Buah Pala Pada Skala Industri Rumah Tangga." Jurnal Ilmiah Pangan Halal 5, no. 2 (October 22, 2023): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jiph.v5i2.10621.
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Nutmeg is one of the spice commodities with the main products are seeds, mace, and essential oil. The taste of the flesh of nutmeg is sour, and the gummy is not like. The percentage of nutmeg flesh is much higher than other parts but has not utilized the optimal by people. Blanching by steaming or boiling can reduce the astringency of the nutmeg flesh, apart from soaking in a salt solution. Nutmeg pulp can processed into various products, one of them is jam. The study aims to get the jam product that the panelists like most. The activity consists of blanching (steaming and boiling) at temperatures (80 °C and 90°C) for 15 minutes. The activity stages include handling the nutmeg fruit and flesh according to the treatment, processing it into jam and organoleptic testing of jam for color, aroma, taste, texture, spreadability and pH value. The blanching process can influence the panelists’ level of preference for jam. The average score given by the panelists to the color of the jam was 5.4 (like), aroma 5.3 (like), taste 5.27 (like), and texture 5.33 (like). Blanching by boiling at 90°C for 15 minutes before processing produces the jam product most liked by the panelist
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Alqahtani, Yahya S., Mater H. Mahnashi, Bandar A. Alyami, Ali O. Alqarni, Mohammed A. Huneif, Mohammed H. Nahari, Anser Ali, Qamar Javed, Hina Ilyas, and Muhammad Rafiq. "Preparation of Spice Extracts: Evaluation of Their Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antityrosinase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Properties Exploring Their Mechanism of Enzyme Inhibition with Antibrowning and Antidiabetic Studies In Vivo." BioMed Research International 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9983124.
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Tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes are known as promising target candidates for inhibitors to control unwanted pigmentation and type II diabetics mellitus. Therefore, twenty extracts as enzyme inhibitors were prepared from edible spices: nutmeg, mace, star anise, fenugreek, and coriander aiming to explore their antioxidant, antibrowning, and antidiabetic potential. Results confirmed that all extracts showed potent antioxidant activity ranging from I C 50 = 0.14 ± 0.03 to 3.69 ± 0.37 μ g / mL . In addition, all extracts exhibited excellent antityrosinase ( I C 50 = 1.16 ± 0.06 to 71.32 ± 4.63 μ g / mL ) and anti-α-glucosidase (IC50 4.76 ± 0.71 to 42.57 ± 2.13 μ g / mL ) activities outperforming the corresponding standards, hydroquinone, and acarbose, respectively. Among all extracts, star anise ethyl acetate (Star anise ETAC) was found most potent inhibitor for both tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes and was further studied to explore the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Kinetic analysis revealed its irreversible but mixed-type tyrosinase inhibition with preferentially competitive mode of action. However, it binds reversibly with α-glucosidase through competitive mode of action. Further, star anise ETAC extract showed concentration dependent and posttreatment time-dependent antibrowning effect on potato slices and antidiabetic effect on diabetic rabbits in vivo proposing it promising candidate for tyrosinase-rooted antibrowning and α-glucosidase-associated diabetes management for future studies.
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Jalil, Laila Abdul. "PEMBANGUNAN BENTENG NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO (THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO FORT)." Kindai Etam: Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/ke.v5i1.46.
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Rempah-rempah menjadi daya tarik utama kedatangan bangsa Eropa ke Nusantara. Cengkih, pala, dan fuli (bagian dalam buah pala yang berwarna merah dengan aroma harum) merupakan jenis rempah yang dicari. Rempah-rempah yang berasal dari Pulau Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, dan Bacan menjadi komoditas utama yang memiliki nilai tinggi dan diperebutkan oleh bangsa Eropa. Portugis merupakan bangsa Eropa pertama yang berhasil mencapai kepulauan rempah. Setelah menaklukkan Malaka pada tahun 1511, Alburqueque mengirimkan tiga kapal mencari kepulauan rempah. Kedatanganbangsa Portugis ke Maluku menjadi penanda awal hubungan bangsa Eropa dengan Nusantara hingga abad XX. Motivasi kedatangan bangsa Eropa yang didorong dengan semangat gold, gospel, dan glory memicu konflik yang berkepanjangan antara Eropa dan penduduk Maluku. Kedatangan Portugis ke Maluku disambut dengan baik oleh Sultan Ternate, Sultan Bayan (Abu Lais). Hubungan perdagangan yang baik antara Kesultanan Ternate dengan Portugis mendorong niat Portugis untuk membangun benteng di Ternate. Keinginan Portugis untuk membangun benteng mendapat izin dari Kesultanan Ternate. Tahap awal pengerjaan benteng dimulai pada tahun 1522. Daerah Kastela dipilih sebagai lokasi pembangunan benteng. Benteng ini merupakan benteng Portugis pertama di Nusantara. Selain sebagai pusat untuk perdagangan dan tempat tinggal bangsa Portugis, benteng pertama ini juga menjadi sekolah teologi pertama di Asia Tenggara. Benteng ini diberi nama Sao Joao Bautista atau Nostra Senora del Rosario yang berarti wanita cantik berkalung bunga mawar. Spices had attracted the arrival of Europeans to the archipelago. Cloves, nutmeg, and mace (the inside part of nutmeg which red color and fragrant) were the most wanted spices. The spices originating from the islands of Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, and Bacan became a high value comodity which was contested by Europeans. Portuguese was the first Europeans to reach the spice islands. After conquering Malacca in 1511, Alburqueque sent three ships to discover the spice islands. The arrival of the Portuguese to Moluccas was a sign of the beginning of the relationship between Portugal and Maluku until XX century. Portuguese motivation arriving to Mollucas was driven by enthusiasm gold, gospel, and glory. The arrival of the Portuguese was welcomed by the Sultan of Ternate, Sultan Bayan (Abu Lais). Good trade relations between Portuguese and Ternate encouraged Portuguese intention to build a fort in Ternate. the Portuguese wish to build a fort got permission from the Sultan. In 1522, early of the fort construction began. Kastela area was chosen as the location for the fort construction. It become the first Portuguese fort in the archipelago. Other than as a trading centre and Portuguese residence, the fort was also the first theological school in Southeast Asia. The fort is named of Sao Joao Bautista or Nostra Senora del Rosario which means beautiful women with rose flowers.
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Lawalata, Marfin. "BANDA NUTMEG MARKETING CHANNEL ANALYSIS (Myristica fragrans Houtt) IN BANDA NEIRA DISTRICT, CENTRAL MALUKU REGENCY." Agric 31, no. 1 (July 21, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2019.v31.i1.p1-14.
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Banda export nutmeg and mace commodities which are rich in essential oils make this plant one of the export commodities on the international market. Banda Neira with the sub-district center located on the island of Neira is one of the Districts in Central Maluku Regency which has the highest amount of nutmeg production, and is a natural spice of the Banda Islands and is known as the nutmeg Banda. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing channel Banda in Banda Neira District, Central Maluku Regency. Sampling uses the random sampling method using a lottery. The data analysis method used is a quantitative analysis approach. The results showed that the in-depth knowledge of farmers about the handling of lean crops coupled with the discovery of aflatoxin which resulted in Banda nutmeg being rejected by international markets, this became a dilemma for exporters whose focus was on small farmers who in their post-harvest processing did not meet international quality standards. This is also triggered by the share received by farmers as the main marketing actor, which is much smaller than other marketing institutions that contribute to the Banda nutmeg marketing chain, so that handling and marketing seems not right, and strategies for more efficient marketing channel analysis are needed that is through the role of marketing institutions involved in developing and marketing nutmeg commodities. There was 70 percent of respondents (42 people) involved in the short marketing channel, through subdistrict traders and 30 percent (18 people) farmers engaged in the long marketing channel through village collectors with different levels of prices charged by each marketing agency.
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Simon Girop Aristoteles Tututurop, Kunto Wibowo, and Martua Hutabarat. "TINGKAT PENERAPAN PETANI PALA TENTANG KUALITAS PRODUK PALA (BIJI DAN FULI) DI DISTRIK TELUK PATIPI KABUPATEN FAKFAK." Sosio Agri Papua 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/sap.v10i2.147.
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ABSTRAK Pala merupakan salah satu jenis rempah-rempah yang menjadi komoditi unggul di Kabupaten Fakfak dan telah diperdagangkan baik antara pulau maupun telah diekspor. Pengelolaan pala yang baik dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani pala. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui tingkat penerapan petani pala tentang kualitas produk pala, (2) manganlisis hubungan/pengaruh antara karakteristik petani pala dengan penerapan standar panen dan pasca panen untuk menghasilkan pala yang berkualitas. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan contoh secara purporsive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat penerapan Standar panen dan pasca panen pala di Kampung Sum, Puar Dan Adora dikategorikan “tinggi”, dimana komponen karakteristik/ciri pala matang merupakan komponen penerapan tertinggi yang diterapkan petani pala dalam standar panen sebesar 2,80 (tinggi), sebaliknya komponen penerapan pasca panen untuk komponen bentuk kemasan biji dan fuli pala adalah yang terendah sebesar 1,47 (rendah). Hasil dari Hubungan/pengaruh antara variabel karakteristik dan variabel penerapan yang memiliki hubungan/pengaruh adalah (a) sub variabel umur mempunyai hubungan/pengaruh terhadap penerapan standar panen dan (b) sub variabel penyuluhan memiliki hubungan/berpengaruh terhadap penerapan pasca panen. Kata kunci : Kualitas, Pala, Penerapan
ABSTRACT Nutmeg is one type of spice which is a superior commodity in Fakfak Regency and has been traded both between islands and has been exported. Good nutmeg management can improve the welfare of nutmeg farmers. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the level of application of nutmeg farmers regarding the quality of nutmeg products, (2) to analyze the relationship or influence between the characteristics of nutmeg farmers and the application of harvest and post-harvest standards to produce quality nutmeg. The method used is descriptive with a case study approach. The sampling technique was purporsive sampling. The results of this study indicate that the level of application of harvest and post-harvest standards of nutmeg in village Sum, Puar and Adora is categorized as "high", where the characteristic component or characteristics of ripe nutmeg is the highest application component applied by nutmeg farmers in the harvest standard of 2.80 (high). On the other hand, the post-harvest application component for the components of the packaging form of seeds and mace of nutmeg is the lowest at 1.47 (low). The results of the relationship or influence between characteristic variables and application variables that have a relationship or influence are (a) the age variable has a relationship or influence on the application of harvest standards and (b) the extension variable has a relationship or effect on post-harvest implementation. Keywords: Application, Nutmeg, Quality
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Triyana, Rahma, Thesa Andria Putri, Irma Primawati, Melya Susanti, Prima Adelin, and Salmi Salmi. "Efektivitas Larvasida Infusa Bunga Lawang (Illicium Verum) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti Instar III." Malahayati Nursing Journal 4, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 3130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i11.8018.
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ABSTRACT Star Anise (Illicium Verum) is a plant that is widely available in Indonesia which is commonly used as a spice, flavorings in drinks, and food flavor enhancers. star anise has the potential as natural larvicides. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of larvae infusion of star anise on the mortality of Aedes Aegypti larvae. This research covers the field of parasitology, especially in the Entomology section, the research was conducted at the Biomedical Laboratory of Baiturrahmah University, Padang. The research was conducted February - March 2020, the type of research used was experimental research using the Post Test Only Control Group Design. The affordable population of this research was Aedes aegypti instar III larvae which were obtained from the results of colonization in the Health Entomology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, the total sample needed is 560 larvae, data analysis using one way ANOVA test and probit test. Based on the results of infusion studies, star anise effectively kills larvae of Aedes aegypti instar III at a concentration of 32% to 100% within 24 hours, there is a comparison of the effectiveness of larvicides between the infusion of mace and commercial larvicides (abate). LC50 of larvae infusion of star anise is 7.775% and the LC99 price of larvae infusion of star anise is 53.674%. Evidently, there is a comparison of the effectiveness of larvicides between the infusion of star anise with commercial larvicides (abate). sig 0,000<0.05. key words : Aedes Aegypti Larvae, Star Anise Infusion, LC50, LC99 ABSTRAK Bunga Lawang (Illicium verum) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia yang biasa digunakan sebagai bumbu rempah, perisa dalam minuman dan penambah cita rasa masakan. Bunga lawang berpotensi sebagai larvasida alami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas larvasida infusa bunga lawang terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes Aegypti. Penelitian ini mencakup bidang ilmu parasitologi khususnya pada bagian Entomologi, penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik Universitas Baiturrahmah Padang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan Post Test Only Control Group Design, Populasi terjangkau penelitian ini adalah larva Aedes aegypti instar III yang di dapat dari hasil kolonisasi di Laboratorium Entomologi Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor, total sampel yang dibutuhkan adalah 560 ekor larva, analisa data menggunakan uji one way anova dan uji probit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Infusa bunga lawang efektif membunuh larva Aedes aegypti instar III pada konsentrasi 32% sebanyak 100% dalam waktu 24 jam. Terdapat perbedaan efektivitas larvasida antara infusa bunga lawang dengan larvasida komersil (abate). LC50 dari larvasida infusa bunga lawang adalah 7,775% dan harga LC99 dari larvasida infusa bunga lawang adalah 53,694%. Kata kunci: Larva Aedes Aegypti, infusa bunga lawang, LC50, LC99
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Mamuaja, Christine F., Frans Lumuindong, Frangky Jessy Paat, Welly A. Kaurow, Yoakhim J. E. Oessoe, and Frangky Rorong. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF REFINED OIL BASED ON MATURITY LEVEL AND DRYING TIME OF NUTMEG MACE (MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT)." Journal of Agriculture 2, no. 02 (September 15, 2023): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2831.
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This research aims to study and determine the level of full maturity and the appropriate and best drying time for nutmeg mace so that a high yield of mace oil is produced with physico-chemical properties that meet Buenther's criteria. Ripe nutmeg will produce good quality nutmeg and mace when used as spices for export. Apart from that, old nutmeg mace can still be used for its essential oil because the oil content is still quite high. To get nutmeg oil from the fruit when it is young, you can also get mace which has a high level of oil content. The water content in mace is quite high so it is easy for mold to grow and will affect the oil yield and possibly also the physico-chemical properties of the oil. This research is a factorial experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. Factor A, namely the maturity level of mace, consists of two levels, namely full young and old mace. Factor B is the drying time of mace with four levels, namely 0, 8,16 and 24 hours. Each treatment was repeated three times. The oven drying temperature was 40° C and distillation was carried out for 20 hours. The results of the research for each level of mace maturity gave significant differences to the yield, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation and acid number of the refined oil, while the length of drying of the mace gave a real difference to the physico-chemical properties of the mace oil. The best results obtained were young mace which was dried for 24 hours with the following characteristics, full water content of 6.77%, mace oil yield of 12.8889 ml/100 grams of material, specific gravity of mace oil 0.9255; full oil refractive index 1.4871; The optical rotation of the oil is (+) 6.3433 and the acid number of mace oil is 2.29.
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Spence, Charles. "Nutmeg and mace: The sweet and savoury spices." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 36 (June 2024): 100936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100936.
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Ihsan, Ihsan, Dirja Nur Ilham, Reza Ade Putra, Rudi Arif Candra, and Arie Budiansyah. "Design and Build a Multilevel Mace Nutmeg Dryer to Improve the People's Economy." SinkrOn 6, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v6i1.11171.
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Nutmeg is a source of income for some people in South Aceh, and some types of nutmeg, like mace nutmeg, are of better quality. Mace nutmeg is also an agricultural community with great economic value and benefits for humans, as it can be processed into spices and herbs. A range of products includes nutmeg oil and medicines. The harvesting and drying of mace nutmeg, which is still considered a problem by nutmeg growers, cannot be isolated from the processing of the basic ingredients. The natural process of drying mace nutmeg involves the use of sunshine, which necessitates a considerable drying time. Therefore nutmeg farmers frequently complain of erratic weather, especially during the wet season. The constant rain can cause the mace to rot, causing the nutmeg farming community's revenue to become unstable. Methods and steps of research work starting from the study of literature, determination of design specifications, hardware design, software design, toolmaking, tool testing.Good results were reached with the dryness of the mace nutmeg, which can be adjusted, and without putting into account the weather in the drying process, which is usually done with the heat of the sun, per the results of the testing of the designed tools.The average dryness of mace nutmeg is at a temperature of 45 percent with a time of 4 hours and a capacity of 100 grams; according to the test results of the automatic mace drying machine, it produces 50 grams of dry mace.
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Liu, Ketao, Robert N. Jacques, and David W. Miller. "Frequency Domain Structural System Identification by Observability Range Space Extraction." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802306.
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This paper presents the Frequency Domain Observability Range Space Extraction (FORSE) identification algorithm. FORSE is a singular value decomposition based identification algorithm which constructs a state space model directly from frequency domain data. The concept of system identification by observability range space extraction was developed by generalizing the Q-Markov Covariance Equivalent Realization and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm. The numerical properties of FORSE are well behaved when applied to multi-variable and high dimensional structural systems. It can achieve high modeling accuracy by properly overparameterizing the system. The effectiveness of this algorithm for structural system identification is demonstrated using the MIT Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE). MACE is an active structural control experiment to be conducted in the Space Shuttle middeck. Results of ground experiments using this algorithm will be discussed.
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HEFNAWY, YEHIA A., SABAH I. MOUSTAFA, and ELMER H. MARTH. "Sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes to Selected Spices." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 876–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.10.876.
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Ten spices were added separately to tryptose broth which was then inoculated to contain, per ml, 105 or 107 Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A or V7, respectively, and held at 4°C for 7 d. Strain Scott A appeared to be more sensitive to effects of spices than was strain V7. The population of strain Scott A was decreased to <10/ml in 1 d by 1% sage, in 4 d by 1% allspice, and in 7 d by 1% cumin, garlic powder, paprika, and red pepper. Black pepper and mace at 1% reduced but did not completely inactivate the population of strain Scott A, whereas 1% white pepper enhanced its growth. At 1%, only sage reduced the population of strain V7 to <10, but 7 d rather than 1 d of storage were required. At 3 and 5%, some activity against strain V7 was exhibited by allspice, mace, and nutmeg. Generally, the antilisterial effect of spices increased as the concentration in the medium increased from 1 to 3 to 5% .
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Mok, C. C., K. L. Chan, L. Y. Ho, and C. H. To. "POS0735 EFFECT OF OSTEOPOROSIS ON MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (MACES) AND MORTALITY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 651.1–651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1439.
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ObjectivesTo study the effect of osteoporosis on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and mortality in a longitudinal cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsPatients who fulfilled ≥4 1997 ACR criteria for SLE and participated in a cross-sectional study on osteoporosis in the year 2011 were studied. All patients had a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (Delphi densitometer; Hologic, Bedford, USA) performed between the years 2004-2008 and were followed in the rheumatology clinics by the same team of physicians. The incidence of new MACEs, which were defined as ischemic vascular events (acute coronary syndrome, stroke, peripheral vascular disease) documented by imaging and angiographic studies, was evaluated. Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to the presence of osteoporosis at baseline, which was defined as a DXA T score of <-2.5 or Z score <-2.0 at the hip, femoral neck or lumbar spine, or having a past history of fragility fractures. The effect of osteoporosis on the development of MACEs and mortality was studied by Cox regression analysis, adjusted for demographic characteristics, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, antiphospholipid antibodies and the use of medications.Results383 SLE patients were studied (age at DXA scan 40.5±13 years; 94% women; SLE duration 8.0±7.4 years). Osteoporosis at the hip, femoral neck or spine at baseline was present in 105 patients (13 with old fragility fractures) and 8 patients had osteopenia and past fragility fractures. The demographic characteristics, prevalence of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors and antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies (lupus anticoagulant or moderate/high titers of IgG-anticardiolipin antibodies) were not significantly different between those with osteoporosis/fracture (N=113) and without (N=270). Patients with osteoporosis/fracture were more likely to be using glucocorticoids (79% vs 62%; p=0.002) and mycophenolate mofetil/azathioprine/calcineurin inhibitors (58% vs 48%; p=0.08) but less likely to be treated with hydroxychloroquine (40% vs 51%; p=0.051) at baseline. Over a follow-up of 153±41 months, 44 new MACEs (acute coronary syndrome [n=19]; ischemic stroke [n=19]; peripheral vascular disease with digital gangrene/amputation [n=6]) developed in 42 patients. The incidence of MACEs was significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis/fracture than those without (1.59 vs 0.63/100 patient-years; p=0.001). The cumulative risk of MACEs at 3, 5 and 10 years was 6.3%, 11.7%, 14.7%, and 0.4%, 1.9%, 4.7%, respectively, in the osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis groups (log rank test; p=0.002; univariate hazard ratio 2.58[1.40-4.74]; p=0.002). In a Cox regression model, osteoporosis/fracture remained an independent risk factor for the development of MACEs after adjustment for age, sex, LDL level, atherogenic index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, past MACE, aPL antibodies, smoking, obesity and the use medications that included immunosuppressive drugs, aspirin/warfarin, statins, vitamin D and bisphosphonates (HR 2.41[1.25-4.67]; p=0.009). At last follow-up, 62(16%) patients succumbed (MACEs in 8 patients [vascular mortality], infective complications in 27 patients, cancer in 10 patients). Osteoporosis/fracture was associated with vascular mortality (HR 11.1[1.02-120]; p=0.048) but not with all-cause mortality (HR 1.55[0.89-2.68]; p=0.12) after adjustment for the same covariates in separate multivariate models.ConclusionOsteoporosis increases the risk of MACEs and vascular mortality in patients with SLE, which is not accounted by traditional vascular risk factors. Elevation of inflammatory cytokines in SLE that are common to bone metabolism and atherosclerotic vascular disease may be responsible.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Liu, Ketao, and David W. Miller. "Time Domain State Space Identification of Structural Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 117, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801121.
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An integrated time domain state space identification technique for structural systems is presented. This technique integrates the Observability Range Space Extraction identification algorithm, Balanced Realization model reduction algorithm, and Least Square model updating algorithm to generate low order and highly accurate state space models for structural systems based upon time domain data. The algorithms are integrated in such a manner that the Observability Range Space Extraction identification algorithm is used to generate an initial overparameterized state space model and then the Balanced Realization model reduction and Least Square model updating algorithms are used to iteratively reduce and update the model to achieve minimum prediction errors in time domain. We shall present the Observability Range Space Extraction identification algorithm and the Least Square model updating algorithm and discuss the integrated identification technique. The MIT Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE) is used as an application example. MACE is an active structure control experiment to be conducted in the Space Shuttle middeck. Results of ground experiments using this technique will be discussed.
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Yılmaz, Ahmet Seyda, Ömer Şatıroğlu, and Mustafa Çetin. "Fragmented QRS predicted major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease and percutaneous coronary intervention, 10-years of follow-up." Kardiologiia 62, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2022.1.n1679.
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Aim Identifying high-risk groups in patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) is critical for predicting future adverse events. fQRS has been shown to be related to major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) in patients with CAD. However, predictive value of fQRS for more than 5 yrs has not been evaluated. This study examined the predictive value of fQRS in patients with CAD and percutaneous coronary intervention during a 10‑yrs period.Material and methods Patients with CAD and percutaneous coronary intervention between March 2007 and May 2009 were included the study. An electrocardiogram was recorded following percutaneous coronary intervention and analyzed for the presence of fQRS. The fQRS pattern was defined as an additional spike inside the QRS complexes of at least two consecutive leads. Patients were followed for 10 yrs. A MACE was all-cause mortality or new-onset decompensated heart failure. Patients were divided into two groups according to presence or absence of MACE, and their clinical variables were compared.Results Of 1261 patients included in the study, MACE developed in 374 (29.6 %). MACE (+) patients were older (p<0.001), more likely to have diabetes mellitus (p=0.003), fQRS (p<0.001), and ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) (p<0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that age (p<0.001), STEMI (p=0.001), fQRS (p=0.017), and elevated serum creatinine (p=0.001) were independent predictors of MACE.Conclusion The presence of fQRS predicted MACE during 10 yrs of follow-up of patients with CAD and percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Wahyuni, Sri, Hadad E. A., NFN Suparman, and NFN Mardiana. "Keragaman Produksi Plasma Nutfah Pala (Myristica fragrans) di KP Cicurug." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 14, no. 2 (October 7, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v14n2.2008.p68-75.
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<p>Nutmeg known as a major spice in the world. The plant originated from Moluccas island of Indonesia. It is an evergreen tree with 4-10 m height and sometimes up to 20 m. The plant is a dioecious, start bearing fruit at 5 to 8 years after planting, and before reaching generative period it can not be distinguish whether the plant is a male or female plant. Nutmeg has an ovale to rounded fruit shape with 1-10 cm long with thin to thick fleshly fruit and creamy white colour. Nutmeg seed surrounded by arils which is famous known as mace, usually with red colour and the major constituent is myristicin. Collecting of nutmeg at Moluccas, North Sulawesi and Papua obtained 430 seeds from several different locality and the plant were planted with 8 m x 8 m space row at Cicurug garden Sukabumi-West Java, 500 m above sea level, in 1992 and 1993. So far the remaining plant were only 368 trees. Observation of nutmeg yield was carried out in 5 years (2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2005) to those collection to evaluate their yield variation and continuity. T-test were used to estimate the plant with better yield. Result showed that there were high variation in nutmeg fruit yield among and between locality represented value of variation almost 100%. Less than 50 plant have a relative yield continuity, moreover they were only 7 trees which has cumulative yield more than 4000 fruits/tree i.e. Bagea Yan Maliaro 213, Banda 11, Botol 137, Kupal 139, Patani 25, Patani 32, and Patani 33. The cumulative yield per tree ranged from 0-7808 fruits with the average 1195 nut/tree. Harvesting nutmeg fruit at Cicurug garden was done almost all year around, with the peak harvest in Mei to June.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pala (Myristica fragrans) telah sejak lama dikenal sebagai rempah utama dunia. Merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia, khususnya Maluku, pala tumbuh hingga tinggi tanaman 4-10 m dan kadang mencapai 20 m. Tanaman pala mulai berbuah umur 5-8 tahun, bersifat dioecious (berumah dua), sebelum fase berbuah, antara pohon jantan dan betina sulit dibedakan. Buah berbentuk bulat sampai agak lonjong dengan panjang antara 1-10 cm, berdaging tipis sampai agak tebal dengan warna daging buah krem putih. Biji dengan kulit biji keras dan diselubungi oleh salut biji (arilus) dan lebih dikenal dengan nama fuli, bersifat aromatik dengan kandungan senyawa utama myristicin. Eksplorasi pada berbagai daerah dan sentra produksi pala di kepulauan Maluku, Irian Jaya, dan Sulawesi Utara telah berhasil dikumpulkan 430 nomor pohon yang terdiri dari berbagai tipe yang didasarkan pada daerah asal koleksi. Tanaman ditanam tahun 1992 dan 1993 di KP Cicurug pada ketinggian tempat 500 m dpl, dengan jarak tanam 8 m x 8 m dan yang masih hidup 368 nomor pohon. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan terhadap produksi tanaman pala hasil koleksi tersebut untuk mengetahui variasi, distribusi, dan kontinuitas produksi. Pengamatan terhadap produksi dilakukan selama lima tahun produksi, yaitu tahun 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, dan 2005, kemudian dihitung keragaman dan kontinuitas produksinya dan dilakukan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh nomor berbeda dari tahun ke tahun. Tingkat produksi bervariasi, baik antartipe maupun dalam tipe yang sama dengan nilai keragaman 100%. Kisaran produksi buah per pohon secara kumulatif selama 5 tahun produksi adalah 0-7808 butir per pohon dengan rata-rata 1195 butir/pohon. Dari semua koleksi tanaman hanya 37 nomor yang mempunyai produksi relatif kontinu dan 7 di antaranya memiliki produksi kumulatif di atas 4000 butir per pohon, yaitu Bagea Yan Maliaro 213, Banda 11, Botol 137, Kupal 139, Patani 25, Patani 32, dan Patani 33. Panen buah pala berlangsung hampir sepanjang tahun, namun panen buah terbanyak terjadi pada bulan Mei-Juni.</p>
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Vladimirov, Yu S. "MACH PRINCIPLE AND SPACE-TIME METRIC." Metafizika, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2020-2-8-27.
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There are five arguments in favor of the statement that the metric (the concepts of lengths, intervals, time intervals) is determined by the influences of the entire surrounding world on the properties of the observed objects: 1) logical consequences of recognizing the relational nature of classical space-time and describing interactions based on the concept of long-range, 2) sequential relational interpretation of the Feynman - Wheeler absorber theory, 3) comparison of electromagnetic radiation densities and “scattering” galaxies, 4) mathematicians changing the axiom of Archimedes, 5) keeping the ideas of “metaphysics of light”.
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Akan, Rabia, and Ulrich Vogt. "Optimization of Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching for Deep Silicon Nanostructures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112806.
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High-aspect ratio silicon (Si) nanostructures are important for many applications. Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is a wet-chemical method used for the fabrication of nanostructured Si. Two main challenges exist with etching Si structures in the nanometer range with MACE: keeping mechanical stability at high aspect ratios and maintaining a vertical etching profile. In this work, we investigated the etching behavior of two zone plate catalyst designs in a systematic manner at four different MACE conditions as a function of mechanical stability and etching verticality. The zone plate catalyst designs served as models for Si nanostructures over a wide range of feature sizes ranging from 850 nm to 30 nm at 1:1 line-to-space ratio. The first design was a grid-like, interconnected catalyst (brick wall) and the second design was a hybrid catalyst that was partly isolated, partly interconnected (fishbone). Results showed that the brick wall design was mechanically stable up to an aspect ratio of 30:1 with vertical Si structures at most investigated conditions. The fishbone design showed higher mechanical stability thanks to the Si backbone in the design, but on the other hand required careful control of the reaction kinetics for etching verticality. The influence of MACE reaction kinetics was identified by lowering the oxidant concentration, lowering the processing temperature and by isopropanol addition. We report an optimized MACE condition to achieve an aspect ratio of at least 100:1 at room temperature processing by incorporating isopropanol in the etching solution.
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Byamukama, E., S. N. Wegulo, S. Tatineni, G. L. Hein, R. A. Graybosch, P. S. Baenziger, and R. French. "Quantification of Yield Loss Caused by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus in Winter Wheat Under Field Conditions." Plant Disease 98, no. 1 (January 2014): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0419-re.
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Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) infect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. The two viruses are transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella), which also transmit High Plains virus. In a field study conducted in 2011 and 2012, winter wheat cultivars Millennium (WSMV-susceptible) and Mace (WSMV-resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. Chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), grain yield (=yield), yield components (spikes/m2, kernels/spike, 1,000-kernel weight), and aerial dry matter were determined. In Millennium, all measured variables were significantly reduced by single or double virus inoculation, with the greatest reductions occurring in the double-inoculated treatment. Among the yield components, the greatest reductions occurred in spikes/m2. In Mace, only AUSPC was significantly reduced by the TriMV+WSMV treatment in 2012. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.05), negative linear relationship between SPAD readings and day of year in all inoculation treatments in Millennium and in the TriMV+WSMV treatment in Mace. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05), positive linear relationships between yield and SPAD readings and between yield and aerial dry matter in Millennium but not in Mace. The results from this study indicate that under field conditions, (i) Mace, a WSMV-resistant cultivar, is also resistant to TriMV, and (ii) double inoculation of winter wheat by TriMV and WSMV exacerbates symptom expression and yield loss in a susceptible cultivar.
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Mendhekar, Seema Yuvraj, Chetana Dilip Balsaraf, Mayuri Sharad Bangar, SL Jadhav, and DD Gaikwad. "Pharmacognostic, phytochemical, physicochemical and TLC profile study Mace (Aril) of Myristica malabarica Lamk. (Myristicaceae)." Journal of Phytopharmacology 6, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2017.6604.
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The plant Myristica malabarica Lamk. is traditionally used as a medicine and spices in food . It is belonging to family Myristicaceae. The plant is native to India and endangered trees are mostly found in western ghat. Extracted with various solvents by successive soxhlet hot extraction processs with increasing order of polarity on phytochemical investigation. The extract has shown alkaloids, saponin, tannin and flavones glycosides. It has important medicinal uses like Ayurvedic Medicines. It is traditionally used as anticancer, antiInflammatory, anti-Oxidant, Sedative hypnotics, Antimicrobial, Antifertility, Hepatoprotective and cytotoxicity. The chemical constituents such as Malabaricones, Malabaricanol, Isoflavones are isolated .Myristica Fragrans also known as fragnant Nutmeg or true Nutmeg. The present study i.e. Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Physicochemical and TLC Profile Study of Mace (Aril) Of Myristica malabarica Lamk. is helpful in the characterization of the crude drug. Physiochemical and phyto-chemical analysis of mace confirm the quality and purity of plant and its identification. The information collected is useful for further pharmacological and therapeutical evaluation of mace (Aril) Of Myristica malabarica Lamk. and anthology of quality control of crude drug.
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Akan, Rabia, Thomas Frisk, Fabian Lundberg, Hanna Ohlin, Ulf Johansson, Kenan Li, Anne Sakdinawat, and Ulrich Vogt. "Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching and Electroless Deposition for Fabrication of Hard X-ray Pd/Si Zone Plates." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030301.
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Zone plates are diffractive optics commonly used in X-ray microscopes. Here, we present a wet-chemical approach for fabricating high aspect ratio Pd/Si zone plate optics aimed at the hard X-ray regime. A Si zone plate mold is fabricated via metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and further metalized with Pd via electroless deposition (ELD). MACE results in vertical Si zones with high aspect ratios. The observed MACE rate with our zone plate design is 700 nm/min. The ELD metallization yields a Pd density of 10.7 g/cm 3 , a value slightly lower than the theoretical density of 12 g/cm 3 . Fabricated zone plates have a grid design, 1:1 line-to-space-ratio, 30 nm outermost zone width, and an aspect ratio of 30:1. At 9 keV X-ray energy, the zone plate device shows a first order diffraction efficiency of 1.9%, measured at the MAX IV NanoMAX beamline. With this work, the possibility is opened to fabricate X-ray zone plates with low-cost etching and metallization methods.
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Cameli, Paolo, Maria Concetta Pastore, Giulia Elena Mandoli, Mariangela Vigna, Giuseppe De Carli, Laura Bergantini, Miriana d’Alessandro, Nicolò Ghionzoli, Elena Bargagli, and Matteo Cameli. "Strain Echocardiography Is a Promising Tool for the Prognostic Assessment of Sarcoidosis." Life 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101065.
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Sarcoidosis is a systemic chronic granulomatous disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Although basic transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is not recommended for the assessment of sarcoidosis, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as more sensitive for the early detection of cardiac sarcoidosis and its outcome. The aim of the study was to assess the utility of left atrial and left ventricular longitudinal STE for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and sarcoidosis relapses. We enrolled 172 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis who underwent TTE and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). All patients were followed for a sarcoidosis relapse and MACE. During a median follow-up of 2217 days, 8 deaths, 23 MACE and 36 sarcoidosis relapses were observed. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly lower in patients with MACE (p = 0.025). LV-GLS < 17.13% (absolute value) was identified as a fair predictor of MACE. Concerning the sarcoidosis control, TTE revealed a reduction of the LV ejection fraction (p = 0.0432), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p = 0.0272) and global peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS, p = 0.0012) in patients with relapses. PALS < 28.5% was the best predictor of a sarcoidosis relapse. Our results highlight a potential role of LV-GLS and PALS as prognostic markers in sarcoidosis, supporting the use of STE in the clinical management of these patients.
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Hilsdorf, Ursula, and Leslie Gates. "Influences of a Classroom Setting on Students’ Artistic Processes." Visual Arts Research 47, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/visuartsrese.47.2.0067.
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Abstract This study uses Mace and Ward’s model of the artistic process as a theoretical framework to examine the art-making processes of students enrolled in an Advanced Placement (AP) art class in a public high school. Previous scholarship about the artistic process is grounded in the experience of professional artists and has not sufficiently attended to whether and how the artistic process of students in K–12 classroom contexts mirrors the work of artists outside school contexts. Data from classroom observations and interviews of AP art students suggests students’ processes were closely aligned to Mace and Ward’s descriptive model of the art-making process. The data also suggest that two major factors influenced students’ artistic process in school contexts: the influence of the teacher and working in a shared classroom space.
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Rema, B. Sasikumar, K. V. Saji, J. "A note on a seed sterile nutmeg from the secondary center of domestication." Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops 26, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/josac.2017.v26.i1.806.
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A unique nutmeg accession having normal fruit, but with rudimentary, sterile seed and finely packed mace having a human brain like appearance was collected from a farmer’s garden from the secondary center of domestication of the crop and characterized. Seed (female) sterility in a dioecious or emerging monoecious plant like nutmeg is hitherto not recorded and is a novelty. This unique accession is conserved at the germplasm conservatory of tree spices at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala.
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Tomoaia, Raluca, Ruxandra Ștefana Beyer, Dumitru Zdrenghea, Alexandra Dădârlat-Pop, Mircea Ioachim Popescu, Gabriel Cismaru, Gabriel Gușetu, et al. "Impact of Three-Dimensional Strain on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction Managed by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention—A Pilot Study." Life 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090930.
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Background: Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) allows simultaneous assessment of multidirectional components of strain. However, there are few data on its usefulness to predict prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objective of our pilot study was to evaluate the prognostic value of four different 3D-STE parameters (global longitudinal strain (GLS-3D), global circumferential strain (GCS-3D), global radial strain (GRS-3D), and global area strain (GAS)) in AMI, after successful revascularization by primary PCI. Methods: We enrolled 94 AMI patients (66 ± 13 years, 56% men) who underwent coronary angiography. All patients had been 3D-STE assessed and followed-up for 1 year for the occurrence of MACE. Results: A total of 25 MACE were recorded over follow-up. Cut-off values of −17% for GAS (HR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.39–6.92, p = 0.005), −12% for GCS-3D (HR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.36–6.8, p = 0.006), −10% for GLS-3D (HR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.36–6.78, p = 0.006), and 25% for GRS-3D (HR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.29–6.46, p = 0.009) showed moderate accuracy in MACE prediction. Multivariate regression showed that GAS (HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.03–1.16), GLS-3D (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26), and GCS-3D (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.23) remained independent predictors of MACE (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14 for GAS, and HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01–1.2 for GCS-3D). However, post hoc power analysis indicated adequate sample size (power of 80%) only for GAS and GCS-3D for the ROC curve analysis and for GAS, GCS-3D, and GRS-3D for the log-rank test. Conclusion: Patients with AMI might benefit from early risk stratification with the aid of 3D-STE measurements, particularly GAS and GCS-3D, but larger studies are necessary to determine the optimal cut-off values to predict MACE.
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Huang, I.-Ching, Yi-Jen Chen, Chia-Hsin Chen, Wei-Chun Huang, and Ko-Long Lin. "The Pre-Discharge Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope Predicts One-Year Cardiovascular Events in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients." Life 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091449.
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(1) Background: Heart failure is a complex disease leading to functional disability. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard in assessing aerobic capacity and formulating function-based prognostic stratification; however, patients with acute heart failure after medical treatment usually remain with markedly reduced exercise capacity, leading to early termination of CPET with submaximal testing results. The current study aimed to assess the cardiorespiratory fitness and characteristics of CPET variables of patients after acute heart failure treatment and determine potential CPET variables with prognostic value. (2) Methods: We recruited patients during hospitalization after management of acute heart failure, and pre-discharge CPET was performed. All enrolled patients were followed for one year for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). (3) Results: 85 patients were enrolled, with average left ventricular ejection fraction of 30.52%, and peak oxygen consumption of 10.85 mL/min/kg at baseline. The one-year MACE was 50%. Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was a significant event predictor, with lower one-year MACE in those with OUES ≥ 1.25 (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a 5.421-fold increased risk of MACE in those with OUES < 1.25 (p = 0.004). (4) Conclusions: The current results suggested OUES is a significant prognostic indicator in patients with acute heart failure. This also emphasized the critical role of CPET in patients with heart failure for prognostic stratification.
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Tuttle, Timothy D., and Warren P. Seering. "Vibration Reduction in Flexible Space Structures Using Input Shaping on MACE: Mission Results." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 1 (June 1996): 1500–1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)57879-9.
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Vikram, H. C., N. Mini Raj, and S. Krishnan. "Investigations on developing a key for identification of elite nutmeg tree." Journal of Plantation Crops 44, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i3.3166.
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<p>Nutmeg (<em>Myristica fragrans </em>Houtt.) is unique among tree spices, as the donor of two distinct spices; nutmeg and mace. Yield is a complex phenomenon in nutmeg. Fruit yield per tree is the targeted quantitative parameter which is dependent on several other yield related components. Hence, an attempt was made towards identification of an elite nutmeg tree using desirable characteristics which are easily measurable and recognizable. Forty six morphotypes of nutmeg selected from core collections in the Chalakudy river basin in Kerala in the age group of 15 years formed the material for study. These samples of nutmeg represented almost all nutmeg growing tracts of Kerala. The accessions were evaluated based on 51 qualitative and 38 quantitative characteristics and grouped based on similarities. Thirteen key quantitative characters were selected based on their impact on yield as well as commercial importance.The qualitative clusters were ranked based on relative best performance of the perceived key characters. Database was generated for the key characters and from this database, plausible value of each character was predicted. Accordingly, an elite nutmeg tree may be characterized as having the ideal characteristics with approximate values <em>viz</em>. tree height (8 m), canopy spread (E-W: 7 m, N-S: 8 m), number of flowers (6 per 10 cm2), fruit set percentage (37), number of fruits m-2 (19), fruit weight (81 g), thickness of pericarp (14 mm), dry mace weight (2 g), dry nut weight (10 g), kernel weight (7 g), ratio of nut to mace (6.6) and number of fruits per tree (3342). It is a simple key involving characters which are measurable and recognizable at the farmer level.</p>
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Shafiei, Zaleha, Nadia Najwa Shuhairi, Nordiyana Md Fazly Shah Yap, Carrie-Anne Harry Sibungkil, and Jalifah Latip. "Antibacterial Activity ofMyristica fragransagainst Oral Pathogens." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/825362.
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Myristica fragransHoutt is mostly cultivated for spices in Penang Island, Malaysia. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of flesh, mace and seed ofMyristica fragranswas evaluated the bactericidal potential against three Gram-positive cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutansATCC 25175,Streptococcus mitisATCC 6249, andStreptococcus salivariusATCC 13419) and three Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansATCC 29522,Porphyromonas gingivalisATCC 33277, andFusobacterium nucleatumATCC 25586). Antibacterial activities of the extracts was determined by twofold serial microdilution, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.25 to 640 mg/mL and 0.075 to 40 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained by subculturing method. Among all extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract of flesh has the highest significant inhibitory effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with mean MIC value ranging from 0.625 to1.25±0.00(SD) mg/mL;P=0.017) and highest bactericidal effects at mean MBC value ranging from 0.625 mg/mL to20±0.00(SD) mg/mL. While for seed and mace ofMyristica fragrans, their ethanol extracts exhibited good antibacterial activity against both groups of test pathogens compared to its ethyl acetate extracts. All of the extracts ofMyristica fragransdid not show any antibacterial activities againstFusobacterium nucleatumATCC 25586. Thus, our study showed the potential effect of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from flesh, seed and mace ofMyristica fragransto be new natural agent that can be incorporated in oral care products.
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AC, Wada. "Effect of Storage Time on Spiced Non-Alcoholic Beverage Made from Tiger-Nut Blends (Kunun Aya)." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 4, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000186.
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Kunun-aya is a traditional non-alcoholic beverage widely consumed in Northern Nigeria especially during the dry season. The beverage was prepared from tiger nut with the addition of spices such as cloves, date and ginger at different ratio of blends. The samples were stored at 4°C for 5 days and the effects of spices on their proximate, microbial and sensory properties were evaluated. Fresh tiger nuts and spices were purchased from Kure Ultra-modern market in Minna, Niger State. The tiger nut seeds were sorted and foreign materials, bad/cracked nuts, which may affect the taste and keeping quality of the drink were removed, washed and rinsed with portable water then soaked overnight to soften the fibre and to remove off-flavour. One kilogram of the fresh tiger nuts was blended several times into slurry with water. The slurry was pressed using muslin cloth to recover the extract. A 9-point hedonic scale was used to assess the sensory attributes of the spiced drink based on mouth feel, texture, taste, aroma, appearance and general acceptability. Five samples of the spiced drink were analyzed for total energy, crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, crude-fibre and moisture contents. Results of the proximate analyses revealed a range of 87.4-90.0% for moisture which was high. The crude protein ranged from 3.3-3.6 with t h e samples containing tiger nut and date b e i n g significantly different from the others. The fat content ranged from 2.5-4.8, while the energy and carbohydrate contents ranged between 56.6-71.7 and 1.74-6.1 respectively. The bacterial count of the Kunun-aya samples ranged from 1.2 - 9.2×104 CFU/ml and fungal count ranged from 1.2-9.0×104 CFU/ml on days 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Bacterial and fungal counts of the samples generally increased with the storage period and the samples with 20% inclusion of clove and 10% inclusion of ginger, clove and date respectively were the most acceptable among the treated samples. No significant differences existed among the treated samples in terms of mouth feel, aroma, taste, consistency and appearance. The study revealed a nutritious and acceptable spiced drink from tiger- nut which can serve as a substitute to alcoholic and carbonated beverages.
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Bajracharya, Gan B., and Sarbajna M. Tuladhar. "Brine-shrimp Bioassay for Assessment of Anticancer Property of Essential Oils from Spices." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (July 22, 2012): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6495.
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The potential anticarcinogenicity of essential oils from spices was investigated against brine-shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation. The lethal concentration at the dose levels 10, 100 and 1000 ìg/ml displayed high mortality towards actively swarming Artemia. Asafoetida (LC50 = 4.64 ×10–23 ìg/ml) and cumin oil (LC50 = 0.53 ìg/ml) were extremely toxic. Essential oils of ajowan, small cardamom, cinnamon, clove, coriander, cubeb, dill, fennel, ginger, mace, nutmeg, long pepper, rosemary, tarragon and thyme were shown high toxicity. While big cardamom oil and black pepper oil were displayed moderate toxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6495 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 163-170
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Hong, Lifeng, Jun Liu, Songhui Luo, and Jianjun Li. "Relation of myocardial bridge to myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 5 (March 5, 2014): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131480.
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Background Small case series have suggested an association of coronary myocardial bridge (MB) with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the relationship between MB and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between MB and MACE involving MI. Methods We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, and all EMB Reviews as well as a reference list of relevant articles according to the SPICO (Study design, Patient, Intervention, Control-intervention, and Outcome) criteria using the following keywords: myocardial bridging, myocardial bridge, intramural coronary artery, mural coronary artery, tunneled coronary artery, coronary artery overbridging, etc. Bibliographies of the retrieved publications were additionally hand searched. Studies were included for the meta-analysis if they satisfied the following criteria: (1) they evaluate the association of MB with cardiovascular endpoint event; (2) they included individuals with MB and those without MB; 3) they excluded individuals with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies were reviewed by a predetermined protocol including quality assessment. Dates were pooled using a random effect model. Results Seven observational studies that followed 5 486 patients eligible for the enrolled criteria were included from 7 136 initially identified articles. The prevalence of MB was 24.8% (1 363/5 486). During 0.5-7.0 years of follow-up of this cohort of population, crude outcome rates were 8.0% in the MB group and 7.7% in the non-MB group. The odds ratio of overall MACE and MI were 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-3.17, P=0.51, n=7 studies) and 2.75 (95% CI: 1.08-7.02, P <0.03, n=5 studies) respectively for subjects of MB compared to non-MB. Conclusion Relationship between MB and MI appears to be a real one, although the study did not reveal a connection of MB to MACE, suggesting whether the necessity of antiplatelet therapy needs to be further studied in a larger cohort of patients with MB prospectively.
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Arlianti, Tias, Desta Wirnas, NFN Sobir, and Otih Rostiana. "The Relationship of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Tidore, Ternate and Bogor Based on Morphological Marker." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 30, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.69-80.
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<em>Banda Nutmeg (</em>Myristica fragrans<em>), is one of Indonesia's main spices commodities. Maluku Island, North Maluku, Siau, and Papua are the center of origins and center of nutmeg diversity; whereas, Bogor is the largest nutmeg cultivation area in West Java. The diversity and relationship between Bogor nutmeg with Maluku nutmeg have not been studied, even though it is crucial for local varieties selection and seeds provision. The study aimed to determine the diversity and relationship of nutmegs from Tidore, Ternate, and Bogor. The experiment was conducted in eight locations: Tidore (Gurabunga and Jaya), Ternate (Marikurubu), and Bogor (Cigombong, Ciawi, Leuwisadeng, Sukajadi, and Tamansari) from November 2017 - December 2018. Materials used were 46 nutmeg accessions of 8 – 30 year old plants with good growth and known of their origin. The experiments were performed using direct observation methods on habitus, leaf, fruit, seed, mace, and flower followed IPGRI descriptor. The results showed that qualitative diversity was</em> <em>observed in the fruit shape, shape of fruit-based and fruit-tip, fruit color, and tree shape. Mace thickness was the most substantial diversity for the quantitative character (50.38 %). The difference within intra-population in all aspects observed was low, except for the fruit character and mace weight. The genetic relatedness of the Bogor population was closer to Ternate (60 %) than Tidore (46 %). The genetic relationship amongst five Bogor populations found to be very close. Further, Leuwisadeng, Tamansari, and Sukajadi populations were found to have the highest genetic relationship and similarity (80 %).</em>
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Doty, St B. "Space Flight and Bone Formation." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 35, no. 12 (December 2004): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200400840.
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Park, Ha-Wook, Sung-Ho Her, Jin Jung, Hyunji Chun, and Wook-Sung Chung. "Association of Glycosylated Hemoglobin with Long-Term Adverse Cardiac Events after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Non Diabetes and Controlled Diabetes Patients: An Observational Study from the Korean COACT Registry." Life 12, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111945.
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Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an established marker associated with cardiovascular risk, even if it is below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes mellitus (DM). However, whether or not prediabetic and controlled diabetic levels of HbA1c are associated with increased major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. This observational study included a total of 9128 patients who underwent PCI in the COACT registry from eight centers in Korea. A total of 2517 non-DM patients were divided into three groups (Groups I, II, III) according to their HbA1c levels and compared with 965 controlled DM patients (HbA1c < 7.0%, Group IV). During 22 months of median follow-up, there was no significant differences in MACE (p = 0.294) and cardiac death (p = 0.105) among the four groups. In addition, there were also no significant differences in MACE (p = 0.058) between Group III and Group IV. Although patients were diagnosed as DM, they had a similar prognosis in the same range of newly diagnosed DM patients in HbA1c, if they were treated well. The results of this study suggest that intensive treatment is required to reach the Hba1c target in diabetic patients with PCI in order to have a similar prognosis to patients not previously diagnosed with diabetes.
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Yakovlev, Alexey, Alexander Teplyakov, Elena Grakova, Sergey Shilov, Natalia Yakovleva, Kristina Kopeva, Valery Shirinsky, and Ivan Shirinsky. "Serum Cytokines as Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Cohort Study." Life 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030628.
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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently co-occur and this comorbidity represents a separate phenotype of HFpEF. While many research attempts are focused on biomarkers of HFpEF, currently, there is a lack of validated biomarkers of HFpEF and OSA. In this study, we aimed to evaluate prognostic significance of several serum cytokines in patients with HFpEF and OSA. The patients with HFpEF and OSA were recruited from the Sleep Apnea Center of Novosibirsk, Russian Federation and followed up for 12 months. The main analyzed outcomes were five-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). The analyzed cytokines were circulating IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF measured at baseline. We recruited 77 male patients with HFpEF and OSA, the data of 71 patients were available for analyses. Patients who developed MACE had four-fold elevated concentrations of serum IL-10. There was no association between baseline cytokine levels and longitudinal changes in 6MWT. Circulating IL-10 levels are positively associated with MACE in men with HFpEF and OSA and thus may be a potential prognostic biomarker in this subgroup of patients. These results should be confirmed in larger studies encompassing both males and females.
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Kim, Da-Hyun, and Gyu-Hyun Kim. "A Study of Pose Space Deformation Using RBF Solver and Delta Extraction - centering on the MAVE: character’s arm Mechanic -." Cartoon and Animation Studies 75 (June 30, 2024): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2024.75.153.
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Embacher, Franz. "Mach, Thirring & Lense, Gödel–getting dizzy in space-time." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 82 (November 1, 2007): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/82/1/012003.
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Duan, L., Q. Kang, Z. W. Sun, L. Hu, H. L. Cui, H. Lin, and G. P. Li. "The Real-Time Mach-Zehnder Interferometer used in Space Experiment." Microgravity Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12217-008-9006-7.
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