Academic literature on the topic 'Maastricht III'

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Journal articles on the topic "Maastricht III"

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Sanchez-Izquierdo Riera, J. A., C. Cisneros Alonso, R. García Guijorro, J. C. Montejo González, and A. Andrés Belmonte. "Donantes tipo III de Maastricht." Medicina Intensiva 35, no. 8 (November 2011): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2011.06.001.

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Claessen, Jacques, Gwenny Zeles, Sven Zebel, and Hans Nelen. "Bemiddeling in strafzaken in Maastricht III." Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht 15, no. 4 (December 2015): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tvh/1568654x2015015004003.

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Perera, M. Thamara P. R. "The super-rapid technique in Maastricht category III donors." Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 17, no. 2 (April 2012): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mot.0b013e3283510817.

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Lemoine, L., L. Neron, A. Hamidi, A. Leon, and J. P. Graftieaux. "Le Maastricht III : une modalité confidentielle de prélèvement d’organes ?" Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 33 (September 2014): A230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2014.07.388.

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Arnaez, J., F. Gómez, and S. Caserío. "Donación en asistolia controlada (tipo III de Maastricht) en pediatría." Medicina Intensiva 41, no. 6 (August 2017): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2016.10.012.

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Arnaez, J., F. Gómez, and S. Caserío. "Pediatric donation after controlled cardiac death (Maastricht type III donors)." Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) 41, no. 6 (August 2017): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medine.2016.10.009.

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Beato Garcia, S., M. Fiol, B. Etcheverry, L. Riera, J. F. Suárez, S. Gil-Vernet, and F. Vigués. "Kidneys from Maastricht category III: Does NECMO influence on DGF?" European Urology Supplements 17, no. 2 (March 2018): e1756-e1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(18)32069-4.

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Corral, E., J. Maynar, I. Saralegui, and A. Manzano. "Donantes a corazón parado tipo III de Maastricht: una opción real." Medicina Intensiva 35, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2010.09.004.

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Rubio, J. J., and D. Palacios. "Reflections upon donation after controlled cardiac death (Maastricht type iii donors)." Medicina Intensiva (English Edition) 40, no. 7 (October 2016): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medine.2016.04.007.

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Fernandez-Concha Schwalb, J., B. Etcheverry, L. Riera, M. Fiol, X. Bonet, J. F. Suárez, O. Bestard, and F. Vigués. "Maastricht III kidneys: Does donor age influence DGF or graft survival?" European Urology Supplements 18, no. 1 (March 2019): e1643-e1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(19)31193-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maastricht III"

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Areal, Calama Juan José. "Viabilitat dels empelts renals provinents de donants en asistòlia controlada (donants tipus III de Maastricht)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664385.

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Els registres nacionals documenten el creixement constant de receptors en llista d’espera per trasplantament renal, que veuen condicionat el seu pronòstic vital en aquesta situació, així com un cert estancament dels donants en mort cerebral. A tot l’estat s’han potenciat les possibles fonts d’empelts a trasplantar, en especial els donants vius i els donants en asistòlia. La donació en asistòlia controlada, presenta uns temps d'isquèmia calenta que poden afectar potencialment la viabilitat de l'òrgan, provocant una major funció retardada de l'empelt, fenòmens immunològics i una menor supervivència del mateix a llarg termini. A l’Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, a més d'incrementar l'activitat en el trasplantament de donant viu, a l’octubre del 2014 es va posar en marxa un programa de donació renal en asistòlia controlada tipus Maastricht III. Aquest treball retrospectiu (sobre tres anys de programa) estudia la viabilitat d’empelts i receptors de ronyons de donants en asistòlia controlada, registrant paràmetres com la fallada primària de l’empelt, funció retardada de l’empelt, evolució dels paràmetres funcionals, rebuig agut, supervivència de l’empelt, supervivència dels pacients i complicacions. També analitza quins factors del receptor, el donant i de l’acte del trasplantament han influït significativament sobre la viabilitat d’empelts i pacients. A la sèrie de l’HUGTiP, la fallada primària de l’empelt i la mortalitat dels pacients és lleugerament superior a la dels grups nacionals, probablement degut a la menor mostra. La funció retardada de l’empelt és un 10-20% millor i l’evolució dels paràmetres funcionals és lleugerament millor. A diferència dels grups nacionals, no es va perdre cap empelt als receptors vius dels que havien arribat a funcionar. Hi ha una gran majoria de pacients sense complicacions quirúrgiques remarcables i una taxa de rebuig acceptable. Els resultats fins al moment avalen la idoneïtat del programa de DAC MIII a l’HUGTiP.
The national registers document the constant growth of receptors on waiting list for kidney transplant (the vital prognosis of these patients are conditioned by this situation) as well as a certain slowdown of brain death donations. Throughout the country, the potential sources of grafts for transplant have been promoted, especially the living donors and non-heart beating donors. Controlled non-heart-beating donation (CNHBD) presents longer warm ischaemia times wich can affect the viability of the organ, causing a greater delayed function of the graft, immunological phenomena and a lower long term graft survival. At Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), as well as increasing the activity of living donor transplantation, a program of Controlled non-heart-beating donation Maastricht III type was launched in October 2014. This retrospective work (over three years of program) studies the viability of grafts and receptors after CNHBD, recording parameters such as primary graft non-function, delayed graft function, evolution of functional parameters, acute rejection, graft survival, patients survival and complications. We also analyze what factors of the recipient, the donor and the act of the transplant have significantly influenced the viability of grafts and patients. In the HUGTiP series, the primary failure of the graft and the mortality of patients is slightly higher than that of the national groups, probably due to the smaller sample size. The delayed graft function is 10-20% better and the evolution of the functional parameters is slightly better. Unlike the national groups, no functioning graft was lost among the live receptors during the follow up. There is a large majority of patients with no major surgical complications and an acceptable rejection rate. The results so far endorse the suitability of the CNHBD program at HUGTiP.
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Manciño, Contreras José María. "Implementación de un programa de donación en asistolia controlada tipo III de maastricht en el Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669641.

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Nuestro país sigue siendo líder mundial en donación y trasplantes desde hace 27 años. No obstante, la escasez de órganos sigue siendo un factor limitante para cubrir la necesidad trasplantadora. En la pasada década se observó una tendencia negativa en el número de donantes en muerte encefálica (ME) por lo que la Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) en el año 2008 inició un plan estratégico nacional, el “Plan Donación Cuarenta”, cuyo objetivo era mejorar las tasas de donación, mediante la activación y el desarrollo de nuevos programas de donación en asistolia (DA). El equipo de Coordinación de Trasplantes de nuestro centro implementamos un programa de DAC tipo III De Maastricht que entró en vigor el 14 de octubre de 2014. La creación del programa tiene interés tanto en el proceso de generación del donante como en los resultados de los trasplantes procedentes de dichos donantes. El donante en asistolia ha sido considerado un donante con criterios expandidos, en el que los tiempos de isquemia tienen relevancia en el funcionamiento de los injertos trasplantados. Realizamos un estudio observacional dividido en dos fases, una primera, retrospectiva, que comprendía los dos años previos al inicio del programa de DAC tipo III de Maastricht, y una prospectiva que comprendía los dos años siguientes al inicio del programa. En ambos periodos se registraron los potenciales donantes tipo III y los donantes en ME, así como los trasplantes renales realizados de donantes generados en nuestro centro. En el segundo periodo, además, se registraron los donantes tipo III. Los resultados muestran que el inicio del programa de donación tipo III en nuestro hospital ha supuesto un incremento del 124% en la actividad de la donación cadáver válida para el programa de trasplante renal, un incremento del 112% en el número de riñones válidos para trasplante (el 43% de los riñones válidos se generaron de donantes tipo III), y un incremento del 89% de la actividad de trasplante renal de injertos procedentes de donantes generados en nuestro centro. Al contrastar nuestros resultados con los publicados en la serie nacional, tanto la efectividad en el proceso de donación, la donación renal eficaz, como el porcentaje de utilización renal de los donantes tipo III fueron superiores en nuestra serie en comparación a la serie nacional. El número de donantes tipo III obtenidos fue el esperado según la previsión establecida en el primer periodo de estudio. La actividad de donación en ME se incrementó en un 13% en el segundo periodo, por lo que el inicio del programa no tuvo un impacto negativo en la donación en ME. Las tasas de negativas familiares a la donación presentaron valores semejantes en ambos periodos de estudio y similares a la serie nacional, no habiendo influido el programa en la toma de decisiones de las familias. No se encontró asociación entre la función retardada del injerto (FRI) y otras variables como el tiempo de isquemia fría, tiempo de isquemia caliente o la edad del donante o receptor. Respecto a la serie nacional la FRI mostró porcentajes inferiores aunque sin significación estadística. Respecto al trasplante renal, únicamente el hábito tabáquico del donante mostró asociación con una mayor FRI. A pesar que el tiempo de isquemia fría de los donantes tipo III fue claramente inferior al de los donantes en ME, no mostró asociación con la FRI.
Our country has been a world leader in donation and transplants uninterruptedly for 27 years. However, organ shortages remains a limiting factor to cover the transplanting needs. A negative trend in the number of donation after brain death (DBD) was observed in the middle of the past decade, and The Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) in 2008 it launched a national strategic plan, the so-called "Plan Donación Cuarenta”, which aimed to improve donation rates, by developing new programs of donation after circulatory death (DCD). Our centre's Transplant Coordination Team implemented a Type III DCD programme which commenced on October 14, 2014. The creation of such a program has an interest in both the donor generation process and the results of transplanted grafts from these donors. The DCD donors have been considered as donors with expanded criteria, where ischemia times are relevant for the subsequent functioning of transplanted grafts. We carried out a two-phase observational study. The first, retrospective, comprising the previous two years before Type III DCD programme started, and a prospective phase which included the two years following the onset of the programme. In both phase we analysed the potential Type III DCD, the DBD donors generated at our center, as well as kidney transplants performed from kidneys generated in our centre. Also, in the second phase, we recorded all the DCD donors. The onset of the controlled DCD type III programme in our hospital has led to a 124% increase in the activity of the deceased donation valid for the renal transplant program, an increase of 112% in the number of kidneys valid for transplantation (43% of the kidneys were generated from type III donors), and an 89% increase in renal graft transplant activity from donors generated at our center. Contrasting the results with those published in the national series, effectiveness in the donation process, effective renal donation and the percentage of renal use of type III donors were higher in our series than in the national series. The number of type III donors obtained was expected according to the forecast established in the first study period. The DBD activity was increased by 13%, so the inauguration of the program had a positive impact on DBD donors. The rates of family refusals to the donation presented similar rates in both study periods and similar to the national series, so the program seems not to have influenced family decision-making. No association was found between delayed graft function (DGF) and other variables such as cold ischemia time, hot ischemic time or donor or recipient age. The DGF in our series compared to the national series showed lower percentages without statistical significance. Regarding renal transplant results, only the donor's smoking habit showed association with increased DGF. Although the cold ischemia time of type III donors was clearly lower than DBD donors, it showed no association with the DGF.
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Le, Dorze Matthieu. "Les facultés éthiques des réanimateurs, l'ajustement et l'alignement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR033.

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Les réanimatrices et les réanimateurs sont amenés quotidiennement à accompagner la fin de vie. La réalité de leurs décisions et de leurs pratiques de fin de vie y est complexe impliquant de nombreuses personnes (le patient, ses proches, les soignants), de multiples éléments médicaux et non médicaux, et souvent plusieurs inconnues et incertitudes. L'intention de ce travail doctoral est, par une approche descriptive et analytique, d'expliciter cette complexité dans l'objectif de mettre à jour, par une approche normative, des facultés éthiques que les réanimateurs pourraient développer pour bien agir ou du moins pour agir le mieux possible. Ce travail s'appuie sur trois axes méthodologiques : un savoir expérientiel individuel, une réflexion collective et une démarche scientifique pluridisciplinaire associant enquêtes, recherches quantitatives et qualitatives. Il se déploie dans deux axes thématiques en explorant à la fois la qualification de l'obstination déraisonnable, la sédation profonde et continue et la déclaration de la mort dans le contexte ordinaire de la fin de vie en réanimation, et leurs reconfigurations dans le contexte plus spécifique du don d'organes Maastricht III. Cette fabrique de l'éthique structurée par la réalité concrète des situations cliniques conduit à mettre en évidence deux facultés, l'ajustement et l'alignement, construites et enrichies progressivement au cours de la réflexion. Seules des institutions attentives au développement d'un climat éthique apaisé sont à même de permettre aux réanimateurs de mobiliser ces facultés pour investir positivement les tensions liées à l'accompagnement de fin de vie et au don d'organes comme les objets d'une inventivité éthique sans cesse renouvelée
In routine daily practice, intensive care physicians are involved in end-of-life care. Their end-of-life decisions and practices are highly complex, involving many people (patient, relatives, and caregivers), a variety of medical and non-medical factors, and often a number of unknowns and uncertainties.The aim of this work is to describe and analyze this complexity with a view to highlighting, throw a normative approach, the ethical faculties that intensive care physicians could use to act well or at least as well as possible. This work is based on three methodological approaches: individual experience, group discussion, and a multidisciplinary scientific approach that includes surveys as well as quantitative and qualitative research. It is based on two different areas of research: The definition of “unreasonable obstinacy”, continuous deep sedation and the declaration of death in the everyday context of end-of-life in intensive care, and how these are reshaped in relation to the specific issue of controlled donation after circulatory death. This ethical process, based on the practical realities of clinical situations, provides the basis for two skills - fit and line. These skills are developed and improved step by step. It is only through organisations concerned with the development of a peaceful ethical climate that intensive care physicians will be able to use these skills to positively address the tensions associated with end-of-life care and organ donation as a subject of ongoing ethical creativity
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Books on the topic "Maastricht III"

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Ferrandis, Fernando Fonseca. Implicaciones jurídico-administrativas de la donación a corazón parado; a propósito del protocolo tipo III de maastricht. Aranzadi, 2019.

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Cano, Marta Riquelme, Raquel Alcaide Jiménez, and Cristina Palazón Carpe. Aspectos ético-legales de la donación de órganos en asistolia controlada tipo iii de la escala de maastricht. Bubok Publishing, 2020.

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Ici Maastricht!: Les Européens parlent aux Européens! Le Monde-Editions, 1992.

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Proceedings of the 2nd International Digital Congress on 3D Biofabrication and Bioprinting (3DBB) - Biofabrication, Bioprinting, Additive Manufacturing applied to health. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/ii.3dbb.2022.01.000.

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O 2nd International Digital Congress on 3D Biofabrication and Bioprinting (3DBB) é um evento Científico de Pesquisa e Inovação Tecnológica, sendo esta edição realizada por uma iniciativa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade de Araraquara – Uniara, com coorganização do Núcleo de Tecnologias Estratégias em Saúde da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (NUTES/UEPB) e do Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer (CTI). Esta segunda edição, realizada ainda de forma online devido as condições sanitárias atuais da pandemia do COVID-19, nos dias 23, 24 e 25 de março de 2022, teve como temas principais a Biofabricação e a Bioimpressão 3D, desta vez com a expansão dos temas voltados à aplicação da manufatura aditiva à área de saúde, sendo divididas em 10 áreas temáticas, dentre elas: Aplicação Clínica e Industrial, Bioimpressão, Biomateriais, Culturas celulares, Scaffolds, Dispositivos e Processos, Tecnologia da Informação, Dispositivos de Tecnologia Assistiva, Processos e estudos de materiais em Manufatura Aditiva e Normalização em Manufatura Aditiva. O arranjo entre a Uniara, UEPB e o CTI Renato Archer contou com a colaboração e participação de outras organizações de renome que ajudaram abrilhantar ainda mais esta 2ª Edição do 3DBB. Dentre estas, a Universidade de Wake Forest (EUA), a Universidade Maastricht (Holanda), a Universidade Tecnológica de Nanyang (Malasia), a Tissue Labs (Brasil/), a Universidade de Saga (Japão), a Universidade de Pisa (Itália), a Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), o Hospital da Restauração de Pernambuco – HR (Brasil), a Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), a Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) e a Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Foram oferecidos dois minicursos, um na área de Engenharia de tecidos e outro na área de softwares para desenvolvimento de dispositivos médicos, além da oportunidade de mostras de áudio visuais de laboratórios públicos que trabalham com Bioimpressão. Tivemos a participação de congressistas de quatro continentes, América do Sul, América do Norte, Ásia e Europa, com a apresentação dos artigos completos apresentados e publicados neste e-book. A culminância do congresso foi representada pela comunidade científica de alto padrão e diversidade, ao discutir tópicos relevantes e de cunho social aplicados a necessidade atual de expansão, reconhecimento, regulação e normalização da biotecnologia, bioimpressão e Manufatura Aditiva em geral no Brasil e no mundo. Adicionalmente, foi apresentado o painel “Mães na Ciência”, relevante para destacar falas de cientistas que se tornaram mães durante o desenvolvimento de suas pesquisas, expondo suas experiências com a maternidade neste cenário. Na expectativa de um ótimo aproveitamento do material apresentado, esperamos toda comunidade científica na próxima edição do 3DBB.
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Book chapters on the topic "Maastricht III"

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Lößlein, Horst. "Les ressources en compétition : les conflits concernant Saint-Vaast et Saint-Servais de Maastricht entre les grands et Charles III « le Simple »." In Haut Moyen Âge, 207–26. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.hama-eb.5.112179.

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Thomas, Anja. "CHAPTER III 1979-99 – The Maastricht period – Acting Europe." In Assemblée Nationale, Bundestag and the European Union, 94–151. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845290294-94.

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Arnull, Anthony. "The free movement of workers." In The European Union and its Court of Justice, 441–61. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199258840.003.0012.

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Abstract One of the objectives of the European Community is the abolition between Member States of obstacles to the free movement of persons and services. Part Three, Title III, of the Treaty contains three Chapters setting out detailed provisions for the achievement of that objective. Chapter 1 is concerned with the free movement of workers, Chapter 2 with the right of establishment and Chapter 3 with the freedom to provide services. Those provisions were supplemented at Maastricht by the insertion of a new Part Two in the EC Treaty entitled ‘Citizenship of the Union. ‘The subject of this chapter is the free movement of workers. The right of establishment and the freedom to provide services will be considered in the next chapter, while citizenship of the Union is dealt with in chapter 14. We shall see that many of the issues which the Court has had to confront in relation to the free movement of goods have also arisen in the field of the free movement of persons and services, although not surprisingly that field has also generated problems of its own.
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Hoyer, Werner. "Von Maastricht nach Amsterdam:." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 9–29. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.4.

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Dumke, Rolf H. "Historische Erfahrung und theoretische Erkenntnisse zur Frage einer Harmonisierung der Finanz- und Lohnpolitik und eines europaweiten Finanzausgleichs in der europäischen Währungsunion." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 213–22. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.16.

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"Zusammenfassung der Diskussion." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 168–80. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.14.

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Schmidt, Ingo. "Wettbewerbspolitik versus Industriepolitik in der EG." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 59–67. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.7.

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Gabrisch, Hubert. "Gesamtwirtschaftliche Anpassungsprozesse in mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern nach einem Beitritt zur EU." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 123–56. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.12.

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"Teilnehmerverzeichnis der 59. Jahrestagung (wissenschaftlicher Teil)." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 238–40. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.18.

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Schweickert, Rainer. "Harmonisierung versus institutioneller Wettbewerb zur Sicherung realwirtschaftlicher Anpassung und monetärer Stabilität in der Europäischen Währungsunion." In Maastricht II - Entwicklungschancen und Risiken der EU: Erweiterung, Vertiefung oder Stagnation?, 181–212. Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2k88hvf.15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maastricht III"

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ORGA-DUMITRIU, Gina. "CAPITAL MOVEMENTS VS. FREEDOM OF ESTABLISHMENT AND FREEDOM TO PROVIDE SERVICES IN THE CASE-LAW OF THE CJEU." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s02.02.

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The Treaty of Rome promoted a more cautious approach as concerns the free movement of capital in comparison with other fundamental economic freedoms. The recognized importance of the sovereign prerogatives of the states in the field of monetary policies explains why its original regulatory wording bears the signs of a reserved attitude and of an increased concern for the balance of powers distributed between the Commission, the Council and the Member States. The full liberalization of capital movements is the result of a legislative interventions in stages that culminated in the Directive of 24 June 1988 and the Maastricht Treaty, which laid down the free movement of capital not only in the relations between Member States but also in the relations with third countries. Thus, through a paradoxical dynamic, the capital movements enjoy a wider territorial scope compared to the other freedoms (of goods, persons and services) which are applicable only in intra-European cross-border situations (I). The study aims at analysing the recent interpretations of the Court of Luxembourg regarding particular illustrations of the notion of capital movements (II) and highlights the elements of added value regarding the delimitation of the free movement of capital from the freedom of establishment (III), and from the freedom to provide services (IV), respectively. In accordance with the reasoning of the Court, the provisions of Article 49 TFEU on freedom of establishment will be the ones that will apply, to the extent the shares held within a company allow the exercise of a definite influence on the decisions of a company. In exchange, the participations made only with the intention of making a financial investment, without the intention of influencing the management and control of the companies, must be analysed by reference to Article 63 TFEU on the free movement of capital. The distinction between the capital movements and the freedom to provide services provided in Article 56 TFEU arises in the presence of a regulation on the provision of financial services and proves to be much more delicate in practice. The national measure will only be examined from the perspective of one of these two freedoms if, in the circumstances of the case, one of them is entirely secondary to the other and can be linked to it.
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