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Brink, William D., Lorraine S. Lee, and Jonathan S. Pyzoha. "Values of Participants in Behavioral Accounting Research: A Comparison of the M-Turk Population to a Nationally Representative Sample." Behavioral Research in Accounting 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-52103.
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ABSTRACT The external validity of conclusions from behavioral accounting experiments is in part dependent upon the representativeness of the sample compared to the population of interest. Researchers are beginning to leverage the availability of workers via online labor markets, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk (M-Turk), as proxies for the general population (e.g., investors, jurors, and taxpayers). Using over 200 values-based items from the World Values Survey (WVS), the purpose of the current study is to explore whether U.S. M-Turk workers' values are similar to those of the U.S. population. Results show for the majority of items collected, M-Turk participants' values are significantly different from the WVS participants (e.g., values related to trust, ethics, religious beliefs, and politics). We present select items and themes representing values shown to influence judgments in prior research and discuss how those values may affect inferences of behavioral accounting researchers. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
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Suryo Ediyono, Tamara Gissela,. "PEMIKIRAN GERAKAN TURKI MUDA DALAM UPAYA MENJATUHKAN SULTAN ABDUL HAMID II (1876-1909 M)." Jurnal CMES 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.10.1.19864.
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<p>The purpose of this research are (1) to find the factors of the Young Turks Movement wanted to attempt the Sultan Abdul Hamid II and (2) to describe the consideration of Young Turk Movement in bringing down Sultan Abdul Hamid II. This study uses qualitative methods presented in descriptive. The technique of data collection was done through the study of library research. Books that became reference were book related to considerations of Young Turk and Sultan Abdul Hamid II. The author did data selection from the rest of the data obtained and then did the analysis. The results of the findings in this research are first, the Young Turks are movement against the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II which they regard as dictator. The Young Turk cooperated with liberal opposition to get rid of Sultan abdul Hamid II from his power. Second,the consideration of Young Turk Movement in bringing down Sultan Abdul Hamid II, is build a partnership with Zionism, replacing the Sultan, assault and murder.</p>
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Bastamitova, A. T. "Turkic games in the monument «Diwani lugat-it Turk» by M. Kashgari and their significance in the culture of the Turkic peoples." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 132, no. 3 (2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/26-16-6887/2020-132-3-20-30-35.
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The monument «Diwani Lugat at-Turk» M. Kashgari is a unique text that reveals the rich culture and language of the medieval Turks. The game is an important part of the culture, spiritual and practical activities of the Turkic people. The article is devoted to the analysis of the and the text of the monument, the author of the article explores equestrian and children’s games that were popular in the medieval era and have continuity with the modern games of the Turkic people. The significance of the article is shown in the fact that for the author through various language units identifies the main structural components of equestrian and children’s games, carries out language and historical and cultural analysis of games captured in the monument. These games include Shogen (Polo), zhambi ATU (archery), horse racing, games in asychki, games in nuts, hide and seek, games with animal horns. The last children’s game is a cultural definition of the monument, as it is characteristic only for that time. Keywords: M. Kashgari, «Diwani Lugat at-Turk», game, Polo, archery, horse racing, children’s games: jump games, nut games, hide and seek, games with animal horns.
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Zhang, James (Yibo). "The Impact of Vivid Graphical Presentation of Financial Information in Digital Annual Reports on Investors' Impressions of Management and Firm Performance." Journal of Information Systems 34, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-52533.
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ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of graphical vividness on nonprofessional investors' impressions of management and firm performance when the financial performance news is either positive or negative. Conducting a 2 × 2 between-participants experiment with 470 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk), I find that when the news is positive, nonprofessional investors have more positive impressions of management, which, in turn, leads to more positive impressions of firm performance when the graphical presentation is vivid versus pallid. In contrast, when the news is negative, presenting graphs vividly has little effect on nonprofessional investors' impressions. The study contributes to regulators and practice by demonstrating that allowing a high degree of presentation flexibility in digital annual reports has behavioral outcomes to nonprofessional investors' judgments and decisions. The study also contributes to the strategic disclosure literature by demonstrating the impact of graphical vividness in presenting financial performance information.
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Davlatova, S. "Animal Names in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and Their Use in the Modern Kyrgyz Language." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/49.
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The article is relevant in that it defines the modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and that reveals the level of use of animal names in the modern Kyrgyz language in M. Kashgari’s dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk. Research object is the Kyrgyz translations of M. Kashgari’s dictionary. The purpose of the article is to compare the names of animals in the modern Kyrgyz language and in the dictionary of Mahmud Kashgari Diwan Lughat at-Turk, to classify them according to the level of use, to identify some linguistic phonetic phenomena in the process of changing words. 1. Names of animals in the dictionary used in the modern Kyrgyz language with phonetic changes: teve (camel) — tyoyo, aiug (bear) — ayu, yylky (horse) — zhylky, yylan (snake) — zhylan, ud (cattle) — ui, azgyr (stallion) — aigyr, arslan (lion) — arstan, sychgan (mouse) — chychkan, sunkar (merlin) — shumkar, kochnar (ram) — kochkor, tonuz (wild boar) — donuz, kuiye (mole) — kyubyo, botok (baby camel) — boto, ukhi (owl) — uku. 2. Names of animals found in the dictionary, but not used in the modern Kyrgyz language, archaisms or historicisms: yoplen (a small animal like a mouse), arzhu (female jackal), kysrak (mare), atan (castrated camel), kyl kush (insect-eating bird), tytyr (female camel) and so on.
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Ahmed, Nazeer. "Beyond Turk and Hindu." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i3.1932.
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Beyond Turk and Hindu grew out of a collection of papers presented at a conferenceon "Islam in South Asia," held at Duke University in April 1995. Ithas 3 sections, 13 chapters, 8 photographs, 3 maps, 2 tables, a glossary, andan index. The book deals with the broad subject of civilizational interfaces inthe South Asian context. It belongs to the category of interfaith relations andis addressed to a general audience interested in the Hindu-Muslim dialectic.The authors do not accept the premise that interreligious differences inSouth Asia are set and irreconcilable. To quote the editor: "We vigorouslycontend that there is a larger point to make, namely, that the constant interplayand overlap between Islamic and Indic worldviews may be at least aspervasive as the Muslim-Hindu conflict ... " This position is a challenge tothose scholars who view India and Pakistan as embodiments of two separatereligious identities.Section One contains three essays on textual analysis to assess the samenessand otherness of identity formation. The authors do not avoid the controversiesthat are bound to emerge from the sometimes disparaging tennsused by Hindus and Muslims to refer to each other, or the animosities thathave emerged from the desecration of mosques and temples:Arabic and Persian use of the term Hindu had a range of meanings thatchanged over time, sometimes denoting an ethnic or geographic referentwithout religious content. Similarly, Indic texts referring to the invadersfrom the northwest used a variety of terms in different contexts, includingyavanas, m/ecchas,farangis, musafmans, and Turks. These terms sometimescarried a strong negative connotation, but they rarely denoted a distinctreligious community conceived in opposition to Hindus. In and ofthemselves, however, such terms tell us little. To understand the usage ofthese terms, one must move beyond the terminology itself- beyond Turkand Hindu - to analyze the framing categories and generic contexts withinwhich these terms are used.The authors illustrate the power of bidirectional cultural forces by offeringthe example of the Punjab's Bulle Shah and Bengal's mystical Satya Pir.Bulle Shah, a contemporary of Shah Waliullah of Delhi, lived in the late ...
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Davlatova, S. "Official Words in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and Their Relationship With the Modern Kyrgyz Language." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/65/61.
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The relevance of the research: defining the role of the modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and defining the development process of the Kyrgyz language. Purpose of the research: to analyze the types of official words in the written monument of the XI century in the dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari by types, to compare the facts with the modern Kyrgyz language and determine the level of their use. The object of the research is M. Kashkari’s dictionaries translated into the Kyrgyz language. The research was carried out using the historical-comparative method. The vocabulary of the dictionary has been studied in comparison with the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language. In some cases, facts from related languages were also used. As a result, the words in the M. Kashgari dictionary are divided into the following types: particles, after words, conjunctions, modal words. In addition, the level of use of official words in the dictionary of the modern Kyrgyz language was determined: words that occur in the dictionary and are used in the modern Kyrgyz language without semantic and phonetic changes: köp kök – kөpkөk, sap sarɪğ — yellow, qup–kup, çulq–chylk, ҫaq – dal, chak, üçün — for, etc.; service words used in the case of phonetic change: ҫɪm-chylk, la — yes, taky — one more, shu — chu, ärdi — so, birlän — with someone (something), yana — and so on; unused service words by their appearance in the dictionary: uș — exactly like, yama — yes, — yes, isrä — then, son, ärinç — maybe etc. Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari contains information about the history of the Kyrgyz language, historical lexicology, comparative study of the official words of the Turkic languages.
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Alashbayeva, J. N. "The ethno-cultural character of proverbs and sayings in the work of M. Kashkari’s “Diwan Lughat Al-Turk”." BULLETIN of the L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. POLITICAL SCIENCE. REGIONAL STUDIES. ORIENTAL STUDIES. TURKOLOGY Series 125, no. 4 (2018): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2018-125-4-92-96.
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Scully, Susan M., and Allison Cumming-McCann. "Book Review: Krotoski, D. M., Nosek, M. A., & Turk, M. A. (Eds.). (1996). Women with Physical Disabilities: Achieving and Maintaining Health and Well Being. Baltimore: Brookes, 482 pp., $42.95 (softcover)." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 44, no. 3 (April 2001): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003435520104400310.
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Nuraliyevna Rasulova, Nurkhon. "Classification Of Gastronomy Units." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue11-09.
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In this article, the units of gastronomy are classified. In the process of classification, attention is paid to the information about the dishes and foods of the Turkic peoples in M. Kashgari's "Devonu lug'otit turk". Gastronomy is an important part of the lexical richness of the peoples of the East, including the Uzbek people. It reflects the national qualities of the Uzbeks. Applying to gastronomic units is not only interesting but also very relevant in the study of the Uzbek language.
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Kolbaeva, Meerim, and Chinara Urdolotova. "RESEARCH AND DISSEMINATION OF NARRATIVE SKILLS AMONG TURKIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.194.14.
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The article analyzes the formation, development process and distribution of the “akyn- improviser” genre and its preservation among Turkic-speaking peoples such as Turkmon, Bashkurt, Tatars, Uyghur, Azerbaijan, Turk, Kyrgyz, Cossack, Uzbek. The name aitysh is pronounced in Turkmen as “aydışık” (aydyshyk), the Kazakh “aytys”, the Bashkurt “ayutish” ayish, the Uzbek “aytish”, the Tatar “utuşuu” (aytishү), the Uyghur anyuti, euti euti Turkmen “atyshma”. It also analyzes the genre identity, pronunciation, form, thematic features, similarities and differences with the Kyrgyz name. The genre of improvisation is analyzed depending on the specifics of the people. For example, the Uzbek improviser singer R. Mukhamediev, S. Nosirov, the Karakalpak people K. Bazarov, N. Davkaraev, the Turkish people Oguzkhan Aydin, Khasan Kutlusoy, the Kazakh akyn improvisers M. Auezov, S. Makunov, S. Seyfulina, E. Ysmayylova, X. Dosmugamed uulu, A. Baitursunova, M. Gabdullina, B. Kenzhebaev, A. Konuratbaev, Z. Akhmedov, M. Karataev, M. Zharmugamedov, S. Sadyrbaev and etc. the origins of formation, the development process, ideological and genre identity are analyzed.
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Russell, Alex M., and Adam E. Barry. "Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT-C within an Amazon Mechanical Turk Sample." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 4 (July 26, 2021): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.4.8.
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Objectives: Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has become a popular data collection tool in the addiction sciences. We sought to examine the psychometric properties of the AUDIT-C in an MTurk sample. Methods: Data collection was facilitated via MTurk (N=309; 52.8% female), where an online survey assessed demographic data, alcohol use behaviors (AUDIT-C), and alcohol-related consequences (CAPS-r). Responses to the AUDIT-C were subjected to a principal component analysis to evaluate the structure of the 3-item measure. Alcohol-related consequences were used as a measure of convergent validity. Results: Results provided evidence for a single-factor structure. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients between AUDIT-C scores and CAPS-r scores produced statistically significant results (r = 0.51, p < .001). Using biological sex-based suggested cut-off scores for the AUDIT-C, hazardous drinkers (M = 19.15, SD = 8.27) demonstrated statistically significantly higher levels of alcohol-related consequences than non-hazardous drinkers (M = 12.56, SD = 5.35; t(295) = -8.34, p < .001). Reliability and stability statistics demonstrated strong internal consistency. Conclusions: Results demonstrate the sound psychometric properties of the AUDIT-C for an MTurk sample and provide evidence supporting the use of AUDIT-C as a screening tool to be employed with digitally accessed populations to identify and reach hazardous drinkers.
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Bandyopadhyay, Prof Samir K., and Mrs Sunita Roy. "Face Recognition Using Eigen Face Based Technique Utilizing the Concept of Principal Component Analysis." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 8 (August 30, 2013): 1943–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i8.1470.
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Face recognition has been an active research area since late 1980s [1]. Eigenface approach is one of the earliest appearance-based face recognition methods, which was developed by M. Turk and A. Pentland [1] in 1991. In this approach we have to perform a lots of computations, which are not feasible with respect to time in many real time system. The concept of principal component analysis (PCA) is used in this approach to reduce the dimension and hence reducing the computation time. Principal component analysis [4] decomposes face images into a small set of characteristic feature images called eigen faces.
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Yi, Jinfeng, Rong Jin, Shaili Jain, and Anil Jain. "Inferring Users’ Preferences from Crowdsourced Pairwise Comparisons: A Matrix Completion Approach." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 1 (November 3, 2013): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v1i1.13084.
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Inferring user preferences over a set of items is an important problem that has found numerous applications. This work focuses on the scenario where the explicit feature representation of items is unavailable, a setup that is similar to collaborative filtering. In order to learn a user's preferences from his/her response to only a small number of pairwise comparisons, we propose to leverage the pairwise comparisons made by many crowd users, a problem we refer to as crowdranking. The proposed crowdranking framework is based on the theory of matrix completion, and we present efficient algorithms for solving the related optimization problem. Our theoretical analysis shows that, on average, only O(r log m) pairwise queries are needed to accurately recover the ranking list of m items for the target user, where r is the rank of the unknown rating matrix, r << m. Our empirical study with two real-world benchmark datasets for collaborative filtering and one crowdranking dataset we collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk shows the promising performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
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Jang, Wooyoung (William), Kevin K. Byon, and Hyunseok Song. "Effect of Prior Gameplay Experience on the Relationships between Esports Gameplay Intention and Live Esports Streaming Content." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 8019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148019.
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This study examined the effect of prior experience with esports gameplay on its antecedents and consequences. Prior experience is considered a significant factor in consumers’ intention and behavior, and in gameplay engagement it is considered the amount of gameplay time. While esports consumers are heterogeneous, only a few esports studies have been conducted. Thus, this study focused on prior esports gameplay experience to explain consumers’ behavior better and examine antecedents, esports gameplay intention, and live esports streaming content across two groups (i.e., high and low frequencies of esports gameplay). Data were collected via an online survey in Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk) from esports consumers who engaged in esports gameplay and live-streaming. One-third of the median cases were excluded to create two groups designated by weekly esports gameplay hours. The results revealed different patterns in the two groups. Specifically, esports gameplay had no effect on engagement in live esports streaming content for consumers who played esport games frequently. However, gameplay intention predicted live esports streaming content engagement successfully in the group who played infrequently. These findings contributed to (1) esports research by demonstrating consumers’ heterogeneity, and the (2) extension of technology acceptance and use research in esports engagement by identifying the role of prior gameplay experience.
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Kranton, Rachel E., and Seth G. Sanders. "Groupy versus Non-Groupy Social Preferences: Personality, Region, and Political Party." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171096.
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This paper replicates results that some people, when allocating income, are “groupy” and discriminate between in and out groups, but many show no such bias. The paper explores psychometric, demographic, and political correlates. In an M-Turk experiment, no “Big Five” personality trait relates to this individual difference. Gender, education, and political party are not predictive. Political independents, however, are more likely to be non-groupy, and participants in deindustrialized counties or Deep South Republicans are more likely to be groupy. The results indicate (i) psychological notions of personality do not capture this heterogeneity and (ii) groupiness might relate to political and social contestation.
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Whitley, Cameron T., and Thomas Dietz. "Turking Statistics: Student-generated Surveys Increase Student Engagement and Performance." Teaching Sociology 46, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x17721952.
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Thirty years ago, Hubert M. Blalock Jr. published an article in Teaching Sociology about the importance of teaching statistics. We honor Blalock’s legacy by assessing how using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in statistics classes can enhance student learning and increase statistical literacy among social science gradaute students. In addition, we assess whether using MTurk has an impact on student ability to make professional progress. We find that, compared to traditional teaching methods, using MTurk increased student performance, perceptions, and outcomes. In addition, using MTurk resulted in a measurable increase in statistical literacy. We recommend that instructors teaching statistics consider how MTurk or similar technologies can be used in their classrooms.
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M, Splonskowski, Binng D, Cooke H, and Jacova C. "A-026 Older Adults’ Likelihood of Participation in Home-Based Cognitive Assessment: The Role of Age, Geographic Location, and Income." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.026.
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Abstract Objective Recent implementations of teleneuropsychological services allow cognitive assessment to take place within the individual’s home. Geographic location and financial resources may influence older adults’ decision to access these services. Additionally, the likelihood of older adults’ participation in home-based cognitive assessment (HBCA) is unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between age, geographic location, income, and likelihood of participation in HBCA. Method A nation-wide sample of 483 adults ages 50–79 completed an online survey via the crowdsourcing website Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents were asked about age, income and geographic location (e.g. rural, urban, suburban). Income was categorically measured in $20,000 increments. Likelihood of participation in HBCA was measured using 4 likert-scale items. Total likelihood was calculated by summing items. Results Perceived likelihood of participating in HBCA increased with greater household income, B = .087, p = .001 (0-20 K: M = 13.08 ± 4.19; 20-40 K: M = 14.76 ± 3.39; 40-60 K: M = 14.55 ± 3.49; 60–80 K: M = 14.55 ± 3.38; 80-100 K: M = 15.11 ± 2.83 and > 100 K: M = 15.48 ± 2.55). Likelihood decreased with age, B = −.061 p = .025 (50–59: M = 15.03 ± 3.56; 60–69: M = 14.31 ± 3.52, 70–79 M = 14.29 ± 3.27). Likelihood was not related to geographic location B = −.005, p = .933 (rural: M = 14.52 ± 3.84; suburban: M = 14.48 ± 3.31; urban: M = 14.48 ± 3.56). Conclusion Adults aged 50–59 with high income were the group most likely to participate in HBCA. Geographic location does not appear to play a role in acceptance of HBCA. However, this survey was conducted with online respondents. Different results may be obtained with in-person samples.
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Bray, Jeremy K., and Steven R. Feldman. "An Analysis of the Perception of Psoriasis Symptoms and the Impact on Willingness to Seek Medical Attention." Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis 5, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2475530320928976.
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Background: Most people with psoriasis do not have a medical visit for psoriasis within a given year. Objective: To assess individuals’ perceptions of the impact of psoriasis symptoms and how this impact affects willingness to seek medical attention. Methods: A total of 302 subjects with self-reported psoriasis were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and surveyed via Qualtrics to assess the impact of psoriasis on their daily lives and willingness to seek medical care. Comparisons were made between subjects presented with either an image of mild psoriasis or severe psoriasis. Outcome measures were evaluated on a 10-point Likert scale and compared using 1-way analysis of variance and 2-group t tests. Results: In the mild and severe psoriasis groups, those who rated the impact on their daily life ≥8 (1-10 scale) reported a greater willingness to seek medical attention for their psoriasis ( M = 9.1, SD = 1.5) compared to those who rated the impact between 6 and 7 ( M = 7.5, SD = 1.9, P < .01) and between 1 and 5 ( M = 6.4, SD = 2.4, P < .01). Those who rated the impact between 6 and 7 ( M = 7.5, SD = 1.9) reported a greater willingness to seek medical attention compared to those who rated the impact between 1 and 5 ( M = 6.4, SD = 2.4, P < .01). Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis may not visit a dermatologist in part due to not viewing their symptoms as severe enough to seek medical attention.
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Clark, Danielle, Rebekah H. Nagler, and Jeff Niederdeppe. "Confusion and nutritional backlash from news media exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 18 (October 7, 2019): 3336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002866.
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AbstractObjective:To test the effect of news media exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats on levels of confusion, nutritional backlash and dietary intentions.Design:We conducted an online survey experiment between 11 and 28 February 2018, randomizing participants to one of six experimental conditions. Two ‘contradictory information’ conditions asked participants to read one news article on the risks of a low-carbohydrate diet and one article on the risks of a low-fat diet. Two ‘convergent information’ conditions asked participants to read two articles with similar information on the risks of one of these two diets. A fifth ‘established health recommendations’ control condition asked participants to read two articles on the harms of smoking and sun exposure. A sixth ‘no information’ condition served as a second control group. We used general linear models to test hypotheses on the effects of exposure on confusion, nutritional backlash and dietary intentions.Setting:USA.Participants:Adults (n 901) registered with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (M-Turk).Results:Exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats increased confusion and nutritional backlash compared with exposure to established health recommendations for non-dietary behaviours and a no-exposure control. Exposure to contradictory information also increased confusion compared with exposure to consistent nutrition information regarding carbohydrates and dietary fats.Conclusions:Contradictory nutrition information in the news media can negatively affect consumers’ attitudes, beliefs and behavioural intentions. Dietary debates that play out in the media may adversely influence both short-term dietary decisions and future efforts to communicate about unrelated nutrition issues.
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Cui, Ruifeng, Alaa Shalaby, Armando Rotondi, Amy Albright, and Judith Callan. "Age Differences in the Association Between Cardiovascular Disease, Depression, and Suicide Risk." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3559.
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Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent among older adults aged 60+ (75%). The literature shows a strong bidirectional association between risk for CVD and risk for depression, although there is limited research regarding whether the strength of this association differs by age. CVD may also be related to suicide risk; however, the literature is both limited and mixed, with studies inconsistently finding an association. Additionally, no known studies have investigated age differences in this relationship. The present study examined the association between CVD (assessed via diagnostic checklist), depression (PHQ-8), and suicide risk (SBQ-R), as well as whether these associations differed by age. The current sample consisted of 301 younger adults (aged 18-40) and 432 older adults (aged 60+) recruited online through Mechanical Turk (younger adults: 78.1% white, 46.5% female; older adults 91.4% white, 56.3% female). Older adults had more CVD diagnoses (M=0.9) than younger adults (M=0.3). The association between CVD (i.e., 1+ CVD diagnoses vs. 0 diagnoses) and mental health was moderated by age (depression interaction p<.001; suicide risk interaction p=.033). Among younger adults, presence of CVD diagnosis was associated with 85% higher depression symptoms (M=6.1 vs 11.3) and 48% higher suicide risk scores (M=5.8 vs 8.6) when compared to no diagnoses. CVD had less of a negative impact among older adults and was associated with 64% higher depression symptoms (M=3.1 vs 5.1) and only 14% higher suicide risk scores (M=4.3 vs 4.9). Providers treating CVD may consider assessing and addressing depression and suicide risk, especially among younger patients with CVD.
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Sun, Jing, and Ting Chi. "Investigating the adoption of apparel m-commerce in the US market." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2018-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine the key factors influencing the US consumers’ intentions to use apparel m-commerce. Design/methodology/approach An enhanced consumer’s apparel m-commerce adoption model was developed through integrating the existing e-commerce/m-commerce theories (i.e. theory of reasoned action, Technology acceptance model and diffusion of innovation theory). The investigated factors included nine independent variables – perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease-of-use, subjective norm (SN), personal innovativeness traits, security and privacy concerns, compatibility, observability, trust and past non-store shopping experience (PE), and five control variables – age, gender, education level, income level and ethnicity. The dependent factor is consumer’s intention to use (IU) apparel m-commerce. The primary data were gathered by an online survey of US consumers via Amazon Mechanical Turk. In total, 317 eligible responses were received. The applied statistical techniques were factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Findings The results show that the US consumer’s IU apparel m-commerce is significantly affected by PU, SN, compatibility and PE and education level. Overall, 67.3 percent of variation in the US consumer’s IU apparel m-commerce is explained by the developed model, which suggests a high explanatory power. Practical implications Companies should provide those functions and features on their mobile websites that enable consumers to easily find the products wanted and complete transactions efficiently. Companies should particularly target the consumers with innovativeness traits and/or those having prior non-store shopping experience. Enhancing the trust in m-commerce among the US consumers with higher education level could help companies attract more potential users. Elderly, female or lower income consumers could be the next business opportunities for apparel e-tailers. Originality/value As one of the first efforts made to understand the emerging apparel m-commerce phenomenon, this study empirically determined the key factors influencing the US consumer’s IU apparel m-commerce.
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Tripp, Hollie L., Justin C. Strickland, Melissa Mercincavage, Janet Audrain-McGovern, Eric C. Donny, and Andrew A. Strasser. "Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 10492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910492.
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Current text-only cigarette warning labels (long-term, loss-framed messages) may not motivate positive changes in smoking behavior. The current project was a cross-sectional study examining the effects of tailored cigarette warnings on perceived message effectiveness (PME) in adult smokers (n = 512) conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk) in January–February 2020. Participants were an average age of 40.7 (SD = 11.6), with the majority of the sample being female (62.2%) and White (88.9%). Participants reported smoking an average of 14.6 cigarettes/day (SD = 9.2) with an average FTND score of 4.6 (SD = 2.2). Participants were asked to complete a tobacco use history questionnaire, and mixed gambles and delay discounting tasks before random assignment to one of five message groups. The groups were based on a 2 (gain versus loss framing) ×2 (short-term versus long-term framing) between-subject design; a fifth group served as the control group. All experimental messages reported higher PME scores than the control (p values < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.88–2.48). Participants with shallower delayed reward discounting and lower loss aversion rates reported higher total PME scores, p values < 0.05. Our findings also suggest that loss aversion rates vary widely among smokers and that individuals are more responsive to messages congruent with their behavioral economic profile. Specifically, smokers who viewed messages congruent with their loss aversion and delay discounting rates reported higher PME scores than those who viewed incongruent messages (p = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 0.24). These preliminary findings suggest that anti-smoking campaigns may best impact smokers by tailoring messages based on individual loss aversion and delay discounting rates versus a one-size-fits-all approach.
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Goffredi, Shana K., Shannon B. Johnson, and Robert C. Vrijenhoek. "Genetic Diversity and Potential Function of Microbial Symbionts Associated with Newly Discovered Species of Osedax Polychaete Worms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 7 (February 2, 2007): 2314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01986-06.
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ABSTRACT We investigated the genetic diversity of symbiotic bacteria associated with two newly discovered species of Osedax from Monterey Canyon, CA, at 1,017-m (Osedax Monterey Bay sp. 3 “rosy” [Osedax sp. MB3]) and 381-m (Osedax Monterey Bay sp. 4 “yellow collar”) depths. Quantitative PCR and clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene sequences identified differences in the compositions and abundances of bacterial phylotypes associated with the newly discovered host species and permitted comparisons between adult Osedax frankpressi and juveniles that had recently colonized whalebones implanted at 2,891 m. The newly discovered Osedax species hosted Oceanospirillales symbionts that are related to Gammaproteobacteria associated with the previously described O. frankpressi and Osedax rubiplumus (S. K. Goffredi, V. J. Orphan, G. W. Rouse, L. Jahnke, T. Embaye, K. Turk, R. Lee, and R. C. Vrijenhoek, Environ. Microbiol. 7:1369-1378, 2005). In addition, Osedax sp. MB3 hosts a diverse and abundant population of additional bacteria dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria. Ultrastructural analysis of symbiont-bearing root tissues verified the enhanced microbial diversity of Osedax sp. MB3. Root tissues from the newly described host species and O. frankpressi all exhibited collagenolytic enzyme activity, which covaried positively with the abundance of symbiont DNA and negatively with mean adult size of the host species. Members of this unusual genus of bone-eating worms may form variable associations with symbiotic bacteria that allow for the observed differences in colonization and success in whale fall environments throughout the world's oceans.
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Zhang, Jing, and En Mao. "Can You Help Me Stay Fit?" International Journal of E-Business Research 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.309392.
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The main purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of consumer satisfaction on continuance intention to use wearable fitness devices. Building upon the IS Continuance Intention Model, the authors explored the effects of confirmation of ease of use, confirmation of perceived usefulness, positive and negative feelings, and perceived control on consumer satisfaction. The effects of health motivation and social influence on continuance intention were examined alongside satisfaction. Our model consists of twelve constructs and eleven hypotheses. An online survey was conducted among 216 Amazon M-Turk workers to collect data. The measurement model was first tested and validated. Next, structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses in the research model. Nine out of eleven hypotheses were supported. The model explains 50.1% of variances in continuance intention, and 63.9% of variance in consumer satisfaction is explained by the aforementioned factors. Both theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed in the context of wearable technology.
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Smith, Samantha, Moriah Splonskowski, and Claudia Jacova. "Self-Experienced Cognitive Function in the Digital Era: Are Older Adults at Risk of Subjective Cognitive Decline?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2775.
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Abstract Older adults often find it difficult to use everyday technology proficiently. We hypothesized that these difficulties would be exacerbated in those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), that is, self-perceived worsening of cognitive functions that has been associated with increased risk of future dementia. Here we investigated the relationship between SCD symptom burden and technology proficiency. A nation-wide sample of adults (N=483) ages 50-79 (66.5% female; 14.5% age >70) completed an online survey via a crowdsourcing website, Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey included the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q MyCog) (0-25, M=4.71, SD=5.77), questions about respondents’ proficiency with computer, smartphone, and tablet (4-12, M=9.72, SD=1.97), and the PROMIS depression (M=13.18, SD=6.32) and anxiety (M=13.04, SD=5.68) scales. Linear regression was used to examine the ability of technology proficiency to predict SCD score. We also probed the interaction of technology proficiency with age ( <70 vs. >70 years), and adjusted for covariates. We found that the age/technology interaction (B=-0.80), older age (B=7.49), lower education (B=-1.08), higher depression (B=0.20) and anxiety (B=0.16) symptoms predicted higher SCD burden (R-squared=.16). For respondents >70 years low technology proficiency predicted high SCD burden (B=-.79) whereas for those <70 years no relationship was found. Our study draws attention to older adults’ self-experienced cognitive function in the digital era. The association between low technology proficiency and SCD may signal the adverse impact of the digital era on those who experienced technology only later in life. It is equally possible that declining technology proficiency is an indicator of emerging neurodegenerative disease.
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Sorenson, Gregory P., and Mahesh K. Mahanthappa. "Reply to the ‘Comment on “Discovery of a tetracontinuous, aqueous lyotropic network phase with unusual 3D-hexagonal symmetry”’ by G. Schröder-Turk, M. Fischer and S. Hyde." Soft Matter 11, no. 6 (2015): 1228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02682a.
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Shepler, Dustin K., Mackenzie R. Glaros, and Jared W. Boot. "Minority Stress and Relationship Satisfaction Among Gay and Bisexual Men." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 26, no. 3 (2021): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn26.3.296.
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For gay and bisexual men, relationship status and relationship satisfaction have been linked to longevity, positive mental health, and life satisfaction. Factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction among gay and bisexual men were examined within the framework of Meyer’s (2003) minority stress model. Ninety-three gay, bisexual, and pansexual men who ranged in age from 18 to 60 years old (M = 32.14, SD = 10.01) were recruited in person and through Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete measures related to minority identity processes, identity characteristics, and relationship satisfaction. Most men were White (80.6%) with a high education level (58% had completed at least a bachelor’s degree). Multiple linear regression results were significant and indicated that 4 variables (identity concealment, uncertainty, centrality, and affirmation) explained about 40% of the variance in relationship satisfaction, F(6, 86) = 9.42, p ≤ .001 Findings suggest that Meyer’s model can be extended from explaining mental health to understanding relationship satisfaction. Results also draw attention to the role of identity affirmation and identity centrality, a somewhat unique contribution to this area of inquiry.
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İREVANLI, Sevil. "KUCHUM KHAN AGAİNST THE RUSSİAN OCCUPATİON OF SİBERİA." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 14, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/140219.
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When examining the Finn branch, one of the five main branches of the Turanians, it is seen that; The Finn branch separated from the Altai steppes in prehistoric times, much earlier than other tribes, by migrating to the north and west. It is seen that the language of the Turanians, their historical data and their current places are considered together; The first Turan people to come into contact with Europe are the Finns. In fact, when we look at the Turkish epics and written documents of the Irtysh River tribes, BC. It is a geography where Turks have lived and settled since ancient times. After the disintegration of the Göktürk Khaganate, of which the Kipchaks were an important element, it is seen that the Kimek clan united in Western Siberia, which was under its dominance, and then spread to the wide steppe area. Senior Siberian researcher M. A. Castren, in a letter he wrote to his friend from Nazımova in 1847, with his own irony; “You can say hi to Runeberg (a Swedish-language Shahname poet in Finland) from me. Consider the Kuchum Khan Empire, which has hitherto been the only Finnish state, as a suitable subject to study. Kuchum Khan himself was a Turk, but his effort in resisting Yermak and the relations of these two heroes are really worth processing in the poem," he wrote. The research results of the Castren era have since been repeatedly censored. Key words: Siberya,Ural-Altai, Kimek-Kipchaks, Kuchun Khan, Russian Attack, Censorhip.
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Chataut, Akankshya, Sarah Hubner, and Julie Blaskewicz Boron. "PATTERNS OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION IN MINORITY ADULTS: ASSISTIVE AND INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY USE DURING COVID-19." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2181.
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Abstract Literature suggests aging adults are more likely to be socially isolated, particularly given the COVID-19 pandemic. This has been associated with diminished well-being and increased morbidity and mortality. Assistive and interactive technologies (AITs) may help reduce isolation by bolstering communication. However, rapid advancement of AITs can create new barriers, especially for marginalized/underserved communities. The purpose of this study was to explore isolation and AITs in a majority-non-white sample. Data collected were part of a larger survey. Participants (N=80: Non-White=92.5%, Black=36.5%, Hispanic=36.5%) completed a Qualtrics survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents included younger (YA: N=34, ages:19-34, M=27.7±4.6), middle-aged (MA: N=27, ages:35-49, M=41.9±4.1), and older (OA: N=20, ages:50-70, M=57.6±6.5) adults. Surveys consisted of likert-style and free-response questions. Content analysis with inductive coding was performed independently by two reviewers. Qualitative results suggested most adults used AITs regularly. Phone-based functions (texting/calling, smartphone-use) were favored for communication between 2020-2021. These functions were the largest group reported for all ages, although YA reported them more frequently (65%) compared to MA (48%) and OA (59%). Data also suggested that people had more in-person interaction at the time of survey completion (majority September 2021), compared to one-year previous (46.4%). Increased distanced socialization negatively correlated with overall socialization (r(78)=-.231, p=.05). Results suggest that although AITs are widely used, they may not adequately reduce isolation, particularly for those relying on them for primary contact. This may be especially true for underrepresented adults. Future research should investigate if this trend is universal and if existing AITs are sub-optimal in specific populations.
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Wolfe, Hannah, and Derek Isaacowitz. "Emotional and Situational Acceptance Across the Lifespan: A Novel Scale." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 456–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1477.
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Abstract Self-reported emotional well-being tends to increase with age (Charles & Carstensen, 2007), but evidence for age differences in emotion regulation strategies is mixed (Livingstone & Isaacowitz, 2019), and the strategy of acceptance, in particular, is relatively understudied. Acceptance involves the deliberate decision to not alter a situation or one’s emotional response to it, and older adults report greater use of general acceptance (Shallcross, Ford, Floerke, & Mauss, 2013). Yet, no current scale distinguishes between situational and emotional acceptance; general acceptance is typically measured using a subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004), which assesses judgments of emotions and thoughts. Therefore, a 6-item measure of situational acceptance was developed and administered to 24 younger adults (age 18-25) and 30 older adults (age 55+) on Amazon Mechanical Turk, along with the KIMS accepting subscale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003). The situational acceptance scale achieved good reliability (α=.721) and significantly correlated with the MAAS (r= .301, p=.027) and KIMS (r= .466, p<.001). Older adults tended to rate themselves as significantly higher on situational acceptance (M=29.83, SD=5.17) than younger adults (M=25.13, SD=5.72; t=-3.171, p=.003), and this pattern held for the MAAS and KIMS. These results confirm prior work suggesting older adults engage in acceptance more often than younger adults and expand this finding to situational, not just emotional, acceptance. Furthermore, skills related to mindfulness and acceptance appear to greatly overlap and may increase over the lifespan.
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Jensen, Alexander C., Makayla K. Nielson, and Jeremy B. Yorgason. "The Longest-Lasting Relationship: Patterns of Contact and Well-Being Among Mid- to Later-Life Siblings." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (June 11, 2019): 2240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz083.
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Abstract Objectives Adults in mid to later life experience shrinking social networks, which may hinder well-being. Siblings may be important sources of social contact. Yet, little is known about adults’ patterns of contact with siblings and how contact is linked to well-being. Method Participants included 491 adults from across the United States (M age = 58.96, SD = 6.25; 68% female) recruited online via Amazon Mechanical Turk; they reported on their contact with their sibling in person, over the phone, via email, texting, and social media. Results Latent class analysis found evidence for four patterns of contact (classes) among siblings: low, medium, high, and traditional. Those with high contact reported greater life satisfaction than those in the other groups. Those in the high group reported lower self-rated health when they recalled being treated less favorably, relative to their sibling, by their mother as children. Discussion These findings suggest that differing patterns of sibling contact exist among older adults. In some cases, contact may promote well-being. In other cases, more contact may serve as a reminder of hurtful or painful past family experiences related to mothers’ differential treatment, in which case more contact may be linked to poorer health.
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Ma, Zhongmin, Sheng Zhang, John Turk, and Sasanka Ramanadham. "Stimulation of insulin secretion and associated nuclear accumulation of iPLA2β in INS-1 insulinoma cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): E820—E833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2001.
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Accumulating evidence suggests that the cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) manifests a signaling role in insulin-secreting (INS-1) β-cells. Earlier, we reported that insulin-secretory responses to cAMP-elevating agents are amplified in iPLA2β-overexpressing INS-1 cells (Ma Z, Ramanadham S, Bohrer A, Wohltmann M, Zhang S, and Turk J. J Biol Chem276: 13198–13208, 2001). Here, immunofluorescence, immunoaffinity, and enzymatic activity analyses are used to examine distribution of iPLA2β in stimulated INS-1 cells in greater detail. Overexpression of iPLA2β in INS-1 cells leads to increased accumulation of iPLA2β in the nuclear fraction. Increasing glucose concentrations alone results in modest increases in insulin secretion, relative to parental cells, and in nuclear accumulation of the iPLA2β protein. In contrast, cAMP-elevating agents induce robust increases in insulin secretion and in time-dependent nuclear accumulation of iPLA2β fluorescence, which is reflected by increases in nuclear iPLA2β protein content and specific enzymatic activity. The stimulated effects are significantly attenuated in the presence of cell-permeable inhibitors of protein phosphorylation and glycosylation. These findings suggest that conditions that amplify insulin secretion promote translocation of β-cell iPLA2β to the nuclei, where it may serve a crucial signaling role.
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Imangaliyev, A., and Z. Dukenbaeva. "Al-FARABI IN IBN KHALLIKAN AND AKZHAN AL-MASHANI WORKS." History of the Homeland 94, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2021_2_5.
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The Farabi scholar Akzhan al-Mashani, who proclaimed in Kazakhstan and Central Asia the name al-Farabi for the first time, the wise thinker of the East, occupies a unique place not only in science, but also in the world. Since the 50s of the XX century, he has been looking for documents and literature revealing the identity of al-Farabi and his creative heritage. As a result, Akzhan al-Mashani found «Kitab al-masalik wa al-Mamalik» Ibn Haukal, «Divani lukati at-Turk» M. Kashkari, «Waafiyatul a’iyanwa-anba’abna ‘al-zaman» Ibn Khallikan («Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch») and others. Main of Akzhan al-Mashani’s works «al-Farabi and musiс», «al-Farabi and Abai» tells about the medieval biographer Ibn Khallikan and his legacy. Two volumes of the unique heritage of Ibn Khallikan «Waafiyatul a’iyanwa-anba’abna ‘al-zaman» («Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch»), noted by the first Farabi scholar Akzhan al-Mashani, are kept in the funds of the National Center of Manuscripts and rare books of Nur-Sultan.The article considers a comparative analysis of the personality of al-Farabi in the writings of Ibn Khallikan and Akzhan al-Mashani.
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Yoon, Yeujun, Kevin Chastagner, and Jaewoo Joo. "Inner-Self vs. Outer-Self and Socially Responsible Product Consumption." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229362.
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This paper investigates how two fundamental consumer characteristics, self-esteem (inner-self) and status seeking (outer-self), influence consumers’ purchasing behaviors of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) products via two mediating effects: brand image and self-enhancement. In particular, we analyze these effects in two different CSR domains: environmental and social. By doing so, we are able to verify the underlying mechanisms of how different types of consumers respond to various CSR promotions. We propose a distinctive CSR consumption model incorporating both inner-self and outer-self components. We collected data from two countries, the US and China, using two commonly used online survey platforms: Amazon M-Turk and Loop Information Technology. Using structural equation modeling, our analysis in the environmental domain revealed that both inner-self and outer-self components play a significant role in consumers’ desire to purchase CSR products. Additionally, this process is mediated by the brand image of the firm and the tendency to enhance self-value. Interestingly, we found that in the social domain, self-enhancement mediated consumer characteristics and purchasing behavior of CSR product, whereas brand image did not. This indicates that environmental CSR activities increase brand value and its impact on purchase intention, while social CSR activities do not. Additionally, we found similar patterns for both US and Chinese consumers.
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Taylor, Emily, Sara Cloonan, Michael Grandner, and William Killgore. "719 Insomnia in Those Diagnosed with COVID-19." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A280—A281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.717.
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Abstract Introduction Recent meta-analyses suggest that as many as 75% of COVID-19 patients report sleep problems. Here, we sought to characterize this in terms of self-reported insomnia. We hypothesized that those endorsing a positive COVID-19 diagnosis would also report greater levels of insomnia than those with a negative diagnosis. Methods Between April and September 2020 we administered the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), each month to a total of 6162 English speaking adults in the United States ranging in age from 18–84 (M=36.2 years, SD=12.1; 53.9% female), recruited from all 50 states and the District of Columbia using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing platform. Data collections occurred cross-sectionally, approximately one month apart. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Results In total, 247 (4.01%) participants responded “Yes” to the question “Have you been formally diagnosed with COVID-19?” (male=128, female=119). Those reporting “yes” had a higher mean score on the ISI (M=14.52, SD=5.56) compared to reporting “no” (M=9.98, SD=6.55). Total ISI scores were higher for those who reported that they were diagnosed with COVID-19 than those that did not, χ2(1)=121.818, p=0.0001. Among those that reported that they were diagnosed with COVID-19, 57.11% had ISI scores indicating moderate to severe clinical insomnia compared to 25.42% of those who were not diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion Those who reported that they had been diagnosed with COVID 19 had greater insomnia compared to those without such a diagnosis. This could be due to greater stress and anxiety in those who had a positive COVID-19 diagnosis due to the many uncertainties surrounding the short and long-term prognosis as well as potential impacts on the individual’s family and workplace. However, it is important to consider the broader health picture of those diagnosed with COVID-19. This study is limited by the nature of the self-reported data, where we cannot verify a positive COVID-19 test. Causality cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional nature of this study. Future work will need to determine the extent to which sleep-related factors are due to biological versus psychological factors associated with the diagnosis of COVID-19. Support (if any):
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Kiess, Alexandra, Antje Körner, Ingo Dähnert, Mandy Vogel, Franziska Markel, Roman A. Gebauer, Wieland Kiess, and Christian Paech. "Does obesity have an effect on the ECG in children?" Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0539.
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AbstractThis review summarizes current data on influences of childhood obesity on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Studies on obese adults showed a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and also, partly pathological, ECG alterations. Data on ECG alterations in obese children is rare. In current studies, no pathological findings were found. All alterations, which mimic the later pathological phenomena in obese adults, were within normal ranges. Studies reported significantly longer P-wave time and P-wave dispersion (Pd) in obese children [Üner A, Doğan M, Epcacan Z, Epçaçan S. The effect of childhood obesity on cardiac functions. J Pediatr Endocr Met 2014;27:261–71.], no correlation of heart rate, P-wave, or QT dispersions (QTd) [Akyüz A, Alpsoy S, Akkoyun DC, Nalbantoǧlu B, Tülübaș F, et al. Effect of overweight on P-wave and QT dispersions in childhood. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2013;41:515–21.], significantly higher QTd in obese children [Yildirim S, Binnetoglu FK, Battal F, Aylanc H, Nazan Kaymaz N, et al. Relation between QT variables and left ventricular geometry in athletes and obese children. Acta Med Port 2016;29:95–100.], no significant association between obesity and QTc interval (QTc), but longer PR intervals, wider QRS duration and left axis shifting of frontal P-wave, QRS and T-wave axes [Sun G, Li Y, Zho X, Guuo X, Zhang X, et al. Association between obesity and ECG variables in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Exp Ther Med 2013;6:1455–62.], significant prolongation of QTc, T peak-to-end, and QTd in the obese children [Paech C, Liebold A, Gebauer RA, Wagner F, Vogel M, et al. Relative QT interval prolongation and electrical inhomogeneity of cardiac repolarization in childhood obesity. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2017;47:64–7.], slight shift to the left in the QRS axis (with no changes in the P axis), increased amplitudes of the left-sided leads in obese children, and no correlation of the heart rate with the weight [Paech C, Anhalt M, Gebauer RA, Wagner F, Vogel M, et al. New normal limits for pediatric ECG in childhood obesity? Influence of childhood obesity on the ECG. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 2018;48:119–23.]. Altogether, the study results are inconsistent. Clearly, pathological phenomena in the ECG of obese children were not reported: only preliminary stages like QTc prolongation within the norm were found. The pathological alterations seen in adult obese patients are not (yet) seen in childhood. The slight changes reported in childhood obesity are likely to manifest later and to develop into pathological phenomena in obese adults and, therefore, might increase the risk of cardiovascular events like arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in adulthood.
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Greenberg, Spencer, Danielle Brand, Aislinn Pluta, Douglas Moore, and Kirsten DeConti. "Nudging Resisters Toward Change: Self-Persuasion Interventions for Reducing Attitude Certainty." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 4 (June 28, 2017): 997–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117715295.
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Purpose: To identify effective self-persuasion protocols that could easily be adapted to face-to-face clinical sessions or health-related computer applications as a first step in breaking patient resistance. Design: Two self-persuasion interventions were tested against 2 controls in a between-subject randomized control experiment. Setting: GuidedTrack—a web-based platform for social science experiments. Participants: Six hundred seventeen adult participants recruited via Mechanical Turk. Intervention: The experimental interventions prompted participants for self-referenced pro- and counterattitudinal arguments to elicit attitude-related thought (ART) and subsequent doubt about the attitude. The hypothesis was that the self-persuasion interventions would elicit larger and more frequent attitude certainty decreases than the controls. In the experimental groups, we also predicted a correlation between the amount of ART and attitude certainty decreases. Measures: Changes in attitude certainty were measured by participants’ pre- and post-ratio scale ratings; ART was measured by the number of words participants used to respond to the interventions. Analysis: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), χ2, and correlation. Results: A goodness-of-fit χ2 showed that the number of participants who decreased their attitude certainty was not equally distributed between the combined experimental groups (n = 104) and the combined control groups (n = 39), χ2(1, n = 143) = 28.64, P < .001. Within each intervention, goodness-of-fit χ2 with a Bonferroni correction ( P = .01 or .05/4) indicated there were significantly more “decreasers” than “increasers” in intervention 1, χ2(1, n = 86) = 6.16, P = .01, but not intervention 2, χ2(1, n = 84) = 2.02, P = .16, the nonsense control, χ2(1, n = 42) = .22, P = .64), or the distraction control, χ2(1, n = 34) = .02, P = .89. A 1-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for intervention on mean certainty change ( F3,613 = 4.62, P = .003). Five post hoc comparisons using Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test indicated that the mean decrease in attitude certainty resulting from intervention 1 (M = −3.29) was significantly larger than the mean decrease in attitude certainty resulting from the nonsense control (M = −0.62, t = −2.72, P = .03), the distraction control (M = 0.11, t = 3.48, P = .003), but not intervention 2 (M = −0.87, t = −2.54, P = .06). Attitude-related thought was significantly correlated with attitude certainty change in intervention 1, r(158) = −.17, t = −4.28, P = .02, but not intervention 2, r(161) = −.002, t = −.03, P = .98. Conclusion: The implication for clinical practitioners and designers of health applications is that it may be worthwhile to let patients elaborate on their personal reasons for initially forming an unhealthy attitude to increase doubt about the strongly held attitude.
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Liao, Wang, Jingwen Zhang, Yoo Jung Oh, and Nicholas A. Palomares. "Linguistic Accommodation Enhances Compliance to Charity Donation: The Role of Interpersonal Communication Processes in Mediated Compliance-Gaining Conversations." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmab001.
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Abstract We address the link between communication accommodation and compliance gaining in momentary, mediated encounters, using Goffman’s theory of interaction ritual as a conceptual bridge. We report an online experiment of compliance-gaining conversations with 915 dyads of strangers recruited from Amazon M-Turk. The extent to which two strangers accommodated each other’s non-content linguistic features predicted their behavioral compliance—monetary donation to a charity. This accommodation–compliance link was (a) observed, to some extent, in both conversationalists in the dyads, albeit moderated by seeker–target role differentiation, (b) partially mediated by perceived warmth and competence, and (c) was robust against alternative mechanisms including compliance-gaining strategies, personalities, and demographics. We discuss implications regarding communication-induced influence in mediated conversations and related interpersonal communication processes in general. Lay Summary How can a fleeting online interaction bring about compliance, especially for prosocial causes such as charity donation? This article finds that compliance is increased when there is a legacy of cooperative interactions (i.e., successful interaction rituals) on the part of all conversation partners—not just the one who seeks compliance. Such interaction can be identified when the individuals start to coordinate and accommodate each other’s language use (e.g., using similar expressions or adopting similar linguistic styles). The research shows that since online conversations often rely on text-based communication that lacks other channels with which to signal cooperative interactions, coordinated language plays an important role in gaining compliance.
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Ståhl, Tomas. "The amoral atheist? A cross-national examination of cultural, motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, and their implications for morality." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): e0246593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246593.
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There is a widespread cross-cultural stereotype suggesting that atheists are untrustworthy and lack a moral compass. Is there any truth to this notion? Building on theory about the cultural, (de)motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, the present research investigated whether there are reliable similarities as well as differences between believers and disbelievers in the moral values and principles they endorse. Four studies examined how religious disbelief (vs. belief) relates to endorsement of various moral values and principles in a predominately religious (vs. irreligious) country (the U.S. vs. Sweden). Two U.S. M-Turk studies (Studies 1A and 1B, N = 429) and two large cross-national studies (Studies 2–3, N = 4,193), consistently show that disbelievers (vs. believers) are less inclined to endorse moral values that serve group cohesion (the binding moral foundations). By contrast, only minor differences between believers and disbelievers were found in endorsement of other moral values (individualizing moral foundations, epistemic rationality). It is also demonstrated that presumed cultural and demotivational antecedents of disbelief (limited exposure to credibility-enhancing displays, low existential threat) are associated with disbelief. Furthermore, these factors are associated with weaker endorsement of the binding moral foundations in both countries (Study 2). Most of these findings were replicated in Study 3, and results also show that disbelievers (vs. believers) have a more consequentialist view of morality in both countries. A consequentialist view of morality was also associated with another presumed antecedent of disbelief—analytic cognitive style.
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Adana, Filiz, Safiye Ozvurmaz, and Aliye Mandiracioglu. "Burden of caregivers of dementia patients and affecting factors in Turkey: A Systematic Review." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 72, no. 01 (May 7, 2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.2168.
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Objective: To determine the burden on the caregivers of dementia patients and the factors affecting the perception of it. Methods: The current systematic review was done in Turkey and comprised a search between October 2019 and March 2020 on Turkish and English indexes, including the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center database, Web of Science, PubMed, Education Resources Information Centre, Medline, SocINDEX, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Dergipark and Turk Medline. The key words used were ‘Demans’, ‘alzheimer’, ‘bak?m verenler’, ‘hastal?k yükü’, ‘dementia’, ‘alzheimer's’, ‘caregivers’ and ‘burden of illness’. Studies included were those having been conducted from 2010 to 2019 and which used the Personal Information Form, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Results: Of the 4,182 studies initially found, 502(12%) were accessed using Turkish key words, and 3,680(88%) using English key words. Overall, 16(0.38%) studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. There were 2,060 caregivers and 414 patients in these studies. A high number of variables affected caregiver burden. Patient-related variables reported in multiple studies included time spent on caregiving, dementia stage, patient's age and level of patient's dependence. Conclusion: The most frequently reported caregiver-related variables which increased caregiver burden were being female, younger age, being unemployed, older age, lower education level. Key Words: Dementia, Alzheimer's, Caregivers, Burden of illness. Continuous...
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Alnajjar, A., A. Hegazy, and N. Al Ghanim. "THU0588 TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS PRESENTING WITH UNILATERAL DIGITAL CLUBBING IN A 23 YEAR-OLD MALE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3859.
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Background:Takayasu Arteritis is a chronic, large vessel arteritis that commonly involves the aorta and its major branches, mostly the ascending/descending aorta, subclavian arteries, and carotids [1].Herein, we report a case of a 23 year-old medically free Indian male who presented to our hospital in acute distress complaining of cough, hemoptysis and shortness of breath for one week as well as intermittent fever and fatigue for five months. He presented with a BP of 140/100 mmHg as well was both systolic and early diastolic murmurs in the mitral and aortic areas, respectively. He also had a paraumbilical bruit and unilateral clubbing in the left hand with digital ischemia of the left index finger. Doppler ultrasound of the left arm showed monophasic flow pattern with low velocity in left distal radial, distal ulnar, and all digital arteries, except the second digital arteries; low velocity in the median artery; and no flow in the lateral artery of second digit (Figure 1). Computed tomography angiogram (CT Angio) (Figure 2) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed fusiform aneurysm dilatation of the thoracic aorta extending into the right braciocephalic and subclavian arteries as well as the right common carotid artery.Figure 1.Figure 2.Unilateral clubbing in patients with TA occurs as a result of subclavian artery stenosis that leads to tissue ischemia and hypoxia [2-4]. In turn, the bone marrow release megakaryocytes, which enter the systemic circulation when an A-V shunt exists [5]. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (release from megakaryocytes) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are highly expressed in the connective tissues of nail beds, leading to its proliferation and platelets clumps‘ accumulation [6, 7].Objectives:To report the fourth case worldwide and third case of an adult, respectively, with Takayasu’s arteritis who presents with unilateral clubbing.Methods:Our patient was started on pulse steroid therapy of methylprednisolone 1 gram IV od for 5 days and later switched to prednisolone 20 mg po BID. He also received methotrexate 10 mg PO once weekly and rituximab 750 mg IV stat; another dose of rituximab was given two weeks later.Results:His clubbing has significantly improved within 2 weeks of starting immunosuppressive therapy. He was discharged with follow up on methotrexate 12.5 mg PO once weekly and prednisilone 20 mg PO OD (to be tapered). Clubbing improved by a rate of 60% two weeks following discharge in two weeks.Conclusion:In all four cases of Takayasu arteries presenting with unilateral clubbing, patients’ clinical condition including presence of clubbing improved after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy.References:[1]Alibaz-Öner, F., Aydin, S. Z., & Direskeneli, H. (2015). Recent advances in Takayasu’s arteritis.European Journal of Rheumatology,2(1), 24–30.[2]Kaditis AG, Nelson AM, Driscoll DJ. Takayasu\’s arteritis presenting with unilateral digital clubbing. J Rheumatol 1995;22:2346-8.[3]Ishikawa M, Okada J, Kondo H. Takayasu’s arteritis with transient clubbed finger. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999;17:629-30.[4]Bivilibal M, Duru N, Dogdu G, Elevli M, Ayta S. A Takayasu’s Arteritis Case with Unilateral Digital Clubbing. Turk J Rheumatol. 2011;26(2):163–166.[5]Martínez-Lavín M. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;9(1):83-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 9110140.[6]Dickinson CJ, Martin JF. Megakaryocytes and platelet clumps as the cause of finger clubbing. Lancet 1987;2:1434-5.[7]Atkinson S, Fox SB. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play a central role in the pathogenesis of digital clubbing. J Pathol 2004;203:721-8.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Pearman, Ann, MacKenzie Hughes, and Clara Coblenz. "Information Seeking During the Pandemic: The Role of Age, Agency, and Fake News Concerns." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.080.
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Abstract COVID-19 brought rapid changes to the way in which people understand and process news, including both information and misinformation about the pandemic. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine persons’ experiences during the earliest months of the pandemic. The sample included 871 adults ages 20-79 (M=38.27 years, SD=11.40). Online surveys were collected between March and May, 2020 using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants completed a series of questionnaires, including a measure of agency from the Midlife Development Inventory, a questionnaire that assessed level of skepticism about the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. fake news beliefs), a depression scale, a question about their level of anxiety about developing COVID-19, and questions about the frequency in which they sought information about the pandemic from different sources (e.g., TV, social media). A multiple regression using information seeking frequency as the outcome variable revealed several significant relationships. Specifically, younger adults, people with higher agency, and people with higher fake news beliefs all reported higher levels of COVID-19-related information seeking. In addition, there was a significant 3-way interaction between age, agency, and fake news beliefs. Disentangling this interaction revealed that older adults with low agency were least likely to engage in information seeking. There were, however, no age differences in information seeking in participants with high agency and fake news beliefs, but large age differences in participants with low agency but high fake news beliefs. Findings suggest agency is an important predictor of information seeking behavior, particularly for older adults with high levels of skepticism about the pandemic.
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Roberts, Jennifer, and Molly Maxfield. "The Effect of Computerized Cognitive Training for Adults Over 40 with Dementia-Related Anxiety." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3125.
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Abstract Dementia-related anxiety (DRA) may occur when cognitive lapses are appraised as threatening. Individuals with DRA may seek activities to improve cognitive function, including popular computerized cognitive training programs like Lumosity©. We evaluated if DRA changed after eight weeks of Lumosity© use and whether changes were maintained over time. Participants aged 40 and older with pre-existing DRA participated via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (T1 N = 395; age M = 52.49, SD = 8.71) and were randomly assigned to the experimental (Lumosity© software), active control (Lumosity© crossword puzzles), or no treatment group. Participants completed measures of DRA at T1 and at four follow-up points (T2 = 8 weeks; T3 = 12 weeks; T4 = 16 weeks; T5 = 20 weeks). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to evaluate the change in DRA. A significant T1-T2 reduction in DRA occurred for the Lumosity© group only (p = .01, partial-eta2 = .03). Longitudinal changes were observed for the Lumosity© group only: DRA scores at T1 were significantly greater than at T2, T4, and T5 (ps < .05). A step-up test procedure was conducted to determine minimum treatment dose effects. A greater reduction in DRA occurred between the Lumosity© and crossword puzzle groups between 25.00 and 29.99 hours of software use (p = .05, partial-eta2 = .19). Lumosity© software outperformed crossword puzzles in DRA reduction from T1 to T2, which was maintained for 12 weeks post-software use. Independent of Lumosity’s intended purpose of supporting cognitive functioning, participants subjectively believe it helps and experience associated benefits.
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Cooke, Holly E., and Claudia Jacova. "A-161 Swiping Left on External Reminders, Internal Monitoring, and Recollections: Level of Importance Predicts Greater Likelihood of Prospective Memory Success during Smartphone Use." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.179.
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Abstract Objective This study aimed to understand the implications that smartphones have for prospective memory (PM) performance. We examined normal adults’ performance on an event-based PM task embedded in an online survey, and its relationship with the PM strategies used prior to the PM cue. Method Participants included 349 individuals aged >18— (M = 38.31; SD = 11.15); 62% male; non-Hispanic (83.38%); with education = HS diploma or less (8.31%), some college (12.61%), and college degree (79.08%)—recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants completed the survey on their smartphones. The PM task required participants to respond “N/A” to a question presented later in the survey. Follow-up questions were asked about the use of external reminders, internal monitoring, recollections, and level of importance participants attributed to the PM task. Results One third of participants were successful on the PM task. Of those who had PM success, 11.50% used external reminders, 53.10% used internal monitoring strategies, 62.83% had recollections, and 95.56% considered the task at least somewhat important to remember. Logistic regression revealed that non-Hispanic ethnicity, ≤ high school education, and high perceived importance predicted PM success (Table 1). Interestingly, 40% of individuals with PM failure used external reminders, showing a significant negative relationship with PM success. Conclusions We found that external reminders, internal monitoring, and recollections may make PM success less likely during smartphone use—strategies which were associated with PM success in previous research. Only perceived importance predicted PM success, akin to previous findings. Implications reveal that smartphones may change the demands of PM tasks.
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Gong, Xianmin, and Alexandra M. Freund. "It Is What You Have, Not What You Lose: Effects of Perceived Gains and Losses on Goal Orientation Across Adulthood." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (January 4, 2020): 2106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz163.
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Abstract Objectives Goal orientation tends to shift from predominantly striving for gains to maintenance and loss avoidance across adulthood. A dominant hypothesis states that age-related increases in losses drive the motivational shift. The present study tests this hypothesis and an alternative, namely that perceived accumulation of resources/assets and discrepancy between the actual and desired state underlie the stronger maintenance and loss-avoidance orientation in older than younger adults. Methods Data from N = 182 U.S. adult participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk (preregistered; 50.0% female; 19–77 years, M = 45.1, SD = 15.86) comprise measures of demographics, goal orientation in 16 selected life domains as well as perceived accumulation, losses, actual-desired discrepancy in the same domains. Results Multilevel modeling analyses showed that, as expected and confirming prior research, gain orientation decreased and maintenance orientation increased with age. Moreover, both perceived losses and accumulation of resources/assets increased with age, while the actual-desired discrepancy decreased. Larger perceived accumulation and smaller actual-desired discrepancies were associated with stronger maintenance orientation. Regardless of age, a smaller actual-desired discrepancy was also associated with stronger loss-avoidance orientation. Contrary to predictions, perceived losses were negatively associated with gain orientation, but not significantly associated with maintenance or loss-avoidance orientation. Discussion Results replicate the shift in goal orientation across adulthood. Speaking against the loss hypothesis, perceived accumulation of resources/assets and actual-desired discrepancy seem to play an important role in determining goal orientation over adulthood, while the role of perceived losses may be less significant than commonly assumed.
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Yuan, Jing, and Daniel Grühn. "Who Wants to Be Alone? Antecedents of Motivation for Solitude in Adulthood." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1535.
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Abstract Objectives: As an inevitable part of daily life, solitude has both positive and negative consequences which are moderated by one’s motivation for solitude. Self-determined motivation correlates with few psychological risks, whereas other-determined motivation correlates with higher risks (e.g., loneliness, depression, lower well-being). However, little is known about the antecedents of different motivations for solitude. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents of motivation for solitude in a sample with younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Methods: We recruited 468 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk and Introduction to Psychology class (age range: 17-70, M = 30.7, 50.4 % females). Preference and motivation for solitude were measured with the Preference for Solitude Scale and Motivation for Solitude Scale-Short Form. Age, sex, marital status, education level, living arrangement, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), civic engagement, social contact frequency, introversion, and empathy were measured as antecedents. Results: People with older age, higher empathy for fictional characters, lower personal distress, higher introversion, and females tended to have higher general preference for solitude. People with higher empathy for fictional characters tended to have higher self-determined motivation. People with higher empathy for fictional characters, lower empathic concern, higher personal distress, higher IADLs, and higher introversion were more likely to have higher other-determined motivation. Discussion: A person with an introverted personality, functional limitation, more negative empathic reactions towards others are likely to have maladaptive motivation for solitude and may need intervention. Future research should further investigate other antecedents for self-determined motivation.
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Teaster, Pamela, Cory Bolkan, and Shawn Meyers. "Pathways to and Consequences of Surrogate Decision-Making for Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2466.
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Abstract With a burgeoning aging population, there is a growing need for surrogate decision makers, yet oversight of and guidance for them remains inadequate. People needing surrogate decision makers are an especially vulnerable population because they rely on others for care and/or are unable to advocate for themselves. Their vulnerability leaves them susceptible to elder abuse (e.g., physical, sexual, psychological abuse; active and passive neglect; financial exploitation), which affects approximately five million older Americans each year. Personal, financial, and societal impacts can be devastating and are estimated to cost billions annually. The issue of abuse, neglect and exploitation by surrogates has been highly visible nationally, evidence indicates that some surrogate decision makers perpetrate abuse. One purpose of this symposium is to discuss ways in which surrogates do and do not make decisions for older adults. Ramsey-Klawsnik and Burnett present data at the systemic level to illustrate how self-neglect sequelae can result in placement under surrogate decision-making authority of either well-intended or opportunistic others. Bolkan, Teaster, Ramsey-Klawsnik, and Gerow present findings from a six-state study on surrogate decision maker victims and perpetrators who were substantiated in Adult Protective Services cases. Zhao, Katz, and Teaster show, using a survey of M-Turk participants, how a general population makes and is comfortable with surrogate decisions. Discussant Shawn Meyers will pull together the findings by exploring their translation to judicial best practices for making determinations regarding surrogate decision makers and the effects of their decisions on the surrogate as well as collaterals.
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Fenstermacher, Erika, Alexandria Ebert, Natalie Shook, Jerin Lee, Jenna Wilson, and Ilana Haliwa. "Dementia-Related Anxiety and General Illness Anxiety Differ Based on Familial Exposure to Persons With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.907.
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Abstract Dementia-related anxiety is a specific form of illness anxiety that has been associated with familial exposure to persons with dementia (FMwDs). However, it is unknown whether FMwDs is specifically associated with dementia-related anxiety or whether it is also related to general illness anxiety, which has broader health implications. Furthermore, the level of exposure to family members with dementia may matter. Thus, we examined whether level of familial exposure to dementia was related to general illness anxiety and dementia-related anxiety. Participants (N = 401) aged 18-76 years (M = 39) recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed an online survey. Dementia exposure was split into three levels: (1) not knowing a friend/family member with dementia (55.2%); (2) knowing a family member with dementia (33.9%); and (3) providing care for a family member with dementia (10.9%). Familial exposure to dementia was related to both general illness anxiety and dementia-related anxiety. Participants who provided care for FMwDs had significantly higher levels of illness anxiety than both people who had a FMwD and people who did not (ps < .001). Similarly, participants who provided care for FMwDs had significantly higher levels of dementia-related anxiety than participants who did not have a FMwD (p < .01). Caregivers play a critical role in the quality of life of those with dementia, however it is clear that the potential psychological impact of such work is pervasive. This study provides a foundation to explore differences between illness anxiety and dementia worry, and examine interventions to reduce anxiety among caregivers.
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M, Splonskowski, Smith S, and Jacova C. "A-025 Subjective Cognitive Decline and Likelihood of Participation Across Home-Based Cognitive Assessment Modalities." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.025.
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Abstract Objective Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are approximately twice as likely to develop dementia and less likely to seek cognitive assessment. Home-based cognitive assessment (HBCA) could reduce many practical and emotional barriers associated with in-person cognitive testing. We aimed to explore the relationship between SCD and likelihood of HBCA participation across various modalities. Method A nation-wide sample of 483 community-dwelling adults age 50 years and older (M = 63.61 ± 5.47) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing website, to complete a survey. SCD was measured using the SCD-MyCog Questionnaire. A score of 7/24 endorsed symptoms classified respondents into SCD and non-SCD. Likelihood of participation in HBCA was measured using 4 likert-scale items (e.g., “How likely would you be to participate in HBCA via computer?”). Total likelihood was calculated by summing items. Results Regression revealed SCD symptom burden predicted likelihood of participation in HBCA [F(1, 481) = 12.42, B = .097, [.043–.150], p < .001, r^2 = .025]. Likelihood was higher in SCD (15.25 ± 3.3) than non-SCD (14.23 ± 3.5). When looking at specific HBCA modalities, SCD were more likely than non-SCD to participate in computer and videoconferencing modalities (1.36 ± 0.6 vs1.68 ± 0.87, p < .001; 2.26 ± 1.11 vs 2.58 ± 1.16, p < .001). There was no relationship with iPad or smartphone modalities. Conclusion SCD endorsement was associated with increased likelihood of engagement in HBCA. It is possible that HBCA can help overcome barriers to help-seeking in this group. SCD may prefer videoconferencing and computer modalities.