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Academic literature on the topic 'M-cels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "M-cels"

Mesquita, Hilda de Souza Lima, and Ana Júlia Fernandes. "Variação de curta escala temporal de bactérias, plcofltoplâncton e nanoheterótrofos na região de Ubatuba - SP, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia 44, no. 1 (1996): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-77391996000100005.

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A variação temporal da comunidade microbiana (bactérias, picofitoplâncton total e nanoheterótrofos) nas águas de Ubatuba (23°S 45°W) foi estudada durante um período de 7 dias (de 27/02 a 04/03/1988). As amostras foram obtidas na termoclina, duas vezes ao dia (na estôfa da maré baixa e da maré alta durante o período diurno. A densidade de nanoheterótrofos variou de 0,9 a 3,5 x 10³ cels m-1 apresentando valor médio de 2,3 x 10³ cels m-1. Picofitoplâncton total foi representado principalmente por cianobactérias cocóides e sua denside de variocões de 1,0 a 7,6 x 10(6) cels m-1. O número de bactérias variou de 1,0 a 2,7 x 10 cels m-l . A população bacteriana apresentou um padrão de oscilação defasado em relação a variação das concentrações de CI a. O intervalo de tempo entre os valores máximos de Cl a e as densidades máximas de bactéria foi de aproximadamente 24 horas. No início do período de estudo, a interrelação entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias-picofitoplâncton foi caracterizada por uma oscilação inversa, sugerindo uma interação predador- presa. A partir do dia 02 de março as 3 populações variaram quase que em fase. As influências das condições meteorológicas, do movimento das marés e da predação por microzooplâncton e metazoários são discutidas. A despeito dos vários fatores que podem afetar as interrelações entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias- picofitoplâncton parece que o padrão observado não é errático e pode estar expressando uma intensa atividade predatória.

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Samper Prunera, Emili. "(Algunes) variacions sobre el diable: una proposta de catalogació de dues llegendes satàniques." Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular / Studies in Oral Folk Literature, no. 4 (December 17, 2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/elop2015107-120.

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En el marc del projecte «RondCat: rondalles catalanes», dirigit per Carme Oriol i Josep M. Pujol, i la catalogació de rondalles que no tenen correspondència a l’índex internacional d’Aarne-Thompson-Uther [ATU], es proposa la creació de dos tipus nous: C-103 («Dimoni, on vas?») i C-113 (La fondària del gorg). El punt de partida és l’estudi de la llegenda satànica fet per Josep M. Pujol l’any 1994 («Variacions sobre el diable»), així com el corpus recollit pel folklorista Cels Gomis i Mestre (1841-1915). La proposta de creació dels dos tipus inclou la relació de les versions catalanes localitzades fins al moment.

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Magalhaes, Roberto J. Pessoa, María-Belén Vidriales, Bruno Paiva, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Norma C. Gutierrez, Ramón García-Sanz, Juan F. Blanco, et al. "Multidimensional Flow Cytometric (MFC) Analysis of the Immune System of Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients Achieving Long Term Disease Control." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.810.810.

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Abstract Abstract 810FN2 Increasing evidence shows that a small fraction of MM patients (pts) treated with high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation achieve long-term remission. Interestingly, this is not restricted to pts in complete response (CR), since those that revert to a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) profile may also achieve long-term remission, despite the persistence of residual myeloma plasma cells (PCs). These results suggest that in addition to the anti-myeloma therapy, other factors may play a role in the control of the disease. Herein, we used 8-color MFC for detailed characterization of the structural components of the immune system and hematopoietic precursor cells (HPC) in paired bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from 26 MM patients in long-term disease control (LTDC): 9 in continuous CR and 17 who reverted to an MGUS profile and that subsequently showed stable disease without treatment for ≥5 years (median of 9 years; range, 5–19). As controls, paired BM and PB samples from 23 newly-diagnosed MGUS and 16 MM pts, together with 10 healthy adults (HA), were studied in parallel. In all BM and PB samples the distribution of the major T- (CD4, CD8, Tregs and γδ), NK- (CD56dim and CD56bright) and B-cell subsets (Pro-B, Pre-B, naïve and memory), in addition to normal PCs, dendritic cell (DC) subsets (plasmacytoid, myeloid and monocytic), monocytes, and CD34+ HPC (myeloid and lymphoid), were studied. The percentage and absolute count of each cell population was analysed in the BM and PB, respectively. Comparison of the two groups of MM pts with LTDC (9 CR vs. 17 MGUS-like) showed similar (p>.05) cellular profiles in PB and BM, except for an increased number of BM and PB normal PCs in CR patients (P≤.04). Consequently, for all subsequent analyses, LTDC myeloma pts were pooled together. When compared to HA, patients with LTDC had increased numbers of CD8 T-cells and CD56dim NK-cells in both the BM and PB (p≤.03 and p≤.01, respectively). Despite this, the distribution of BM and PB CD4, CD8 and γδ T-cells among LTDC patients was similar (p>.05) to that of both newly-diagnosed MM and MGUS cases; in contrast, BM and PB Tregs were significantly decreased vs newly-diagnosed MM (P=.03) and MGUS (P=.04). Regarding B-cells and normal PCs, LTDC patients showed increased numbers of BM B-cell precursors (both Pro-B and Pre-B cells) and normal PCs vs. newly diagnosed MM (P≤.05), but not MGUS, together with increased numbers of naïve B-cells vs. both MM and MGUS pts (P≤.01); all such cell populations returned to levels similar (p>.05) to those of HA. As expected, this also included the number of CD34+ B-cell HPC which was increased among patients who achieved LTDC vs MM (p=.02), at levels similar (p>.05) to those of MGUS and HA. Regarding DC, LTDC patients showed normal DC numbers in PB (but with higher PB myeloid-DC numbers vs. MM; p=.02), in association with decreased numbers of plasmacytoid DC and increased monocytic-DC in the BM vs. HA (p≤.04). No differences were found for the numbers of BM and PB monocytes. In summary, here we investigated for the first time the immune cell profile of MM patients who achieve long-term disease control. Our results show that, as newly-diagnosed MM, patients that achieve long-term disease control also show increased numbers of cytotoxic T-cells and CD56dim NK-cells; however, in contrast to newly-diagnosed MM, among LTDC patients such increase is associated with lower numbers of T-regs and an almost complete recovery of the normal PC, B-cell precursor and naïve B-cell compartments both in BM and PB. Further investigations on the activation and functional status of these cell populations are warranted.MO (%)/SP (cels./μl)HA N= 10MGUS N= 23MM N= 16LTDC-MM N= 26T cells9.588110.6117313113711926 CD4+4.85004.6624^6*5085463 CD8+3.7∼216∼4.63865.32645.3431 TCR γδ.2426.3230.2428.3421 Treg.4137.4141^.54*38.3432NK cells.7∼87∼1.51982.11721.6212 CD56 dim.65∼79∼1.41922.21681.6202B cells2.81471.8104.97*68*1.9160 Pro B.11—.06—.02*—.07— Pre B.6—.4—.08—.23— Naive SP—80—57^—36*—118 Normal-PCS.18.9.11.7.008.72*.11.84DCs.3449.3653.6848.558 Monocytes2.22472.42853.43023.1315 m-DC SP—11—14—8*—12 MO-DC.11∼29.2036.434.2837 p-DC.2∼4.1.145.112.8.123.8CD34+.9∼1.46.61.1.261.4.431.4 Mie-HPC.8∼—.53—.26—.36— Linfo-HPC.1—.07—.03*—.05—*p≤.05 LTDC vs MM: ^ p≤.05 LTDC vs MGUS; ∼ p≤.05 LTDC vs HA Disclosures: Paiva: Jansen-Cillag: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Martinez:Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Maiolino:Centocor Ortho Biotech Research & Development: Research Funding.

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Setlow, Jane K. "Genetics in Chinese Hamster Cells Molecular Cell Genetics M. M. Gottesman." BioScience 36, no. 10 (November 1986): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310394.

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Kanaya, Takashi, Kohtaro Miyazawa, Ikuro Takakura, Wataru Itani, Kouichi Watanabe, Shyuichi Ohwada, Haruki Kitazawa, et al. "Differentiation of a murine intestinal epithelial cell line (MIE) toward the M cell lineage." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295, no. 2 (August 2008): G273—G284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00378.2007.

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M cells are a kind of intestinal epithelial cell in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches. These cells can transport antigens and microorganisms into underlying lymphoid tissues. Despite the important role of M cells in mucosal immune responses, the origin and mechanisms of differentiation as well as cell death of M cells remain unclear. To clarify the mechanism of M cell differentiation, we established a novel murine intestinal epithelial cell line (MIE) from the C57BL/6 mouse. MIE cells grow rapidly and have a cobblestone morphology, which is a typical feature of intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, they express cytokeratin, villin, cell-cell junctional proteins, and alkaline phosphatase activity and can form microvilli. Their expression of Musashi-1 antigen indicates that they may be close to intestinal stem cells or transit-amplifying cells. MIE cells are able to differentiate into the M cell lineage following coculture with intestinal lymphocytes, but not with Peyer's patch lymphocytes (PPL). However, PPL costimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 MAbs caused MIE cells to display typical features of M cells, such as transcytosis activity, the disorganization of microvilli, and the expression of M cell markers. This transcytosis activity of MIE cells was not induced by T cells isolated from PPL costimulated with the same MAbs and was reduced by the depletion of the T cell population from PPL. A mixture of T cells treated with MAbs and B cells both from PPL led MIE cells to differentiate into M cells. We report here that MIE cells have the potential ability to differentiate into M cells and that this differentiation required activated T cells and B cells.

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Uemura, N., K. Ozawa, K. Takahashi, A. Tojo, K. Tani, K. Harigaya, S. Suzu, K. Motoyoshi, H. Matsuda, and H. Yagita. "Binding of membrane-anchored macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M- CSF) to its receptor mediates specific adhesion between stromal cells and M-CSF receptor-bearing hematopoietic cells." Blood 82, no. 9 (November 1, 1993): 2634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.9.2634.2634.

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Abstract To explore the biologic significance of the membrane-anchored form of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), we examined whether interaction between membrane-bound M-CSF and its receptor mediates intercellular adhesion as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Human M-CSF receptors were expressed on a murine interleukin-2 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, FDC-P2, by DNA transfection with the c-fms gene (FDC-P2-MCSFR). A human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, KM102, was used in the cell adhesion assay. The expression of membrane-bound M-CSF on KM102 cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. After the incubation of parent and transformed FDC-P2 cells on confluent KM102 cells, nonadherent cells were removed and the cells attached to KM102 cells were examined microscopically. Almost all parent FDC-P2 cells were nonadherent, whereas a significant number of FDC-P2-MCSFR cells bound to KM102 cells. The addition of anti-M-CSF or anti-M-CSF receptor neutralizing antibodies dose-dependently inhibited the binding of [3H]-thymidine- labeled FDC-P2-MCSFR cells to KM102 cells. An excess amount of M-CSF also inhibited the binding. On the other hand, the addition of antibodies against some representative adhesion molecules (vitronectin receptor, Pgp-1/CD44, and VLA-4) did not inhibit the adhesion between FDC-P2-MCSFR cells and KM102 cells. These results support the idea that membrane-anchored M-CSF and its receptor may function as mediators of cell-cell adhesion.

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To explore the biologic significance of the membrane-anchored form of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), we examined whether interaction between membrane-bound M-CSF and its receptor mediates intercellular adhesion as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Human M-CSF receptors were expressed on a murine interleukin-2 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, FDC-P2, by DNA transfection with the c-fms gene (FDC-P2-MCSFR). A human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, KM102, was used in the cell adhesion assay. The expression of membrane-bound M-CSF on KM102 cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. After the incubation of parent and transformed FDC-P2 cells on confluent KM102 cells, nonadherent cells were removed and the cells attached to KM102 cells were examined microscopically. Almost all parent FDC-P2 cells were nonadherent, whereas a significant number of FDC-P2-MCSFR cells bound to KM102 cells. The addition of anti-M-CSF or anti-M-CSF receptor neutralizing antibodies dose-dependently inhibited the binding of [3H]-thymidine- labeled FDC-P2-MCSFR cells to KM102 cells. An excess amount of M-CSF also inhibited the binding. On the other hand, the addition of antibodies against some representative adhesion molecules (vitronectin receptor, Pgp-1/CD44, and VLA-4) did not inhibit the adhesion between FDC-P2-MCSFR cells and KM102 cells. These results support the idea that membrane-anchored M-CSF and its receptor may function as mediators of cell-cell adhesion.

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Ebisawa, Masashi, Koji Hase, Daisuke Takahashi, Hiroshi Kitamura, Kathryn A. Knoop, Ifor R. Williams, and Hiroshi Ohno. "CCR6hiCD11cint B cells promote M-cell differentiation in Peyer's patch." International Immunology 23, no. 4 (March 21, 2011): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxq478.

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Lelouard, Hugues, Alain Sahuquet, Hubert Reggio, and Philippe Montcourrier. "Rabbit M cells and dome enterocytes are distinct cell lineages." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 2077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.11.2077.

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We have studied the M cell origin and differentiation pathway in rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Micro-dissected domes and epithelium isolated by ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid detachment allowed us to view the whole epithelial surface from the bottom of crypts to the top of domes. We used monoclonal antibodies specific to the apex of either M cells or dome enterocytes, lectins, and antibodies to vimentin in appendix, distal Peyer’s patches and caecal patches. The earliest vimentin-labeled M cells were observed in the BrdU-positive proliferative zone of dome-associated crypts. Gradual differentiation of the M cell vimentin cytoskeleton started at this site to progressively give rise to the first pocket-forming M cells in the upper dome. Therefore, these mitotic cells of the crypts appear as the direct precursors of M cells. In addition to an early appearance of M cell markers, a regular mosaic-like relative distribution of M cells and dome enterocytes was already detected in the vicinity of crypts, similar to that observed on the lateral surface of domes where functional M cells lie. This constant distribution implies that there is no trans-differentiation of enterocytes to M cells along the crypt-dome axis. Together, these observations provide very strong evidence in favor of an early commitment in crypts of M cell and enterocyte distinct lineages.

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Klisuric, Ana, Benjamin Thierry, Ludivine Delon, Clive A. Prestidge, and Rachel J. Gibson. "Identifying human and murine M cells in vitro." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 7 (March 24, 2019): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219838674.

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M cells are an epithelial cell population found in the follicle-associated epithelium overlying gut-associated lymphoid tissues. They are specialized in the transcytosis of luminal antigens. Their transcytotic capacity and location in an immunocompetent environment has prompted the study of these cells as possible targets for oral drug delivery systems. Currently, the models most commonly used to study M cells are restricted to in vivo experiments conducted in mice, and in vitro studies conducted in models comprised either of primary epithelial cells or established cell lines of murine or human origin. In vitro models of the follicle-associated epithelium can be constructed in several ways. Small intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells can be cultured into a 3D organoid structure where M cells are induced with RANKL administration. Additionally, in vitro models containing an “M cell-like” population can be obtained through co-culturing intestinal epithelial cells with cells of lymphocytic origin to induce the M cell phenotype. The evaluation of the efficiency of the variations of these models and their relevance to the in vivo human system is hampered by the lack of a universal M cell marker. This issue has also hindered the advancement of M cell-specific targeting approaches aimed at improving the bioavailability of orally administered compounds. This critical review discusses the different approaches utilized in the literature to identify M cells, their efficiency, reliability and relevance, in the context of commonly used models of the follicle-associated epithelium. The outcome of this review is a clearly defined and universally recognized criteria for the assessment of the relevance of models of the follicle-associated models currently used. Impact statement The study of M cells, a specialized epithelial cell type found in the follicle-associated epithelium, is hampered by the lack of a universal M cell marker. As such, many studies lack reliable and universally recognized methods to identify M cells in their proposed models. As a result of this it is difficult to ascertain whether the effects observed are due to the presence of M cells or an unaccounted variable. The outcome of this review is the thorough evaluation of the many M cell markers that have been used in the literature thus far and a proposed criterion for the identification of M cells for future publications. This will hopefully lead to an improvement in the quality of future publications in this field.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "M-cels"

Tyrer, Peter Charles, and n/a. "Targeting M-cells for oral vaccine delivery." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060427.122012.

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An in vitro model of the follicle-associated epithelia that overlie the Peyer's patches of the small intestine was developed and validated to examine the mechanisms of mucosal antigen sampling. This model displays many phenotypic and physiological characteristics of M cells including apical expression of [alpha]5[beta]l integrin and enhanced energy dependent participate transport. CD4+ T-cells were shown to be an important influence on the development of Mlike cells. The model was used to examine the M cell mediated uptake of several putative whole-cell killed bacterial vaccines. Greater numbers of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae NTHi 289, NTHi 2019, Escherichia coli 075 HMN and Streptococcus pneumoniae were transported by model M cells compared to control Caco-2 enterocyte-like cells. Studies in isolated murine intestine segments confirmed the selective uptake of NTHi 289 and Escherichia coli demonstrating that intestinal mucosal sampling of these antigens is performed by M cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not absorbed as whole cell bacteria but as soluble antigen, as indicated by the presence of bacterial DNA in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. These results suggest that bacteria such as NTHi and E. coli are sampled by the mucosal immune system in a different manner to that of bacteria such as Pseudomonas. A number of potential cell surface receptors were investigated to identify which molecules are responsible for intestinal uptake whole-cell killed bacteria. Immunofluorescence studies detected the presence of toll-like receptor-2, toll-like receptor-4, PAF-R and [alpha]5[beta]l integrin on in vitro M-like cell cultures. Examinations of murine intestine confirmed the presence of TLR-4 and PAF-R. TLR-4 was found in small quantities and on M cells. In contrast to the M cell model, TLR-2 expression in the murine intestine was sparse. Receptor inhibition experiments provided evidence for the involvement of TLR-4, PAF-R and [alpha]5[beta]l integrin in M cell uptake of killed bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. This thesis has contributed valuable information regarding the mechanisms of uptake of whole-cell killed bacteria by the intestinal mucosal immune system. For the first time, M cell sampling of whole-cell killed bacteria has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the receptors involved in these processes have been identified. This information will be of great use in the development and optimisation of new oral vaccines.

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Blakemore, Louise Margaret. "Curcumin-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9809.

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Curcumin, a diet-derived chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent has been shown to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, and previous studies suggested that microtubule depolymerisation may be linked to M-phase arrest. However, mechanisms involved have not been elucidated and often non-physiological concentrations of curcumin were used. The goal of this study was to characterise in more detail curcumin-induced cell cycle arrest using a panel of human colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines, HT-29, SW480, HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53-/- and HCT116 p21-/-. Using physiologically relevant concentrations of curcumin (5-10μM), achievable in the gut tissue following oral ingestion, cell cycle analysis showed that treatment for 12 hours results in significant G2/M arrest in all five cell lines. Curcumin treatment significantly increased the number of cells in M phase in 4 out of the 5 lines tested for this duration, and those with microsatellite instability (HCT116) were found to have a higher mitotic index than those with chromosomal instability. Pre-treatment with caffeine abrogated mitotic arrest in these cell lines, indicating the involvement of the ATM/ATR kinases. Activating phosphorylation of the Chk1 kinase was increased and total protein levels of CDC25C reduced, further implicating the DNA damage pathway in the induction of arrest. Higher levels of HSP70 were also found, indicating proteotoxic stress such as proteasomal inhibition. Image analysis revealed impaired mitotic progression, and significantly higher levels of mitotic spindle abnormalities following curcumin treatment. Aurora B mislocalisation and significantly lower levels of centrosomal separation were found in the HCT116 p53+/+ line. Furthermore, the high levels of pH2A.X staining seen in curcumin-treated mitotic but not interphase cells suggest that aberrant mitosis may result in DNA damage. This proteotoxic and genotoxic stress incurred following curcumin treatment may contribute to the upregulation of NKG2D ligands on the cell surface, leading to CRC lysis and enhancement of the anti-cancer immune response.

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Mairopoulos, Dimitrios. "M-Cell assembly." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99294.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, June 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2015."
Includes bibliographical references (page 47).
In this thesis I propose a self- assembly procedure called the Morphocell(M-Cell) assembly. This procedure is based on an assembly unit called the M-Cell. The M-Cell is comprised out of two components, the M-Block and the M-Clay (in which the M-Block is embedded). During the assembly procedure the M-Clay acts as the environment of the assembly for the M-Blocks. This allows a global, parallel assembly that is highly autonomous and has large error correcting capacities. When the assembly procedure is complete the M-Blocks have assembled into a spatial lattice. Then the M-Clay surrounds this lattice thus creating a solid object, the M-Object. The M-Object, which is the goal of this procedure, is a dynamic object that can be easily modified, expanded or dismantled. Furthermore, it can respond in various ways to its environment. This system was optimized though a feedback loop that was informed by constant digital and physical simulations. The findings of this thesis can have important applications in construction of structures in extreme-remote environments and in the fabrication-rapid prototyping field.
by Dimitrios Mairopoulos.
S.M.

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Mason, Caroline Margaret. "Characterisation of intestinal M cells using monoclonal antibodies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260952.

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Sehgal, Anuj. "Investigating the development and function of M cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28738.

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Gut-associated lymphoid tissues such as Peyer’s patches (PP) are inductive sites for immune response in the intestine. Unlike other peripheral lymphoid tissues, gut-associated lymphoid tissues lack afferent lymphatics and can directly sample mucosal antigens by specialized epithelial cells in the follicular associated epithelia (FAE), known as M cells. M cells derive from Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells in intestinal crypts, where the daughter cells of Lgr5+ cells differentiate into M cells after stimulation from the cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). RANKL is produced by stromal cells within the sub-epithelial dome (SED) residing below the FAE. The transcytosis of antigens across the FAE by M cells is an important initial step in the induction of efficient mucosal immune responses against certain pathogenic bacteria as well as the commensal bacterial flora. However some pathogens, for example orally-acquired prions, may also exploit M cells to infect the host. M cells have been implicated in the uptake of orally acquired prions from the gut lumen. After oral exposure, the accumulation of prions in PP is important for their efficient spread to the nervous system. Previous studies have also shown that pathogen-induced inflammation increases M cell density and this effect can be mimicked by exogenous administration of RANKL. This has led to the hypothesis tested in this thesis that inflammation-related enhancement of M cell differentiation aids the delivery of prions into the lamina propria of villi. The administration of RANKL resulted in increased M cell density in the gut epithelium of mice. Consequently, RANKL treatment enhanced the accumulation of orally-administered prions in PP, decreased disease incubation time and increased prion disease susceptibility. These data indicate the importance of M cells in prion disease pathogenesis and highlight the potential of M cells as vaccine targets against prion disease. The fate and terminal differentiation of distinct intestinal epithelial cell lineages from their uncommitted precursors is dependent on their intrinsic expression of one or more specific transcription factors during their development. Alongside inducing M cell differentiation, RANKL stimulation can also induce the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor subunit c-Rel. A comparison of the genes encoding the individual NF-κB subunits c-Rel, Rel-A and Rel-B revealed that they were expressed at the mRNA level in the FAE and by M cells. A c-Rel-deficiency in mice did not influence the expression of RANKL or RANK in PP. The subsequent induction of M cell maturation in the FAE was also unaffected in, indicating that c-Rel is dispensable for the RANKL-mediated differentiation and functional maturation of M cells. The factors implicated in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell proliferation and their differentiation into M cells are poorly understood. Some reports have indicated that crypt-associated macrophages may provide extrinsic factors that assist Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell proliferation. In this thesis, the ablation of macrophages in the gut resulted in dysregulation of crypt microarchitecture, depleting Paneth cells and the Lgr5+ stem cells. This adversely affected the subsequent differentiation of intestinal epithelial cell lineages and impeded the functional development of M cells. These data reveal a previously unknown role for macrophages in the maintenance of intestinal crypts and intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

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Schäkel, Knut, Claudia Poppe, Elfriede Mayer, Christine Federle, Gert Riethmüller, and Ernst Peter Rieber. "M-DC8+ Leukocytes – A Novel Human Dendritic Cell Population." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135252.

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Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a heterogeneous leukocyte population having in common a unique capacity to induce primary T cell responses and are therefore most attractive candidates for immunomodulatory strategies. Two populations of blood DC (CD11c+ CD123dim and CD11c– CD123high) have been defined so far. However, their direct isolation for experimental purposes is hampered by their low frequency and by the lack of selective markers allowing large scale purification from blood. Here we describe the monoclonal antibody (mAb) M-DC8, which was generated by immunizing mice with highly enriched blood DC. This mAb specifically reacts with 0.2–1% of blood leukocytes and enables their direct isolation by a one-step immunomagnetic procedure from fresh mononuclear cells. These cells can be differentiated from T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes using lineage-specific antibodies. M-DC8+ cells express HLA class II molecules, CD33 and low levels of the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. Upon in vitro culture M-DC8+ cells spontaneously mature into cells with the phenotype of highly stimulatory cells as documented by the upregulation of HLA-DR, CD86 and CD40; in parallel CD80 expression is induced. M-DC8+ cells display an outstanding capacity to present antigen. In particular, they proved to be excellent stimulators of autologous mixed leukocyte reaction and to activate T cells against primary antigens such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Furthermore, they induce differentiation of purified allogeneic cytotoxic T cells into alloantigen-specific cytotoxic effector cells. While the phenotypical analysis reveals similarities with the two known blood DC populations, the characteristic expression of Fc=γRIII (CD16) and the M-DC8 antigen clearly defines them as a novel population of blood DC. The mAb M-DC8 might thus be a valuable tool to determine circulating DC for diagnostic purposes and to isolate these cells for studies of antigen-specific T cell priming
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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Baker, Peter Kenneth. "The role of M-CSF in hairy-cell leukaemia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367653.

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Sansom, Nigel P. "Antigen sampling by porcine intestinal Peyer's patch M-cells." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322637.

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Schäkel, Knut, Claudia Poppe, Elfriede Mayer, Christine Federle, Gert Riethmüller, and Ernst Peter Rieber. "M-DC8+ Leukocytes – A Novel Human Dendritic Cell Population." Karger, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27632.

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Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a heterogeneous leukocyte population having in common a unique capacity to induce primary T cell responses and are therefore most attractive candidates for immunomodulatory strategies. Two populations of blood DC (CD11c+ CD123dim and CD11c– CD123high) have been defined so far. However, their direct isolation for experimental purposes is hampered by their low frequency and by the lack of selective markers allowing large scale purification from blood. Here we describe the monoclonal antibody (mAb) M-DC8, which was generated by immunizing mice with highly enriched blood DC. This mAb specifically reacts with 0.2–1% of blood leukocytes and enables their direct isolation by a one-step immunomagnetic procedure from fresh mononuclear cells. These cells can be differentiated from T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes using lineage-specific antibodies. M-DC8+ cells express HLA class II molecules, CD33 and low levels of the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. Upon in vitro culture M-DC8+ cells spontaneously mature into cells with the phenotype of highly stimulatory cells as documented by the upregulation of HLA-DR, CD86 and CD40; in parallel CD80 expression is induced. M-DC8+ cells display an outstanding capacity to present antigen. In particular, they proved to be excellent stimulators of autologous mixed leukocyte reaction and to activate T cells against primary antigens such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Furthermore, they induce differentiation of purified allogeneic cytotoxic T cells into alloantigen-specific cytotoxic effector cells. While the phenotypical analysis reveals similarities with the two known blood DC populations, the characteristic expression of Fc=γRIII (CD16) and the M-DC8 antigen clearly defines them as a novel population of blood DC. The mAb M-DC8 might thus be a valuable tool to determine circulating DC for diagnostic purposes and to isolate these cells for studies of antigen-specific T cell priming.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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Messerly, Erin. "M-CSF Stress-Induced Priming of the Macrophage Cell." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1449484244.

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Books on the topic "M-cels"

Instruments, Texas. 2-[mu]m CMOS standard cell data book. [S.l.]: Texas Instruments, 1987.

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International Malpighi Symposium (5th 2003 Rome, Italy). Morphodynamics of cells and tissues: A book in memory of Pietro M. Motta. Firenze: Editrice Il Sedicesimo, 2005.

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Toci, F. Determination of oxygen potentials and O/M ratios of oxide nuclear reactor fuels by means of an automated solid state galvanic cell. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1987.

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Human. Sickle disease research: An update : hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on to award a grant to the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals to establish and construct the National Center for Sickle Cell Disease Research at Southern University in Baton Rouge, LA, and for related facilities and equipment at such center, July 28, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Branting, Christina. Studies on S øt ør øe øp øt øo øc øo øc øc øu øs ø m øu øt øa øn øs ø glucans with special reference to cell adhesion. Stockholm: Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1988.

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Wolfgang, Holzgreve, and Lessl M. 1966-, eds. Stem cells from cord blood, in utero stem cell development, and transportation-inclusive gene therapy /cW. Holzgreve, M. Lessl, editors. New York: Springer, 2001.

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Federal Energy Technology Center (U.S.) and United States. Dept. of Energy., eds. Developing the second-generation fuel cell: The M-C Power Project. [Morgantown, WV] (P.O. Box 880, Morgantown 26507-0880): Dept. of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, 1998.

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Federal Energy Technology Center (U.S.) and United States. Dept. of Energy, eds. Developing the second-generation fuel cell: The M-C Power Project. [Morgantown, WV] (P.O. Box 880, Morgantown 26507-0880): Dept. of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "M-cels"

Rischin, Danny. "Biomarkers for Immune Modulatory Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 83–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_6.

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AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the standard of care for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients respond, hence the search for predictive biomarkers. Potential predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors discussed in this chapter include (1) Immune checkpoint ligand expression e.g., PD-L1, (2) biomarkers of a T-cell inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME) such as gene expression profiles of activated T cells, (3) biomarkers of tumour neoepitope burden such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and (4) multidimensional quantitative techniques. At present only PD-L1 expression has been shown to have clinical utility in head and neck cancer. It enriches for populations more likely to respond, but the false positive predictive value remains high. In the pivotal Keynote−048 trial that established a role for pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) monotherapy and pembrolizumab + chemotherapy as treatment options in first-line R/M HNSCC, primary endpoints included overall survival in defined subgroups based on PD-L1 expression. In this trial the combined positive score (CPS) was used which takes into account PD-L1 expression in tumour and immune cells. Based on this trial regulatory approvals for first-line pembrolizumab in R/M HNSCC require assessment of PD-L1 expression using the CPS. Finally we discuss emerging evidence that locoregionally advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers that have high expression of CD103 positive CD8 T cells have an excellent prognosis and features that suggest increased probability of responding to anti-PD1/PD-L1, raising the possibility of incorporating these immune therapies as part of a de-escalation trial strategy.

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Jæger, Karoline Horgmo, and Aslak Tveito. "Derivation of a Cell-Based Mathematical Model of Excitable Cells." In Modeling Excitable Tissue, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61157-6_1.

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Abstract Excitable cells are of vital importance in biology, and mathematical models have contributed significantly to understand their basic mechanisms. However, classical models of excitable cells are based on severe assumptions that may limit the accuracy of the simulation results. Here, we derive a more detailed approach to modeling that has recently been applied to study the electrical properties of both neurons and cardiomyocytes. The model is derived from first principles and opens up possibilities for studying detailed properties of excitable cells.We refer to the model as the EMI model because both the extracellular space (E), the cell membrane (M) and the intracellular space (I) are explicitly represented in the model, in contrast to classical spatial models of excitable cells. Later chapters of the present text will focus on numerical methods and software for solving the model. Also, in the next chapter, the model will be extended to account for ionic concentrations in the intracellular and extracellular spaces.

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Tromba, Anthony J. "T(M) is a Cell." In Teichmüller Theory in Riemannian Geometry, 63–82. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8613-0_4.

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Zámborszky, Judit. "Cell Cycle Transitions, G2/M." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 329–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_38.

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Antzelevitch, Charles, Vladislav V. Nesterenko, Wataru Shimizu, and Jose M. Di Diego. "Electrophysiological Characteristics of the M Cell." In Monophasic Action Potentials, 212–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60851-3_13.

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Yamamoto, M., D. W. Pascual, and H. Kiyono. "M Cell-Targeted Mucosal Vaccine Strategies." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 39–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2011_134.

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Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., and Gennaro De Libero. "Cytolytic Cells in M. tuberculosis Infections." In Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis, 151–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5418-5_7.

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Rischin, Danny. "Update of Immune Therapies in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 297–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_19.

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AbstractSince the initial reports of activity of pembrolizumab in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), investigation of the role of immune therapies has been the major focus of clinical trials in R/M HNSCC. Randomised trials initially with nivolumab and later with pembrolizumab established overall survival benefit in patients with R/M HNSCC previously treated with platinum compared to physicians choice of 2nd line therapy, and have led to regulatory approval around the world. More recently the Keynote-048 trial has compared both pembrolizumab monotherapy and pembrolizumab + platinum/5FU to the Extreme regimen of platinum/5FU/cetuximab in the first-line R/M setting. The key findings from this trial are that pembrolizumab monotherapy compared to Extreme improved overall survival in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 20 and ≥ 1, and that pembro/chemotherapy improved OS in CPS ≥ 20, CPS ≥ 1 and the total population. Relative to Extreme there was less toxicity in the monotherapy arm and comparable toxicity in the pembro/chemo arm. Based on this trial use of pembrolizumab as part of first-line treatment for R/M HNSCC is appropriate for the majority of patients, and represents a new standard of care. The focus has now moved to identifying combinations that may be superior to pembrolizumab monotherapy or to chemotherapy + pembrolizumab. Some of the more promising approaches under investigation in HNSCC are discussed in this chapter. In summary, immune therapies are now the cornerstone of management of R/M HNSCC with the approval of pembrolizumab in the first-line R/M setting.

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Gupta, Prem N. "Mucosal Vaccine Delivery and M Cell Targeting." In Advances in Delivery Science and Technology, 313–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_9.

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Neutra, Marian R., Philippe Sansonetti, and Jean-Pierre Kraehenbuhl. "Role of Intestinal M Cells in Microbial Pathogenesis." In Microbial Pathogenesis and the Intestinal Epithelial Cell, 23–42. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817848.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "M-cels"

Lindsay, Alexandra R., Usamah Chaudhary, Taylor N. Terry, Mahdi Haghshenas-Jaryani, and Muthu B. J. Wijesundara. "Interconnected Fluid-Filled Cells Design for Reduction of Linear Acceleration and Force Transfer to Prevent Concussion." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10675.

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Abstract Regardless of efforts in improving helmet technologies, sport related concussions continue to be a problem. In an effort for advancing helmet liners, this research investigated a design comprised of interconnected fluid-filled cell structures that consist of a primary cell connecting to one or more secondary cells through a channel. When the primary cell undergoes impact, it deforms and pushes the fluid from the primary to secondary cells, which expand accordingly. This fluid motion absorbs the impact and dissipates energy, thereby reducing the force and acceleration transfer to a contacting body. Structures made with two hyper elastic polymers, silicone and polyurethane, were investigated in simulation and experimentation. For both materials, increasing the number of secondary cells in the structure will decrease the amount of force transfer and resulting acceleration. The optimized design, with one primary and two secondary cells, showed reduction of force by 25.2% and resulting acceleration of 80.7 m/s2 when using silicone, while cells made of polyurethane showed a 33.5% reduction of force and resulting acceleration of 72.5 m/s2. In comparison, a commercial liner (Vengeance DCT TPU Lateral Helmet Liner by Schutt® tested using the same test procedures, showed reduction in force by 24.3% and resulting acceleration of 87.0 m/s2.

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Markant, Shirley L., Kelly Barton, Jesse Sun, and Robert Wechsler-Reya. "Abstract 3443: Targeting G2/M cell cycle regulators in medulloblastoma tumor-propagating cells." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3443.

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Sonnet, J., and E. K. Gini. "IMPROVEMENT OF SICKLE CELL DEFORMABILITY BY PIRACETAM IN VITRO AND IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644214.

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Piracetam (P) (2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide) has Theological properties and has been used at various dosages over the past decade for the management of psychosenescent syndromes. On maintenance therapy, at the oral dosage of 160 mg/kg/day, in four divided doses, P reduces the number of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell homozygous patients, to about a fifth of what could be expected without drug. After oral intake at the latter dosage P's bioavailability in the blood ranges from 0.5to 1 m mol/1. Microsieving on polycarbonate filters, 5 μ m por size, of diluted suspensions (haematocrit 1%) of oxygenated HbSS cells previously incubated with P 0.5 to 1 m mol/1, shows that the drug strongly improves their deformabi1ity. Similarly, microsieving of oxygenated HbSS cells obtained from patients on maintenance therapy with P, shows that the drug enhances the deformabi 1 ity of these cells as actively as it does in in vitro experiments in the same range of concentration. On the other hand the drug only poorly restores the loss of deformabi 1 ity of physiologically deoxygenated HbSS cells. From these experiments, it seems that P works rather on the outer viscoelastic properties of the HbSS red cell membrane than on the inner HbSS content of these cells.

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Zhang, Wujie, Geer Yang, Aili Zhang, Lisa X. Xu, and Xiaoming He. "Preferential Vitrification of Water in Small Alginate Microcapsules Significantly Augments Cell Cryopreservation by Vitrification." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19231.

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A major challenge to the eventual success of the emerging cell-based medical technologies such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cell transplantation is the limited availability of the desired cell sources [1]. This challenge can be alleviated by cell microencapsulation to avoid undesired immune response (i.e., immunoisolation) so that non-autologous cells can be used to treat human diseases, and by cell cryopreservation to establish banks of important living cells for wide distribution to end users so that they are readily available when needed in the future [2,3]. Although cell microencapsulation has been investigated since 1960s with promising outcomes, cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells has not been well studied. The major challenges are associated with the cell toxicity of the high concentration (> 4–6 M) of cryoprotectants used for vitrification and the loss of microcapsule integrity due to ice formation during slow freezing [4]. Therefore, it is of great interest to achieve vitrification at a low, nontoxic cryoprotectant concentration for the cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells.

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Hoffman, R., B. J. Roth, G. W. Sledge, J. Straneva, and J. Brandt. "ANALYSIS OF PHORBOL ESTER STIMULATED HUMAN MEGAKARYOCYTE DEVELOPMENT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642951.

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The events that occur during the terminal maturation of human megakaryocytes are poorly characterized. To examine these events, a recently characterized human megakaryocytic cell line (EST-IU, Cancer Res. 46: 2155-2159, 1986) was exposed to 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as well as 2 non-transforming phorbol esters (4 alpha phorbol and 4 beta phorbol 12 alpha, 13 alpha diacetate) at the identical concentrations. Morphologic changes, including cellular attachment to untreated plastic or glass, occurred within 4 hrs of treatment with TPA. Treatment of EST-IU cells with either of the 2 non-transforming phorbols (4-alpha phorbol, or 4-beta phorbol, 12-beta, 13-alpha diacetate) failed to change morphology, DNA content, or expression of surface membrane glycoproteins or alpha-granule constituents when compared to control cells. TPA treatment resulted, however, in j^rofound changes in adherence to plastic by the EST-IU cells, with an obvious dose-response relationship. At a 5 × 10-8 M TPA, cellular attachment was noted as early as 4 hours following treatment, agd was complete by 16 hours, at which time > 95% of treated cells were attached. Following TPA treatment at 5 × 10-8 M, a number of morphologic changes occurred, including marked cellular flattening, the appearance of extensive cytoplasmic budding, and the development of numerous filopodia. Cells treated with either of the non-transforming phorbols as assessed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis failed to exhibit a change in ploidy, although TPA reproducibly altered this parameter of megakaryocyte development. Cells treated with 10-9 M TPA have approximately the same proportion of cells in the 4N and 8N peaks as control cells. Following exposure to 10-9 M and 10-8 M TPA, there was an apparent shift of cells out of the 4N peak to 8N and 16N levels, and even the appearance of a small percentage of 32N cells. The DNA content of TPA-treated cells was also assessed by Feulgen staining and microdensitome try. Those cells (5%) which failed to adhere following TPA treatment were analyzed separately, and showed a very different ploidy distribution than the adherent cell population. Over 85% of adherent cells have a ploidy > 16N, with some cells attaining the 128N level. Treatment of cells with either of the 2 non-transforming phorbols failed to affect the expression of Factor V, Factor VIIIrRAg, beta-throraboglobulin, fibrinogen, or platelet glycoproteins. Cells treated with 5 × 10-8 M TPA similarly do not significantly increse the expression of Factor V, fibrinogen, or beta-thromoglobulin over that observed in control cells. The expression of both Factor VIIIrRAg and platelet glycoproteins however, increase in TPA-treated cells. A similar increase in the expression of platelet glycoprotein Ilb/IIIA using the mouse monoclonal C17 was also observed. Those cells that express the highest levels of Factor VIII:RAg and platelet glycoproteins following phorbol treatment also demonstrated the highest ploidy levels and also are the largest cells as measured by forward angle light scatter during flow cytometry.These studies indicate that TPA treatment of EST-IU cells initiates a cascade of events characterized by cellular adherence, increases in cell size and DNA content, and enhanced expression of platelet glycoproteins and Factor VIIIrRAg. These events appear to occur in concert and closely resemble information that is available concerning maturation of normal rodent and human megakaryocytes. Although it is important to emphasize that EST-IU cells are leukemic and thus intrinsically different from normal human megakaryocytes, their availability and dynamic responses to TPA will provide an appropriate cellular model with which to study megakaryocyte maturation.

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Dupuy, E., P. S. Rohrlich, and G. Tobelem. "HEPARIN STIMULATES FIBROBLAST GROWTH INDUCED BY PDGF." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643750.

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Heparin binds to smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. It inhibits the proliferation of the smooth muscle cells and modulates the growth of endothelial cells. Fibroblasts which represent an other cell type belonging to the vascular wall could also have their growth modified by heparin. We have at first, demonstrated that 125I unfractionated heparin bigds to cultured human skin fibroblasts with a Kd of 1.16 10 M.A low molecular weight heparin fraction (PK 10169) competed (50 %)with I unfractionated heparin, but at aless extent than cold unfractionated heparin(90%).As it has been reported with endothelial and smooth muscle cells, about 30% of the bound unfractionated heparin was internalized bythe fibroblasts. Heparin alone at the concentration ranges from 0 to 10-5M has no effect on fibroblast proliferation measured by the H thymidine uptake. When the cellproliferation was induced by pure PDGF, heparin potentiated markedly the fibroblast growth.The effgct started at 10-8 M heparinand reached a plateau from 10-6 M to 10-5 M. Similar stimulationwas observed when the growth was induced by FGF or EGF. Low molecular weight heparin enhanced the fibroblast proliferation induced by PDGF but at a less extent than unfractionated heparin, chondroltin sulfate has no effect. When added during the cell culture growth withhuman serum (5%), unfractionated heparin increased by 48 the cell proliferation as measured bycell counting at the 6th day of the culture. PDGF did not modify the heparin binding on fibroblast cultures either at 4°C or 37°C and did not alter the process of heparin internalization. JDGF binding to the cultured fibroblast (Kd 10.1 ± 3.4 10-10 M)was not modified by the presence of heparin when studied at 4°C.In conclusion : i) cultured human fibroblasts bind and internalize heparin, ii) heparinand heparin fraction stimulate the fibroblastgrowth induced by PDGF, iii) since the binding of PDGF is not modified by bound heparin, the mechanism of stimulation remains unknown.

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Bubis, Eugenia, Lea Mor, Nissim Sabag, Zeev Rubin, Ury Vaysban, Kas Hemmes, and Pinchas Schechner. "Electrical Characterization of a Glucose-Fueled Alkaline Fuel Cell." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97031.

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This paper is part of an effort to establish design parameters for glucose-fueled room temperature membraneless alkaline fuel cells as possible electricity suppliers for portable devices. We report experimental results for three characteristics of glucose-fueled room temperature membraneless alkaline fuel cells: 1) polarization curve, 2) power density as a function of current density, and 3) internal resistance. The internal resistance of the cell was measured by two independent experimental methods: “Voltage Divider” and “Current Interrupt”. The three characteristics were measured as a function of glucose concentration while maintaining the electrolyte, KOH, constant at 0.35 M. The results were compared with those reported for other room temperature Alkaline Fuel Cells fuelled with glucose and methanol. We found that the maximum power density has a value of 0.36 mW/cm2 at a current density of 1.44 mA/cm2 when glucose concentration is 0.22M. The “Voltage Divider” and “Current Interrupt” methods for measuring the internal resistance produced practically the same results. The resistivity of the electrolyte/fuel solution was estimated from internal resistance measurements. Resistivity was found to be linearly dependent upon glucose concentration; at a constant KOH electrolyte concentration of 0.35 M, the specific resistivity of 1 M glucose is 2.56 Ω·m. The power density obtained with Alkaline Fuel Cells fuelled with glucose is an order of magnitude smaller than that obtained for cells fuelled with methanol. More efforts should be invested in order to develop a practical glucose-fuelled fuel cell.

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Hsiao, Min-Chien, Shu-Hang Liao, Ming-Yu Yen, Chen-Chi M. Ma, Shuo-Jen Lee, Yu-Feng Lin, and Chih-Hung Hung. "Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Novel Metal Mesh Hybrid Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85134.

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Novel metal mesh hybrid polymer composite bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been prepared via inserting a copper or alumina mesh in polymer composites. The composition of polymer composites consisted of 70 wt% graphite powder and 0–2 wt% modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs). Results indicated that the inplane electrical conductivity of m-MWCNTs/polymer composite bipolar plates increased from 156 S cm−1 (0 wt% MWCNT) to 643 Scm−1 (with 1 wt% MWCNT) (D.O.E target > 100 S cm−1). The bulk thermal conductivities of the copper and aluminum mesh hybrid polymer composite bipolar plates increased from 27.2 W m−1 K−1 to 30.0 W m−1 K−1 and 30.4 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Furthermore, the current and power densities of a single fuel cell using copper or alumina mesh hybrid polymer composite bipolar plates are more stable than that of using neat polymer composite bipolar plates, especially in the ohmic overpotential region of the polarization curves of single fuel cell tests. The overall performance confirms that the metal mesh hybrid polymer composite bipolar plates prepared in this study are promising for PEMFC application.

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Xiu-juan, Zhang, Huang Qing-ling, and Ji Yu-bin. "Induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest by myricetin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells." In Education (ITIME). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itime.2009.5236242.

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Wasi, S., P. Alles, D. Gauthier, U. Bhargava, J. Farsi, J. E. Aubin, and J. Sodeki. "STUDIES ON SMALL MOLECULAR WEIGHT ADHESION PROTEINS (SAPs) FROM CONNECTIVE TISSUES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643556.

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We have identified a family of low molecular weight proteins with cell attachment properties in a variety of soft and mineralised connective tissues (Wong et al., Biochem. J. 232, 119, 1985). For further characterisation of these proteins we extracted porcine bones with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and purified the proteins on a series of gel filtration columns The purifed SAPs comprise three bands with Mr -14 000 -17 000. All three proteins bound to heparin-sepahrose in both the presence and absence of 4M urea, and when eluted with 2 M NaCl they retained their cell binding capacity. These proteins promoted the adhesion and spreading of a variety of cell types, including normal fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and epithelial cells, and tumour (osteosarcoma) cells. On Western blotting SAPs did not cross-react with antibodies against fibronectin, laminin or type I collagen; however, they were recognised by a monoclonal antibody to human vitronectin, a polyclonal antibody to bovine vitronectin and polyclonal antibody to human somatomedin B. Dose response experiments indicated that maximum attachment of human gingival fibroblasts occurred in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum on wells precoated with 2.5 μg/cm2 of SAPs. Attachment of cells to these proteins was partially inhibited by the synthetic pentapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser. Utilising the nitrocellulose cell binding assay of Hayman et al (J. Cell. Biol. 95, 20, 1982), the cell attachment to these proteins could be completely inhibited by heparin (100 units/mL) whereas up to 1000 units/mL of heparin had no inhibitory effect on cell attachment to fibronectin and vitronectin. The occurrence of these proteins in a variety of connective tissues and their recognition by different cell types may reflect their general biological role in adhesive mechanisms in both hard and soft connective tissues. Currently, we are investigating the relationship between SAPs and vitronectin, since it is possible that SAPs represent a tissue-processed form of vitronectin or may be novel attachment proteins with regions of homology with vitronectin

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Reports on the topic "M-cels"

Davis, Shelly M., and Shigeki Miyamoto. Exploring a Link Between NF-KB and G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436875.

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Davis, Shelly M. Exploring a Link Between NF-kappaB and G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425730.

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Cheever, C. L., and R. W. Rose. Decontamination of hot cells K-1, K-3, M-1, M-3, and A-1, M-Wing, Building 200: Project final report Argonne National Laboratory-East. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/414345.

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Liu, Jingwen. Role of High-Affinity Oncostatin M Receptor in Prevention of Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295676.

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Ku, L. P., S. L. Liew, and J. G. Kolibal. Parametric analysis of neutron streaming through major penetrations in the 0. 914 m TFTR test cell floor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5200120.

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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.

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Abstract:

Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.

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McAlpin, Jennifer, and Cassandra Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) numerical modeling report : BABUS cell and Bird Island analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41581.

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The Houston Ship Channel (HSC) is one of the busiest deep-draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate increasing vessel sizes. The US Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG), requested the Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications in Galveston and Trinity Bays and along the HSC. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for hydrodynamic, salinity, and sediment transport analysis. SWG provided three project alternatives that include closing Rollover Pass, Bay Aquatic Beneficial Use System cells, Bird Islands, and HSC modifications. These alternatives and a Base (existing condition) will be simulated for present (2029) and future (2079) conditions. The results of these alternatives/conditions as compared to the Base are presented in this report. The model shows that the mean salinity varies by 2–3 ppt due to the HSC channel modifications and by approximately 5 ppt in the area of East Bay due to the closure of Rollover Pass. The tidal prism increases by 2.5% to 5% in the alternatives. The tidal amplitudes change by less than 0.01 m. The residual velocity vectors vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.

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