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Journal articles on the topic 'M-aramid'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Opwis, Klaus, Bilal Celik, Rainer Benken, Dierk Knittel, and Jochen Stefan Gutmann. "Dyeing of m-Aramid Fibers in Ionic Liquids." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081824.

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Aramids represent a class of high-performance fibers with outstanding properties and manifold technical applications, e.g., in flame-retardant protective clothing for firefighters and soldiers. However, the dyeing of aramid fibers is accompanied by several economic and ecological disadvantages, resulting in a high consumption of water, energy and chemicals. In this study, a new and innovative dyeing procedure for m-aramid fibers using ionic liquids (ILs) is presented. The most relevant parameters of IL-dyed fibers, such as tensile strength, elongation and fastness towards washing, rubbing and light, were determined systematically. In summary, all aramid textiles dyed in ILs show similar or even better results than the conventionally dyed samples. In conclusion, we have successfully paved the way for a new, eco-friendly and more sustainable dyeing process for aramids in the near future.

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2

Wakatsuki, Kaoru, Minami Matsubara, Norimichi Watanabe, Limin Bao, and Hideaki Morikawa. "Effects of m-Aramid/p-Aramid Blend Ratio on Tensile Strength due to UV Degradation for Firefighter Clothing Fabrics and Development of Predictive Equation for Tensile Strength." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163241.

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This study focused on the m-Aramid/p-Aramid blend ratio of the fabrics, clarified the quantitative relationship between UV exposure and strength retention, and developed a mathematical model to calculate tensile strength from an arbitrary amount of UV exposure energy. The results of tensile strength tests before and after UV exposure showed that the decrease in tensile strength due to UV degradation depended on the combination of p-Aramid and m-Aramid blend percentages. Tensile strength for all blend ratios decreased exponentially with UV exposure energy and was within the range of results for fabrics with p-Aramid 100% and m-Aramid 100%. The retention fraction of tensile strength, which represents the tensile strength after UV exposure relative to the initial tensile strength, decreased exponentially with increasing the fraction of UV exposure energy for all fabrics used in this study. Fitting the retention fraction of tensile strength to the fraction of UV exposure energy, two groups of fabrics were classified based on m-Aramid blends of 40% or more and 60% or less. This model can predict the tensile strength of firefighter clothing fabrics that retain high mechanical strength when exposed to UV light and design the strength of firefighter clothing with consideration of degradation over time.

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3

Azam, Farooq, Kashif Iqbal, Faiza Safdar, Tanveer Hussain, Munir Ashraf, and Abdur Rehman. "An Investigation Into the Effect of Different Parameters on the Dyeing of High-Performance M-Aramid Fiber and Its Optimization." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 38, no. 2 (August 26, 2019): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x19870872.

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M-aramid fibers have very good flame-retardant properties and are mostly used in protective textiles such as racing or firefighter suits. The dyeing and fastness properties of m-aramid fibers are investigated in this article in a batch process to optimize dyeing parameters such as dye concentration, salt, swelling agent, and temperature. The exhaustion at an acidic pH, preferably in the range of 4–5, indicated good results. The color yield of m-aramid fibers was found to be dependent on the concentration of swelling agent, salt, and dye, as well as the dyeing temperature. The effect of swelling agent on the K/S of m-aramid fibers with cationic dyes, along with their fastness properties, is investigated and reported in detail.

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4

Lee, Jaewoong, R. M. Broughton, S. D. Worley, and T. S. Huang. "Antimicrobial Polymeric Materials; Cellulose and m-Aramid Composite Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 2, no. 4 (December 2007): 155892500700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500700200404.

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Cellulose and m-aramid were dissolved in an ionic liquid, and dry-jet wet spinning was employed to prepare composite fibers which could be rendered antimicrobial through exposure to chlorine bleach. The small domains of the m-aramid allowed a much higher accessibility and degree of chlorination than has been reported even for 100% m-aramid fibers. The mechanical properties including denier, tenacity, and strain at break were evaluated. The chlorinated composite fiber inactivated both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was retained after repeated washing and recharging.

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5

Kim, Ji-Young, Ji-Won Jung, Sam-Soo Kim, and Jae-Woong Lee. "m-Aramid Films in Diverse Coagulants." Textile Coloration and Finishing 21, no. 4 (August 27, 2009): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2009.21.4.063.

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6

Kim, Sam-Soo, Jeong-Eun Park, Da-Un Jung, Byeong-Joo Seo, Man-Woo Huh, and Jae-Woong Lee. "Improved Antimicrobial Efficacy of m-Aramid." Textile Coloration and Finishing 21, no. 5 (October 27, 2009): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2009.21.5.058.

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7

Kim, Sam Soo, and Jaewoong Lee. "Antimicrobial Polyacrylonitrile/m-Aramid Hybrid Composite." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 30 (July 19, 2013): 10297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie400636z.

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8

Zhao, Hui Fang, and Mei Yun Zhang. "Surface Modification of Poly (M-Phenylene isophthalamide) Fibers and its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Aramid Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.205.

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In order to improve the bonding properties between poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers and PMIA-pulp and to improve the mechanical strength of aramid sheets, PMIA fibers have been treated with various chemical modifying agents. The surface morphology of the treated fibers has been analyzed and the mechanical properties of aramid sheets made from the treated PMIA fibers and PMIA-pulp have been investigated. The results show that silane coupling agent modification, phosphoric acid modification and nitrification/reduction modification of PMIA fibers are all helpful for improving the tensile strength and tear strength of aramid sheets, however, they have different effect on the mechanical strength of aramid sheets, and the concentration of chemical modifying agents also has considerable influence on the surface properties of aramid fibers and the mechanical properites of aramid sheets. Aramid handsheets made from PMIA fibers treated with 20% phosphoric acid have the highest mechanical strength, and the tensile strength and tear strength of them are 23.4% and 31.6% higher than that of aramid handsheets made from untreated fibers, respectively, because the treated fiber surface has more oxygenous functional groups and is more rough than the untreated fiber surface.

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9

Lu, Zhaoqing, Yongsheng Zhao, Zhiping Su, Meiyun Zhang, and Bin Yang. "The Effect of Phosphoric Acid Functionalization of Para-aramid Fiber on the Mechanical Property of Para-aramid Sheet." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 3 (September 2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300303.

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The mechanical properties of para-aramid sheet (PAS) are mainly dependent on the interfacial property between para-aramid chopped fibers and fibrids. However, the chemical inertness and smooth surface of para-aramid chopped fiber lead to the poor interfacial adhesion between para-aramid chopped fibers and fibrids. In this study, para-aramid chopped fiber was treated by phosphoric acid (PA) solution with different concentration in order to prepare PAS with high mechanical strength. It was shown that PA -treatment can increase the surface roughness and improve the surface oxygen-containing active groups of para-aramid chopped fibers. In addition, there is a critical value of PA-concentration (20%). Proper PA-treatment gives rise to an increased tensile strength of PAS from 2.41 to 3.41 kN/m by an increment of 41.49%. However, excessive PA -treatment results in a dramatic reduction of tensile strength for para-aramid fibers and also for PAS possibly due to the structure destruction of para-aramid fiber. This work shows a simple but highly-efficient approach for improving the mechanical property of PAS via PA-treatment of para-aramid chopped fibers, and simultaneously elaborating the reinforcing effects for high-performance PAS especially through optimizing the interfacial property between para-aramid chopped fibers and fibrids.

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10

Botan, Mihail, Constantin Georgescu, and Lorena Deleanu. "A Comparing Tribological Study of PBT and PBT with Aramid Fibers, for Block-on-Ring Dry Regime." Applied Mechanics and Materials 658 (October 2014): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.658.283.

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This paper presents a comparative study upon tribological behavior of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and a blend of PBT + This paper presents a comparative study upon tribological behavior of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and a blend of PBT + 10% aramid fibers, in dry regime. Some of the properties of PBT grade CRASTIN 6130 NC010®. The tested materials they were obtained by molding at ICEFS Savinesti Romania. The aramid fibers added into PBT were supplied by Teijin, and have an average length of 125 mm. Tests were done with the help of a block-on-ring tribotester. The tests parameters were: three normal forces (F = 5 N, F = 15 N and F = 30 N), three values of sliding speed (v = 0.25 m/s, v = 0.50 m/s and v = 0.75 m/s) and a sliding distance of L = 5000 m, in dry regime, each test characterized by (F, v, L) being done twice. The conclusion of this research was that adding short aramid fibers in PBT improves the wear resistance, but slightly increases the friction coefficient. Also, the recorded temperatures near the contact are higher for the blend with aramid fibers. SEM investigation revealed particular processes within superficial layers of polymeric blend.

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11

Morikawa, Atsushi, Masa-Aki Kakimoto, and Yoshio Imai. "Preparation of aromatic polyamides from newly separated optically pure phenylindanedicarboxylic acid and their application to enantioseparation." High Performance Polymers 6, no. 4 (August 1994): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/6/4/009.

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An optically pure isomer of 1,l,3.-trimethyl-3-phenylindane-4',5-dicarboxylic acid (PIDA) was obtained by introduction of racemric PIDA to a diester of the optically pure alcohol. D-(-)-pantolactone, followed by hydrolysis of the separated stereoisomer of the diester. Optically active aromatic polyamides (aramids) were synthesized by the reaction of the optically pure PIDA with various aromatic diamines. The specific rotations of these aramids ranged from + 284 to +4416. The aramids were soluble in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine and m-cresol. These materials had glass transition temperatures over 290 'C, and did not decompose below 380 C. The solubility and thermal behaviour were almost the same as those of the racemic aramids. The optically active aramids were examined as a stationary phase for chromatographic enantioseparation. When the aramid derived from p-phenylenediamine was used for this purpose, the stereoisomers of l-phenylethylamine could be easily separated.

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12

Vu, Nguyen, and Stephen Michielsen. "Near room temperature dyeing of m‐aramid fabrics." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 136, no. 45 (July 4, 2019): 48190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.48190.

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13

Alsaadi, Mohamad, and Ahmet Erkliğ. "Mode-I interlaminar fracture of aramid and carbon fibers reinforced epoxy matrix composites at various SiC particle contents." Materials Testing 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0020.

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Abstract The Mode-I interlaminar fracture characteristics of aramid fabric andcarbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites along with the influence of SiC particle content were explored. Double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D 5528 for the purpose of examining the behavior of Mode-I delamination. The results showed that, the adhesion strength of an SiC particle within an aramid/ epoxy composite system was better than that within a carbon/epoxy composite system. The highest values of Mode-I fracture toughness of an aramid fabric/epoxy specimen and a carbon fabric/epoxy specimen were 1391 J × m-2 and 701 J × m-2 with SiC particle contents of 10 wt.-% and 5 wt.-%, respectively. The micrographs from optical and scanning electron microscopes verified the enhancements of Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness behavior.

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14

Kang, Chankyu, Sam Soo Kim, Dajeong Ahn, Soo Jung Kim, and Jaewoong Lee. "Effective surface attachment of Ag nanoparticles on fibers using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride and improvement of antimicrobial properties." RSC Advances 7, no. 38 (2017): 23407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01636k.

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15

Zhao, Hui Fang, and Mei Yun Zhang. "Effect of Formation Nonuniformity on the Mechanical Strength of Aramid Paper." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1265.

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Aramid paper was manufactured using poly (m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers and fibrids, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used as dispersant to improve the uniformity of fiber distribution. The Paper Perfect Formation Analyzer (PPF) and the BFT-1 type β Formation tester were used to determine the formation of the aramid paper, and the relationship between the formation and the mechanical strength of aramid paper was discussed. Results showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of aramid paper before hot calendering is affected strongly by its grammage standard deviation, but is less affected by its formation nonuniformity as a function of the scale of foramtion, the R2 correlation between tensile strength and grammage standard deviation was 0.63, and the R2 correlation between tear strength and grammage standard deviation was 0.73. However, the nonuniformity of formation in the range of scale of formation 0.8-22.7mm has great influence on the tensile strength of aramid paper after hot calendering, and the R2 correlation between tensile strength and formation nonuniformity in this range of scale of formation was greater than 0.58.

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16

Wakatsuki, Kaoru, Souta Onoda, Minami Matsubara, Norimichi Watanabe, Limin Bao, and Hideaki Morikawa. "Quantitative Assessment of Tensile Strength and Degradation Coefficient of m-Aramid/p-Aramid Blended Yarns Used for Outer Layers of Firefighter Clothing under Ultraviolet Light and Correlation with Fabrics Data." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 3948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193948.

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The quantitative relationship between the fraction of UV exposure energy and the retention fraction of tensile strength was investigated on the m-Aramid/p-Aramid blend ratio of spun yarn. An exponential equation to calculate tensile strength from an arbitrary UV exposure energy is evaluated for yarns and fabrics. The spun yarns were exposed to UV light using a xenon-arc weathering meter. The retention fraction of tensile strength decreased exponentially with increasing the fraction of UV exposure energy. Curve fitting of the retention fraction of tensile strength to the fraction of UV exposure energy revealed two groups of degradation coefficients based on the blending ratio of m-Aramid/p-Aramid. The correlation between the degradation coefficients (αy and αf) of spun yarn and fabrics can be linearly regressed. The constant of proportionality in linear regression is considered to be the gap between the structure and the breaking mechanism of the fabric relative to yarn breakage. Based on the correlation between the degradation coefficients of spun yarn and fabrics and a mathematical model of the tensile strength of the spun yarn, the tensile strength of fabrics at a given UV exposure energy can be estimated from the tensile strength of the yarn.

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17

Kim, Sam Soo, Kyu Yul Ryoo, Jinsuk Lim, Byungjoo Seo, and Jaewoong Lee. "Cellulose fibers coated with m-aramid for medical applications." Fibers and Polymers 14, no. 3 (March 2013): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-0409-8.

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18

Winters, Jonas, Raheed Bolia, Wim Dehaen, and Koen Binnemans. "Synthesis of polyaramids in γ-valerolactone-based organic electrolyte solutions." Green Chemistry 23, no. 3 (2021): 1228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc03470c.

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Organic Electrolyte Solutions from γ-valerolactone and [C₈MIm][Cl] can be used as benign alternative solvents to replace NMP in the synthesis and direct spinning of the m-aramid poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide (PMIA).

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19

Lei, Le-Yan, Ya-Hong Mao, Xiao-Feng Xu, Jin-Qu Zheng, Qing-Kang Zheng, Yu Guan, and Xiao-Min Fan. "Effect ofN,N-diethyl-m-toluamide on the structure and dyeing properties ofmeta-aramid andpara-aramid fibre." Coloration Technology 130, no. 5 (September 11, 2014): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12106.

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20

Datta, R. N. "Improving Cut/Chip/Chunk Resistance in Truck Tyres by the Use of Para-Amid Chopped Fibres." International Polymer Science and Technology 32, no. 6 (June 2005): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0503200602.

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The tyre industry is continually striving to improve the cut/chip/chunk resistance of tyre treads while simultaneously maintaining a high level of product quality and product performance. Several approaches have been explored in which the fillers are varied, the cure package is optimised or polymers and their blend ratios are changed, but although each approach provides improvements with regard to cut/chip/chunk resistance, this is at the expense of hysteresis, heat buildup and fatigue properties. With its complete portfolio of aramid fibres, p-aramid (Twaron and Technora) and m-aramid (Teijin Conex), the company Teijin Twaron is the world leader in the field of chopped fibre rubber reinforcement. These chopped fibres provide rubber compounders with a potent tool for expanding the performance of rubber products beyond their current horizons

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21

Ranganathan, Vinitha, Gopinath Konchady, and Shankar Krishnapillai. "Friction and Wear Studies on the Aramid Fibre Based Non-Asbestos Brake Pads for Wind-Mill Application." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.101.

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The increasing demands for indigenous non-toxic friction material for wind mill application with better braking properties is ever expanding and this has motivated the development of non-asbestos brake pads. As an alternative to asbestos friction materials, aramid fibre reinforced phenolic matrix friction composite was developed with fibre content varying from 0 to 7 wt %. Using pin type specimens, their friction and wear behaviour was evaluated against cast iron disc in a pin on disc testing apparatus. The test results at a constant load of 70 N and at two speeds of 1.5 m/s and 5 m/s showed that the coefficient of friction decreased with fibre content and sliding velocity, almost linearly. The wear rate also decreased with increase in fibre content but was following a polynomial relation of third order. A composition which gives frictional coefficient of 0.45 to 0.40 and a minimum wear rate is desirable for the application. The formulation containing 5 wt % aramid fibre exhibited friction in this range and its wear rate was almost closer to the minimal value. Hence, from friction and wear considerations an aramid fibre content of 5 wt % is ideal for this application.

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22

Hashimoto, Isamu, Koji Sumita, and Zheng Song. "Dyeing Behavior of a Disperse Dye on m-Aramid Fiber." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 42, no. 9 (1989): T129—T134. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.42.9_t129.

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23

Kim, Sam Soo, and Jaewoong Lee. "Miscibility and Antimicrobial Properties of m-Aramid/Chitosan Hybrid Composite." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 36 (August 29, 2013): 12703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie400354b.

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24

Udon, Somchai, Panya Srichandr, and Kawee Srikulkit. "Properties of basic dyes on polyacrylonitrile treated m-aramid fabrics." Fibers and Polymers 14, no. 5 (May 2013): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-0736-9.

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25

Zhang, Hua Peng, Xin Xing Feng, Hai Lin Zhu, and Jian Yong Chen. "Effects of Polar Solvent on the Structure and Properties of M-Aramid Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.169.

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The effects of polar solvent on the surface morphology, glass transition temperature, crystalline structure, dimensional changes and dye uptakes of m-aramid fibers were characterized by SEM, DSC, XRD, FTIR and dyeing process after dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent treatment under different conditions. After DMSO solvent treatment, the surface of the fiber is roughened, the diameter of the fiber increases, and the specific surface area is increased. The crystallite size shows a little increase, but the glass transition temperature of the fiber drops sharply. Electron diffraction shows that effects of DMSO on the fiber structure is non-uniform, and the obvious structural changes lie on the outer surface of the fiber. Dye uptake increase has been achieved through the DMSO induced structural changes. The results have been used to improve the dyeability of meta-aramid fiber.

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26

Wang, Yan, Shu Kui Li, and Xin Ya Feng. "The Ballistic Performance of Multi-Layer Kevlar Fabrics Impregnated with Shear Thickening Fluids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 782 (August 2015): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.782.153.

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This study investigates the ballistic penetration performance of aramid fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid. The ballistic test was conducted at impact velocity of 445 m/s, and three types of shear thickening fluids prepared with silica particles of different sizes (200nm, 340nm and 480nm) are involved. The results demonstrate an enhancement in ballistic properties of fabric due to the impregnation of shear thickening fluids. The fabrics with smaller particle size show better ballistic performance. Microscopic observation of aramid fabric reveals that shear thickening fluids with smaller silica particles have a better adhesion on and between yarns, enhancinging the coupling effect between yarns. The corresponding mechanism was discussed in the paper.

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27

Balasubramanian, R., Sujin Park, Sam Soo Kim, and Jaewoong Lee. "Investigation of binary blends of m-aramid and sodium ionomer: Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 6 (June 12, 2018): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718780964.

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Novel hybrid blend with the composition of m-aramid and sodium ionomers with different weight ratio percentage were prepared by the solution blending technique. The prepared composite films were characterized by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The phase structure, compatibility, and morphologies of the composite film were investigated with SEM, DMA, XRD, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The TGA of the composite films shows improvement in the thermal stability. The temperature corresponding to 5% ( T 5%) weight losses is in the range of 101–414°C. The storage modulus (in the range of 01.55–3.0 GPa) and glass transition temperature (in the range of 244–276°C) decreased with an increase in the content of sodium ionomers. The tensile strength of the composite films is in the range of 160–185 MPa. This effective approach shows a potential application in the field of m-aramid-based composites.

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28

Jung, Hyun Jin, Jung Min Kim, and Chang Gi Cho. "Synthesis of Crosslinkable m-Aramid Lonomer Containing Sulfonated Ether Sulfone and Their Characterization for PEMFC Membrane." Polymer Korea 34, no. 3 (May 31, 2010): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2010.34.3.202.

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29

Chen, Ping, Jing Wang, Cheng Shuang Zhang, Chun Lu, Zhen Feng Ding, Shi Pan, Wen Qi, Jing Chao Sun, and Jian Feng Li. "Influence of Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Surface Properties of Armos Fiber." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.430.

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Armos fiber (F-12 aramid fiber in paper) was provided with broad application foreground as reinforcement material for advanced composites in aviation and spaceflight field, due to its outstanding properties, such as high modulus, high strength, high temperature resistance, erosion resistance and so on. However, the exertion of property was still limited by slippery surface, low surface energy and weak interfacial adhesion performance. In this study, the effects of oxygen plasma treatment time on polar functional groups introduced onto the fiber surface, surface free energy and surface topographic images were discussed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, dynamic contact angle analysis system (DCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. It was found that the content of oxygen element and polar functional groups on fiber surface were all increased obviously after oxygen plasma treatment. The content of oxygen element on surface for untreated F-12 aramid fiber was 11.13%, while it increased to 15.20% after oxygen plasma treatment for 10 min; The content of polar functional groups on surface for untreated F-12 aramid fiber was 28.14%, while it increased to 38.11% after oxygen plasma treatment for 10 min. The polar component (γp) of fiber surface energy increased sharply from 6.82 mN/m to 36.68 mN/m after 10 min plasma treatment, the total surface free energy was increased from 46.26 mN/m to 64.66 mN/m.The results indicated that oxygen plasma treatment had introduced a large amount of reactive functional groups onto the fiber surface, and these groups can form together as covalent bonding to improve the surface wettability and increase the surface energy of fibers. At the same time, oxygen plasma treatment was able to generate a mass of bulges and grooves on F-12 aramid fiber surface, which had an active effect on increasing the chemical bond and mechanical function between fiber and resin and enhancing the interfacial adhesion performance of composite. The fiber surface grooves had been increased with the time prolonging before 10 min while decreased after 10 min, the results maybe relate to partial organic on fiber surface melting. It had an adverse effect on the interfacial adhesion properties of composite. Therefore, the optimum plasma treatment time was between 5 min and 10 min.

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30

Shanmugasundaram, S., R. Mohanraj, S. Senthilkumar, and P. Padmapoorani. "Torsional performance of reinforced concrete beam with carbon fiber and aramid fiber laminates." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 2 (2022): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.2.329.

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In the presented research paper, investigated the torsional performance of reinforced concrete beams with light emissions grade of cement utilizing Carbon fiber and its relative investigation with aramid fiber, for its torsional conduct, utilizing both exploratory and insightful strategies. A distinctive example of its strips folded over RC beams and the torsional conduct of these restrengthened beams is considered. Carbon fiber (CF) is utilized as outside support. Reinforced concrete beam retrofitted with CF tried for torsional disappointment utilizing lever arms exposed to torque. The beams have dimensions of 150mm in width and 200mm in depth and 1 m long, as planned according to IS456-2000. Three bars are intended for a twist. Steel has a stronger ultimate strength but a lower density than aramid FRP, as well as being easier to install and requiring no interim support until it reaches its full strength. The impact of various sorts and designs of CF on the initial stage of breaking load, extreme load conveying limit, and disappointment method of the beam are thought about and its relative examination utilizing finite element programming with aramid fiber gives a better outcome for additional investigation.

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31

Kim, Sam Soo, Jiyoung Kim, T. S. Huang, Hyun Suk Whang, and Jaewoong Lee. "Antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) treated with an aromaticN-halamine precursor,m-aramid." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 114, no. 6 (December 15, 2009): 3835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.31016.

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32

Daungkumsawat, Jusmin, Manunya Okhawilai, Krittapas Charoensuk, Radhitya Banuaji Prastowo, Chanchira Jubsilp, Panagiotis Karagiannidis, and Sarawut Rimdusit. "Development of Lightweight and High-Performance Ballistic Helmet Based on Poly(Benzoxazine-co-Urethane) Matrix Reinforced with Aramid Fabric and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122897.

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This study aims to develop a lightweight ballistic helmet based on nanocomposite with matrix of the copolymer of benzoxazine with an urethane prepolymer [poly(BA-a-co-PU)], at mass ratio 80/20, reinforced with aramid fabric and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This has a protection level II according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 0106.01 standard. The effects of MWCNTs mass content in a range of 0 to 2 wt% on tensile, physical and ballistic impact properties of the nanocomposite were investigated. The results revealed that the introduction of MWCNTs enhanced the tensile strength and energy at break of the nanocomposite; the highest values were obtained at 0.25 wt%. In addition, the nanocomposite laminate with 20 plies of aramid fabric showed the lowest back face deformation of 8 mm which was much lower than that specified by the NIJ standard. According to Military Standard (MIL-STD) 662F, the simulation prediction revealed that the ballistic limit of the ballistic helmet nanocomposite was as high as 632 m s−1. The developed laminates made of aramid fabric impregnated with poly(BA-a-co-PU) 80/20 containing 0.25 wt% MWCNTs showed great promise for use as a light weight and high-performance ballistic helmet.

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Okhawilai, Manunya, Tewarak Parnklang, Phattarin Mora, Salim Hiziroglu, and Sarawut Rimdusit. "The energy absorption enhancement in aramid fiber-reinforced poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane) composite armors under ballistic impacts." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418808894.

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Energy absorptions under ballistic impacts of aramid fiber-reinforced poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane) composites at urethane mass concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.% were investigated. The energy absorption of the composite was investigated by subjecting eight plies of the specimen with 9 mm and .44 Magnum according to levels II and IIIA of the National Institute of Justice standard-0101.04. The composite having the urethane mass concentration of 20 wt.% exhibited the synergistic behavior in energy absorption at both levels II and IIIA. The 20 wt.% of PU composite also possessed the greatest tensile strength and modulus. The numerical prediction revealed that the ballistic limit of aramid fiber-reinforced poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane) ballistic panel was as high as 690 m s−1. High energy absorption capabilities of the composites can be tailored for fabricating the ballistic panels in soft armor applications.

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Nechwatal, Axel, and Volker Rossbach. "The Carrier Effect in the m-Aramid Fiber/Cationic Dye/Benzyl Alcohol System." Textile Research Journal 69, no. 9 (September 1999): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759906900903.

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Druzhinina, T. V., and A. V. Istomin. "Features of thermochemical transformations during oxidation of m-,p-aramid–polyacrylonitrile fibrous composites." Fibre Chemistry 45, no. 3 (September 2013): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-013-9496-y.

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Merighi, Stefano, Laura Mazzocchetti, Tiziana Benelli, Emanuele Maccaferri, Andrea Zucchelli, Alberto D'Amore, and Loris Giorgini. "A New Wood Surface Flame‐Retardant Based on Poly‐ m ‐Aramid Electrospun Nanofibers." Polymer Engineering & Science 59, no. 12 (September 13, 2019): 2541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.25235.

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Gloger, Maciej, and Zbigniew Stempien. "Experimental Study of Soft Ballistic Packages with Embroidered Structures Fabricated by Using the Tailored Fiber Placement Technique." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124208.

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Textile ballistic shields are the basis of protection against bullets and fragments with low kinetic energy. They are usually made of para-aramid fabrics or unidirectional structure (UD) sheets of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The aim of the research presented in the article was to obtain ballistic packages made of embroidered structures and to compare their ballistic properties with those of woven structures in terms of deformation of the standardized ballistic substrate after impact with a 9 mm bullet at a velocity of 380 ± 3 m/s. Using the tailored fiber placement method, embroidered structures were fabricated by embroidering two sets of para-aramid threads at an angle of 90°. As the woven structures, the use of para-aramid fabric made of the same yarn and with a surface weight comparable to that of embroidered structures was adopted. Ballistic packages consisted of 26 layers in five variants, also taking into account the hybrid arrangement of woven and embroidered layers. Ballistic tests have shown that the best ballistic properties have hybrid packages made by folding 13 woven and then 13 embroidered layers, where the maximum deformation of the plasticine substrate is below 23 mm. The conducted research confirmed that embroidered structures in appropriate combination with woven structures can significantly improve the ballistic properties of textile packages.

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Kośla, Katarzyna, Paweł Kubiak, Marcin Łandwijt, Wioleta Urbaniak, and Agnieszka Kucharska-Jastrząbek. "Fragment-Resistant Property Optimization within Ballistic Inserts Obtained on the Basis of Para-Aramid Materials." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062314.

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A high protection level without an excessive weight is a basic assumption in the design of modern armors and protection systems. Optimizing armors is a task of development of the utmost importance, and is the subject of the work contained within this article. Optimization of ballistic inserts was carried out using multicriterial analysis (MCA), which enables the selection of the optimal composition, taking into account properties such as ballistic resistance, physicomechanical, and/or functional properties. For this purpose, various types of composite systems were produced and tested in terms of their fragment-resistant properties according to STANAG 2920 and the composite areal density of different ballistic inserts: Soft inserts made of Twaron® para-aramid sheets, hard ballistic inserts made of multilayer hot-pressed preimpregnated sheets, and hybrid hard ballistic inserts prepared on the basis of multilayer hot-pressed preimpregnated sheets and ceramics. The application of MCA and performance of experimental fragment resistance tests for a wide spectrum of para-aramid inserts are part of the novelty of this work. The obtained test results showed that depending on the composition of the composite system, we could obtain a wide range of fragmentation resistance in the range of 300 to >1800 m/s, which depended on the areal density and type of composite system used. The results also confirmed that MCA is a good computational tool to select the optimal design of para-aramid ballistic inserts.

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Baek, Byungwoon, Wan Jin Kim, and Yong Sik Chung. "Preparation and Morphological Characteristics of m-Aramid Fibrid Using a Non-solvent of Ethanol." Textile Science and Engineering 51, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12772/tse.2014.51.114.

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Azam, Farooq, Kashif Iqbal, and Faiza Safdar. "Optimization of high performance m-aramid fiber with disperse dye containing high color strength." Color Research & Application 44, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.22331.

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Yu, Jihye, Young-Gon Kim, Dong Young Kim, Sungho Lee, Han-Ik Joh, and Seong Mu Jo. "Super high flux microfiltration based on electrospun nanofibrous m-aramid membranes for water treatment." Macromolecular Research 23, no. 7 (June 13, 2015): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-015-3086-1.

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Pîrvu, Cătălin, and Lorena Deleanu. "Failure Investigation of Layered LFT SB1plus Package after Ballistic Tests for Level IIA." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172912.

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The main objective of this study focuses on designing and testing body protection systems using advanced materials based on aramid fibers, for high impact speeds of up to 420 ± 10 m/s. Ballistic applications of aramid fiber-based composites mostly include soft body armors. The investigation of the failure mechanisms identifies issues of protective fabrics, major challenges and technological problems for efficient development of these systems. The authors present an investigation on the failure processes and destructive stages of a ballistic package made of successive layers of LFT SB1plus, a trade name for a multiaxial fabric by Twaron Laminated Fabric Technology (LFT), taking into account the particular test conditions from NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor. The main parameter of interest was the backface signature (BFS), but also details of projectile arrest and SEM investigation could offer arguments for using this material for individual protection. For the reported tests, the maximum and minimum values for BFS were 12 mm and 24 mm, the mean value being 18.66 mm and the standard deviation being 3.8 mm.

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Lowde, Michael John, Henry George Arthur Peters, Ruadan Geraghty, Jasper Graham-Jones, Richard Pemberton, and John Summerscales. "The 100 m Composite Ship?" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030408.

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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites are widely used in large marine structures, and in wind turbines where blade lengths are now over 100 m. Composites are the material of choice for small vessels due to ease of manufacture, high hull girder stiffness, buckling resistance, corrosion resistance and underwater shock resistance. Ships over 100 m are still built using traditional steel and/or aluminium, but so far not FRP. Composite ship lengths have increased over the past 50 years, but fundamental technical challenges remain for the 100 m composite ship. Preliminary studies suggest a possible 30% saving in structural weight, a 7–21% reduction in full load displacement, and a cost saving of 15%. However, economic considerations, design codes, manufacturing limits, safety and end of life scenarios need to be addressed before a 100 m ship is built. Innovative materials and structures, notably carbon fibre composite skinned sandwich construction, or aramid fibres with vinylester modified epoxy resin, should result in increased mechanical performance and consequent improvements in economics and manufacturing processes. A linear extrapolation of length vs. launch dates predicts the first 100 m ship would be launched in 2042.

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Balasubramanian, R., Sujin Park, Sam Soo Kim, and Jaewoong Lee. "Studies on the thermal, mechanical, compatibility, and morphological properties of zinc-neutralized ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer blend with m-aramid." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 9 (January 20, 2019): 1234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718820397.

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A series of binary composite blends of m-aramid/zinc ionomer ( m-Ar/ZnI) with different weight ratio were prepared by the solution blend technique. These composite films were characterized in terms of the structure, crystallinity, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties. The temperature corresponding to 5% ( T5%) weight loss are in the range of 101–438°C. The composite films showed good storage modulus (in the range of 2.1–3.1 GPa) and high glass transition temperature ( Tg) (in the range of 254–278°C) and exhibited good tensile strength but it decreased with an increase in the content of ZnI. The strong compatibilizing effect was observed between the m-Ar and ZnI components, where exceptionally self-assembled morphology was formed in the m-Ar/ZnI composite films. The most favorable mechanical and thermal data supported by the finest structure were observed with 3:0.50 weight ratio. This study evaluates the efficiency of ionomer in m-Ar/ZnI composite blends.

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Oh, Chorong, Sunmi Kim, Gyusang Park, Seongman Choi, Dai Soo Lee, Rhoshin Myoung, and Woncheol Kim. "Infrared Emissivity of Stainless Steel Coated with Composites of Copper Particle and m-Aramid Resin." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2017.21.1.001.

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Jeong, Young Gyu, and Gil Woo Jeon. "Microstructure and Performance of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/m-Aramid Composite Films as Electric Heating Elements." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5, no. 14 (July 8, 2013): 6527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am400892k.

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Kim, Wan Jin, Hyeon Yeong Lee, Byungwoon Baek, and Yong Sik Chung. "Preparation and Morphological Characteristics of m-Aramid Fibrid Using a Fibridator of High Rotation Speed." Textile Science and Engineering 52, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12772/tse.2015.52.026.

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Lei, Danyun, Tae Hoon Ko, Jae-Yeon Yang, Xiang-Dan Li, Min-Kang Seo, Hak-Yong Kim, and Byoung-Suhk Kim. "Flexible high-temperature sheet-type electric heaters using m-aramid/functionalized MWCNTs hybrid nanofiber composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 166 (June 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.11.111.

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Kim, Sam Soo, Ji Min Lee, Ho Hyun Cho, and Kyu Yul Ryoo. "Characteristics of Recycled m-Aramid and TPP Complex Solutions in Preparation and Cotton Fibers after Coating." Textile Coloration and Finishing 25, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2013.25.4.292.

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Jeon, Gil Woo, and Young Gyu Jeong. "Electric heating films based on m-aramid nanocomposites containing hybrid fillers of graphene and carbon nanotube." Journal of Materials Science 48, no. 11 (February 13, 2013): 4041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7216-x.

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