Journal articles on the topic 'M A Criticism and interpretation'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: M A Criticism and interpretation.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'M A Criticism and interpretation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nizhnikov, Sergei Anatol'evich, and Argen Ishenbekovich Kadyrov. "SIGNIFICANCE OF METAPHYSICS’ CRITICISM IN M. HEIDEGGER'S CREATIVITY." Metafizika, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2020-1-38-46.
Full textAbstract:
Despite various interpretations of Heidegger's philosophy, he is undeniably a deep critic of the metaphysical tradition in European philosophy. His task of overcoming metaphysics once again aroused interest in the fundamental issues of life in the era of the total dominance of private sciences. In the article, the authors explore the concept of metaphysics and its criticism in the work of M. Heidegger, as well as subsequent interpretations, in particular by O. Peggeler (“New Ways with Heidegger”, 1992). Criticism of metaphysics was a necessary condition for overcoming it to build a fundamental ontology. Having experienced the influence of Nietzsche, Heidegger does not remain a Nietzschean, because he considers him the last metaphysician to be overcome. In this regard, Peggeler recognizes Heidegger's main work not as “Being and Time”, but as “Reports to Philosophy” (1936), where he sought to reveal the primary sources of the concept of metaphysics. Heidegger's views regarding the interpretation of the development of metaphysics in different historical eras are specially considered.
2
Барицкий, Димитрий. "M. M. Bakhtin’s Hermeneutic Theory." Theological Herald, no. 1(36) (March 15, 2020): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2020-36-1-244-263.
Full textAbstract:
Основная цель, которую ставит перед собор автор статьи, - привлечь внимание к герменевтической теории м. м. Бахтина и указать на её актуальность в рамках такого направления филологического анализа текста, как религиозное литературоведение. в статье в систематическом виде изложены основные положения герменевтической теории учёного. в начале рассматривается общая теория познания м. м. Бахтина, важное место в которой занимают понятия «монологизм» и «диалогизм». После особое внимание направляется на его концепцию структуры содержательной стороны произведения, и здесь изучаются понятия «знак», «значение» и «смысл». отдельно выделяются критерии, которые, по мнению м. м. Бахтина, сообщают смыслу текста стабильную форму, а также приводится критика учёным литературоведческого структурализма. Помимо этого, автор обращает внимание на ту методологию интерпретации произведения, которая складываются на основе предложенной теории текста. в заключение даётся оценка тому эвристическому потенциалу, которым может обладать герменевтическая теория м. м. Бахтина в контексте анализа произведений мировой классической литературы. The main goal of the author of the article is to draw attention to M. M. Bakhtin’s hermeneutic theory and to point out its relevance in the framework of such a direction of philological analysis of the text as «religious literary criticism». The article presents the main terms of the hermeneutical theory of the scientist in a systematic way. In the beginning, we consider the general theory of knowledge of M. M. Bakhtin, an important place in the framework of which is occupied by such concepts as «monologism» and «dialogism». After that, special attention is paid to the scientist’s concept of the structure of the content side of the work, in which such concepts as «sign», «signification» and «meaning» play an important role. The criteria that, according to M. M. Bakhtin, give the meaning of the text a stable form are singled out separately, and academic criticism of literary structuralism is also given. In addition, the author pays attention to the methodology of interpretation of the work, which is formed on the basis of the proposed theory of the text. In conclusion, we assess the heuristic potential that M. M. Bakhtin’s hermeneutical theory can have in the context of analyzing works of world classical literature.
3
Fahmi Hidayatullah, Muhammad, and Firmanda Taufiq. "TEKS DAN DISKURSUS OTORITAS MENURUT KHALED M. ABOU EL-FADL." Risâlah, Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Islam 7, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/jurnal_risalah.v7i1.170.
Full textAbstract:
In it contains authoritative references in religious matters. Meanwhile, in Khaled's view, Islamic jurists are a source of legitimacy in interpreting religious texts. Khaled tried to criticize the construction of authoritarianism in Islamic law, especially regarding the criticism of the misogynistic fatwas issued by the Council for Scientific Research and Legal Opinion (CRLO) and The Society for Adherence to the Sunnah (SAS). In this article, this article analyzes and examines how Khaled M. Abou El-Fadl's ideas offer in matters of text and discourse of authority in Islamic studies, especially those related to the interpretation of religious texts, namely the Al-Quran and hadith. While the method used in this research is a qualitative method using a descriptive-analysis approach. From various facts and data obtained, then analyzed and narrated descriptively with reference to the focus of this study. Based on the research findings, it was found that religious texts should be able to be translated and read properly according to their context, especially the authority and authoritarianism inherent in Islamic studies.
4
Kocherga, Svitlana, and Oleksandra Visych. "The antitheatrical discourse in Ukrainian metadrama in the early twentieth century." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5985.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes methods of implementing antitheatrical discourse in Ukrainian dramaturgy. Different types of antitheatricality in literary texts are distinguished on the basis of plays by M. Starytskyi, I. Karpenko-Karyi, A. Krushelnytskyi, V. Vynnychenko, Ya. Mamontiv, V. Cherednychenko, and M. Kulish. The authors define key vectors that the antitheatrical discourse follows: criticism of theater as an institution, criticism of the drama school / method, criticism of theatricality and acting, including in offstage situations. It is arguably reasonable to examine the phenomenon of antitheatrical prejudice in the context of the theory of metadrama as one of its factors. Artistic interpretation of the theater in an ironic or farcical vein, discussions over the repertoire that is no longer relevant, the aesthetic nature of stage technique, and discredit of acting as an occupation all generally encourage dramatic conventionality to double. Most common metadramatic devices used to implement antitheatricality in Ukrainian drama are believed to include a play within a play, adaptation of spectator’s reception for stage, and intertextual references.
5
Shcherbina, Yu I. "Appeal to the Work of F. M. Dostoevsky by Russian Emigration in Chekhia: A. L. Bem and the Psychoanalytic Method of Interpreting a Work of Art." Philosophical Letters. Russian and European Dialogue 3, no. 4 (December 2020): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2658-5413-2020-3-4-146-157.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the conversion around works of F. M. Dostoevsky which took place among Czech intellectuals, among whom there were a lot of immigrants from Russia. In this context, the example of Alfred Ludwigovich Bem is indicative. The article reveals main reasons for the interest in Dostoevsky in Czechoslovakia. An important role in the study of Dostoevsky was played by the so-called ‘Russian action of aid’ and ‘Russian trace’ left by the exiles in Prague. In this regard, A. L. Bem is interesting not only as a researcher who devoted many works to Dostoevsky’s work but also as one of the founders of Dostoevsky’s first international society. Bem was also one of the first researchers who applied psychoanalysis to the interpretation of Dostoevsky’s literary works. He was also one of those who also analyzed the specifics of using psychoanalytic methods in literary criticism. The article reveals the methodological basis of Bem’s interpretation: attention is drawn not only to the connection between the theme “Dostoevsky and his Reader” and psychoanalysis (Bem’s ‘method of small observations’), but also to the origins of Bem’s interpretation of psychoanalysis associated with the formal school in literary criticism; the disadvantages of psychoanalysis as a way of interpreting a work of art are emphasized.
6
West, Stephanie. "Laertes revisited." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 35 (1989): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500005162.
Full textAbstract:
Reunited after nearly twenty years' separation, Odysseus and Penelope retire at last to bed, οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα | ἀσπάσιοι λέκτροιο παλαιοῦ θεσμὸν ἵκοντο (Od.23.295–6). This, we are told in the scholia, was for the two greatest Homeric scholars of antiquity theτέλος; of theOdyssey: τοῦτο τέλος τῆς Όδυσσείας φησὶν Άρίσταρχος καὶ Άρισιοφάνης (H, M, Q), Άρισιοφάνης δὲ καὶ Άρίσταρχος πέρας τῆς Όδυσσείας τοῦτο ποιοῦνται (M, V, Vind. 133). The interpretation of this testimony poses one of the most important problems of Homeric scholarship; Bethe did not exaggerate its significance when he wrote ‘Es hängt von der Auffassung dieses Scholions die Beurteilung unserer Homerüberlieferung überhaupt ab und mit ihr die Frage, was der Kritik gegenüber der Ilias und Odyssee erlaubt ist’. (‘The interpretation of this scholium is of vital significance for our view of the transmission of the Homeric text as a whole, and for the question of the proper limits of criticism where theIliadandOdysseyare concerned’.) Here, as all too often, we are frustrated by the abbreviated condition of theOdyssey-scholia which, as the poem draws to a close, reflect in their increasing concision the diminishing energies of those to whom we owe our knowledge of ancient Homeric scholarship,Prima facie, the note tells us that Aristophanes and Aristarchus took 23.296 as the limit of theOdyssey; this is commonly understood to mean that they judged the Epilogue to be unhomeric, but this interpretation is not free from difficulty, and some have maintained that the note represents aesthetic criticism.
7
Ferraro, Giuseppe. "A Criticism of M. Siderits and J. L. Garfield’s ‘Semantic Interpretation’ of Nāgārjuna’s Theory of Two Truths." Journal of Indian Philosophy 41, no. 2 (April 2013): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-013-9179-2.
Full text
8
Maltsev, K. G., and A. L. Alaverdyan. "REPRESENTATION OF NATIONALISM: STRUCTURE, CONTENT, CRITICISM." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-100.
Full textAbstract:
Nationalism determines modernity — L. Grinfeld’s thesis at the very beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century (repeating the judgment of E. Keduri in the early 60s), unexpectedly for liberal social science, immediately acquired political relevance. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for this «surprise»: the representation of the nation in the economic paradigm of the political (D. Agamben’s term) as a civic association of freely self-determining autonomous individuals-citizens excludes the possibility of national conflicts, the reality of which is obvious. Objective scientific research within the disciplinary structure of modern science has as a given object of research in the representation: thus, a philosophical interpretation becomes necessary as a method of criticizing the representation of the nation and the national in the economic paradigm. It has been established that the representation of a nation is normatively and value-wise conditioned by the foundations of «liberal metaphysics»; it is necessary to distinguish between «civil» and «ethnic» nationalisms, which does not have «empirical foundations» (R. Brubaker); attribution to value as a way of constructing an ideal-typical concept of nationalism presupposes the need for an assessment conditioned by the way nationalism is presented; the moral and political disqualification of «ethnic nationalism» as an invalid «remnant» (V. Pareto) is thus «built in» into scientific research, which is at the same time an ideological instrument and a political program. The philosophical interpretation of the meaning of the representation of nationalism in liberal social science, external in relation to the dominant paradigm of the political, provides scientific novelty and leads to the conclusion: a «civil nation» is valid as a political project that presupposes a «historiographic recalculation of the past» (M. Heidegger), retrospectively placing the beginning of nationalism in past. In the course of the presentation, the practical significance of the conclusion is clarified: the theory of the «civilized nation» presupposes drawing a border between «civilized» and — «cultural» and «natural» nationalisms as political enemies that must be removed: drawing the line between «civil» and «ethnic» nationalisms has both scientific and political significance; These circumstances contribute to the understanding of the meaning and the assigned goal of the nation-building process and the practice of national politics.
9
BUDNYI, Vasyl. "BOHDAN LEPKY`S LITERARY CRITICISM IN “SLOVANSKÝ PŘEHLED” JOURNALLITERARY CRITICISM IN “SLOVANSKÝ PŘEHLED” JOURNAL." Problems of slavonic studies, no. 68 (2019): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3077.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: A famous literary critic and writer, representative of the “Moloda Muza” group, B. Lepky was published in numerous Ukrainian and foreign journals in the early twentieth century. Today, his cooperation with Polish and German editions has been partially explored, but the Czech direction remains almost unclear. There are only individual references to B. Lepky's cultural publications in the “Slovanský přehled” journal in the works of V. Doroshenko, V. Lev, B. Rubchak. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the interpretative bases of B. Lepky's publications in “Slovanský přehled”, namely, five annual reviews of Ukrainian literature (1901, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1906) and three cultural pieces of knowledge: about the composer M. Lysenko, about the translation of short stories by M. Kotsiubynsky into Polish, and the scientific works of M. Hrushevsky, B. Barvinsky and V. Shchurat. Results: B. Lepky followed I. Franko in editing “Slovanský přehled” journal. I. Franko prepared the ground for the Czechs to familiarize them with Ukrainian literature. In a series of annual reviews, B. Lepky considered Ukrainian literature in the pan-European context, translating the realities of national culture into the language of universal cultural concepts. Not contradicting realism and modernism, the critic appraised the high artistic value of the works by Lesya Ukrainka, V. Stefanyk, M. Kotsyubynsky, O. Kobylyanska, which were marked by modern stylistic trends. Trying to convey the original content to the foreign reader, B. Lepky approached his critical speech to the poetic one, painting it with impressionistic strokes and symbolic imagery. The author concluded that the importance of B. Lepky’s Czech publications was important for understanding the ways in which Ukrainian writing was modernized and contextualized in Slavic and pan-European culture in the early twentieth century. Key words: Modernism period, literary process, critical writing, literary review, review, contextualization, impressionism, symbolism.
10
Osovskiy, Oleg E., and Svetlana A. Dubrovskaya. "G.M. Fredlender’s Review on M.M. Bakhtin’s “To the Issues of the Methodology of the Aesthetics of Verbal-artistic Creativity”." Studia Litterarum 7, no. 4 (2022): 316–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2022-7-4-316-335.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents G. Friedlander’s peer-review on M. Bakhtin’s manuscript of the collection of works. This is the first publication of G. Friedlander’s text written at December 26, 1973. It provides the detailed analysis and assessment of Bakhtin’s book that was published in 1975 under the title “Questions of Literature and Aesthetics.” Highly assessing the scholar’s contribution to Russian literary criticism, the reviewer underlines the innovative nature of the previously unpublished articles in the collection. Bakhtin’s attitude to the “formal school” and his criticism of “material aesthetics” are also important to him. It allows G. Friedlander to name Bakhtin among the most authoritative opponents of structuralism and other schools of Western literary criticism. The most significant to the reviewer are Bakhtin’s discoveries in the field of historical poetics, primarily in the history and theory of the novel. One of the points of G. Friedlander’s disagreement was the interpretation of Gogol’s laughter in the context of Rabelais’ work. The publication of the review is accompanied by the preface, which reconstructs the context of the reception of Bakhtin’s ideas in the late Soviet era, indicates the points of dialogue between G. Friedlander and M. Bakhtin in the 1950s–1970s. The publication is provided with notes.
11
Ramirez Ortega, Graciela. "The reception of the novel by M. Bulgakov “Master and Margarita” in the Ibero-American cultural space." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-578-584.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this work is to analyze the reviews of the novel “Master and Margarita” in Latin American criticism; to identify and describe the dominant ways of reception of the novel, to draw conclusions about the features of its literacy and critical interpretation in Latin America. In this paper we have the opportunity to trace path of Bulgakov’s novel through Spain to Latin America and, in particular, to Mexico, since in most cases, Latin American countries first become acquainted with foreign works of literature through translations into Spanish from Spain, which are made for large publishing houses such as “Alianza”, “Mondadori”, “Cátedra”.
12
Novoseltseva, A. V. "A novel study: history and modernity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 64, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2019-64-2-200-208.
Full textAbstract:
There is the necessity in the contemporary science of literature for development of the intra-genre novel typology to systematize the knowledge of certain novel texts and determine the aesthetic possibilities of the modern novel. Traditionally the genre novel typology is considered in social-historical way and based on its content characteristics. Representatives of formalistic approach suppose the genre as a system of methods; they emphasize the artistic uniqueness of new novel form, which determines the specificity of the plot development and theme disclosure in a novel. G. N. Pospelov associates the interpretation of characters with the plot-composition peculiarities, M. M. Bakhtin formulates the idea of dialogue, defines the monologic and polyphonic novels. Bakhtin’s novel theory is developed by N. A. Verderevskaya, focusing on the image structure of protagonist. A. Ya. Esalnek considers the genre of a novel in close interconnection between the method and style of the author. N. S. Leites carries on the tradition of formalistic approach, and according to the type of plot formation, singles out a novel of direct and indirect reflection. N. D. Tamarchenko retraces the novel evolution through its aesthetic potential in the works of famous authors. The classifications developed in Western European literary criticism (the Anglo-American school of “neo criticism”, the German school of “interpretation”) are distinguished with dualism or variability. They focus on the structural organization, the artistic relationship between the author and narrator, author and character.
13
Futljaev, Nikita S., and Dmitry N. Zhatkin. "Russian Fate of the Poem by Robert Burns «Who is that at my bower-door?..»." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-7-284-298.
Full textAbstract:
The Russian translation reception of Robert Burns's poem “Who is that at my bower-door?..” (1783) is for the first time considered in the article. It is emphasized that the comic work did not attract the attention of Russian translators until 1862, when the unsatisfactory interpretation of V. D. Kostomarov, deprived of the emotionality of the English original, came out. The results of the analysis of translations of the poem created by M. N. Shelgunov (1879), T. L. Shchepkina-Kupernik (publ. 1936), S. Ya. Marshak (1939), S. Sapozhnikov (publ. 2014), E. D. Feldman (2017), A. V. Krotkov (publ. 2018) are presented. The perception of Burns’ work in Russian literary criticism and literary criticism is comprehended. In particular, numerous reviews and studies are analyzed (A. T. Twardowski, K. I. Chukovsky, E. G. Etkind, T. B. Liokumovich, R. Ya. Wright-Kovaleva, A. Bobyleva), caused by S. Ya. Marshak translation, who, despite all his liberties, preserved the atmosphere of a lively conversation between two people, and emphasized their intonational, emotional and gender differences. It is noted that, having entered into a polemic with S. Ya. Marshak, who made Burns unnecessarily classic and stylistically “smooth”, modern translators created interpretations in the spirit of courteous poetry, largely devoid of the aesthetics of the original, its unique melody.
14
Strawn, Brent A. "Docetism, Käsemann, and Christology: Can Historical Criticism Help Christological Orthodoxy (and Other Theology) After All?" Journal of Theological Interpretation 2, no. 2 (2008): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26421399.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Thinking theology and history together is a difficult task and a longstanding problem. While in prior centuries history has typically dominated the dyad, recent progress in the theological interpretation of Scripture has begun to reverse this trend, often at the expense of the historical-critical method. A case study of both of these points may be found in the work of Ernst Käsemann and, particularly, in A. K. M. Adam's recent critique thereof—especially Käsemann's comment that historical criticism protects against docetism. Looking closely at Adam's article and Käsemann's work on the historical Jesus, the present study concludes that, while several of Adam's points against historical criticism writ large may well be correct, his direct attack on Käsemann is misplaced. An analysis of Käsemann's positions on the uniqueness of the Gospel genre and the importance of the historical Jesus to the earliest kerygma reveals that, far from a simplistic commendation of historical criticism, Käsemann offers something of a via media between theology and history. Perhaps better, Käsemann's work represents a theological use of history. If such a theological use of history (or of historical criticism) is permitted, Käsemann's work not only eludes Adam's criticism, it actually becomes a partner in support of, not an adversary to, his larger argument regarding the limited usefulness of "mere history." Käsemann's synthesis of the historical and the theological thus shows itself to be a viable option in the theology-history nexus—one that retains its usefulness in a way that Adam's critique has not yet obviated.
15
Strawn, Brent A. "Docetism, Käsemann, and Christology: Can Historical Criticism Help Christological Orthodoxy (and Other Theology) After All?" Journal of Theological Interpretation 2, no. 2 (2008): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jtheointe.2.2.0161.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Thinking theology and history together is a difficult task and a longstanding problem. While in prior centuries history has typically dominated the dyad, recent progress in the theological interpretation of Scripture has begun to reverse this trend, often at the expense of the historical-critical method. A case study of both of these points may be found in the work of Ernst Käsemann and, particularly, in A. K. M. Adam's recent critique thereof—especially Käsemann's comment that historical criticism protects against docetism. Looking closely at Adam's article and Käsemann's work on the historical Jesus, the present study concludes that, while several of Adam's points against historical criticism writ large may well be correct, his direct attack on Käsemann is misplaced. An analysis of Käsemann's positions on the uniqueness of the Gospel genre and the importance of the historical Jesus to the earliest kerygma reveals that, far from a simplistic commendation of historical criticism, Käsemann offers something of a via media between theology and history. Perhaps better, Käsemann's work represents a theological use of history. If such a theological use of history (or of historical criticism) is permitted, Käsemann's work not only eludes Adam's criticism, it actually becomes a partner in support of, not an adversary to, his larger argument regarding the limited usefulness of "mere history." Käsemann's synthesis of the historical and the theological thus shows itself to be a viable option in the theology-history nexus—one that retains its usefulness in a way that Adam's critique has not yet obviated.
16
Callahan, Allen Dwight. "John Chrysostom on Philemon: A Response To Margaret M. Mitchell." Harvard Theological Review 88, no. 1 (January 1995): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000030418.
Full textAbstract:
I thank Margaret M. Mitchell for her thoughtful criticisms of my article on the interpretation of Paul's Epistle to Philemon. She has pointed out certain limitations of my arguments, both on the culpability of John Chrysostom as the earliest disseminator of the familiar interpretation that Onesimus is a slave and runaway, against which I have inveighed, and also in other areas where, in her parlance, my constructive arguments seem vulnerable. I am gratified that my admittedly unconventional reading has been engaged seriously and thoughtfully by a colleague well versed in both the Pauline corpus and patristic exegesis.
17
Novák, Lukáš. "Divine Ideas, Instants of Nature, and the Spectre of “verum esse secundum quid ” A Criticism of M. Renemann’s Interpretation of Scotus." Studia Neoaristotelica 9, no. 2 (2012): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar2012928.
Full text
18
Rizqi, Muhammad Shobahur. "Servant Leaders: Umar Bin Khattab (13-23 H / 634-644 M)." Buletin Al-Turas 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v22i1.2928.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrak Tujuan kajian ini adalah pertama, untuk melihat sosok kepemimpinan Umar bin Khattab dalam sudut pandangan konsep servant leadership. Kedua, untukmelihat kebijakan-kebijakan yang diterapkan Umar bin Khattab dalam memimpinrakyatnya, dan ketiga, melihat implikasi-implikasi dari kebijakan yang diterapkantersebut, baik implikasi positif maupun negatifnya.Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah dengan metode deskriptifanalisis, yaitu suatu metode pemaparan peristiwa melalui analisa-analisa. Metode ini dilakukan melalui empat tahap: (1) heuristik atau teknik mencari,mengumpulkan data atau sumber, (2) verifikasi atau kritik sumber, yaitumengidentifikasi otentisitas dan kredibilitas sumber melalui kritik eksteren daninteren, (3) interpretasi atau penafsiran sejarah disebut juga analisis sejarah, yaitumenguraikan segala factor yang menyebabkan terjadinya suatu peristiwa, (4)penulisan, pemaparan atau laporan hasil penelitian sejarah yang telah dilakukan.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan Umar bin Khattab sangat identicdengan servant leader. Pola kepemimpinan yang diterapkan Umar bin Khattabmemenuhi syarat sebagai seorang servant leader. Pola tersebut telahmengantarkannya pada kejayaan. Namun demikian, Umar bin Khattab tetaplahsosok manusia biasa yang tak luput dari kesalahan. Hal ini pula yang kemudianmengantarkan Umar pada kematiannya. Kata Kunci:Kepemimpinan, Umar bin Khattab, Servant Leadership ------- Abstract The goal of this research are: first to know the leadership of Umar bin Khattab on perspective of concept servant leadership. Second, to know the policies applied by Umar Khttab in conducting his government. Third, to know the implication and policies, positive and negative. This research uses deskriptif analysis, by describing the chronological order through analysis. This method is conducted in four steps: (1) heuristics or tracing technic. (2) verivication or source criticism, identifying authentication and source credibility through external and internal criticism, (3) historical interpretation also known as historical analysis, by explaining all factors causing the events (4) writing process, explaining or reporting the result of historical research that has been done.This research concludes that Umar bin Khattab’s leadership is identical to servant leadership. His leadership style had delivered him to the glory. However, Umar bin Khattab is an ordinary human being who can do no wrong and mistakes. This also led him to his death. Keywords: leadership, Umar bin Khattab, Servant Leadership
19
Kropyvko, Iryna V. "INTERPRETATIVE STRATEGIES OF MODERN PROSE IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CRITICISM." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-2.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the research is to consider the interpretive strategies with respect to modern prose in the context of critical anthropology, which, on the one hand, unveils mentality of modern person, and on the other hand, influences its formation. This article identifies the theoretical foundations of interpretive strategies in anthropological criticism. The theoretical framework of the research is grounded on the ideas advanced by T. Boellstorff, A. Brandel, O. Halchuk, O. Haleta, V. Iser, M. P. Markowski, O. Polishchuk, N. Rapport, E. Wiles, B. Williams and other scholars. Research methods include anthropology, hermeneutics, and theoretical analysis of their basic notions. The academic novelty is in new emphasis on considering interpretive strategies of modern prose in terms of anthropological criticism. The interpretive strategies are viewed as an aspect that emphasizes the specificity of modern person’s way of thinking its direction. Modern person’s imaginative way of thinking is gradually balanced in life by abstract and conceptual framings. The study of interpretive strategies in terms of critical anthropology helps to solve two tasks: to find out how the non-academic community regards the image of oneself as a person of today, and to highlight the mechanisms and specificity of figurative thinking that manifests itself through involvement into art either as author or as recipient. It affects personal disposition as well as self-identification. Reader’s text interpretation procedure includes the processes of text creation as well as the reader’s inscription in the text itself. Besides, the process of text interpretation throughout the reading determines the production of long-term reader’s self-reflection. Nowadays literary anthropology and criticism makes it possible to consider author, recipient, and critic as cultural actants of the literary field. It also makes it possible to trace the way the image of modern person is revealed in literary text, and what are the mechanisms and strategies that create this image of the reader. Thus, the aesthetic parameters of the reception of the literary work are inscribed in the reader that influence the scope of interpretation and, accordingly, the personal growth of the recipient as it is revealed in the text. Conclusion. Interpretive strategies are recognized as a variety of textual devices along with narrative and receptive ones. Modern prose, positioned as belonging to post-non-classical literature, in contrast to classical and non-classical ones, are able to implement not one, but several different strategies focused on different types of perception. Interpretive strategies inscribed in modern texts reflect the specifics of Homo digitalis as well as virtual environment. The study of the “virtuality” of modern prose is effective in applying the methods of literary anthropology. Its interests are gradually shifting from a supporting function in the study of person by cultural and social anthropology to the analysis of literary text relying on the achievements of anthropological criticism for verifying and revealing the specifics of literary creativity and the activity of actants in the diverse literary writings.
20
Iseni, S. "Reply to ‘Commentary on Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure, (2020) Plasma Res. Express 2 025014)’." Plasma Research Express 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 018001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ac61c2.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This is a Reply to the Comment of Dozias S., Pouvesle J.-M. and Robert E. on the paper ‘Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure’. The criticism in the Comment, namely that the measurements and the subsequent interpretations are wrong, seems to be invalid. Additional information will be detailed to discuss the point of view of the authors. However, the criticism raises an interesting comparison of two data sets presented in a normalized color scale. The resulting figure clearly supports the argument that the plasma-induced electric field measurements are consistent and validates the experimental investigation.
21
Falach, Ghulam. "KONTRIBUSI POSITIF ORIENTALISME: KAJIAN ATAS REINHART DOZY (1820-1883 M)." Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam 20, no. 1 (September 6, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ref.2020.2001-06.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of Orientalist thought is nothing but to reconstruct and influence Islamic civilization. Their enthusiasm to activate orientalism is increasingly challenged by the presence of Islam as a religion that has followers of most of the world's population. One of the actions of orientalism towards the Islamic world is to start a research movement on the Qur'an and al-Hadith which are the basis of the law and guidelines of Muslims. Not far from the critics of the Qur'an and al-Hadith, they also deconstructed aspects of the development of science, Islamic law, and even the originality of Islamic history. Some famous orientalism figures, one of them is Reinhart Dozy, a famous orientelism from the Netherlands with the concept of literacy in the history of Islamic civilization in Spain. Even though he received a lot of criticism and appreciation from both orientalists and Muslim thinkers, his literary work has had a great influence on Islamic civilization. The discussion steps of this study are entirely carried out using qualitative research that is library research. To be more useful and function properly, this paper is equipped with an explanation using the method of description, interpretation and analysis of data in each discussion. This is done, none other than to focus the discussion to produce a consistent and comprehensive understanding.
22
Moseley, Fred. "Commodities as Products of Capital: A Reply to Skillman’s Review of Money and Totality." Review of Radical Political Economics 50, no. 4 (September 21, 2018): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613418774903.
Full textAbstract:
This paper responds to the most important criticism in Skillman’s review of my book Money and Totality: A Macro-Monetary Interpretation of Marx’s Logic in Capital—that I misinterpret the fundamental concept of the “value” of commodities in Marx’s theory in Volume 1 of Capital. My reply emphasizes the difference between “simple commodities” and “commodities as products of capital.” I argue that Marx’s theory of value is about the value of commodities produced by capital, which is the macroeconomic total price of all commodities, and which is equal to the sum of the actual constant capital advanced at the beginning of the circuit of money capital and the new-value produced by labor of the current period ( P = C + N = C + m Lc). JEL Classification: B51; B14
23
Davydova, Tatiana T. "Polemic notes on the literary type of the “little person”: to the question about the “band of titular advisers”." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6 (November 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-20.088.
Full textAbstract:
The appearance of A. Pushkin and the evolution of N. Gogol, M. Lermontov, F. Dostoevsky, A. Chekhov, M. Zoshchenko, E. Zamyatin of the type of “little man” is considered, its originality in the work of each of the writers is revealed. The genetic connections of Gogol’s “St. Petersburg” stories with Hoffmann’s prose are revealed, the image of Bashmachkin is interpreted in the context of L. Shestov’s ideas, and some interpretations of the “little man” type in modern Russian literary criticism are evaluated.
24
Kamal, Faiz. "Konstruksi Muhkam Dan Mutasyabbih M. Syahrur (Teori dan Penerapannya)." MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir 7, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v7i2.7059.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrack
Muhkam Mutasyabbih is a term on the side of the clarity and vagueness of the meaning of the Qur'an. In this case, the classical commentators have classified several approach methods in order to be able to spawn a goal from the verse in question. However, Muhammad Syahrur has a different perspective in understanding the verses of Muhkam Mutasyabbih. As a contemporary Islamic thinker who is subject to controversy, Muhammad Syahrur assumes that all classical studies are not final. There needs to be a renewal in order to produce maqosidul verses that are in accordance with the context and current principles. Departing from this, the author presents the theoretical principles echoed by Muhammad Syaḥrur in understanding the verses of Muḥkam Mutasyabbih and describes the interpretation and implications for the interpretation of the Qur'an. Furthermore, in this study the authors found an important point, namely Muhammad Syahrur's reconstruction of Muhkam's verses which he categorized as al-Risalah while Mutasyabih as al-Nubuwwah. This paper is a form of criticism of Syahrur's ijtihad in interpreting a verse that is far different from traditional Islamic scholars from both the salaf and khalaf circles.
Keyword: Muhkam and Mutasyabbih, Contemporary, Muhammad Syahrur
Abstrak
Muhkam Mutasyabbih merupakan sebuah istilah pada sisi kejelasan dan kesamaran makna al-Quran. Dalam hal ini para mufassir klasik sudah mengklasifikasikan beberapa metode pendekatan agar bisa menelurkan sebuah tujuan dari ayat yang dimaksud. Namun demikian, Muhammad Syahrur mempunyai cara pandang berbeda dalam memahami ayat-ayat Muhkam Mutasyabbih. Sebagai seorang pemikir islam kontemporer yang syarat akan kontroversial ini, Muhammad Syahrur beranggapan bahwa seluruh kajian-kajian klasik bukanlah suatu hal final. Perlu adanya pembaharuan agar menghasilkan maqosidul ayat yang sesuai dengan konteks dan prinsip-prinsip masa kini. Berangkat dari sini, penulis menyajikan prinsip teoritis yang digaungkan Muhammad Syaḥrur dalam memahami ayat-ayat Muḥkam Mutasyabbih serta memaparkan penafsiran dan implikasinya terhadap penafsiran al-Quran. Selanjutnya, dalam penelitian ini penulis temukan poin penting yaitu rekonstruksi Muhammad Syahrur tentang ayat-ayat Muhkam yang ia kategorikan sebagai al-Risalah sedangkan Mutasyabih sebagai al-Nubuwwah. Tulisan ini sebagai wujud kritik atas ijtihad Syahrur dalam menafsirkan sebuah ayat yang jauh berbeda dengan ulama tradisional Islam baik dari kalangan salaf maupun khalaf.
Kata Kunci: Muhkam dan Mutasyabbih, Kontemporer, Muhammad syahrur
25
Palavestra, Aleksandar. "Images of Miloje M. Vasić in Serbian Archaeology." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2016): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i3.4.
Full textAbstract:
Miloje M. Vasić, "the first academically educated archaeologist in Serbia", has a strange destiny in the Serbian archaeology. On the one hand, he has been elevated to the post of the "founding father" of the discipline, with almost semidivine status and iconic importance, while on the other hand, his works have been largely unread and neglected. This paradoxical split is the consequence of the fact that Vasić has been postulated as the universal benchmark of the archaeological practice in Serbia, regardless of his interpretation of the past on the grounds of the archaeological record – the essence of archaeology. Strangely, the life and work of Vasić have not been the subject of much writing, apart from several obituaries, two short appropriate texts (Srejović, Cermanović), and rare articles in catalogues and collections dedicated to the research of Vinča (Garašanin, Srejović, Tasić, Nikolić and Vuković). The critical analysis of his whole interpretive constellation, with "The Ionian colony Vinča" being its brightest star, was limited before the World War II to the rare attempts to rectify the chronology and identify the Neolithic of the Danube valley (Fewkes, Grbić, Holste). After the war, by the middle of the 20th century, the interpretation of Vasić has been put to severe criticism of his students (Garašanin, Milojčić, Benac), which led to the significant paradigm shift, the recognition of the importance of the Balkan Neolithic, and the establishment of the culture-historical approach in the Serbian archaeology. However, from this moment on, the reception of Vasić in the Serbian archaeology has taken a strange route: Vasić as a person gains in importance, but his works are neglected, though referred to, but almost in a cultic fashion, without reading or interpreting them. Rare is a paper on the Neolithic of the Central Balkans that does not call upon the name of Vasić and his four- volume "Vinča", in which Neolithic is not mentioned at all. This paradox becomes clearer if Vasić is regarded through the prism of the problematic, but not yet challenged and universally praised values in the Serbian archaeology: material, fieldwork and authority, as opposed to interpretation, which is regarded as ephemeral. From this point of view it becomes clear how the image of Vasić grows into the icon of the Serbian archaeology, while his work slides into the domain of the oral tradition, half-truths, and apocryphal anecdotes. Considering that the majority of the Serbian archaeological community shares the belief that there is an absolute archaeological method and "pure" archaeological material, both representing "the data not burdened by theory", the field journals of Vasić and his published works become the source of the "material", while his interpretation of the past is neglected. As long as these "data" are not considered in connection to the whole opus of Vasić, the research questions and strategies that directed his work, the Serbian archaeology will be inhabited by two separate images: one – forefather and founder, the researcher of the Neolithic Vinča, "the first real Serbian archaeologist", whose face gazes at us sternly from the bronze busts and enlarged photographs, and the other – vulnerable and insulted dreamer, convinced in his philhellene delusion. Only the integration of these two images will pay due homage to Miloje M. Vasić.
26
Nilova, Anna. ""POETICS" OF ARISTOTLE IN RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS." Проблемы исторической поэтики 19, no. 4 (December 2021): 7–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2021.9822.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents an overview of the existing translations of Aristotle's “Poetics”, characterizes the features of each of them. In the preface to his translation of Aristotle's “Poetics”, V. Zakharov characterized the work of the Greek philosopher as a “dark text.” Each translation of this treatise, which forms the basis of European and world literary theory, is also its interpretation, an attempt to interpret the “dark places.” The first Russian translation of “Poetics” was made by B. Ordynsky and published in 1854, however, the Russian reader was familiar with the contents of the treatise through translations into European languages and its expositions in Russian. For instance, in the “Dictionary of Ancient and New Poetry” Ostolopov sets out the Aristotelian theory of drama and certain other aspects of “Poetics” very close to the original text. Ordynsky translated the first 18 chapters of “Poetics”, focusing on the theory of tragedy. The translator presented his interpretation of Aristotle’s concept in an extensive preface, commentaries and a lengthy “Statement.” This translation set off a critical analysis by Chernyshevsky, and influenced his dissertation “Aesthetic relations of art to reality”, in which the author polemicizes with the aesthetics of German romanticism. In 1885 V. Zakharov published the first complete Russian translation of “Poetics”, in which he offered his own interpretation of Aristotle's teaching on language and epic. The author of this translation returns to the terminology of romantic aesthetics, therefore the translation itself is outside the main line of perception of the teachings of Aristotle by domestic literary theory, which is clearly manifested in the translations of V. G. Appelrot (1893), N. N. Novosadsky (1927) and M. L. Gasparov (1978). The subject of discussion in these translations was the interpretation of the notions of μῦϑος and παθος, the concepts of mimesis and catharsis, the source of suffering and the tragic, the possibility of modernizing terminology. An important milestone in the perception and assimilation of Aristotle's treatise by Russian literary criticism was its translation by A. F. Losev, which was not published, but was used by the author in his theoretical works and in criticizing other interpretations of “Poetics”. M. M. Pozdnev penned one of the last translations of “Poetics” (2008). The translator does not seek to preserve the peculiarities of the original style and interprets “Poetics” within the framework and terms of modern literary theory, focusing on its English translations. The main subject of the translator's reflection is Aristotle's understanding of the essence and phenomenon of poetic art. Translations of the Greek philosopher's treatise reflect the history of the formation and development of the domestic theory of literature, its main topics and terminological apparatus.
27
Malihu, La, Yety Rochwulaningsih, and Dhanang Respati Puguh. "Tracing the Notion of Rural Environmental Development Concept by M. Saleh Lahade, South Sulawesi in 1950s." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207047.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to trace M. Saleh Lahade's notion on the concept of rural development in South Sulawesi in the 1950s. Used historical method which includes several phases, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The result reveals the fact that M. Saleh Lahade's ideas were based on the physical environment and severe human settlement were damaged, the stagnation of the economy and the occurrence of stagnation in social life as a result of prolonged armed conflict. The concepts offered are based on falsafah and local wisdom that has long been developed, such as the spirit to act when finding something that is broken, the spirit of never giving up, the spirit of honesty, the spirit of independence (to maradeka), and the spirit of building harmony in people's lives. To develop his ideas M. Saleh Lahade used the concept of cluster units. Through this approach, rural service units are built in one mini cluster to create effectiveness and efficiency in public services. In addition, it also encourages the creation of a better physical and social environment, a more secure public health, and faster economic wheels.
28
Feshchenko, Vera Sergeevna. "Features of Solving Plots in Temple Painting by the Founders of the Religious-national Trend and Artists of the Circle of M. M. Vasiliev." Культура и искусство, no. 11 (November 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2022.11.39259.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the study is to identify the peculiarities in solving the plots of church painting of individual representatives of the religious-national trend of the turn of the XIX - XX centuries. The purpose is to show the development of national trends of Russian monumental church art by the founders of the religious-national trend on the examples of the work of V. M.Vasnetsov, M. V. Nesterov, M.A. Vrubel and artists M. M. Vasiliev, A. P. Blaznov, L. A. Pyanovsky, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, F. R. Raylian, to identify similarities and differences in the manner and in the transmission of images and compositions, as well as to substantiate the significance of these differences for art history. The basis of art criticism research is the formal stylistic method of G. Velflin, the iconographic method of N. P. Kondakov, the iconological method of E. Panofsky; the method of phenomenological analysis of the aesthetic perception of the artistic work of V. V. Bychkov and G. K. Wagner. Comparative analysis of murals by artists M. M. Vasiliev, A. P. Blaznov, L. A. Pyanovsky, F. R. Raylian, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin in comparison with the work of representatives of the "Vasnetsov school" allowed us to see the development of the national style in art, from an abstract-figurative understanding to a conscious spiritual-symbolic interpretation of church painting of the Middle Ages and pre-Petrine Russia as an integral artistic phenomenon of the religious-national trend. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the example of the artists of the "Vasiliev circle" revealed a kind of overcoming of one of the main problems of the iconographic image, which consists in maintaining a delicate balance of life-likeness and ideality. In their works, in the context of interpretation, the measure of realism of the image is traced, in which the spiritual content can be embodied in a material form without losing its sacred content, which is a valuable example for modern artists who set themselves the task of creating images without copying, but remaining in the canon.
29
Vezhnevets, Iryna. "Intermediality and problems of interpretation of the vocal cycle "The Short Straw" of Francis Poulenc." Collection of scientific works “Notes on Art Criticism”, no. 39 (September 1, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32461/2226-2180.39.2021.238698.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is due to the need to study the peculiarities of the interpretation of the artistic texts of the vocal cycle of F. Poulenc on the poem by M. Karem "Straw" in the intermedial space. The methodology is based on an integrated approach using comparative, structural, interdisciplinary methods and narrative analysis to understand the psychological processes that arise when interpreting a vocal cycle, involves the inclusion of the problem of analysis in the space of art history and cultural discourse in an interdisciplinary context. Scientific novelty the scientific novelty lies in the fact that the vocal cycle of F. Poulenc was first investigated as a full-fledged semiotic space, a universal plane of the textual category of intertextuality, which, along with the specific characteristics of its sign system, conveys "figurative" information. Conclusions Analysis of philosophical, musicological, art criticism literature gives grounds to assert that the intermediality of vocal work is closely related to the concepts: "synthesis of arts", "narrative", "ekphrasis", "synesthesia", "suggestion", etc. F. Poulenc to poems by M. Karem “A Short Straw” is a full-fledged semiotic space that corresponds to the universal textual category of intertextuality, which, along with the specific characteristics of its sign system, conveys “figurative” information. The intermediality of vocal work is based on the interaction of artistic codes of various types of arts, as the formation of an integral poly art space in the cultural system. The combination of narrative and intermedial approaches to musical works is increasingly becoming one of the most relevant trends in modern musicology, the further development of the theory and practice of intermediality.
30
Yanpol’skaya, Yana G. "EMERGING FROM QUARANTINE. THE NIGHT OF THE INTELLECTUALS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 2 (2022): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2022-3-23-39.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the pandemic as an episode of intellectual history and a situation of reflection against the background of the “death of an intellectual”. The author proposes to question the very conditions of the possibility for philosophy’s response to the challenge of this or that current crisis in principle and the coronavirus pandemic in particular. The question is closely related to the phenomenon of the Intellectual, the crisis of which was announced by French researchers about forty years ago. Today one can talk about the simulation of its role and place in modern “reactions”, about the objective historical impossibility of reviving this figure and its inherent form of expression. The issue is considered based on the material of French intellectual history and criticism of the “media intellectual”. The starting point of the analysis is the political crisis in France in 2019, which falsely revived the forgotten structure of “intellectuals and power”. The author of the article draws attention to the similarity of the intellectual “calm” (reflexive inertia) of 1941 and 2021, suggesting to recall those forms of reflection that were involved by A. Malraux, J.-P. Sartre, J. Paulhan, M. Merleau-Ponty. The “reactions” of certain French intellectuals caused by the coronavirus crisis – E. Moren, R. Debray, J.-L. Nancy, B. Latour – reproduced in the article in the light of the interpretation of the pandemic as a “reductive situation” (M. Mamardashvily) with its inherent moralizing and neo-mania (R. Barthes). The author finds it problematic to appeal to criticism in the face of the “terror of the event” (M. Merleau-Ponty). Intellectuals themselves are a rare extinct phenomenon, which is important to consider in anticipation of their “response” in the face of the threat of a pandemic
31
Ipandang, Ipandang. "UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF GOD’S LEGISLATION: Critical Analysis of Islamic Law Reasoning Criticism in Indonesia." JURISDICTIE 11, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j.v11i2.9913.
Full textAbstract:
The existence of Islamic law in dealing with social problems is questioned. The authoritative claim on the establishment of Islamic law by certain ulama organization is presumed to weaken the role of Islamic law in society. This article aims to analyze the legal reasoning structure and interpretation model of mufti (the one issuing fatwa) in establishing Islamic law. This article is based on the doctrinal legal research with conceptual approach, particularly on the thought of Khaled M. Abou El Fadl. By going through the analysis process of critical negotiation, there will be constructive dialectic to produce a humanistic Islamic law. This article found that the authority of textual meaning needs to be placed on top of the authority of mufti. The structured legal reasoning will silence the tafsir plurality on religious texts. The stagnation of this fatwa can be bridged via open Hermeneutics method which is dialectic among the author, text, reader, and the target discourse. So, fatwa can be the fundamental solution of the social problem which is humanistic.Eksistensi hukum Islam dalam menangani masalah sosial kemasyarakatan mulai diragukan. Klaim otoritas penetapan hukum Islam oleh organisasi ulama tertentu disinyalir menjadi sebab melemahnya peran hukum Islam dalam masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur nalar hukum dan model interpretasi pemberi fatwa dalam penetapan hukum Islam. artikel ini berasal dari penelitian hukum doctrinal dengan konseptual khususnya pemikiran Khaled M. Abou El Fadl. Karena melalui proses analisis negosiasi kritis, akan muncul dialektika yang konstruktif untuk menghasilkan hukum Islam yang humanis. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa otoritas makna teks perlu diposisikan di atas kewenangan pemberi fatwa. Penalaran hukum yang terlembaga akan mendorong pembungkaman pluralitas tafsir teks agama. Kebekuan hasil fatwa ini dapat dijembatani melalui metode hermeneutika terbuka yang bersifat dialektis, antara pengarang, teks, pembaca, dan sasaran wacana. Sehingga fatwa dapat menjadi sandaran penyelesaian problem sosial kemasyarakatan yang humanis.
32
Maltsev, Konstantin Gennadievich, and Artem Levushovich Alaverdyan. "Sociological view of the establishment of European nations: experience of philosophical criticism." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.37.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons for the discrepancy in the issue of the time of the emergence of European nations in modern Western sociology in the perspective of the meaning of "" for interpreting the meaning of representing a nation in the political economic paradigm (J. Agamben). It is established that the horizon of the representation of the nation and the national, normatively set by the dominant "liberal metaphysics", which determines the direction of research in disciplinary-organized science and their results, have objective significance, provided that the interrelated foundations / axioms are recognized that form the paradigm of presenting reality as a given object for thematization in subject of scientific research. The scientific novelty of the philosophical interpretation of the beginning and the emergence of reality of European nations is due to an essential feature of liberal metaphysics, defined by K. Schmitt as a "fundamental rejection of truth" in favor of "endless discussion" on the "organization of truth" (F.R. Ankersmit). In this form, "liberal metaphysics" is as an ideology and the representation of a nation simultaneously has the character of scientific objectivity and a political program. As a result of the study, it was concluded that a nation as a civic association based on civic loyalty of freely self-determining autonomous individuals is valid as a project and the meaning of disagreements about the time of its emergence is revealed as a "historiographic recalculation" (M. Heidegger), whose task is to provide a justification for a political project – "civil nation".
33
Lisowska, Katarzyna. "Women and Intertextuality: On the Example of Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad." Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2353-6098.2.03.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to consider feminist retellings of myths and legends. As an example, Margaret Atwood’s book The Penelopiad is analyzed. The interpretation is situated in a broader context of intertextual practices characteristic of the feminist vision of literature. I present the ideas which Atwood shares with authors engaged in women’s movement. Among these there is Atwood’s understanding of intertextuality (noticeable especially in The Penelopiad). Bibliographical basis of the study comprises books which are fundamental to feminist and gender criticism (e.g. Poetics of Gender, ed. by N. Miller, New York 1986; S. M. Gilbert, S. Gubar The Madwoman in the Attic. The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth- Century Literary Imagination, New Haven and London 1984). What is more, the study refers to the books which allow considering the notion of intertextuality (G. Allen, Intertextuality, London and New York 2010, J. Clayton. E. Rothstein (eds.), Influence and Intertextuality in Literary History, Wisconsin 1991) and connecting the interpretation with the problems crucial to contemporary literary studies (L. Hutcheon L. A Poetics of Postmodernism. History, Theory, Fiction, New York and London 1988, B. Johnson, A World of Difference, Baltimore and London 1989).
34
Zarytska, Olena. "FEMINIST ART GRIZELDY POLLOK AS A CHALLENGE TO THE ART OF THE PAST." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2021.17.8.
Full textAbstract:
The theoretical work of one of the founders and leading figures of modern feminist art Griselda Pollock is considered. Representing researchers whose ideas were shaped by the radical cultural and social revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, she belongs to the second generation of feminist art criticism. The author points to the eclectic methodological position of G. Pollock, which combines a number of areas associated with its "radicalism" in relation to the classical areas of art history and social thought. In particular, it is Marxism, poststructuralism of R. Bart and M. Foucault, Freudian psychoanalysis etc. Methodological eclecticism G. Pollock suggests that the leading in her work is her ideological attitude, rather than research position. Although G. Pollock's theoretical constructions are formally based on specific biographical and art studies of artists of the past, methodological eclecticism does not allow to characterize them as scientific or at least consistently logical in their construction. The author concludes that substantively, the concept of G. Pollock is based on the interpretation of female (and male) principles in the artist's work as a gender category, defined by the prevailing social roles and stereotypes in society. G. Pollock uses the concept of "bourgeoisie" in relation to the culture of the masculine society of the past; attempts to develop the concept of "death of the author" by R. Bart in the interpretation of the socially determined figure of the artist (on the example of W. Van Gogh); quite arbitrarily uses the apparatus of Freudian psychoanalysis to read ("deconstruct") works of art, in particular, paintings by W. Van Gogh and A. de Toulouse-Lautrec. Thus, G. Pollock turns feminist art criticism into an ideological platform for the development of a range of ideological and theoretical currents, united by their radicalism and opposition to classical art and the ideological foundations of modern civilization as a whole.
35
Mufidah, Ida, and Muhammad Fathoni Hasyim. "Menelisik Corak Khas Penafsiran Nusantara (Studi Kasus Tafsir Mara>h Labi>d Karya Syaikh Nawawi al-Bantani)." NUN: Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Tafsir di Nusantara 7, no. 1 (August 8, 2021): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32495/nun.v7i1.232.
Full textAbstract:
The archipelago has a lot of ‘ulama’ with a distinctive scientific understanding, including in the field of interpretation. One of the scholars of the archipelago whose knowledge is recognized by the world in the field of interpretation is Shaykh Nawawi Al-Bantani. His work, the book Marah Labi>d, has a distinctive Indonesian style in peeling and interpreting the contents of the verses of the Qur’an. This paper seeks to examine the distinctive features of the interpretation of the archipelago in the book by using the literature study method. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that Tafsi>r Mara>h Labi>d combines the use of ijma>li (global) and tahlili> (analysis) interpretation methods at the same time. Where Shaykh Nawawi at the beginning of the discussion interprets as briefly as possible the contents of the new verse or letter then interprets it in detail starting from the description of the meaning of vocabulary, muna>sabah, asba>b nuzul, variety of qira’a>t, to related narrations. Shaykh Nawawi also uses the muqa>ranah (comparative) method when interpreting the ahka>m verse by expressing differences in the opinions of the ulama’ and comparing them without fanaticism and criticism of schools that are different from the Shafi’i school that he adheres to. In addition, Shaykh Nawawi also combines tafsi>r bi al-ma’tsu>r with tafsi>r bi al-ra’y al-mahmu>d in the Mara>h Labi>d book.
36
Pereira, José G., and Yuri N. Obukhov. "Gauge Structure of Teleparallel Gravity." Universe 5, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060139.
Full textAbstract:
During the conference Teleparallel Universes in Salamanca, we became aware of a recent paper [M. Fontanini, E. Huguet, and M. Le Delliou, Phys. Rev. D 2019, 99, 064006] in which some criticisms on the interpretation of teleparallel gravity as a gauge theory for the translation group were put forward. This triggered a discussion about the arguments on which those criticisms were based, whose output is described in the present paper. The main conclusion is that to a great extent, those arguments are incorrect, and lack mathematical and physical support.
37
Alekseev, Evgeny P. "Art of Being an Art Critic. Review of: Busev, M. A. (2020). Iskusstvo postigat’ iskusstvo: sbornik statei k 100-letiiu N. A. Dmitrievoi [Art of Comprehending Art: Collected Articles for N. A. Dmitrieva’s 100th Birthday]. Moscow: BooksMArt. 408 p.: Il." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, no. 2 (2021): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.041.
Full textAbstract:
This review examines Art of Comprehending Art, a collection of scholarly articles based on the materials of the conference Historical and Theoretical Issues of Art Studies: For N. A. Dmitrieva’s 100th Birthday (held on April 24–25, 2017 at the State Institute of Art Studies of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation). The first part of the collection presents colleagues’ memories about N. A. Dmitrieva’s work revealing various facets of her talent. In the second part of the book, scholarly articles by contemporary art historians are devoted to the issues that N. A. Dmitrieva examined, i.e. the history of art criticism and art education in Russia, theoretical and methodological issues (image and word, issues of interpretation, kitsch), the creative work of P. Picasso, M. Vrubel, and A. Chekhov. The third section contains fragments of N. A. Dmitrieva’s diary, as well as two previously unpublished articles.
38
Saputra, Abdul Hamid, Ading Kusdiana, and Tolib Rahmatillah. "Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah: Perawat Pertama di Dunia Islam (Abad 6-7 M.)." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v4i1.9184.
Full textAbstract:
The practice of Islamic health emerged in the sixth century AD influenced by three health traditions, namely ancient civilization, Bedouin Arabic, and Thibbun Nabawi. There is no much data related to health practice around the sixth century to the seventh century BC, except for nursing conducted by Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah. She became an important figure in developing Islamic health practice and the involvement of women in the Islamic war. The purpose of this research is to determine the description of medicine/health in the Islamic world in the classical period and the role of Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah in her involvement nursing field of the Islamic world. The method of this research is the historical research. The research method was carried out through four-stage, they are heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research conducted, it could be stated that the practice of world health has emerged since 7,000 BC. In the sixth to seventh centuries Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah had an important role in the development of world health practice. She started nursing for the first time in the Islamic world. Some of her important roles include: establishing a nursing school, participating in the war, establishing a field hospital, creating a nurse code of ethics, developing Islamic spiritual services, and being active in social activities in the city of Medina. It has also been proven that the first nursing knowledge was not conceived by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century, however, it has existed since the sixth century by Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah. Keywords: Health practice, Islamic health practice, nursing.
39
Mahasin, M. Zaki, Yety Rochwulaningsih, and Singgih Tri Sulistiyono. "Ecological Mapping for the Development of Salt Production Centres in Indonesia during the Dutch Colonial Era." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 04024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131704024.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines why the Dutch colonial government did ecological mapping for the development of salt centres in Indonesia and how it was carried out? It is analysed by historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Ecological mapping was carried out by the Dutch colonial government for the development of salt production centre sourced from sea water. It is the important factor to develop salt production centres concerning the situations of the coastal area in which sloping parallel to sea level, humid, dry air temperatures, low rainfall, non-porous soil types, and high wind speeds. The wind speed required for salt production is at least 5 m/sec, with air temperatures above 32o C during the day, as well as a maximum humidity of 50%. During the Dutch colonial government, it was recorded that in 1904-1917 the average wind speed was above 5 m/sec. Continued with the development of the salt production ecosystem, which includes the establishment of production areas equipped with bozem development, land layout, etc. By the ecological mapping, the salt development centre areas cover coastal area of Madura, several areas of Java’s north coast, and coastal areas of Sulawesi, including Jeneponto.
40
Kowerski, Mieczysław, and Laura Haniewska. "The Miller–Modigliani dividend irrelevance theory as a warning for investors looking for quick profits from investments in companies paying dividends." Financial Internet Quarterly 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2022-0029.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In 1961, Miller and Modigliani (M–M) published a dividend irrelevance theory, which shows that the payment of dividends does not make any changes to the value of the company. The assumption about the existence of the perfect market made by M–M became the basis for a common criticism of the theory, and the critics also tried to empirically prove that dividend payments have a positive effect on future stock prices. A different interpretation was presented by Damodaran (2007), who stated that a dividend is a compensation for lost capital gains on the first day without a dividend. The aim of the article is to verify the M-M theory according to the Damodaran approach based on the data of companies listed on the WSE in 2019–2021. For this purpose the calculations of the total rate of return on investments consisting in the purchase of shares at the end of the cum-dividend day and the sale of these shares at the end of the ex-dividend day were carried out. Then, the average values of the total rates of return in each of the three years were calculated and using the Student’s t-test it was examined whether the average of one-session rate of return is insignificantly different from zero. If so, it would mean that the dividend irrelevance theory is correct. In 2019 and 2021, the average total rates of return turned out to be statistically insignificant, which supports the M—M theory. The negative significant value of the average in 2020 may result from the COVID-19. The M–M theory perceived in this way can be a warning to investors looking for “quick profits” and trying to apply the strategy of buying dividend stocks at the cum-dividend day and selling them at the ex-dividend day.
41
Malinkin, Alexander. "To the History of Russian Sociology of the 1920–1930s: Soviet Marxism vs “Sociology of Knowledge”." Sociological Journal 27, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.3.8428.
Full textAbstract:
In the 1920’s Marxism, having become the state ideology of Soviet Russia, took a leading position among the political ideologies of Europe in terms of its influence on the minds and hearts of people. The teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels received various interpretations, among which “sociology of knowledge” in the interpretation of M. Scheler and K. Mannheim earned the most recognition in the academic environment. It originated in Germany in the mid 1920’s as a result of criticism of the Marxist “theory of ideology”, of “economist” limitations of the materialistic vision of man, of history and society. In the USSR “sociology of knowledge” was understood to be the most refined attempt to overcome Marxism. The essential characteristics of Marxism and “sociology of knowledge” as interpreted by K. Mannheim are revealed, while being subjected to comparative and critical analysis. The first reaction of Soviet Marxist sociologists to “sociology of knowledge” is analyzed. In the light of this reaction, it was presented as “social fascism”. The specifics of how the teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels existed in the USSR during the 1920s–1930’s are evaluated. “Historical materialism” is qualified as a sociological methodology of suspicion, and the practice of its application by the Bolsheviks as a form of discrimination and persecution in society based on social class and social group affiliation.
42
Дирибало, Оксана, and Денис Чик. "ВІД ІДЕОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ ДО ПАТРІОТИЗМУ: РЕЦЕПЦІЇ МОДЕЛІ А. МІЦКЕВИЧА «ПОЕТ І НАРОД» В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ПИСЬМЕННИЦЬКІЙ КРИТИЦІ ХХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТ." Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 4, no. 1 (2022): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppusn.2022.01.14.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the research of reception of A. Mickiewicz’s model “the Poet and the People” in twentieth- century Ukrainian writers’ criticism. The writers traced the canon of relations between the artist and society created by A. Mickiewicz, which had a profound influence on the literature of Polish Romanticism. Considering the reception of the ‘poet and people’ paradigm, the authors of the article note that Ukrainian poets of the Soviet period were forced to dissect certain artistic phenomena through the prism of the communist ideology of the time. One of the most consistent and productive interpreters of A. Mickіewіcz among Ukrainian writers was M. Rylskyi. He left a considerable inheritance of literature and publicist articles about the Polish poet. M. Rylskyi as a critic gave the deepest scientific standards to the analysis of the poetics of A. Mickіewіcz’s works. He did not cast aside the generally accepted scheme of the creative evolution of the Polish poet but cautioned researchers from the monolinear measuring of it. M. Rylskyi was the first one in Ukrainian Mickіewіcz Studies who noticed that mixing of styles was inherent in А. Mickіewіcz’s works during all of his creative life. M. Rylskyi allowed the identification of the poet Konrad Wallenrod with A. Mickiewicz himself, warning that after all the person of the hero does not reflect and cannot reflect the personality of the author. M. Rylskyi described Konrad Wallenrod as mysterious and contradictory, as was A. Mickiewicz. The article also compares the interpretations of M. Rylskyi and Polish researchers and writers, in particular, Maria Cieśla-Korytowska and Jan Kasprowicz. The authors trace that the Ukrainian poet D. Pavlychko was the first in Ukrainian literary criticism to draw attention to the idea of Europe in the artistic and ideological system of A. Mickiewicz as the idea of the Fatherland.
43
Kushch, Tatiana V. "Violating the Convention: M. Ja. Sjuzjumov’s Participation in the Preparation of the History of Byzantium." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, no. 2 (2022): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.031.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the history behind the writing of the three-volume History of Byzantium (1967). In the 1950s and 1960s, the writing of “meta-narratives” meant covering the history of different states from the standpoint of the Marxist interpretation of the historical process and using the methods of historical materialism. In addition, collective work on them demonstrated the scholarly convention of Marxist historians. These principles were also implemented during the preparation of the History of Byzantium. A member of the editorial board and one of the main authors of the multi-volume work was Mikhail Jakovlevich Sjuzjumov (1893–1982), a Sverdlovsk scholar. Some letters kept in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region reflect his participation in the preparation of the History of Byzantium, the difficulties his texts underwent during the publication process, and his assessment of the results of the collective work. The article considers the scholar’s concept which he adhered to when writing the chapters, analyses critical remarks about his texts, and emphasises the discrepancy between his interpretations and the assessment of the history of Byzantium established in Russian historiography. The chapters prepared by Sjuzjumov and devoted to sources on early Byzantine history, the history of the church, and the historical role of Byzantium were criticised especially harshly. Sjuzjumov’s assessment of the Byzantine opposition and denial of the progressiveness of their views, his interpretation of Byzantine feudalism and the place of the Empire in world history contradicted the spirit and concept of the collective work. As a result, his two chapters were not included in the final version of the History of Byzantium. To achieve an academic convention, it was necessary to sacrifice the original interpretations proposed by the Sverdlovsk scholar. Nevertheless, Mikhail Sjuzjumov highly appreciated the publication of the History of Byzantium, although he noted its obvious shortcomings and weak points.
44
Nashiruddin, Abdul Aziz. "KHALIFAH MU’AWIYAH BIN ABU SUFYAN : Peletak Dasar Pemerintahan Islam Monarki 661 - 680 M." FACTUM: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 9, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v9i1.23085.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis research is entitled "Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan who became the pioneer of Monarchical Islamic government in the period 661-680 AD”. The background of the researchers to take this issue is because Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan was the main pioneer in changing the Islamic government to a monarchic system that had never been applied in the Islamic Caliphate before. During his reign, Mu'awiyah not only became a caliph, but became a unifier and figure who resolved the conflict that occurred in the Islamic caliphate. The main problem raised from this thesis is "Why did Mu'awiyah change the Islamic caliphate to a monarchical system?" The method used is a historical research method by conducting four steps of research namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study can be explained including before there was a change in the Islamic government system to the monarchy. During the reign of Khulafaur Rashidun the government system adopted by the Islamic caliphate was based on democracy. Mu'awiyah as the caliph subsequently faced many problems, from disputes between companion of prophet Muhammad SAW to wars that occurred due to internal problems, and decided to change the system of government to a monarchy. In the early days of Mu'awiyah's leadership, he formed a governmental order to rebuild the Islamic caliphate from the destruction of internal conflict. Mu'awiyah's leadership was more or less twenty years, in contrast to the previous caliphs Mu'awiyah handed over the power of the caliphate to Yazid bin Mu'awiyah. Determination of the crown prince impacted the caliphates thereafter, which changed the caliphate of Islam with a democratic system of monarchy. Keyword: Mu’awiyah bin Abu Sufyan, Caliphate Umayyah, Islam Monarchy
45
Ахаева, Милана Абдуловна, and Тамара Белаловна Джамбекова. "Features of the creative method of the Chechen poet Musbek Kibiev." Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета, серия «Филология и искусствоведение», no. 1(292) (September 12, 2022): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53598/2410-3489-2022-1-292-81-86.
Full textAbstract:
На основании обзора существующих научных исследований творчества М. Кибиева утверждается, что его художественный метод не получил в национальном литературоведении полноценной верификации. Рассматривается творчество поэта в парадигме исканий поэтов-шестидесятников и предложена гипотеза о сочетании в творческой манере чеченского поэта романтических и символистских тенденций. Для ее подтверждения проанализированы структурно-семантические особенности ряда лирических текстов. Проводится комплексный филологический анализ лирического текста. Определяется художественный метод М. Кибиева и формирование ряда аналитических подходов к анализу его поэзии, которые могут стать частью полноценной модели литературоведческой интерпретации творчества поэта. Based on a review of existing scientific studies of M. Kibiev's work, it is argued that his artistic method did not receive full verification in national literary criticism. The poet's work is considered in the paradigm of the sixties poets’ searches and a hypothesis is proposed about a combination of romantic and symbolist tendencies in the creative manner of the Chechen poet. To confirm it, the structural and semantic features of a number of lyrical texts are analyzed. A comprehensive philological analysis of the lyrical text is carried out. The artistic method of M. Kibiev and the formation of a number of analytical approaches to the analysis of his poetry are determined, which can become part of a full-fledged model of literary interpretation of the poet's work.
46
Lamoureux, Denis O. "The Bible & Ancient Science: Principles of Interpretation." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 3 (September 2021): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-21lamoureux.
Full textAbstract:
THE BIBLE & ANCIENT SCIENCE: Principles of Interpretation by Denis O. Lamoureux. Tullahoma, TN: McGahan Publishing, 2020. 218 pages. Paperback; $15.99. ISBN: 9781951252052. *"Simply stated, I believe the literary genre of Genesis 1-3 is an ancient account of origins. Notably, it is deeply rooted in ancient science" (p. 195). *Denis O. Lamoureux is Professor of Science and Religion at St. Joseph's College at the University of Alberta. He possesses three earned doctorates (dentistry, theology, and biology) and tells of an intellectual and spiritual journey out of atheism, through fundamentalism, and to his current position. Consequently, if there was ever a model voice that displays the academic and personal experience necessary to speak formidably about the hermeneutical issues associated with Genesis 1-3 and the other creation texts of the Bible, it is Lamoureux. *The study begins with what seems like a simple question, "Is the Bible a book about science?" However, before the opening chapters are completed, the reader understands that the question is anything but simple. In fact, the difficulty of the conversation is poignantly displayed when he offers answers to his leading question from two giant figures within the evangelical tradition. Henry M. Morris answers in the affirmative, but Billy Graham answers negatively. Yet, to his credit, Lamoureux does not dwell on this disagreement. He quickly emphasizes that a proper answer to his question requires an entanglement with issues of hermeneutics, or principles of interpretation (p. 13). Consequently, the remainder of the book is a journey through the wild and woolly world of biblical hermeneutics on the way to answering the question of whether the Bible is a book about science. *Lamoureux guides the reader toward his answer by discussing twenty-two hermeneutical principles that range from the mundane topics of "literalism," "literary genre," and "historical criticism" to the more complex, such as "cognitive competence," "accommodation," and "concordism." Each chapter is devoted to one principle, and all the chapters are organized similarly. They discuss the principle and then specific applications to the creation texts. This approach produces manageable-sized chapters that can be pondered without a fear of being overwhelmed by complex arguments; however, presenting an argument by a series of propositional statements can obfuscate how each proposition interacts with the others and how they all cooperate. In Lamoureux's defense, however, he does well to minimize any dissonance. *Ultimately, Lamoureux finds himself landing between Morris and Graham when answering his leading question. According to Lamoureux, the Bible contains science, but it's ancient science. And that qualification makes all the difference. The biblical writers are indeed talking about the origins of the universe, but they are doing so in terms of an Iron Age worldview while using Iron Age concepts. Therefore, their "science" is incompatible with the scientific inquiry and discourse of today. This conviction implies that concordism neither does justice to the text and its message nor frames a useful conversation. *In pushing back against any simplistic appropriation of the Bible's message upon the demands of modern scientific discourse, Lamoureux offers a very nuanced proposal. But at its heart is a respect for the ancient worldview of the biblical authors with all its frustrating peculiarities. For example, Lamoureux emphasizes how things such as the rhetoric and ahistorical symbolism of parables must be respected. Simple enough; however, Lamoureux also recognizes that ancient Israel perceived the universe through a three-tiered concept, a reality that finds itself alongside flat-earth theories in the hall of fame of modern-day cosmological ludicrousness. Similarly, ancient Israel's botanical awareness was clearly ignorant of the data we have today. Therefore, Lamoureux's discussions eventually bring the reader to a crossroad. How can a reader respect the Bible if it is invoking principles of, say, botany or any other field of science, in ways that run counter to contemporary scientific discourse? Is the reader confronted with the terrible situation in which they must support the Bible's claims despite the contradictory scientific evidence? Are they forced to abandon any notion of inerrancy? *It is at this point that the integrity of Lamoureux's argument reaches a critical point. His argument cannot work without certain hermeneutical principles. First, the principle of accommodation argues that God accommodates himself to humanity--through language, culture, concepts, etc.--in order to ensure effective communication. So, in the example of Israel's botanical awareness, God is "using the botany-of-the-day" to ensure that the audience would understand the message. Similarly, this should also be applied to Israel's three-tiered universe and other cosmological concepts. Second, the message-incident principle argues that the mode of communication is incidental to the core message. To be clear, "Incidental has the meaning of that which happens to be alongside and happening in connection with something important" (p. 46). Therefore, applied to the creation texts, ancient science is incidental but important to delivering spiritual truths (p. 47). Third, Lamoureux champions incarnational inspiration. According to Lamoureux, the incarnation, as understood in Jesus, becomes the analogy par excellence for understanding the nature of scripture. It is fully divine and fully human. The Bible, like Jesus, transcends time and history. And God's perfect message comes through finite and imperfect humanity. *Many of Lamoureux's arguments echo similar arguments made by biblical scholars in recent memory. For example, Kenton Sparks, in God's Word in Human Words: An Evangelical Appropriation of Critical Biblical Scholarship (2008), emphasized accommodation in his attempt to balance a conviction that the Bible contains factual errors but is also inerrant. Peter Enns systematically argued for incarnational inspiration, as in Inspiration and Incarnation: Evangelicals and the Problem of the Old Testament (2005). John Walton and Brent Sandy display affinities to Lamoureux's message-incident principle in their work The Lost World of Scripture: Ancient Literary Culture and Biblical Authority (2013). Consequently, the pitfalls that face these scholars face Lamoureux as well. If accommodation explains the scientific ignorance of the biblical writers, is inerrancy the best description of scripture? Or, because the incarnation is unique to the realities of Jesus, how appropriate is it to invoke it as an analogy for something else? At what point does it break down (cf. Ben Witherington, The Living Word of God [Waco: Baylor University Press, 2007], 35-49)? *I wholeheartedly agree with Lamoureux that it is paramount for the interpreter to dutifully consider the text on its own terms, particularly since I take seriously the notion that God used ancient Israel to communicate his redemptive plan. Thus, the interpreter should yield to Israel's concepts, conventions, and philosophies on the way to understanding the message before they move to appropriation for theological discourse. Nevertheless, several elements in The Bible and Ancient Science could be fine tuned. These include Lamoureux's framing of the discussion of translating Genesis 1:1 (pp. 75-81) as a text-critical issue, when it is more of a translation problem. Lamoureux also presents a generic, almost flat, portrait of the classic criticisms of biblical studies (e.g., textual criticism, literary criticism, historical criticism) that does not support a nuanced understanding of their results for the creation texts. *A little more significant is Lamoureux's understanding of Paul's typological argument in Romans 5. He struggles with the possibility that Paul's argument appears historical in nature. He states, *"As a consequence, Paul undoubtedly believed Adam was a historical person and that the events of Genesis 2-3 really happened. However, it must be emphasized that Paul's belief in the reality of Adam and the events in the Garden of Eden does not necessarily mean they are historical" (p. 175). *Thus, he is forced to wrestle with the implications of his argument as it confronts the semantics of the text. He may well have been influenced by Enns in how he tries to navigate this, but a difficult tension remains (Peter Enns, The Evolution of Adam: What the Bible Does and Doesn't Say about Human Origins [2012]). For Lamoureux, and Enns for that matter, it is difficult to advocate a framework-like typology which usually interprets historical figures in the context of history as, in this instance, functioning with a significant level of historical ignorance. *A deeper commitment to comparative investigations would also have enhanced Lamoureux's argument. He is certainly aware of non-Israelite texts and how they help us understand the concepts, conventions, and message of the biblical text, for he references them in his discussions of worldview and ancient conceptions of the universe. However, reading Genesis 1-2 in the shadow of texts such as the "Enuma Elish" and the "Memphite Theology" crystalizes the form and function of the genre as well as the Old Testament's theological emphases. *Nevertheless, overall Lamoureux gets far more right than wrong and this work is valuable. It makes potentially complicated concepts accessible and applies them to the very important debate about what "inerrant" means when describing the nature of scripture. *Reviewed by David B. Schreiner, Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Old Testament, Wesley Biblical Seminary, Ridgeland, MS 39157.
47
ZE, Deki Syaputra. "Kontribusi Timbal Balik Kerinci dan Indrapura dalam Dunia Perdagangan Abad 18-20 M (Studi Kasus: Komoditi Kerinci dan Indrapura)." Jurnal Ilmiah Dikdaya 12, no. 2 (October 3, 2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/dikdaya.v12i2.319.
Full textAbstract:
In writing history, especially the history of trade, historical reviewers are often only stuck on the events of the deck of VOC ships on the coast. Sometimes the role of local traders and rulers often escapes the attention of the reviewers, moreover, the role of the interior to trade in the coastal area is very rarely touched. As if the interior does not play a role or be taken into account in the world of trade on the coast, but in fact the interior plays a role as a driving force for the economy/trade on the coast. One example is between Kerinci and Indrapura, the hinterland and coastal areas or trading ports that need each other. Therefore, this study will look at how the mutual contribution of Kerinci and Indrapura from the 18th to the 20th century AD in trading commodities. This study uses historical research methods starting from source collection, source criticism, interpretation to historiography using a multi-dimensional and multi-causal approach, presenting research results in the form of descriptive analysis. The AlamKerinci area as the hinterland and Jambi and Indrapura position as coastal areas and port cities, making the concept used is hinterland-port cities (inland with port cities) as the object of this research. The sources used are written sources in the form of books, archives and ancient manuscripts and other important documents.
48
Sechin, Daniil. "Problems of the Uncertainty of Law through the Prism of the Metamodern." Pravovedenie 66, no. 4 (2022): 448–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.406.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to form the fundamental problems of interpretation of legal texts on the basis of modern philosophical approaches, as well as the search for possible ways to overcome them. The focus of the article is the legal interpretation in international law, due to a number of special characteristics, like the extreme diversity of cultural and legal traditions, the relative primitiveness of international relations, etc. The author does not seek to draw prescriptive conclusions, but to describe descriptively the workings of the language of law, its understanding and use. The problem of the perception of texts is not new for science, but the relevance of this work is related to the analysis of the postmodernist critique of the interpretation of law. The main part of this critique focuses on two fundamental problems: semantic indeterminacy, when subjects put different meanings into the words they use, and also structural indeterminacy, demonstrated by M. Koskenniemi, when the arguments of the parties are seen as equivalent, making it impossible to make a truly reasoned choice between the arguments presented by the parties. Overcoming postmodernist criticism is possible on the basis of the concept of metamodern, which implies overcoming the main ideas and concepts of the modern and postmodern era. General scientific methods are used, in particular, deduction — to apply the concept of metamodern to individual problems of interpretation, as well as induction — to form general conclusions based on the analysis of the practice of interpretation of legal texts. The removal of the postmodern thesis of semantic indeterminacy of texts is based on the appeal to the ideas of modernity about the establishment of rules of interpretation and acceptance of certain limits of reasonable interpretation. Overcoming the identified structural ambiguity in the application of legal norms lies in rethinking the universal hierarchical organized system of values of modernity. In the modern world, a system with quasi-hierarchical values operates, where, in the absence of an explicitly constructed universal hierarchy, states view some values as higher in priority than others, making it possible for courts to choose between value-based arguments.
49
Gorshkov, M. K., and E. A. Bagramov. "“New nationalism” and the issue of nations in the interpretation of American social theorists." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-4-733-751.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the so-called new nationalism that has been developing in the United States and other Western countries since the last decades of the 20th century as a system of ideas about nations, sovereignty, racial and national relations, and also currents of nationalism. Recent forecasts of the ideologists of globalism about the inevitable departure from the political scene of nation-states, nations and nationalism are opposed by the contemporary nationalism which became a real political factor, primarily in the United States. The authors show the variety of concepts of nationalism, which allows its supporters in the United States to follow both openly chauvinistic ideas and liberal ideas of solidarity that makes up the nation. Among the reasons for the rise of nationalism, the authors consider the interaction of two trends in the public-political life - politicization of ethnicity and ethnicization (or nationalization) of politics. The authors believe that the emphasis on ethnic nation and ethnic nationalism (as opposed to civil nation and civil nationalism) reflects the exacerbation of inter-ethnic tensions in the United States and other Western countries. Based on the analysis of the new nationalism, the authors distinguish its right direction, whose supporters nominally renounce Nazism and racism but promote similar ideas, and a moderate liberal direction which often equates nationalism with patriotism. Representatives of both trends appeal to national interests and values of the nations historic core, and criticize migration policy and multiculturalism. In addition to white racism and its evolution, the article considers the scope of nationalism and patriotism of African-American movements, in particular Black Lives Matter and the results of the study of the dual consciousness of African Americans as combining the concept of nation within a nation and a new, completely American identity. Despite many American theorists idea of the absence of the American nation as such, the authors consider the concept of a new identity of the American nation, which M. Lind defines as a unity of language and culture, regardless of the racial composition, i.e. as an expression of liberal nationalism and a renewed concept of the melting pot. Lind and his colleagues believe that the factor of the current split of the American nation is not racial or ethnic confrontation (Balkanization) but the social gap between rich and poor. The authors consider the criticism of the policy of the American ruling class as a means for the sociological study of the racial problem and for the development of ways for solving it.
50
Yusuff, Mohd Sholeh Sheh, Yusuf Haji Othman, and Tengku Zawani Tengku Zawawi. "GENETIC APPROACH IN TAFSIR NUR AL-IHSAN: A CRITICISM OF THE WORK OF AL-JAMI 'AL-AHKAM AL-QURAN." International Research Journal of Shariah, Muamalat and Islam 3, no. 9 (December 30, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/irjsmi.39003.
Full textAbstract:
Malay scholars of the archipelago have been active in producing works in various fields of Islamic studies such as fiqh, hadith and tafsir al-Quran. One of the works written in the field of tafsir al-Quran is Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan produced by Umar, M. S. This work is widely referenced by the community in understanding the contents of the Qur'an. However, it was found that there were previous researchers who thought that the author of this work did not use authoritative sources of reference when explaining the facts related to the Qur'an while the initial reading of the researcher found that the author did not use his own opinion when interpreting the verses of al- Quran, even many works of muktabar reference that he referred to. Since this work is still referenced by the community then a refinement effort must be made. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study and trace the reference sources used by Umar, M. S in Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, in addition to the researcher revealing how the references are processed using the genetic approach introduced by Goldman. Through this approach, all reference sources used from al-Jami ’al-Ahkam al-Quran by Al-Qurtubi, A. A. B. are revealed. The study shows that the author of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan has taken five approaches when processing the text from the work he referred to, namely; the text is quoted accurately and in parallel from the work of al-Jami 'al-Ahkam al-Quran, the author quotes the text abstractly from the work, the author omits some words from the referenced text before being included in Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan, the author adds description and explanation against the quoted text, as well as the author denying part of the text referenced. The researcher revealed that Umar, M. S. referred to al-Jami ’al-Ahkam al-Quran when writing Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan to strengthen his work. Thus, he succeeds in doing so when the text referred to coincides with the text in his work. However, in certain places, there is the text of Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan which is contrary to the text of al-Jami 'al-Ahkam al-Quran. This makes his interpretation of this section dubious.