Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lysimeter

Academic literature on the topic 'Lysimeter'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lysimeter"

1

Sołtysiak, Marek, and Michał Rakoczy. "An overview of the experimental research use of lysimeters." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0012.

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Abstract The lysimeter is most often defined as a box filled with soil with an intact structure for measuring the amount of infiltration and evapotranspiration in natural conditions. At the bottom of the device there is an outflow for atmospheric precipitation water infiltrating to a measuring container. Lysimeter studies are included in the group of dynamic leaching tests in which the leaching solution is added in a specified volume over a specific period of time. Lysimeter studies find applications in, amongst others, agrotechnics, hydrogeology and geochemistry. Lysimeter tests may vary in terms of the type of soil used (anthropogenic soil, natural soil), sample size, leaching solution, duration of the research and the purpose for conducting it. Lysimeter experiments provide more accurate results for leaching tests compared with static leaching tests. Unlike several-day tests, they should last for at least a year. There are about 2,500 lysimeters installed in nearly 200 stations around Europe. The vast majority of these (84%) are non-weighing lysimeters. There are a few challenges for lysimeter research mostly connected with the construction of the lysimeter, estimating leaching results and calibrating numerical transport models with data obtained from lysimeters. This review is devoted to the analysis of the principal types of lysimeters described in the literature within the context of their application. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of lysimeters in leaching studies.
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SHAHRAJABIAN, M. H., M. KHOSHKHARAM, A. SOLEYMANI, W. SUN, and Q. CHENG. "CONSIDERING SOIL WATER CONTENT, NUTRIENTS MOVEMENT, PHENOLOGY AND PLANT GROWTH WITH REFERENCE TO DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS IN A LYSIMETER STUDY." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 53, no. 1 (2020): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-010.

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Lysimeter is equipped with mechanisms for weighing by load cells enable automated measurements, and the signals resulting from weight changes in the system due to evaporation that are generally recorded in a data acquisition system. According to methods of measuring water content, lysimeters may be divided into weighing lysimeter and non-weighing lysimeter. The weighing lysimeters provide scientists the basic information for research related to evapotranspiration, and they are commonly divided into two types, continuous weighing and intermittent weighing. Weighing lysimeters have been used to quantify precipitation (P) not only in the form of rain or snow, but also dew, fog and rime, and also to determine actual evapotranspiration (ET). Compared to laboratory experiments, out-door lysimeter studies have advantages, like being closer to field environment conditions, it is possible to grow plants and therefore to study the fate of chemicals in soil/plant systems, transformations and leaching. The limitations are costy, which depend on design, variable experimental conditions, such as environmental/ climatic parameters, which are normally not controlled, the soil spatial variability is normally less, they are not suitable for every plant species and even every soil type. The objective of lysimeter is defining the crop coefficient (Kc), which used to convert ETr into equivalent crop evapotranpiration (ETc) values, and determing agronomical characteristics of crops, which are planted in the field of lysimeter. The duration of a lysimeter study is determined by the objective of the study, but for different crops, it should normally be at least two years. Weighing lysimeters using load cells have the advantage of measuring the water balance in the soil over a short time and with good accuracy. Precipitation should be recorded daily at the lysimeter site. All weather data like air temperature, solar radiation, humidity and potential evporation should be obtained onsite, and the frequency and time of measurements should be at least daily.
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López-Urrea, Ramón, José Jesús Pardo, Llanos Simón, Ángel Martínez-Romero, Francisco Montoya, José María Tarjuelo, and Alfonso Domínguez. "Assessing a Removable Mini-Lysimeter for Monitoring Crop Evapotranspiration Using a Well-Established Large Weighing Lysimeter: A Case Study for Barley and Potato." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102067.

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Further research is required on the measurement of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to produce new or updated crop coefficients for a large number of crops using accurate weighing lysimeters. However, large weighing lysimeters are sometimes expensive and are not portable, and different prototypes of small-sized lysimeters may be a feasible alternative. This study evaluated the performance of a removable mini-lysimeter model to measure ETc and derive crop coefficients using a long-established large precision weighing lysimeter over a two-year period. The study was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 barley and potato growing seasons, respectively, at a lysimeter facility located in Albacete (southeast Spain). ETc values were determined using daily mass change in the lysimeters. Irrigation was managed to avoid any water stress. In the barley season, the mini-lysimeter underestimated the seasonal ETc by 2%, the resulting errors in barley ETc estimation were an MBE of −0.070 mm d−1 and an RMSE of ±0.289 mm d−1. In the potato season, the mini-lysimeter overestimated the cumulative ETc by 5%, the resulting errors in potato ETc measurement were an MBE of 0.222 mm d−1 and an RMSE of ±0.497 mm d−1. The goodness of fit indicators showed a good agreement between the large and mini-lysimeter barley and potato ETc measurements at daily time step. Single (Kc) and dual crop coefficients (Kcb, crop transpiration + Ke, soil evaporation) were derived from the lysimeter measurements, the grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and the FAO56 dual Kc approach; after temperate standard climate adjustment, mid-season values were Kc mid (std) = 1.05 and Kcb mid (std) = 1.00 for barley; and Kc mid (std) = 1.06 and Kcb mid (std) = 1.02 for potato. The good agreement found between Kcb values and fc will allow barley and potato water requirements to be accurately estimated.
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Cameron, KC, DF Harrison, NP Smith, and CDA Mclay. "A method to prevent edge-flow in undisturbed soil cores and lysimeters." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900879.

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This study shows that edge-flow of water and solutes between soil samples and lysimeter or permeameter casings can result in significant errors in the measurement of hydraulic conductivity and leaching rates. A new lysimeter design and technique are described which prevent edge-flow from occurring. Liquefied petrolatum is injected into an annular gap between the soil and the lysimeter casing producing a watertight seal. Water and solute movement in the sealed lysimeter is therefore confined within the soil monolith and no edge-flow occurs. Hydraulic conductivity and solute leaching rates are significantly lower in sealed lysimeters compared with unsealed ones.
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Fernando, Salani U., Lakshman Galagedara, Mano Krishnapillai, and Chad W. Cuss. "Lysimeter Sampling System for Optimal Determination of Trace Elements in Soil Solutions." Water 15, no. 18 (September 16, 2023): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15183277.

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Understanding trace element (TE) composition and behavior in soil solution is extremely important for assessing ecological and human health impacts. Using lysimeters to collect soil solution with minimum alteration to the in situ phase distribution and concentration of TEs will facilitate a more accurate assessment. However, different lysimeter materials and sampling conditions may lead to vastly different results, demonstrating the need for the optimal choice of lysimeter depending upon environmental conditions. There is no general agreement or overview discussing the best lysimeter type and sampling system to use under various conditions. This review provides a critical summary of various lysimeters that can be used to collect soil solutions for the analysis of TEs and thereby provides key guidance for developing the best lysimeter sampling system for conditions and research questions of interest. This includes a range of aspects related to lysimeters, such as different types and materials, the basic principles of design and operation, advantages and disadvantages, challenges and limitations, techniques for cleaning and pretreatment, correct installation procedures, the influence of soil physical and chemical properties on sampling, and existing research gaps within this field.
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Peters, A., and W. Durner. "Large zero-tension plate lysimeters for soil water and solute collection in undisturbed soils." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2009): 4637–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-4637-2009.

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Abstract. Water collection from undisturbed unsaturated soils to estimate in situ water and solute fluxes in the field is a challenge, in particular if soils are heterogeneous. Large sampling devices are required if preferential flow paths are present. We present a modular plate system that allows installation of large zero-tension lysimeter plates under undisturbed soils in the field. To investigate the influence of the lysimeter on the water flow field in the soil, a numerical 2-D simulation study was conducted for homogeneous soils with uni- and bimodal pore-size distributions and stochastic Miller-Miller heterogeneity. The collection efficiency was found to be highly dependent on the hydraulic functions, infiltration rate, and lysimeter size, and was furthermore affected by the degree of heterogeneity. In homogeneous soils with high saturated conductivities the devices perform poorly and even large lysimeters (width 250 cm) can be bypassed by the soil water. Heterogeneities of soil hydraulic properties result into a network of flow channels that enhance the sampling efficiency of the lysimeter plates. Solute breakthrough into zero-tension lysimeter occurs slightly retarded as compared to the free soil, but concentrations in the collected water are similar to the mean flux concentration in the undisturbed soil. To validate the results from the numerical study, a dual tracer study with seven lysimeters of 1.25×1.25 m area was conducted in the field. Three lysimeters were installed underneath a 1.2 m filling of contaminated silty sand, the others deeper in the undisturbed soil. The lysimeters directly underneath the filled soil material collected water with a collection efficiency of 45%. The deeper lysimeters did not collect any water. The arrival of the tracers showed that almost all collected water came from preferential flow paths.
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Peters, A., and W. Durner. "Large zero-tension plate lysimeters for soil water and solute collection in undisturbed soils." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 18, 2009): 1671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1671-2009.

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Abstract. Water collection from undisturbed unsaturated soils to estimate in situ water and solute fluxes in the field is a challenge, in particular if soils are heterogeneous. Large sampling devices are required if preferential flow paths are present. We present a modular plate system that allows installation of large zero-tension lysimeter plates under undisturbed soils in the field. To investigate the influence of the lysimeter on the water flow field in the soil, a numerical 2-D simulation study was conducted for homogeneous soils with uni- and bimodal pore-size distributions and stochastic Miller-Miller heterogeneity. The collection efficiency was found to be highly dependent on the hydraulic functions, infiltration rate, and lysimeter size, and was furthermore affected by the degree of heterogeneity. In homogeneous soils with high saturated conductivities the devices perform poorly and even large lysimeters (width 250 cm) can be bypassed by the soil water. Heterogeneities of soil hydraulic properties result into a network of flow channels that enhance the sampling efficiency of the lysimeter plates. Solute breakthrough into zero-tension lysimeter occurs slightly retarded as compared to the free soil, but concentrations in the collected water are similar to the mean flux concentration in the undisturbed soil. To validate the results from the numerical study, a dual tracer study with seven lysimeters of 1.25×1.25 m area was conducted in the field. Three lysimeters were installed underneath a 1.2 m filling of contaminated silty sand, the others deeper in the undisturbed soil. The lysimeters directly underneath the filled soil material collected water with a collection efficiency of 45%. The deeper lysimeters did not collect any water. The arrival of the tracers showed that almost all collected water came from preferential flow paths.
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Gazula, Aparna, Eric Simonne, Michael Dukes, George Hochmuth, Bob Hochmuth, and David Studstill. "OPTIMIZATION OF DRAINAGE LYSIMETER DESIGN FOR FIELD DETERMINATION OF NUTRIENT LOADS." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 508D—508. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.508d.

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Collecting leachate from lysimeters installed in the field below vegetable fields may be used to quantify the amount of nitrogen released into the environment. Because limited information exists on the optimal design type and on the effect of design components on lysimeter performance, the objective of this study were to identify existing designs and their limits, assess cost of design, and test selected designs. Ideally, lysimeters should be wide enough to collect all the water draining, long enough to reflect the plant-to-plant variability, durable enough to resist degradation, deep enough to allow for cultural practices and prevent root intrusion, have a simple design, be made of widely available materials, and be cost-effective. Also, lysimeters should not restrict gravity flow thereby resulting in a perched water table. Previous study done with a group of free-drainage lysimeters (1-m-long, 45-cm-wide, installed 45-cm-deep) under a tomato-pumpkin-rye cropping sequence resulted in variable frequency of collection and volume of leachate collected (CV of load = 170%). Improving existing design may be done by increasing the length of collection, lining the lysimeter with gravel, limiting the depth of installation, and/or breaking water tension with a fiberglass wick. Individual lysimeter cost was estimated between $56 to $84 and required 9 to 14 manhours. for construction and installation. Costs on labor may be reduced when large numbers of lysimeters are built. Labor needed for sampling 24 lysimeters was 8 man-hr/sampling date. Because load may occur after a crop, lysimeter monitoring and sampling should be done year round.
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McCauley, Dalyn, Alexander Levin, and Lloyd Nackley. "Reviewing Mini-lysimeter Controlled Irrigation in Container Crop Systems." HortTechnology 31, no. 6 (December 2021): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04826-21.

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This study reviews how mini-lysimeters have been used effectively to optimize irrigation control in container horticulture production. Lysimeters are devices that measure evapotranspiration (ET) from the water balance of a fixed soil volume. The primary components of lysimeter-controlled irrigation are load cell sensors, a multiplexer, a data logger, a controller, and solenoid valves. The two common mini-lysimeter systems are platform lysimeters and suspension lysimeters. In these systems, a bending-beam single-point load cell is fastened between two plates, and a container is placed directly on the top platform. Platform lysimeters are commonly used for smaller pot sizes, and suspension lysimeters have been used for large shade trees up to 2.8 m tall and weighing 225 kg. Mini-lysimeters have been used for decades to calibrate ET models and create on-demand irrigation control programs that replenish plant daily water use or maintain deficit conditions. Research has demonstrated that lysimeter-based irrigation can respond more effectively to seasonal and diurnal variations in water demand, increasing irrigation cycles when evaporative demand is high, and decreasing irrigation cycles when demand is low. A strength of these systems is that for containerized plants, such as nursery production systems, mini-lysimeters capture whole-plant water use, which presents a more holistic measure compared with soil moisture sensors or leaf moisture sensors.
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Isch, Arnaud, Denis Montenach, Frederic Hammel, Philippe Ackerer, and Yves Coquet. "A Comparative Study of Water and Bromide Transport in a Bare Loam Soil Using Lysimeters and Field Plots." Water 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2019): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061199.

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The purpose of this methodological study was to test whether similar soil hydraulic and solute transport properties could be estimated from field plots and lysimeter measurements. The transport of water and bromide (as an inert conservative solute tracer) in three bare field plots and in six bare soil lysimeters were compared. Daily readings of matric head and volumetric water content in the lysimeters showed a profile that was increasingly humid with depth. The hydrodynamic parameters optimized with HYDRUS-1D provided an accurate description of the experimental data for both the field plots and the lysimeters. However, bromide transport in the lysimeters was influenced by preferential transport, which required the use of the mobile/immobile water (MIM) model to suitably describe the experimental data. Water and solute transport observed in the field plots was not accurately described when using parameters optimized with lysimeter data (cross-simulation), and vice versa. The soil’s return to atmospheric pressure at the bottom of the lysimeter and differences in tillage practices between the two set-ups had a strong impact on soil water dynamics. The preferential flow of bromide observed in the lysimeters prevented an accurate simulation of solute transport in field plots using the mean optimized parameters on lysimeters and vice versa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lysimeter"

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McGinley, Susan. "The Weighing Lysimeter Project." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622350.

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Stanley, Mary Helen. "Suction Cup Lysimeter Method for Extracting Pine Bark Substrate Solution." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42244.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of suction cup lysimeters (SCL) in extracting substrate solution from pine bark substrates. Lysimeter types tested were 4.8-cm diameter with a ½ or 1-bar air-entry value (AEV) and 2.2-cm diameter also with a ½ or 1-bar AEV. Sufficient volume could be obtained when a vacuum pressure of 30, 40 or 50 cb was applied to lysimeters with a minimum extraction time of five minutes. The 2.2-cm lysimeters were found to be suitable for extracting solution if smaller sample volumes were needed. To determine effect of vacuum pressure and extraction time on volume extracted, the 4.8-cm ½-bar lysimeters were installed in containers with pine bark substrate and Quercus phellos L. (willow oak) trees. Volumes extracted were somewhat erratic and not strongly dependent upon centibars of vacuum or extraction time. Lysimeters immersed in water demonstrated that variability was not due to individual lysimeters, but to the coarse nature of the pine bark substrate. Substrate EC levels were not affected when volume of substrate solution extracted by the SCL's varied from 10 to190 ml.â To determine the effectiveness of SCL's to monitor nutrient status of container-grown shade trees, two-year-old container-grown willow oak trees were grown in a pine bark substrate and fertilized with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300 grams Osmocote Plus Northern (15N â 3.9P â 9.8K). Plant height and trunk diameter increased with up to 200 grams of Osmocote per container. There was a good relationship between solution EC and plant growth
Master of Science
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Amter, Steven 1956. "Injection/recovery lysimeter technique for unsaturated zone soil-water extraction." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191933.

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Current methods of vacuum lysimetry only allow water samples to be collected from the unsaturated zone in relatively wet soils. This thesis presents the results of computer simulation and field testing of a promising new technique that allows water samples to be collected regardless of antecedent moisture content. Injection of a chemically neutral fluid will increase the moisture content of a relatively dry soil, allowing the collection of a sample that contains soil water diluted in the injection fluid. This can be analyzed to yield qualitative chemical data. Although injection was found to alter soil structure and soil-water chemistry in some instances, the technique can be used in existing lysimeters, without modification, to repeatedly obtain partially representative soil-water samples containing inorganic and organic compounds. Injection lysimetry is best suited to those applications, such as tracer tests and detection of containment leakage, where absolute chemical concentrations are not required.
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Goldenfum, Joel Avruch. "Soil water flow processes : a critical evaluation using numerical simulations and lysimeter data." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339212.

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Tirado-Corbala, Rebecca. "A Lysimeter Study of Vadose Zone Porosity and Water Movement in Gypsum Amended Soils." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290111537.

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Amankwah, Edward Akwasi. "Predictive Modeling of Organic Pollutant Leaching and Transport Behavior at the Lysimeter and Field Scales." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1195122485300-99209.

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Soil and groundwater pollution has become a global issue since the advent of industrialization and mechanized agriculture. Some contaminants such as PAHs may persist in the subsurface for decades and centuries. In a bid to address these issues, protection of groundwater must be based on the quantification of potential threats to pollution at the subsurface which is often inaccessible. Risk assessment of groundwater pollution may however be strongly supported by applying process-based simulation models, which turn out to be particularly helpful with regard to long-term predictions, which cannot be undertaken by experiments. Such reliable predictions, however, can only be achieved if the used modeling tool is known to be applicable. The aim of this work was threefold. First, a source strength function was developed to describe the leaching behavior of point source organic contaminants and thereby acting as a time-dependent upper boundary condition for transport models. For general application of these functions dimensionless numbers known as Damköhler numbers were used to characterize the reaction of the pollutants with the solid matrix. Two functions were derived and have been incorporated into an Excel worksheet to act as a practical aid in the quantification of leaching behavior of organic contaminant in seepage water prognoses. Second, the process based model tool SMART, which is well validated for laboratory scale data, was applied to lysimeter scale data from two research centres, FZJ (Jülich) and GSF (München) for long term predictions. Results from pure forward model runs show a fairly good correlation with the measured data. Finally, the derived source term functions in combination with the SMART model were used to assess groundwater vulnerability beneath a typical landfill at Kwabenya in Ghana. The predicted breakthrough time after leaking from the landfill was more than 200 years considering the operational time of the facility (30 years). Considering contaminant degradation, the landfill would therefore not cause groundwater pollution under the simulated scenarios and the SMART model can be used to establish waste acceptance criteria for organic contaminants in the landfill at Kwabenya
Seit dem Beginn der Industrialisierung und der mechanisierten Landwirtschaft wurde die Boden- und Grundwasserverschmutzung zu einem weltweiten Problem. Einige Schadstoffe wie z. B. PAK können für Jahrzehnte oder Jahrhunderte im Untergrund bestehen. Um diese Probleme behandeln zu können, muss der Schutz des Grundwassers basierend auf der Quantifizierung potentieller Gefährdungen des zumeist unzugänglichen Untergrundes erfolgen. Risikoabschätzungen von Grundwasserverschmutzungen können jedoch durch die Anwendung prozess-basierter Simulationsmodelle erheblich unterstützt werden, die sich besonders im Hinblick auf Langzeitvorhersagen als hilfreich erweisen und nicht experimentell ermittelbar sind. Derart zuverlässige Vorhersagen können jedoch nur erhalten werden, wenn das verwendete Modellierwerkzeug als anwendbar bekannt ist. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand aus drei Teilen. Erstens wurde eine Quellstärke-funktion entwickelt, die das Ausbreitungsverhalten organischer Schadstoffe aus einer Punktquelle beschreibt und dadurch als zeitabhängige obere Randbedingung bei Transportmodellen dienen kann. Im Hinblick auf die allgemeine Anwendbarkeit dieser Funktion werden als Damköhler-Zahlen bekannte, dimensionslose Zahlen verwendet, um die Reaktion von Schadstoffen mit Feststoffen zu charakterisieren. Zwei Funktionen wurden abgeleitet und in ein Excel-Arbeitsblatt eingefügt, das ein praktisches Hilfsmittel bei der Quantifizierung des Freisetzungsverhaltens organischer Schadstoffe im Rahmen der Sickerwasserprognose darstellt. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit beinhaltet die Anwendung des prozessbasierten und mittels Laborexperimenten validierten Modellwerkzeugs SMART für Langzeitprognosen auf der Lysimeterskala anhand von Daten zweier Forschungszentren, FZJ (Jülich) und GSF (München). Ergebnisse reiner Vorwärtsmodellierungsläufe zeigten gute Übereinstimmungen mit den gemessenen Daten. Im dritten Teil wurden die erhaltenen Quellstärkefunktionen in Kombination mit dem SMART-Modell eingesetzt, um das Grundwassergefährdungspotential unter einer typischen Deponie in Kwabenya, Ghana, einzuschätzen. Die vorhergesagten Durchbruchszeiten nach einer Leckage in der Deponie betragen über 200 Jahre bei einer Betriebszeit von 30 Jahren. Unter Berücksichtigung des Schadstoffabbaus verursacht die Deponie somit keine Grundwasserverunreinigung im Rahmen der simulierten Szenarien und das SMART-Modell kann verwendet werden, um Schadstoffgrenzwerte für organische Schadstoffe in der Deponie in Kwabenya festzulegen
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Kelemen, Julia C. "Effects of tree encroachment on the water balance of a Scottish raised mire : a lysimeter study." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320593.

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Johansson, Pontus. "Utvärdering av fosforläckageefter stallgödsling med hjälp av lysimeterteknik : Evaluation of phosphorus leaching aftermanure application using lysimeter techniques." Thesis, Mark och miljö, SLU, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111172.

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Based on laboratory studies with lysimeters, the concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus

(DRP) and particulate phosphorus, which is the main part of other P (OVRP), has been studied in

percolating water. The experiment was conducted through irrigation of small soil columns

containing clay topsoil from an experimental field in Västergötland. Three rain simulations were

consecutively performed. DRP concentrations in the percolating water ranged between 0.2 - 0.3

mg·L

clearly related to the phosphorus concentration in the soil, measured in a soil extract of

ammonium lactate (P-AL). Concentrations of OVRP were relatively low and ranged between

0.12 and 0.16 mg·L

was not proven and the experiment may reflect how a relatively slow percolation of water may

release DRP. In contrast, from observed fields with drainage systems quite high concentrations of

OVRP are typically recorded. This is generally explained by fast flows through macropores in the

soil and through the drain tile systems.

Solid manure was applied to the lysimeters equal to a normal agricultural load (30 tons per ha),

and thereafter another three rainfall were simulated. The load of manure increased the leaching of

DRP approx. 7 times. The largest increase was observed from the soils with the highest P-ALnumbers.

The relative boosts of DRP after manure application increased linearly relative to the PAL

number of the soil and with a high correlation coefficient. Thus the results from the manure

addition indicated that the soil with highest phosphorus concentrations released proportionally

more phosphorus than soils with low P-AL numbers. The studies demonstrate the importance of

adjusting the load of manure to the soil phosphorus content. Presently the spreading of manure is

only restricted by the number of cattle/cultivated land, not to the P-AL number of the soil.

-1. The amount of DRP percolating from four soils with different fertilization history was-1 in the percolating water passing through the topsoil. Any macropore flow

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Hu, Qing. "Migration and plant uptake of radionuclides in laboratory soil columns and field lysimeter with contaminated water tables." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287371.

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Mangwende, Tapera Elias. "Quantifying nitrogen leaching in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using lysimeter stable isotope conservative tracer and modelling techniques." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65909.

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Nitrogen (N) leaching is one of the important pathways that leads to water pollution, and previous studies have highlighted the difficulty in measuring it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different techniques used to quantify nitrate-N (NO3-N) leaching load and determine fertiliser N use efficiency (FNUE). Lysimeter and field trial sites were planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum) (PAN3400 cultivar) at the University of Pretoria Experimental Farm, Hatfield, Pretoria. Two weighing lysimeters and a drain gauge were installed at the lysimeter trial site. Water content sensors and suction cups (SCs) were installed at 0.15, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 m depths in the weighing lysimeters and close to the drain gauge, while SCs, wetting front detectors (WFDs) and water content sensors were installed at 0.25 and 0.5 m in the field trial site. The crop was fertilised with 200 kg N ha-1 at both sites, but no fertiliser was applied on unfertilised control plots at the field trial site. High density drip irrigation was used at both sites, and bromide (Br-) was applied to all field plots at 0.020 kg m-2. Water was sampled from the SCs, WFDs and the bottom of weighing lysimeters and drain gauge to determine soil water NO3-N and Br- concentrations. Soil samples collected before and after the trial, and plant samples taken at tillering, flowering and physiological maturity were analysed for plant N% and stable 15N natural abundance using a mass spectrometer. Phenological and growth data from the lysimeter trial were used to calibrate Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model for the first time (according to our knowledge) on wheat in South Africa. The model was then validated using data from the field trial. The drain gauge drained more frequently and in greater amounts than the weighing lysimeters, and NO3- was observed in drainage water from the drain gauge, but was undetectable from the weighing lysimeters drainage possibly because of saturated bottom layer that promoted denitrification. Based on stable 15N natural abundance, the FNUE was 68%, so the fertilised crop did not use 32% of the applied fertiliser. Good correlation was noted between the flag leaf and total plant N% at physiological maturity, indicating that flag leaf can be used to determine the FNUE without requiring whole plant analysis. The potential NO3-N leaching determined using a Br- conservative tracer was 51.5 kg ha-1 season-1. In fertilised plots, the calibrated model predicted NO3-N leaching of 22.7 kg ha-1 season-1, which was slightly lower than the drain gauge measured NO3-N leaching 24.9 kg ha-1 season. Therefore, the drain gauge shows excellent promise in quantifying N leaching but will require further testing under a range of cropping systems. Since the measured drain gauge and simulated NO3-N leaching agreed, and variables such as grain yield, total above dry matter, leaf area index and soil water content were reasonably simulated, the APSIM model can be applied to wheat cropping systems to improve N management decisions. The model confirmed that proper timing of N applications can reduce leaching losses, but further tests are required in several wheat growing agro-ecological zones to explore N management options that minimise N leaching losses. Even without measurements and/or modelling of N losses and crop uptake, results of this study for wheat indicate that the 15N stable isotopes can be used on its own to estimate FNUE, but more studies from different soil types and on wheat varieties are required to verify the trends observed in this study.
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MSc (Agric)
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Books on the topic "Lysimeter"

1

Führ, F., R. J. Hance, J. R. Plimmer, and J. O. Nelson, eds. The Lysimeter Concept. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0699.

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Rogers, Robert D. Lysimeter literature review. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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W, McConnell J., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, and Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company, eds. Field lysimeter investigations--test results. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1995.

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F, Führ, American Chemical Society. Division of Agrochemicals., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. The lysimeter concept: Environmental behavior of pesticides. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998.

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F, Führ, and Hance R. J, eds. Lysimeter studies of the fate of pesticides in the soil: Studies associated with two workshops held at the Nuclear Research Centre, Jülich and the L.L.F.A. Neustadt, Germany in 1989 and 1990. Surrey, UK: British Crop Protection Council, 1992.

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Titus, B. D. Lysimeter system designs used in soils research: A review. St. John's, Newfoundland: Canadian Forest Service. Newfoundland & Labrador Region, 1996.

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G, Allen R., American Society of Civil Engineers. Irrigation and Drainage Division., and American Society of Agricultural Engineers., eds. Lysimeters for evapotranspiration and environmental measurements: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Lysimetry : Honolulu, Hawaii, July 23-25, 1991. New York, N.Y: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991.

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Kirkham, R. R. Field lysimeter test facility for protective barriers: Experimental plan. Richland, Wash: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1987.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. and Ecologistics Limited, eds. Quantification of infiltration through landfill covers: R.A.C. Project no. 440C. [Toronto]: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1991.

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Woods, B. L. Diffusion of tritiated water in unsaturated soil: II. results of a lysimeter experiment. Chalk River, Ont: Chalk River Laboratories, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lysimeter"

1

Reth, Sascha, Oscar Perez-Priego, Heinz Coners, and Reinhard Nolz. "Lysimeter." In Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements, 1569–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4_58.

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Nolting, H. G., and K. Schinkel. "Lysimeter Data in Pesticide Authorization." In ACS Symposium Series, 238–45. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0699.ch018.

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Oliveira, Geraldo, Carlos Almeida, João Miguel Santos, João C. Martins, and José Jasnau Caeiro. "IoT Lysimeter System with Enhanced Data Security." In CONTROLO 2022, 119–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10047-5_11.

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Almeida, Carlos, João C. Martins, João Miguel Santos, and José Jasnau Caeiro. "Smart Lysimeter with Crop and Environment Monitoring." In Internet of Things. Technology and Applications, 48–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96466-5_4.

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Bredemeier, M. "A New Mobile Lysimeter Probe for Soil Water Sampling." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 735–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_138.

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Weber, Jerome B., David H. Hardy, and Ross B. Leidy. "Laboratory, Greenhouse, and Field Lysimeter Studies of14C-Atrazine Volatilization." In ACS Symposium Series, 125–42. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0813.ch009.

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Rajkumar, Sujatha, Apoorv Singh, Ayush Ranjan, and Pratyay Halder. "Smart Lysimeter with Artificial Lighting & Plant Monitoring System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 593–604. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25088-0_52.

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Gutser, R., and P. Dosch. "Cattle-slurry — 15N turnover in a long-term lysimeter trial." In Fertilizers and Environment, 345–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_59.

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Jones, R. L., R. G. Parsons, E. W. Gatzweiler, R. J. Wicks, and C. R. Leake. "An Industry Approach to the Application of the Lysimeter Concept." In ACS Symposium Series, 203–12. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0699.ch015.

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Balla, Helmut, Juliane Seeger, Ralph Meissner, and Melitta Stratschka. "Lysimeter- und Kleineinzugsgebietsuntersuchungen zum Einfluß von Landnutzungsänderungen auf die Wasserqualität." In Gewässerschutz im Einzugsgebiet der Elbe, 401–2. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80011-4_132.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lysimeter"

1

Kolupaeva, V. N., A. A. Belik, and A. A. Kokoreva. "Lysimeter Leaching Study of Cyantraniliprole." In The 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/awspt18.133.

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Bakhtiari, B., R. Kamyab Moghadas, M. J. Khanjani, and H. Taraz. "Kerman weighing electronic lysimeter error analysis." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060141.

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Hoysagk, J., M. Pesch, F. Eulenstein, and A. Behrendt. "Nutrient Balances of Rewetted Fens – Groundwater Lysimeter Results." In XXV International Grassland Congress. Berea, KY 40403: International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0035.

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Waugh, W. J., P. S. Mushovic, and A. W. Kleinrath. "Lysimeter Tests for an ET Cover Design at Monticello, Utah." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)63.

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LOPES, N. R., J. O. COSTA, A. M. ALMEIDA, R. D. COELHO, T. H. S. BARROS, and A. N. ALMEIDA. "DAILY REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION: COMPARING MODELS WITH DRAINAGE LYSIMETER READINGS." In IV Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/ESALQ-USP/ABID/UFRB/INCT-EI/INCTSal/INSTITUTO FUTURE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7127/iv-inovagri-meeting-2017-res0250220.

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Soltysiak, Marek. "LYSIMETER RESEARCH OF STEELWORK SLAGS FROM THE KATOWICE STEELWORK (SOUTHERN POLAND)." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/12/s02.066.

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Dabrowska, Dominika. "LYSIMETER EXPERIMENTS ON MUNICIPAL LANDFILL WASTE - OVERVIEW OF CURRENT GLOBAL RESEARCH." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.1/s20.064.

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Gjerapic, G., and M. Wickham. "Parameter Estimation from Stepped-Irrigation Tests on Instrumented Lysimeter Test Plots." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)5.

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Egbuikwem, Precious N., and Gregory C. Obiechefu. "Evaluation of Evapotranspiration Models for Waterleaf crop using Data from Lysimeter." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700025.

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Garey A Fox, Maria Chu-Agor, and Glenn V Wilson. "Erosion of Noncohesive Sediment by Groundwater Seepage: Lysimeter Experiments and Modeling." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23422.

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Reports on the topic "Lysimeter"

1

Rogers, R. D., and J. W. Jr McConnell. Lysimeter literature review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10183270.

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Voogt, Wim, Joseph Stoenner, Jos Balendonck, and Aat van Winkel. Validatie van de Virtuele Lysimeter : de Virtuele Lysimeter getest en gevalideerd op praktijkbedrijven. Wageningen: Wageningen Plant Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/640606.

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Murphy, C. E. Jr. Lysimeter study of vegetative uptake from saltstone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6757736.

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Cantrell, Kirk J. Geochemical Modeling of ILAW Lysimeter Water Extracts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1166880.

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Eddy-Dilek, C. A. The Bladon Lysimeter: An Innovative Environmental Characterization Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/773109.

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Kirkham, R. R., G. W. Gee, and J. L. Downs. Field Lysimeter Test Facility for protective barriers: Experimental plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497673.

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Kaplan, D., K. Roberts, and L. Bagwell. Status of SRNL radiological field lysimeter experiment-Year 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169577.

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Gee, G. W., D. G. Felmy, J. C. Ritter, M. D. Campbell, J. L. Downs, M. J. Fayer, R. R. Kirkham, and S. O. Link. Field Lysimeter Test Facility status report IV: FY 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194920.

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Roberts, K., D. Kaplan, L. Bagwell, B. Powell, P. Almond, H. Emerson, A. Hixon, J. Jablonski, C. Buchanan, and T. Waterhouse. SRNL RADIONUCLIDE FIELD LYSIMETER EXPERIMENT: BASELINE CONSTRUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053691.

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Bacon, Diana H., Phillip D. Meyer, James J. Neeway, Yilin Fang, Robert M. Asmussen, and Christopher E. Strickland. Field-Scale Lysimeter Studies of Low-Activity Waste Form Degradation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1460055.

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