Academic literature on the topic 'Lymphocytes innés'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lymphocytes innés":
Olivier, C., O. Le Rouzic, N. Just, G. Kervoaze, F. Trottein, M. Pichavant, and P. Gosset. "Altération de la production d’IFN-γ, IL-17 et IL-22 par les lymphocytes innés en réponse à l’infection au cours de la BPCO." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 31, no. 7 (September 2014): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2014.04.021.
MERLOT, E. "Conséquences du stress sur la fonction immunitaire chez les animaux d’élevage." INRAE Productions Animales 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2004): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.4.3601.
Barbarin, Alice, André Herbelin, and Jean-Marc Gombert. "Les fonctions innées des lymphocytes T CD8 dans la lutte contre le cancer." médecine/sciences 33, no. 11 (November 2017): 927–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20173311004.
Hamada, Sarah, Olivier Thaunat, and Alice Koenig. "Un nouveau type de rejet de greffe induit par les lymphocytes natural killer : le rejet chronique vasculaire « inné »." médecine/sciences 36, no. 11 (November 2020): 984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020183.
Boulanger, Nathalie. "Rôle immunomodulateur de la salive de tique dans la transmission d’agents infectieux." Biologie Aujourd'hui 212, no. 3-4 (2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2019001.
Combadière, Béhazine. "Immunité adaptative contre le virus SARS-CoV-2." médecine/sciences 36, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020168.
Jurchenko, A. V., A. A. Taube, E. V. Shubnikova, V. V. Smirnov, and G. V. Ramenskaya. "Studying the potential of the russian market of medicines based on monoclonal antibodies." Pharmacoeconomics: theory and practice 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30809/phe.3.2022.1.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lymphocytes innés":
Grau, Morgan. "Identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs permettant la caractérisation des lymphocytes T CD8 mémoires innés." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1023/document.
The pool of memory CD8 T cells is composed of two major cell classes. On one hand, conventional memory CD8 T cells are generated consequently to the specific recognition of pathogen or tumor derived antigens. On the other hand, innate memory CD8 T cells are generated through several mechanisms involving strong yc cytokine stimulation in the absence of cognate antigen recognition. However, these cell classes harbor a very similar phenotype. As a consequence, innate memory CD8 T cell population remains poorly characterized. This PhD has two main objectives : 1 / Identify new biomarkers that enable the discrimination between memory CD8 T cell classes 2/ Characterize the population of innate memory CD8 T cells in physiological condition Our results show that among the pool of memory CD8 T cells, only the conventional ones express the chemokine CCL5 and the NK receptor NKG2D. These two biomarkers enable for the first time the discrimination of memory CD8 T cell classes in physiological settings, in both mouse and human. Thanks to these new tools, we show that innate memory CD8 T cells hold typical memory features, such as an increased reactivity compared to naïve cells and a genetic program similar to the one of conventional memory cells. Nevertheless, this cell population also retains some features typical of naïve cells. The diversified TCR repertoire of this cell population allows it to participate to primary immune responses against various intracellular pathogens. Moreover, like naïve cells, innate memory CD8 T cells fail to access peripheral tissues upon local inflammation, which correlate with an absence of expression of some integrins. Altogether, these results demonstrate that innate memory CD8 T cells, characterized by the absence of expression of CCL5 and NKG2D, represent a hybrid cell population, at the boundary between naïve cells and conventional memory cells
Cayssials, Émilie. "Les lymphocytes T CD8 innés et immunosurveillance antitumorale : application au modèle de la leucémie myéloïde chronique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1407.
We have recently identified a new subset of innate T cells in humans, which we have termed « innate CD8 T-cells ». These cells express TCRαβ along with the transcription factor Eomesodermine (Eomes) and KIR/NKG2A membrane receptors. Innate CD8 T-cells share functional and phenotypic features with “innate memory” CD8 T-cells discovered in mice in the early 2000s. The development of these cells depends on the secretion of IL-4 by the T cells expressing the transcription factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF), and particularly iNKT, also called « invariant Natural Killer T-cells ». We have used the physiopathological model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to study the potential role of innate CD8 T -cells in anticancer immunity in humans. Indeed, CML is considered to be one of the cancers most sensitive to immunological manipulation. CML is a malignant hemopathy that belongs to the family of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. This oncogene is responsible for expression of the oncoprotein BCR-ABL with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) represent the standard of care for CML patients, of which the first in class was Imatinib. This targeted therapy has dramatically improved outcomes CML patients' outcomes, but they cannot achieve a cure. We previously reported that iNKT lymphocytes, a sub-population of innate T cells of which the implication into anti-tumoral immunosurveillance has been clearly demonstrated in human and in mouse models, are anergic in CML patients at diagnosis. Although these cells are functionally impaired, particularly in terms of IL-4 secretion, we have shown that their functional deficiencies are totally restored in CML patients in complete cytogenetic remission upon Imatinib therapy. Similarly to the iNKT lymphocytes, we presently show a major defect in the innate CD8 T-cells during the chronic phase in CML patients compared to those of healthy donors (HD) or patients in major molecular remission (MMR). This numerical defect is associated with a loss of NK-like functions (interferon-γ expression after innate stimulation by IL-12+IL-18 cytokines and with a loss of degranulation after stimulation via CD16). Interestingly, we have observed in patients in MMR under Imatinib a numeric and functional restoration that is at least partial, in terms of interferon-γ secretion after innate stimulation, of the innate CD8 T-cells. In analysis of cohorts of HD, CML patients at diagnosis and those in MMR under TKI, we have observed a correlation between Eomes expression by innate T CD8 T-cells and PLZF expression by iNKT cells. This finding underscores a possible dynamic process of generation of innate CD8 T-cells in humans that would depend on iNKT cells, as is the case in mice. To test the hypothesis that innate CD8 T-cells contribute to the control of CML, we have analyzed their status in a cohort of CML patients who, in spite of a persistent minimal residual disease, had maintained remission (MMR) more than two years after TKI discontinuation. In these patients, we demonstrate a dramatic increase of functional active innate CD8 T-cells as compared to HD and patients in MMR under TKI. All in all, these results underscore the major role of innate CD8 T-cells in anti-leukemic immunity during CML disease. We believe and we will test the hypothesis that the numeric and functional restoration of this subset might constitute a potential biomarker of successful TKI cessation in CML. We will also investigate whether innate CD8 T-cells could be a target for immunotherapy-based strategy
Hariss, Fatima. "Etude du rôle des Lymphocytes Intraépithéliaux innés dans la réponse immune protectrice contre Cryptosporidium parvum." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS047.
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) reside between intestinal epithelial cells and thus are the first immune cells to contact intestinal pathogens. In addition to respond rapidly to infection, they regulate intestinal homeostasis and maintain the epithelial barrier. This wide range of functions is achieved by distinct subsets of T and innate lymphocytes. Innate IEL which share many features with NK/ILC1 cells have been identified recently. These cells dominate the gut epithelium at birth and when the adaptive immunity is compromised. Their role in the immune response against intestinal pathogens remains however poorly studied.During my PhD thesis, I have investigated the role of innate IEL subsets in Crysptosporidium infection. Crysptosporidium is a common parasite that infects the gut epithelium. The infection is self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals, but it can be severe in immunocompromised individuals and children in whom innate IEL dominate.To study the specific role of innate IEL, we have developed an in vitro model that consist to co-culture mice 3D intestinal organoids infected with C parvum with innate IELs from RAG2-/- mice. Thanks to this original model, we demonstrated that innate IELs control parasite proliferation. We further showed that although innate IEL secrete IFN-ƴ in response to C parvum infection, the IFN-ƴ secretion was not sufficient to inhibit parasite proliferation. The protective effect of innate IELs was in fact mediated by a cytotoxic, granzyme-dependent mechanism. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed that infected epithelial cells down regulated serpinb9b, a granzyme inhibitor, and thus may be more sensitive to cytotoxic attack
Daniel, Lauren. "Les lymphocytes T CD8 innés, une nouvelle population T non conventionnelle (re)programmée en transplantation rénale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT1403.
Innate CD8 T-cells are a non-conventional αβ-T-cell population recently described in our laboratory. We call them “non-conventional” because of their expression of markers from both adaptive immunity (transcription factor Eomesodermin and memory T-cell phenotype) and innate immunity (Natural Killer cell receptors, response to innate-like cytokine stimulation). The functions of innate CD8 T-cells are not well-known, although there are strong arguments for their involvement in anti-infectious and anti-tumor immunity.It has been reported that immunosenescence and/or chronic antigenic stimulation (induced, for example, by chronic viral cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections) result(s) in NK marker expression by T-cells. This phenotype is therefore similar to that of our cells of interest. To study the influence of chronic antigen stimulation on CD8 T-cells, and especially their innate component, we chose organ transplantation as a model. In this domain, research has been focused on immune cell populations that may play a role in graft tolerance or rejection. Among them, innate CD8 T-cells deserve special attention due to their effector/cytotoxic innate functions. We presumed their being reprogrammed by graft and/or viral chronic stimulation during organ transplantation. This hypothesis was tested in a cohort of patients with kidney-transplants for more than ten years, under minimized immunosuppressive treatment (ciclosporin A (CsA) monotherapy), without any clinical and biological sign of rejection. First, our work revealed a more accentuated senescent phenotype (increased frequency of CD27(-)CD28(-) cells) in innate CD8 T-cells from healthy donors (HD) than in their conventional counterpart. Moreover, the frequency of the innate T-cell population, unlike that of conventional CD8 T-cells, did not correlate with age.In the cohort of transplant patients, we observed an increased frequency of innate CD8 T-cells, accompanied by an exacerbated senescent and terminal effector (CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)) phenotype, compared to HD cells. Patients with positive CMV serology had an increased senescent phenotype compared to patients with negative serology.By altering TCR signaling, CsA immunosuppressive therapy could also facilitate the (re)programming of CD8 T-cells in favor of their innate counterpart. In agreement with this hypothesis, in vitro modeling of CsA effects on CD8 T-cells from HD in the presence of IL-15 and TCR stimulation enabled us to document an increased innate CD8 T-cell pool to the detriment of the naive CD8 T-cell pool, accompanied by an enhancement of their functions (innate production of IFN-γ).Conversely, in transplant patients, innate CD8 T-cells were dysfunctional, with decreased innate IFN-γ production, which may result from their decreased membrane expression of the IL-15 receptor, a cytokine essential for innate CD8 T-cells. This dysfunction, which cannot be attributed to cellular exhaustion or cancer history, raises the question of the role of chronic allo-specific stimulation.All in all, this work suggests that the context of renal allogenic transplantation leads to reprogramming and aging-like phenotype of innate CD8 T-cells, linked (at least partially) to immunosuppressive treatment. This hypothesis requires confirmation by a precise analysis of the direct allo-specificity of innate CD8 T-cells against the graft
Dupraz, Louise. "Régulation des lymphocytes T innés par le microbiote intestinal Enterobacteriaceae are essential for the modulation of colitis severity by fungi Impaired Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production by the Gut Microbiota Is a Key Factor in Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS598.
From birth, a very large number of commensal microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and viruses colonize the human gastrointestinal tract. This gut microbiota is essential to develop the immune defences of the host against the infections, to allow a tissue repair and an adequate nutritional metabolism. Gamma-delta T lymphocytes, or innate T lymphocytes, are resident T cells in tissues, implicated in intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Placed between innate and adaptive immunity, this population has activation capacities and functional properties, that give it functions both beneficial and deleterious. Decoding their regulation is crucial to prevent inappropriate immune responses without compromising intrinsic protective mechanisms. During my PhD, we have highlighted that short chain fatty acids (SCFA), metabolites producted by the gut microbiota, inhibit IL-17 and IL-22 productions by innate T cells, in vitro and in vivo by decreasing histone deacetylases (HDACs) (Dupraz et al. submit). These data contribute to a better understanding of the intestinal physiology as well as the environmental mechanisms involved in IBD and thus will open potentially new therapeutic perspectives
Chabab, Ghita. "Caractérisation d'une sous-population de LT γδ régulateurs dans les cancers solides humains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT067.
Γδ T cells contribute to the anti-tumor immunity within the tumor microenvironment in various cancers. Despite their well-described effector functions, recent studies correlated their presence in the tumor microenvironment with solid tumor progression suggesting that γδ T cells may display pro-tumor activities. My project aimed to characterize those regulatory γδ T cells and decipher their role in cancer.We demonstrated in vitro that inflammatory signals promote the development of a regulatory γδ T cell sub-population characterized by the expression of CD73 and displaying immunosuppressive functions through the production of immunosuppressive molecules such as IL-10, adenosine and the angiogenic and chemotactic factor IL-8. The challenge associated with the characterization of CD73+ γδ T cells resides in assessing their existence in vivo as well as their relevance in human cancers. We showed in human breast cancer that ~20% of tumor infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes (TILs) expressed CD73 and displayed the same immunosuppressive functions as described in vitro, suggesting that they could promote tumor development via these mechanisms. In line with these observations, we showed that the presence of γδ TILs is associated with late tumor grades in breast cancer. We extended such observations to ovarian cancer and showed that the density of CD73+ γδ TILs negatively correlates with patient survival, suggesting that CD73+ γδ TILs density could be used as a prognosis factor. Using Imaging by Mass Cytometry, we investigated the cellular networks of regulatory γδ TILs (CD73+) and their effector counterpart (CD73-) in breast and ovarian tumors to better understand their role in cancer. Our data show different ecosystems for CD73+ compared to CD73- γδ TILs reinforcing the idea that CD73+ and CD73- γδ T cells are functionally different.Altogether, these data improve our knowledge on human γδ T cell biology during cancer development, with the in-depth characterization of the new regulatory γδ T cell subset, their localization and their functions within the tumor microenvironment
Velut, Yoan. "Caractérisation des clusters de lymphocytes T CD8+, T régulateurs FoxP3+ et des neutrophiles CD66b+ dans le cancer broncho-pulmonaire et son impact dans l'immunothérapie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS457.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Although having benefited from numerous medical advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancers, survival of patients suffering from lung cancer remains poor with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%, all stages combined. Nowadays, the immune system influence on tumor control and progression is clearly established. Numerous studies have shown that the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment has a strong prognostic and predictive impact on the anti-tumor treatment response. In this context, immunotherapy targeting the PD1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 axis has experienced rapid growth, but only 20% of patients will benefit from this treatment in lung cancer. Beyond the density of immune cells, the mutual influence of immune cells probably affects their anti-tumor functions, thus this factor must be taken into account in the analysis of tumors. This would explain the discrepancies observed between the density of a cell subtype, the expected survival and the observed survival. The team's work has shown the presence of cellular proximities between different immune cells in the tumor stroma. In this work, we determined the impact of these contacts and the cellular mechanisms involved. We quantified, by multiplex immunohistochemistry, the spatial interactions between CD8+ T lymphocytes, FoxP3+ T lymphocytes and CD66b+ neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of 3 cohorts of patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC ), treated or not by immunotherapy, radiotherapy and their prognostic and predictive impacts of response to treatment. We completed our study using flow cytometry, gene expression and spatial proteomic and transcriptomic. A Normalized Interaction Index (IND) was calculated to normalize the density of interactions between 2 cell types according to their respective densities. We have shown the prognostic impact of IND, particularly IND CD66b-FoxP3, on overall survival. By flow cytometry, we observed a decrease in the expression of immune checkpoints CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3 and an increase in the expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T lymphocytes, but not on CD4+ T lymphocytes when IND is high. An analysis of gene expression in the tumor microenvironment showed that IND was related to an immunosuppressive tumor environment, with decreased expression of genes involved in immune cell activation and differentiation, and overexpression of genes from the epithelial side of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We confirmed these results by Digital Spatial Profiling by analyzing the expression of immunity proteins at the paucicellular level. We observed an increase in the expression of co-stimulatory and activation proteins on CD8+ T cells in interaction regions, compared to the “free” CD8-enriched regions. The use of an online database of spatial transcriptomic at cellular scale (CosMx) made it possible to confirm the regulation of immune functions in cellular interactions compared to cells “free” of interaction. These cellular interactions influence the response to conventional therapies, notably IND CD66b-FoxP3, but do not seem to modify the efficacy of immunotherapy. Taken together, these results suggest that interactions between neutrophils and FoxP3+ T cells promote CD8+ T cell activation and an effective anti-tumor response, highlighting the complexity of anti-tumor immunity, its organization and the presence of cellular interactions
Ranson, Thomas. "Homéostasie des lymphocytes de l'immunité innée chez la souris." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077150.
Deknuydt, Florence. "L'il-17 : polarisation innée et adaptative." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=0a95bdaa-9fdf-4d66-bc51-42db3353fd4d.
During my PhD, I characterized the cells producing the pro-inflammatory cytokine: IL-17. These cells seem to be implicated in autoimmune diseases and some bacterial infections. In these pathologies, the immune system plays an important role and particularly two cell subsets: Treg and γδ T cells. During a first period, I investigated these cells in uninfected PBMCs. During this work I demonstrated the capacity of Treg to polarise into Th17. I also demonstrated that Treg could produce IL-17 when they are activated via the TCR combined with IL-1 and IL-2. Moreover when these cells produce IL-17 they loose the expression of Foxp3 and their suppressive capacity. During a second period, I studied this cytokine in a pathologic context: human tuberculosis. To develop this project, I used an in vitro granuloma model developed by F. Altare’s team. During this work, I demonstrated the presence of IL-17 within characteristic structure of human tuberculosis: the granuloma. This cytokine is present in vitro and in sample biopsies of human granuloma. Moreover, within granuloma, γδ T cells have the best capacity to polarise. In Humans, the γδ T cells are composed of two subset: δ1 and δ2. The δ2 cells are mainly found within epithelia, whereas δ1 are mainly circulating. During my study, I could demonstrate that δ1 cells are the only cells to be able to produce IL-17 within human granulomas. This production is only displayed in late stage of granuloma. A relationship seems to exist between IL-17, δ1 and the necrosis present in the middle of granuloma, because these cells are present only in necrotic biopsies thus strongly suggesting a direct role of δ1-induced IL-17 in necrosis induction
Simoni, Yannick. "L’immunité innée dans le diabète sucré." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T074/document.
The type 1 diabetes ( T1D ) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of β cells in the pancreas by autoreactive T lymphocytes. During my thesis, we are interested in the role of cells of innate immunity in T1D using a mouse model of the disease: NOD mice. In contrast to cells of the adaptive system (T and B lymphocytes ) cells of innate immunity is the first line of defense of the body during infection . This population consists of neutrophils , among other , plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDC ) , macrophages , T lymphocytes but not conventional B as iNKT cells and B -1a.Previously, our laboratory has highlighted the role of iNKT cells in the development of T1D . During the first part of my thesis , we demonstrated that iNKT17 cells, a subpopulation of iNKT cells, have a deleterious role in T1D in NOD mice . These cells infiltrate the pancreas and there produce IL -17 , a proinflammatory cytokine. Through transfer experiments , we demonstrated that lymphocytes iNKT17 exacerbate disease through the production of IL-17 . In the second part of my thesis , we investigated the mechanisms that induce the activation of autoreactive T lymphocytes. We observed in NOD mice , the physiological death of β cells leads to activation of innate immunity cells : neutrophils, lymphocytes B- 1a and pDCs . The cooperation between these cells leads to activation of pDC that produce IFNa . This cytokine activates autoreactive T cells which will destroy the β cells of the pancreas. Our results show that innate immunity is an important player in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus