Academic literature on the topic 'Lymph node targeting'

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Journal articles on the topic "Lymph node targeting"

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Hu, Junqing, Jinhao Xu, Mingyue Li, Yanping Zhang, Huaiqiang Yi, Jiangning Chen, Lei Dong, Junfeng Zhang, and Zhen Huang. "Targeting Lymph Node Sinus Macrophages to Inhibit Lymph Node Metastasis." Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 16 (June 2019): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.016.

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Kim, Jihoon, Paul A. Archer, and Susan N. Thomas. "Innovations in lymph node targeting nanocarriers." Seminars in Immunology 56 (August 2021): 101534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2021.101534.

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Wang, Qiu, Zhe Wang, Xinxin Sun, Qikun Jiang, Bingjun Sun, Zhonggui He, Shenwu Zhang, Cong Luo, and Jin Sun. "Lymph node-targeting nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy." Journal of Controlled Release 351 (November 2022): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.015.

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Pfister, David, Matthias Schmidt, Friederike Haidl, Daniel Porres-Knoblauch, Alexander Drzezga, and Axel Heidenreich. "Is there an additional benefit of Tc-99m-PSMA-guided gamma probe use for salvage lymph node dissection in recurrent prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2017): e591-e591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.e591.

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e591 Background: PSMA-PET/CT is the most sensitive diagnostic tool in biochemical recurrent prostate cancer to detect minimal metastatic disease. However, it may be difficult to localize small PSMA-positive lymph nodes intraoperatively. Therefore, it was the aim to investigate whether preoperative Tc-99m-PSMA targeting may improve intraoperative tumor localization by use of a gamma probe. Methods: In 13 Patients Ga-68-PSMA-PET/CT identified iliac lymph nodes in patients suitable for salvage lymph node dissection. On the day before operation a mean activity of 480 MBq Tc-99m-PSMA was injected and gamma camera scintigraphy + SPECT was performed 4-5 hours after tracer application. About 24 hours after tracer application a salvage lymph node dissection was performed on the side of initial suspicious lymph node metastases. Sensitivity, specifity, pos and neg. predictive values were calulated for PSMA-PET/CT and gamma probe use to analyse the additional use. Results: In 9 / 13 patients PSMA-positive metastatic lymph nodes were identified in Ga-68 PSMA-PET/CT. A total of 156 lymph nodes were removed with 14 lymph nodes in 9 patients being positive in histopathologic examination. Sensitivity, specifity, pos and neg. predictive values for PSMA PET/CT and gamma probe were 85% and 79%, 99% and 100%, 85% and 100% and 99% and 98% respectively. In one patient only gamma probe use identified a pathologic lymph node. Conclusions: Gamma probe guided salvage lymph node dissection in PSA recurrent prostate cancer is feasible and had a high concordance with PSMA-PET/CT. However, the additional diagnostic benefit is limited compared to PSMA-PET/CT because in only one patient (7%) a positive lymph node could be identified with the use of the gamma probe outside the standard operative area in salvage lymph node dissection.
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Jiang, Hao, Qin Wang, and Xun Sun. "Lymph node targeting strategies to improve vaccination efficacy." Journal of Controlled Release 267 (December 2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.009.

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Sun, In-Cheol, SeongHoon Jo, Diego Dumani, Wan Su Yun, Hong Yeol Yoon, Dong-Kwon Lim, Cheol-Hee Ahn, Stanislav Emelianov, and Kwangmeyung Kim. "Theragnostic Glycol Chitosan-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging of Regional Lymph Nodes and Delivering Tumor Antigen to Lymph Nodes." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071700.

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Lymph node mapping is important in cancer immunotherapy because the morphology of lymph nodes is one of the crucial evaluation criteria of immune responses. We developed new theragnostic glycol-chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles (GC-AuNPs), which highlighted lymph nodes in ultrasound-guided photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging. Moreover, the ovalbumin epitope was conjugated GC-AuNPs (OVA-GC-AuNPs) for delivering tumor antigen to lymph node resident macrophage. In vitro studies proved the vigorous endocytosis activity of J774A.1 macrophage and consequent strong photoacoustic signals from them. The macrophages also presented a tumor antigen when OVA-GC-AuNPs were used for cellular uptake. After the lingual injection of GC-AuNPs into healthy mice, cervical lymph nodes were visible in a US/PA imaging system with high contrast. Three-dimensional analysis of lymph nodes revealed that the accumulation of GC-AuNPs in the lymph node increased as the post-injection time passed. Histological analysis showed GC-AuNPs or OVA-GC-AuNPs located in subcapsular and medullar sinuses where macrophages are abundant. Our new theragnostic GC-AuNPs present a superior performance in US/PA imaging of lymph nodes without targeting moieties or complex surface modification. Simultaneously, GC-AuNPs were able to deliver tumor antigens to cause macrophages to present the OVA epitope at targeted lymph nodes, which would be valuable for cancer immunotherapy.
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MacDonald, Gene H., and Robert E. Johnston. "Role of Dendritic Cell Targeting in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis." Journal of Virology 74, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.2.914-922.2000.

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ABSTRACT The initial steps of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) spread from inoculation in the skin to the draining lymph node have been characterized. By using green fluorescent protein and immunocytochemistry, dendritic cells in the draining lymph node were determined to be the primary target of VEE infection in the first 48 h following inoculation. VEE viral replicon particles, which can undergo only one round of infection, identified Langerhans cells to be the initial set of cells infected by VEE directly following inoculation. These cells are resident dendritic cells in the skin, which migrate to the draining lymph node following activation. A point mutation in the E2 glycoprotein gene of VEE that renders the virus avirulent and compromises its ability to spread beyond the draining lymph blocked the appearance of virally infected dendritic cells in the lymph node in vivo. A second-site suppressor mutation that restores viral spread to lymphoid tissues and partially restore virulence likewise restored the ability of VEE to infect dendritic cells in vivo.
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Xi, Xiaobo, Lijun Zhang, Guihong Lu, Xiaoyong Gao, Wei Wei, and Guanghui Ma. "Lymph Node-Targeting Nanovaccine through Antigen-CpG Self-Assembly Potentiates Cytotoxic T Cell Activation." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (June 19, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3714960.

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Therapeutic vaccines that arouse the cytotoxic T cell immune response to reject infected cells have been investigated extensively for treating disease. Due to the large amounts of resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells in lymph nodes, great efforts have been made to explore the strategy of targeting lymph nodes directly with nanovaccines to activate T cells. However, these nanovaccines still have several problems, such as a low loading efficiency and compromised activity of antigens and adjuvants derived from traditional complicated preparation. There are also safety concerns about materials synthesized without FDA approval. Herein, we construct an assembled nanoparticle composed of an antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) and adjuvant (CpG) to ensure its safety and high loading efficiency. The activity of both components was well preserved due to the mild self-assembly process. The small size, narrow distribution, negative charge, and good stability of the nanoparticle endow these nanovaccines with superior capacity for lymph node targeting. Correspondingly, the accumulation at lymph nodes can be improved by 10-fold. Subsequently, due to the sufficient APC internalization and maturation in lymph nodes, ~60% of T cells are stimulated to proliferate and over 70% of target cells are specifically killed. Based on the effective and quick cellular immune response, the assembled nanoparticles exhibit great potential as therapeutic vaccines.
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Chu, Maoquan, Shu Zhuo, Jiang Xu, Qiunan Sheng, Shengke Hou, and Ruifei Wang. "Liposome-coated quantum dots targeting the sentinel lymph node." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 12, no. 1 (February 15, 2009): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9593-2.

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Grote, Thomas, Amy H. Hughes, Cathy C. Rimmer, Dale A. Less, and Amy P. Abernethy. "Targeting Lymph Node Retrieval and Assessment in Stage II Colon Cancer: A Quality Outcome Community-Based Cancer Center Study." Journal of Oncology Practice 4, no. 2 (March 2008): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.0822001.

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Purpose Adequate lymph node evaluation is required for the proper staging of colon cancer. The current recommended number of lymph nodes that should be retrieved and assessed is 12. Methods The multidisciplinary Gastrointestinal Tumor Board at the Derrick L. Davis Forsyth Regional Cancer Center reviewed and recommended that a minimum of 12 lymph nodes be examined in all cases of colon cancer to ensure proper staging. This recommendation occurred at the end of the first quarter of 2005. To ensure this new standard was being followed, an outcomes study looking at the number of lymph nodes evaluated in stage II colon cancer was initiated. All patients with stage II colon cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2006 were reviewed. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in the number of stage II colon cancer patients with 12 or more lymph nodes evaluated. Before the Gastrointestinal Tumor Board's recommendation, 49% (40 out of 82 patients) had 12 or more lymph nodes sampled. The median number of lymph nodes evaluated was 11. After the Gastrointestinal Tumor Board's recommendation, 79% (70 out of 88 patients) had 12 or more lymph nodes sampled. The median number of lymph nodes was 16. Conclusion Multidisciplinary tumor boards can impact the quality of care of patients as demonstrated in this study. Although we do not yet have survival data on these patients, based on the previous literature referenced in this article, we would expect to see an improvement in survival rates in patients with 12 or more nodes retrieved and assessed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lymph node targeting"

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Quaillet, Marion. "Nanoformulation d'une molécule antirétrovirale pour le ciblage des réservoirs du VIH-1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS472.

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Bien que les multithérapies aient révolutionné le traitement de l'infection VIH, ces traitements échouent aujourd'hui encore à éradiquer le virus de l'organisme. En cause, la faible accessibilité des antirétroviraux à certains tissus, notamment lymphoïdes, empêche l'élimination du virus dans ces réservoirs de l'infection. C’est actuellement un des principaux freins aux interruptions thérapeutiques, avec pour conséquence des traitements à vie pour les patients. Or les traitements actuels sont particulièrement contraignants pour le patient avec des prises multiples et quotidiennes d’antirétroviraux, ce qui limite leurs observances et leur qualité de vie.Au cours de cette thèse, des nanogels à base de chitosane ont été conçus et évalués au niveau cellulaire pour l’administration de l'enfuvirtide, un inhibiteur de fusion. La délivrance cellulaire de l'enfuvirtide a été modulée par les propriétés physico-chimiques des nanogels. Les nanogels ont également permis de maintenir l'activité antivirale de l'enfuvirtide sur les cellules infectées par le VIH. Quant aux études in vivo, elles ont montré le potentiel des nanogels pour cibler les ganglions lymphatiques, par voie sous-cutanée. De plus, les nanogels ont été incorporés dans un implant biodégradable à formation in situ. Après injection sous-cutanée, ces implants ont montré une libération prolongée sur plusieurs jours des nanogels
Although highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) have significantly improved the HIV infection treatment, important hurdles remain towards an HIV cure. Due to their low bioavailability, penetration and/or residence time, antiretrovirals have restricted access to tissue compartments such as lymphoid tissue and latent HIV reservoirs. Reservoirs prevent the eradication of the virus and result in a lifelong treatment for HIV infected patients. Currently, compliance and the patient quality of life are limited by dose frequency.During this thesis, chitosan-based nanogels are developed and evaluated for the enfuvirtide delivery, an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide. The cellular distribution of enfuvirtide delivered as nanogels show the combined effect of physicochemical properties in terms of particle size and surface charge. Nanogels also maintain the antiviral activity of enfuvirtide on HIV-infected cells. In vivo studies, after subcutaneous administration in mice, demonstrate the ability of nanogels to target lymph nodes. Furthermore, nanogels were incorporated in an in situ forming implant. After subcutaneous injection, the implant allows gradual release of nanogels over several days
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Stoffel, Nicholas J. "Lymph node and peri-lymph node stroma : phenotype and interaction with T-cells." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4662.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The non-hematopoietic, stationary stromal cells located inside and surrounding skin-draining lymph nodes play a key role in regulating immune responses. We studied distinct populations of lymph node stromal cells from both human subjects and animal models in order to describe their phenotype and function. In the mouse model, we studied two distinct populations: an endothelial cell population expressing Ly51 and MHC-II, and an epithelial cell population expressing the epithelial adhesion molecule EpCAM. Analysis of intra-nodal and extra-nodal lymph node (CD45-) stromal cells through flow cytometry and qPCR provides a general phenotypic profile of the distinct populations. My research focused on the EpCAM+ epithelial cell population located in the fat pad surrounding the skin draining lymph nodes. The EpCAM+ population has been characterized by surface marker phenotype, anatomic location, and gene expression profile. This population demonstrates the ability to inhibit the activation and proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. This population may play a role in suppressing overactive inflammation and auto-reactive T cells that escaped thymic deletion. The other major arm of my project consisted of identifying a novel endothelial cell population in human lymph nodes. Freshly resected lymph nodes were processed into single cell suspensions and selected for non-hematopoietic CD45- stromal cells. The unique endothelial population expressing CD34 HLA-DR was then characterized and analyzed for anatomic position, surface marker expression, and gene profiles. Overall, these studies emphasize the importance of stationary lymph node stromal cells to our functioning immune systems, and may have clinical relevance to autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and bone marrow transplantation.
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Book chapters on the topic "Lymph node targeting"

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Hanson, Melissa C., and Darrell J. Irvine. "Synthesis of Lymph Node-Targeting Adjuvants." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 145–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_10.

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Hirnle, P., and W. Erz. "Local Chemotherapy of Lymph Node Metastases: Optimization of Targeting Accuracy." In Vaccines, 123–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0357-2_12.

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Pareta, Rajesh A. "Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: Toxicology and Lymph Node Targeting for Cancer Metastasis Prevention." In Safety of Nanoparticles, 189–208. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78608-7_9.

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Akamo, Yoshimi, Isamu Mizuno, Toshihisa Yotsuyanagi, Tatsuo Ichino, Noritaka Tanimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Tamotsu Yasui, Mariko Nagata, Nagao Shinagawa, and Jiro Yura. "Lymph Node — Targeting Delivery of Adriamycin by Liposomal Administration into Gastric Submucosa in Rabbits." In Recent Advances in Management of Digestive Cancers, 360–62. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68252-3_95.

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Du, Guangsheng, and Xun Sun. "Lymph node targeting for improved potency of cancer vaccine." In Biomaterials for Cancer Therapeutics, 527–48. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102983-1.00019-3.

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Thompson, John F., Richard A. Scolyer, and Richard F. Kefford. "Skin cancer: melanoma." In Oxford Textbook of Oncology, 674–89. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0049.

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The development of cutaneous melanoma is attributed mainly to UV-induced DNA damage producing genetic mutations that make melanocytes capable of invasion and metastasis. Early diagnosis and surgical excision are the key to successful treatment. Breslow thickness, ulceration and mitotic rate are the most important prognostic factors. Histological examination of the ‘sentinel’ lymph node indicates prognosis with even greater accuracy, and is now routinely recommended for patients with melanomas ≥1.0 mm in Breslow thickness. Early complete regional node clearance in sentinel node-positive patients may improve melanoma-specific survival. Clinically involved nodes are best treated by surgery, as are isolated systemic metastases. However, new systemic therapies are achieving good short- to-medium term systemic disease control; these include BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immune check-point regulators (e.g. CTLA-4 inhibitors and agents targeting PD-1 and PDL-1). Radiotherapy, regional chemotherapy, topical therapies and intralesional therapies may also be effective in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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"Optimization Strategies in Lymph Node Targeting of Interstitially Injected Immunoglobulin G-Bearing Liposomes." In Liposome Technology, 863–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420005875-56.

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"Optimization Strategies in Lymph Node Targeting of Interstitially Injected Immunoglobulin G–Bearing Liposomes." In Liposome Technology, 91–104. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849397288-8.

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"Targeting of Liposomes to Lymph Nodes." In Liposome Technology, 1029–50. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420005875-65.

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"Targeting of Liposomes to Lymph Nodes." In Liposome Technology, 257–78. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849397288-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lymph node targeting"

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James, Jeemol, Despoina Kantere, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Jonas Enger, Ann-Marie Wennberg, and Marica B. Ericson. "Multiphoton Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Targeting Lymph Node Metastasis." In Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/microscopy.2020.mw4a.6.

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Thomas, Susan N. "Targeting the Tumor-Draining Lymph Node With Adjuvant Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14531.

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Immunotherapy-based approaches for cancer treatment are of increasing clinical interest. Principles of drug delivery and the emerging field of material design for immunomodulation might hold significant promise for novel approaches in cancer immunotherapy since biomaterials engineering strategies enable enhanced delivery of immune modulatory agents to tissues and cells of the immune system1. One tissue of significant clinical interest in a cancer setting is the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN), which participates in cancer progression by enabling both metastatic dissemination as well as tumor-induced immune escape. Hence, the TDLN represents a novel target for drug delivery schemes for cancer immunotherapy. We hypothesize that targeted delivery of adjuvants (Adjs) to the TDLN using a biomaterials-based approach might promote antitumor immunity and hinder tumor growth.
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Nakagawa, Takayuki, Motoyasu Onishi, Soichi Tofukuji, Shinya Omoto, Kazufumi Katayama, Akira Kugimiya, Morio Nagira, and Ken J. Ishii. "Abstract 1916: Lymph node targeting double stranded CpG act effective adjuvant in cancer peptide vaccine." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1916.

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Pérez-Moreno, Elisa, Valentina Zavala, Gabriela Valarezo, Wanda Fernández, and Pilar Carvallo. "Abstract 2013: microRNAs targeting EMT transcription factors in breast cancer and their relation to lymph node metastasis." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2013.

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Pérez-Moreno, Elisa, Gabriela Valarezo, Valentina Zavala, Wanda Fernández, and Pilar Carvallo. "Abstract 5810: microRNAs targeting EMT transcription factors may be associated to lymph node metastasis in breast cancer tumors." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5810.

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Dammeijer, Floris F., Mandy van Gulijk, Melanie M. Lukkes, Menno van Nimwegen, Rudi W. Hendriks, Thorbald T. van Hall, Heleen H. Vroman, and Joachim J. G. J. V. Aerts. "Abstract A164: Specifically targeting PD-L1 in the tumor-draining lymph node unmasks its spatiotemporal role in perturbing antitumor immunity and survival." In Abstracts: Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 30 - October 3, 2018; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a164.

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Hori, Naoto, Satoru Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Shinji Kuroda, Shunsuke Kagawa, Yasuo Urata, Robert M. Hoffman, and Toshiyoshi Fujiwara. "Abstract 4025: Combination strategy of endoscopic resection and telomerase-targeting oncolytic virus for eradicating lymph node metastasis of submucosal invasive colorectal cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4025.

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Valic, Michael S., Mark Zheng, Lili Ding, Michelle Lai, Chris J. Zhang, Tina Ye, Jenny Ma, et al. "Abstract 307: Lymph node accumulation of theranostic lipid-based nanoparticles in healthy and diseased models: Preliminary results comparing nanoparticle morphology and targeting." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-307.

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Dash, S., A. Goel, and S. Sogani. "Incremental Role of 18F-FDG PET with contrast enhanced CT (PET-CECT) in detection of recurrence of carcinoma cervix." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685260.

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Purpose: To evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET with contrast enhanced CT (PET-CECT) in early detection of recurrence in follow up patients of carcinoma cervix. Methods: Patients with histopathologically proven carcinoma cervix who underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or surgery and on follow up were recruited in the study. Fifty-two patients underwent 18F-FDG PET-CECT for detection of recurrence. The median age was 51.5 (average = 53.4) years. PET-CECT studies were evaluated and analyzed separately by an experienced nuclear medicine physician and a radiologist independently. The physicians were blinded for the patient history. PET-CECT results were validated with histopathological correlation, conventional radiologic imaging/follow up PET-CECT study and clinical follow up. Results: Out of 52 patients, 34 patients were reported as positive for recurrence, 17 of these were having active local recurrence and 31 patients had regional lymph nodal metastases, 14 patients had distant metastases (out of them 6 patients had distant lymph node metastases, 6 had pulmonary metastases, 4 had skeletal metastases and two had liver metastases). Remaining 18 patients were reported as negative for recurrence. The lung was the most common site for distant metastasis. Patient were then further evaluated based on histopathological correlation, conventional radiologic imaging and follow up PET-CECT scan and five were found to be false positive and one patient was identified as false negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were derived to be 96.7%, 77.3%, 85.3% and 94.4%, respectively. Accuracy was calculated to be 88.5%. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET-CECT is a very useful non-invasive modality for the early detection of recurrence and metastatic workup in patients with carcinoma cervix with a very high sensitivity and negative predictive value. It is also useful in targeting biopsy sites in suspected cases of recurrence.
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Nakanishi, Hayao, Masayasu Hara, Yuzuru Ikehara, and Masae Tatematsu. "Noninvasive and real-time monitoring of molecular targeting therapy for lymph node and peritoneal metastasis in nude mice bearing xenografts of human colorectal cancer cells tagged with GFP and DsRed." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2007, edited by Samuel Achilefu, Darryl J. Bornhop, Ramesh Raghavachari, Alexander P. Savitsky, and Rebekka M. Wachter. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.714469.

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