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Journal articles on the topic 'Lycaon pictus'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Bucci, Melanie E., Kerry L. Nicholson, and Paul R. Krausman. "Lycaon pictus (Carnivora: Canidae)." Mammalian Species 54, no. 1017 (April 1, 2022): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seac002.

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Abstract Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820), the African wild dog, is a moderately sized carnivore with dog-like appearance and irregularly mottled black, yellow-brown, and white pelage. It has a head–body length of 76–112 cm, tail length of 30–41 cm, shoulder height of 61–78 cm, and body weight of 17–36 kg. Lycaon pictus has four toes on each foot, differentiating it from other canids; is the only extant species within the genus with no subspecies; and is unlikely to be confused with any other canid. Lycaon pictus was once widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa inhabiting nearly all environments and now inhabits grasslands, montane savanna, and open woodlands. Lycaon pictus is recognized as “Endangered” (EN) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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2

Hartstone-Rose, Adam, Lars Werdelin, Darryl J. De Ruiter, Lee R. Berger, and Steven E. Churchill. "The Plio-Pleistocene ancestor of wild dogs, Lycaon sekowei n. sp." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 2 (March 2010): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-124.1.

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African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) occupy an ecological niche characterized by hypercarnivory and cursorial hunting. Previous interpretations drawn from a limited, mostly Eurasian fossil record suggest that the evolutionary shift to cursorial hunting preceded the emergence of hypercarnivory in the Lycaon lineage. Here we describe 1.9—1.0 ma fossils from two South African sites representing a putative ancestor of the wild dog. the holotype is a nearly complete maxilla from Coopers Cave, and another specimen tentatively assigned to the new taxon, from Gladysvale, is the most nearly complete mammalian skeleton ever described from the Sterkfontein Valley, Gauteng, South Africa. the canid represented by these fossils is larger and more robust than are any of the other fossil or extant sub-Saharan canids. Unlike other purported L. pictus ancestors, it has distinct accessory cusps on its premolars and anterior accessory cuspids on its lower premolars—a trait unique to Lycaon among living canids. However, another hallmark autapomorphy of L. pictus, the tetradactyl manus, is not found in the new species; the Gladysvale skeleton includes a large first metacarpal. Thus, the anatomy of this new early member of the Lycaon branch suggests that, contrary to previous hypotheses, dietary specialization appears to have preceded cursorial hunting in the evolution of the Lycaon lineage. We assign these specimens to the taxon Lycaon sekowei n. sp.

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3

McNutt, J. Weldon. "Adoption in African wild dogs,Lycaon pictus." Journal of Zoology 240, no. 1 (September 1996): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05493.x.

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4

Smith, Heather F., Brent Adrian, Rahul Koshy, Ryan Alwiel, and Aryeh Grossman. "Adaptations to cursoriality and digit reduction in the forelimb of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." PeerJ 8 (September 7, 2020): e9866. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9866.

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Background The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), an endangered canid native to southern and eastern Africa, is distinct among canids in being described as entirely tetradactyl and in its nomadic lifestyle and use of exhaustive predation to capture its prey instead of speed, strength, or stealth. These behavioral and morphological traits suggest a potentially unique set of adaptations. Methods Here, we dissected the forelimbs of an adult male L. pictus specimen and performed detailed descriptions and quantitative analyses of the musculoskeletal anatomy. Results Statistical comparisons of muscle masses and volumes revealed that L. pictus has relatively smaller wrist rotators (mm. pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator) than any other included carnivoran taxon, suggesting adaptive pressures for antebrachial stability over rotatory movement in the carpus of L. pictus. While a complete digit I is absent in L. pictus, a vestigial first metacarpal was discovered, resulting in changes to insertions of mm. extensor digiti I et II, abductor (et opponens) digiti I and flexor digiti I brevis. Mm. anconeus, brachialis and flexor carpi ulnaris caput ulnare all have more extensive origins in L. pictus than other canids suggesting an emphasis on posture and elbow stability. M. triceps brachii caput laterale has a larger origin in L. pictus and m. triceps brachii caput longum has an additional accessory head. Electromyographic studies have shown this muscle is active during the stance phase of trotting and galloping and is important for storing elastic energy during locomotion. We interpret these differences in size and attachments of muscles in L. pictus as adaptations for long distance running in this highly cursorial species, likely important for exhaustive predation. Absence of a full digit I in L. pictus may increase speed and stride length; however, the retention of a vestigial digit permits the attachment of reduced pollical muscles which may provide additional stability and proprioception to the carpus.

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5

Brandstätter, Frank. "Picasso-Hund – ein neuer Name für Lycaon pictus?" Der Zoologische Garten 80, no. 6 (January 2011): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zoolgart.2011.10.001.

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6

Stevenson-Hamilton, Major J. "The Coloration of the African Hunting Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 84, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1914.tb07044.x.

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7

Dathe, Heinrich. "HAND-REARING OF A CAPE HUNTING DOG(Lycaon pictus)." International Zoo Yearbook 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1963.tb03685.x.

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8

Cho, H. S., and N. Y. Park. "Endometrial Polyp in an African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 53, no. 9 (November 2006): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00873.x.

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9

Woodroffe, Rosie, Kayna Chapman, and Evans Lemusana. "Solitary breeding in an African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." African Journal of Ecology 47, no. 4 (December 2009): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00979.x.

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10

McCreery, E. Kim, and Robert Robbins. "PROXIMATE EXPLANATIONS FOR FAILED PACK FORMATION IN LYCAON PICTUS." Behaviour 138, no. 11-12 (2001): 1467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853901317367708.

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AbstractAmong the most social of all canids, the endangered African wild dog lives in packs in which the alpha pair typically monopolizes breeding while nonreproductive members help care for the offspring. Consequently, the size of the breeding population is directly related to the number of packs in the population. Although the formation of new packs affects both individual fitness and population dynamics, little is known about the process of pack formation and the proximate factors that influence the outcome. In this paper, seven cases of attempted pack formation are documented, of which four failed. Three possible explanations for pack annulment are considered: group size, mate competition, and mate choice (i.e. group compatibility). Our observations suggest that group compatibility can influence whether stable reproductive units form. The influence of individual behavior, via the process of pack formation, on population dynamics is discussed. The potential conservation application of the theoretical study of wild dog pack formation is highlighted.

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11

McNUTT, J. WELDON. "Sex-biased dispersal in African wild dogs,Lycaon pictus." Animal Behaviour 52, no. 6 (December 1996): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0254.

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12

Ake, Kanako, Tadatoshi Ogura, Yayoi Kaneko, and Gregory S. A. Rasmussen. "Automated photogrammetric method to identify individual painted dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Zoology and Ecology 29, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35513/21658005.2019.2.5.

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The painted dog, Lycaon pictus, has been visually identified by their tricolor patterns in surveys and whilst computerised recognition methods have been used in other species, they have not been used in painted dogs. This study compares results achieved from Hotspotter software against human recognition. Fifteen individual painted dogs in Yokohama Zoo, Japan were photographed using camera-traps and hand-held cameras from October 17–20, 2017. Twenty examinees identified 297 photos visually, and the same images were identified using Hotspotter. In the visual identification, mean accuracy rate was 61.20%, and a mean finish time was 4,840 seconds. At 90.57%, the accuracy rate for Hotspotter was significantly higher, with a mean finish time of 3,168 seconds. This highlights that visual photo-recognition may not be of value for untrained eyes, while software recognition can be useful for this species. For visual identification there was a significant difference in accuracy rates between hand-held cameras and camera-traps whereas for software identification there was no significant difference. This result shows that the accuracy of software identification may be unaffected by the type of photographic device. With software identification there was a significant difference with camera-trap height. This may be because the images of one camera-trap at a lower position became dark due to it being in a shadow.

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13

Edwards, Charles T. T., Gregory S. A. Rasmussen, Philip Riordan, Franck Courchamp, and David W. Macdonald. "Non-Adaptive Phenotypic Evolution of the Endangered Carnivore Lycaon pictus." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 23, 2013): e73856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073856.

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14

Frantzen, M. A. J., J. W. H. Ferguson, and M. S. de Villiers. "The conservation role of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Biological Conservation 100, no. 2 (August 2001): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00046-5.

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15

Yravedra, J., M. Andrés, and M. Domínguez-Rodrigo. "A taphonomic study of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 6, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-013-0164-1.

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16

Woodroffe, Rosie. "Demography of a recovering African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) population." Journal of Mammalogy 92, no. 2 (April 15, 2011): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-a-157.1.

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17

Van Heerden, J., N. Bainbridge, R. E. J. Burroughs, and N. P. J. Kriek. "DISTEMPER-LIKE DISEASE AND ENCEPHALITOZOONOSIS IN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25, no. 1 (January 1989): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.1.70.

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18

Robbins, Robert. "VOCAL COMMUNICATION IN FREE-RANGING AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS)." Behaviour 137, no. 10 (2000): 1271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900501926.

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19

McAloose, Denise, Matthew Raske, Robert Moore, and Carlos E. Rodriguez. "MULTILOBULAR TUMOR OF BONE IN AN AFRICAN WILD DOG (LYCAON PICTUS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 950–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2012-0068r.1.

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20

Creel, S., N. Marusha Creel, J. A. Matovelo, M. M. A. Mtambo, E. K. Batamuzi, and J. E. Cooper. "The effects of anthrax on endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Zoology 236, no. 2 (June 1995): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb04488.x.

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21

Encke, Walter. "HAND-REARING CAPE HUNTING DOGS (Lycaon pictus) AT THE KREFELD ZOO." International Zoo Yearbook 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1963.tb03686.x.

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22

Creel, Scott, and Nancy Marusha Creel. "Six ecological factors that may limit African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus." Animal Conservation 1, no. 1 (February 1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00220.x.

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23

Pole, Alistair, Iain J. Gordon, Martyn L. Gorman, and Mairi MacAskill. "Prey selection by African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in southern Zimbabwe." Journal of Zoology 262, no. 2 (February 2004): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836903004576.

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24

Johnston, S. D., D. Ward, J. Lemon, I. Gunn, C. A. MacCallum, T. Keeley, and D. Blyde. "Studies of male reproduction in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Animal Reproduction Science 100, no. 3-4 (August 2007): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.017.

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25

Creel, Scott, and Nancy Marusha Creel. "Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus." Animal Behaviour 50, no. 5 (1995): 1325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80048-4.

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26

Prager, K. C., R. Woodroffe, A. Cameron, and D. T. Haydon. "Vaccination strategies to conserve the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." Biological Conservation 144, no. 7 (July 2011): 1940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.025.

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27

Fanshawe, John H., Lory H. Frame, and Joshua R. Ginsberg. "The wild dog—Africa's vanishing carnivore." Oryx 25, no. 3 (July 1991): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034165.

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This paper presents a synopsis of the current status and distribution of the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, outlines reasons for its decline and discusses recommendations to halt or reverse this decline. A recent review of the status of the species provides evidence that it has disappeared or is in decline throughout its range (sub-Saharan Africa). Relict populations with little or no chance of long-term survival are found in several countries including Algeria and Senegal. Countries believed to contain potentially viable populations are, from north to south, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa (only the Kruger National Park).

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28

McNutt, J. Weldon, Megan N. Parker, Matthew J. Swarner, and Markus Gusset. "Adoption as a conservation tool for endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." South African Journal of Wildlife Research 38, no. 2 (October 2008): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3957/0379-4369-38.2.109.

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29

Ginsberg, J. R., K. A. Alexander, S. Creel, P. W. Kat, J. W. Mcnutt, and M. G. L. Mills. "Handling and Survivorship of African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus) in Five Ecosystems." Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (June 1995): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030665.x.

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30

Girman, D. J., P. W. Kat, M. G. L. Mills, J. R. Ginsberg, M. Borner, V. Wilson, J. H. Fanshawe, C. Fitzgibbon, L. M. Lau, and R. K. Wayne. "Molecular Genetic and Morphological Analyses of the African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Heredity 84, no. 6 (November 1993): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111371.

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31

Garrod, A. H. "Notes on the Visceral Anatomy of Lycaon pictus, and of Nyctereutes procyonides." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 46, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1878.tb07971.x.

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32

Courchamp, Franck, and David W. Macdonald. "Crucial importance of pack size in the African wild dog Lycaon pictus." Animal Conservation 4, no. 2 (May 2001): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1367943001001196.

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33

McNutt, J. Weldon, and Joan B. Silk. "Pup production, sex ratios, and survivorship in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62, no. 7 (December 18, 2007): 1061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0533-9.

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34

Woodroffe, Rosie, Peter Lindsey, Stephanie Romañach, Andrew Stein, and Symon M. K. ole Ranah. "Livestock predation by endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in northern Kenya." Biological Conservation 124, no. 2 (July 2005): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.028.

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35

Gascoyne, S. C., M. K. Laurenson, S. Lelo, and M. Borner. "RABIES IN AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS) IN THE SERENGETI REGION, TANZANIA." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29, no. 3 (July 1993): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.3.396.

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36

Kat, P. W., K. A. Alexander, J. S. Smith, J. D. Richardson, and L. Munson. "Rabies among African Wild Dogs (Lycaon Pictus) in the Masai Mara, Kenya." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8, no. 4 (October 1996): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879600800403.

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A pack of African wild dogs ( Lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the Masai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya was monitored from 1988 to 1989. During a 6-week period (August 1-September 13, 1989), 21 of 23 members of this pack died. Seven carcasses were retrieved, of which 4 were suitable for necropsy and histopathologic examination. Gross findings varied among individuals and included multiple bite wounds, synovitis, lymphadenopathy, submandibular, cervical, and vocal cord edema, blood in bronchi, bronchioles, stomach, and intestine, and anterioventral lung lobe consolidation. Histologic examination of 2 available brain samples revealed nonsuppurative encephalitis with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Negri bodies). An additional brain sample tested positive for rabies via a fluorescent antibody test. Other histologic features included severe suppurative bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, and lymphoid depletion of the lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen. A 304-base pair (bp) nucleotide sequence from the N gene and a 310-bp sequence from the G gene from rabies isolates of 4 wild dogs indicated that infection was with a rabies variant common among domestic dogs in Kenya and Tanzania.

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37

Fraser-Celin, Valli-Laurente, and Alice J. Hovorka. "Compassionate Conservation: Exploring the Lives of African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Botswana." Animals 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9010016.

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This paper argues for a more compassionate conservation by positioning animals as subjects in research and scholarship. Compassionate conservation is a multidisciplinary field of study that broadly attends to the ethical dimensions of conservation by merging conservation biology and animal welfare science. However, animal geography is rarely discussed in the compassionate conservation scholarship despite sharing similar tenets. This paper argues that responsible anthropomorphism and animal geography concepts of animal subjectivity (lived experiences) and agency (capacity to act) positions African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) as subjects in conservation research and scholarship. It merges biological research, public communication, and interview and participant observation data to present wild dogs as thinking, feeling, self-conscious animals with agency, and whose welfare is negatively affected in human-dominated landscapes in Botswana. This paper argues for more attention to be paid to animal subjectivity and agency to foster more compassionate relations with wildlife. It argues that positioning animals as subjects in research and scholarship is an ethical starting point for moving compassionate conservation forward. This ‘enriched’ scholarly approach moves us closer to appreciating the lives of wildlife and the complexity of their circumstances and experiences.

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38

Jankowski, Gwen, Michael J. Adkesson, Jennifer N. Langan, Samantha Haskins, and Jamie Landolfi. "Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia and Pyometra in Three Captive African Hunting Dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43, no. 1 (March 2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2010-0222.1.

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39

Connolly, Maren, Patrick Thomas, Rosie Woodroffe, and Bonnie L. Raphael. "SINGLE- VERSUS DOUBLE-DOSE RABIES VACCINATION IN CAPTIVE AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46, no. 4 (December 2015): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2014-0060.1.

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40

Courchamp, Franck, Tim Clutton-Brock, and Bryan Grenfell. "Multipack dynamics and the Allee effect in the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus." Animal Conservation 3, no. 4 (November 2000): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2000.tb00113.x.

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41

Creel, S., N. Marusha Creel, and S. L. Monfort. "Birth order, estrogens and sex-ratio adaptation in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Animal Reproduction Science 53, no. 1-4 (October 1998): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00121-3.

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42

Vahala, J., F. Kasˇe, and J. Pospísˇil. "The development of blood picture parameters in the cape hunting dog (Lycaon pictus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 99, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(91)90230-a.

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43

Woodroffe, Rosie, Peter A. Lindsey, Stephanie S. Romañach, and Symon M. K. ole Ranah. "African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) Can Subsist on Small Prey: Implications for Conservation." Journal of Mammalogy 88, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-405r1.1.

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44

Jordan, Neil R., Krystyna A. Golabek, Peter J. Apps, Geoffrey D. Gilfillan, and John W. McNutt. "Scent-Mark Identification and Scent-Marking Behaviour in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Ethology 119, no. 8 (June 21, 2013): 644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12105.

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45

Kamler, Jan F., Harriet T. Davies‐Mostert, Luke Hunter, and David W. Macdonald. "Predation on black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) by African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." African Journal of Ecology 45, no. 4 (March 14, 2007): 667–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00768.x.

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46

Bouley, Paola, Antonio Paulo, Mercia Angela, Cole Du Plessis, and David G. Marneweck. "The successful reintroduction of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) to Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0249860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249860.

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Large carnivores have experienced widespread extirpation and species are now threatened globally. The ecological impact of the loss of large carnivores has been prominent in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, after most were extirpated during the 1977–92 civil war. To remedy this, reintroductions are now being implemented in Gorongosa, initiating with endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), hereafter ‘wild dogs’. We describe the first transboundary translocation and reintroduction of founding packs of wild dogs to Gorongosa over a 28-month study period and evaluate the success of the reintroduction based on five key indicator categories. We also assess how wild dog space use and diet influenced their success. We found that pre-release, artificial pack formation in holding enclosures aided group cohesion and alpha pair establishment. Post-release, we also observed natural pack formations as a result of multiple dispersal events. Founder and naturally formed packs produced pups in two of the three breeding seasons and packs successfully recruited pups. Survival rate for all wild dogs was 73% and all mortality events were from natural causes. Consequently, the population grew significantly over the study period. All indicators of success were fully achieved and this study documents the first successful reintroduction of wild dogs into a large, unfenced landscape in Mozambique and only the second on the continent. Potential mechanisms underlying these early successes were the avoidance of habitats intensively used by lions, dietary partitioning with lion, avoidance of human settlements, and Gorongosa’s management strategy. We predict further population expansion in Gorongosa given that 68% of the park is still unused by wild dogs. This expansion could be stimulated by continued reintroductions over the short- to medium-term. Recovery of wild dogs in Gorongosa could aid in the re-establishment of a larger, connected population across the greater Gorongosa-Marromeu landscape.

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47

Ward, David G., David Blyde, John Lemon, and Steve Johnston. "ANESTHESIA OF CAPTIVE AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS) USING A MEDETOMIDINE–KETAMINE–ATROPINE COMBINATION." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 37, no. 2 (June 2006): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/05-037.1.

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48

Newell-Fugate, Annie, and Emily Lane. "Intrapartum Uterine Rupture with Coincidental Uterine Adenomyosis in an African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 40, no. 4 (December 2009): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2008-0160.1.

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49

Van den Berghe, Femke, Monique C. J. Paris, Zoltan Sarnyai, Michael B. Briggs, Robert P. Millar, Andre Ganswindt, and Damien B. B. P. Paris. "Social rank does not affect sperm quality in male African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 5 (2019): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18205.

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Sperm banking and AI could benefit endangered African wild dog conservation. However, it is unclear whether their dominance hierarchy causes a decrease in reproductive and sperm quality parameters in subordinate males that typically do not breed. In this study, we investigated the effect of social rank on male reproductive parameters, including faecal androgen and glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations, prostate and testes volume, preputial gland size, semen collection success and sperm quality. Samples were obtained from captive males (prebreeding season: n=12 from four packs; breeding season: n=24 from seven packs) that were classified as alpha (dominant), beta or gamma (subordinates) based on the frequency of dominant versus submissive behaviours. In the prebreeding season, semen was successfully collected from all alpha but only half the subordinate males, with urine contamination (associated with lower rank) significantly reducing total and progressive motility, sperm motility index, normal sperm morphology and acrosome integrity. The breeding season was associated with a significant increase in faecal androgens, prostate and testis volume, as well as progressive motility and the total number of spermatozoa ejaculated. However, with the exception of prostate volume (mean±s.e.m: 12.5±4.5, 7.1±1.0 and 7.3±1.0cm3 in alpha, beta and gamma males respectively; P=0.035), all other reproductive and sperm quality parameters did not differ between males of each social rank. In conclusion, reproductive suppression of subordinate males appears to be behaviourally mediated, because males of all social ranks produce semen of similar quality, making them suitable candidates for sperm banking, particularly during the breeding season when sperm quality improves.

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Hunter, Sally C., Markus Gusset, Lance J. Miller, and Michael J. Somers. "Space Use as an Indicator of Enclosure Appropriateness in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 17, no. 2 (March 25, 2014): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2014.884401.

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