Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lutte contre la criminalité – France'
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Piednoir, Julien. "La dynamique du désordre : incivilités, insécurité, inefficience, criminalité." Thèse, Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4011.
Full textObserving the difficulties of adaptation experienced by the social system and the police organ, our hypothesis is one of their inefficiency in resolving problems of incivilities (assimilating disorders). A literature review (American, Canadian, and French) and the passing of questionnaires to residents of a Montreal neighbourhood disclose at first the essential characteristics of incivilities. The gravity of the latter appears relative to its concentration and association to feelings of insecurity. Having identified the suppressive errors within the proposed definitions, in particular the existence of an analytical downturn consisting of confusing the substantial nature of incivilities and its normative of infractions assigned by the police, it is a matter of examining how they (the police) encode, value and treat these incivilities. If the incivilities constitute effectively in almost entirety fines, the penal interface, indeed the infraction, functions on an individual, unitary and repressive logic and does not allow for one to correctly apprehend the phenomenon apprised on a territorial scale. An efficient social and police response implies a re-conceptualization of incivilities as a part and a step of the criminal phenomenon which, in space and time, aggregates the acts, not so much of nature (penal and criminal) but of different degrees. Finally, notably, to counter the dynamic effect of the spiral of decay of an urban neighbourhood, the police and the social system must adopt instruments, methods and practices which contribute to the implementation of territorial, coordinated and anticipative strategies
Truglia, Giusy. "Les moyens procéduraux de lutte contre la criminalité organisée en France et en Italie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32088.
Full textFor quite a few years now, a particularly dangerous and unsettling phenomenon has been spreading and extending in various degrees throughout all the regions, and that phenomenon is organized crime. In order to check (limit) its spread and guarantee the protection of the population, a crime prevention policy has been imposed. To such an end, numerous legislative provisions have been adopted on both the national and international level. The European and international community have repeatedly intervened in the last years to fight against organized crime, beginning with the Treaty of Maastricht, the Council of Tampere, up to the recent Essay in Lisbon. These treaties have allowed for the adoption of important measures to fight against organized crime, and one should not overlook the Convention of the United Nations and the Convention of May 29, 2000 (in doing the same). Bilateral accords have been stipulated from both France and Italy to more effectively oppose this danger and social evil that threatens with infecting, if it has not already done so, the organs of modern societies (for example; Public Administration, banks (the control of which is necessary in order to recycle dirty money). France, with the approval of the Perben II Law of March 9, 2004 intended to bring up to date the tools of justice in order to make them more incisive in relationship to the evolution of criminality. Italy has done the same thing with the “safety packets” of 2009 and 2010. Furthermore, these two countries have employed many resources in order to try to reduce and limit criminality’s field of action. A fundamental role was carried out by those who collaborated with the judicial system who, by their confessions in exchange for reduced punishment, have disclosed the structure and the hierarchy of criminal associations allowing the authorities involved to better understand, individualize their affiliates (i.e. members) and, in numerous cases, to dismantle them. By contrast, a very effective measure has been and still is the confiscation of goods accumulated by (those) in organized crime (real and financial goods, that is, banking deposits, financial investments, property, land, houses) and their re-use by Public Administration for the social well-being and to the advantage of the entire community (schools, public buildings, hospitals). The forfeiture of such goods, in fact, deprives the criminal underworld the lifeblood and profits that it draws from them; it mines the structure its power, contemporaneously providing safety to the people who are often oppressed and intimidated (one needs only to think about the extortions imposed on shopkeepers, construction and agricultural enterprises) and heightens their hope of a possible liberation from the above. The struggles against criminal organizations is long and difficult, but if it is conducted with determination on more fronts, with the collaboration and the coordination of the repressive apparatuses of nations and their governments, success cannot fail
Piednoir, Julien. "La dynamique du désordre : incivilités, insécurité, inefficience, criminalité." Thèse, Nantes, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18161.
Full textGautron, Virginie. "Les politiques publiques de lutte contre la délinquance." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813174.
Full textEl, Heit Salim. "La criminalité intrafamiliale : vers un droit pénal de la famille ?" Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082976.
Full textHistory as criminology are two disciplines which proved to be particularly precious as for the description of the phenomenon of intrafamiliale crime. The historical analysis allowed us to show what was the evolution of the family crimes of the ancient Penal code of 1810 in the new Penal code of 1992. (previously particular incriminations / nowadays aggravating circumstances). The criminologique analysis allowed to put in an obvious place so many complex fundamental mechanisms as of statistical data. In this respect, they can point out that the topic of family crimes, seems to be the poor parent of French criminology. It was also opportunity, for us, to wonder about family link and about necessity to keep a limitative comprehension or in the opposite enlarged by this last. It was necessary us, as one might say, to measure the expanse of the family. Our cogitation was enriched with comparative previous, what allowed between other one, to locate our repressive system nowadays in force, in comparison with those of our European neighbours. So, we treated subject in its wholeness, by means of a non-specialized and unpublished step. Speak about the criminal law, which is the most radical means of those whom the society stipulates that it is to protect or to punish, as regards the family can seem absurd. However, this research showed us that criminal law is concerned about the protection of the family, by trying to favour its assertion and its functioning. However, we pointed out in the cause of our developments of numerous disconnectedness and imperfections. They cannot stop themselves firms near criminal, the manque of clarity and its uncertainty in relation to same liens southward and it is to wish a standardization of resolutions. Finally, four functions of the criminal law of the family were raised. On one hand, protection and prevention of family middle. On the other hand, the strengthening of family unit but also moral improvement of the family. Diversification dysfunctions were then put in an obvious place : weight of the secret of families, flood of the normal mission of criminal law on the family sphere
Durand, Philippe. "L' intégration du service de la gendarmerie nationale dans la politique de la ville." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32043.
Full textTown policies raise the fundamental question of the ability of the "gendarmerie nationale", public police force with a military status, renowned to have a rural essence, to fit in the town surroundings and ministerial partnership established by the town policies. The change of orientation in the management protocols between the "prefectorial" authority, the judicial authority, the state agent managers and the territorial superstructures created by the decentralisation induces a joint production of public safety in an extended town planning concept of public safety. This means reinforcing the territory regulation forces, which will without doubt clash with the supreme expression of the state. The integration of the "Gendarmerie nationale" in the town policy will mean a doctrinal revision of its use. It will come with a sociological and organisational change that should allow it to efficiently engage its lively forces in the challenge to control the town surroundings
Fischhoff, Robin. "La police judiciaire aux prises avec les atteintes à l'environnement et à la santé publique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0016/document.
Full textUnknown to the general public, crime in the field of the environment and public health is a reality, which affects our daily lives and puts the future of future generations at risk. From simple profiteers to criminal organized groups, this is a multifaceted criminality, based on three major effects: the lack of legislative harmonization, the relatively low rate of criminal prosecution, high profit and less exposure to physical risks. Moreover, the use of new technologies and the emergence of new forms of economy further favor the harmful action of criminals. Also, on the basis of a technical and complex law, magistrates and police officers keep fighting against criminals, try to understand their codes, analyze their operating methods and learn new techniques to investigation. Our work highlights the real conversion of opportunistic offenders, members of criminal networks or criminal organizations into the fields of environment and public health, while trying to facilitate a pragmatic approach of the criminal police
Lalam, Nacer. "Déterminants et analyse économique de l'offre de drogues illicites en France." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010058.
Full textBerni, Daniel. "La maitrise des eaux et forêts de Nancy dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle (1748-1791) : administration forestière et répressions des délits." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20008.
Full textAfter having retraced forest management evolution in Lorraine, we studied Nancy’s mastery, created in 1747. This is an administration which is in charge of the supervision and management of the forest. Its competences do not exert on the whole forests (some escape from its control). It supervises the usage rights in these forests. For this, Nancy’s mastery has a staff; we will define status, abilities and remuneration. It is also a jurisdiction of exception in charge in first authority to suppress forest crimes but also hunting and fishing crimes. After the examination of the main causes of these crimes, we will study those from the mastery. We will also see how the mastery observes and punishes these crimes. To assure a best repair of these forest damages, it creates a particular system with "the responsibility of other"
Chetrit, Thierry. "Sécurité intérieure et criminalité contemporaine en France." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020016/document.
Full textThe essential condition for the exercise of individual and collective freedoms roots itself in the notion of security, it is the cornerstone of the republican contract and the main concern of our leaders and citizens. It must be said that contemporary crime, a multi-causal phenomenon, has changed considerably, in its scope and in its basic nature, requiring, in respect of fundamental freedoms, the implementation of an ambitious security policy. Thus, some current legislation has been formulated on order to highlight the areas of highest priority for internal security and justice. Those legislations are base on one hand around some structural reforms under the sign of deepened cooperation between security bodies, and on the other hand, through a willing to provide an overall new legal and administrative framework. Adding to this throughout system which stands to fight against contemporary crime, criminalistics appears to be a key instrument. Notably playing an indispensable role in the conduct of criminal investigations, it is a leading force, to a large extent in the repression of crime and offenses in general within the overall system of internal security. Hence and notwithstanding the administration of criminal evidence by criminalistics is presented as a rational solution in the treatment of physical evidence in order to discover the truth. It is only a complementary solution and a simple help given to support the science of investigation. The future of the system lies in a greater exploration of this resource as it will enable the system to become more efficient. Thus, it is only through an uncompromising stance, utilizing knowledge from criminalistics and an ambitious advanced renovation of the institutional and legal framework, that the state will curb contemporary crime
Millet, Jérôme. "Autorités de police et sécurité locale." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020046.
Full textFiori-Khayat, Coralie. "Les politiques de lutte contre la récidive et la réitération chez les mineurs délinquants : approches comparées franco-américaines." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040146.
Full textJuvenile criminality has turned out to be one of the main security problems since the end of the twentieth century, particularly when it turns to chronic young offenders. Thus, the issue of the thesis is to compare two situations that are consubstantial to global cities which embody post-industrial economies, as welle as the solutions opened to them. The comparison is mainly, though not exclusively, drawn on two cities : the Ile de France region and New York City. The author first analyzes the evolution, both as regard quantity and quality, of the juvenile criminality, and uses diachronic and synchronic measures. She specifically targets such points as the idea that offenders would be younger and younger, and the fact that street gangs are now a reality in France. She studies the political consequences of the situation. Then, the author dwells on concrete solutions that exist on either sides of the Ocean, when a chronic young offender is involved : the reasons of succes and failures are detailed. Community system is particularly studied, as it turns out to be one of the most promising and already successful system. The author concludes that " New-York Miracle " is less due to the Zero Tolerance Policy than to a community system of management of chronic young offenders : a way of co-managing juvenile justice on a hand, and a way of co-producing a legal and social norm on the other
Akelev, Evgeny. "Le malfaiteur face à l'état moderne : la criminalité professionnelle et la politique anticriminelle à Moscou et à Paris dans la première moitié du XVIIIème siècle (recherches comparatives)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040024.
Full textBased on analysis of the archives of two major operations against the urban underworld (the trial of Louis-Dominique Cartouche in Paris, 1721-1728, and the case of Van'ka Kain in Moscow, 1741-1756), this thesis provides a comparative study into the world of professional criminals in Europe during the first half of the eighteenth century. The centerpiece of this study is the analysis of biographies of two hundred criminals, including their social and occupational status, how they became uprooted from legal society, and their subsequent integration into the criminal world. These data reveal both similarities and differences in the criminal worlds of Moscow and Paris, though the study shows a distinct resemblance between the underworlds of the two cities. The study also analyzes types of criminal association and distinctive features of their subculture, everyday life among criminals, and their links to non-criminal townspeople. Finally, the study shows that both French and Russian authorities were alarmed by the extension of the underworld in the mid-eighteenth century. Officials struggled against professional criminals with similar techniques in both Paris and Moscow, including the protection of some elements of the criminal underworld in order to control it as a whole
Graëve, Loïc de. "Essai sur le concept de droit de punir en droit interne." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_degraeve_l.pdf.
Full textThe analysis of law sentencing can be easily understood by enlightening the close relationship between its concept and criminal law. Embodied in a very specific statutory scheme law sentencing has remained since its very first establishment an essential prerogative of the state through what is called “the criminal sovereignty”. Overlapping both sentencing and criminal law formerly gave rise to the rationalization of the former but these days the interdependence of the terms tends to strand in the way of any progress whatsoever. Through an inconsistent use of sentencing law the criminal law subject goes gradually away from its classical representation in which its retributive purpose yet prevails. Renewing with the very deep meaning of criminal law requires a break within the unification of both sentencing and criminal law systems. Law sentencing needs to be assigned a larger definition including the punishing aspirations of public, disciplinary and civil law systems
Watanabe, Takuya. "L' émergence de la drogue : la construction d'une catégorie à partir des cas de l'opium, du haschisch et de la morphine, XIXe - XXe siècles, France." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0174.
Full textOpium, haschisch, morphine, and the substances we call narcotics today, were once known as remedies in the history of Western medicine. Drug addiction has a double definition, as sickness to be cared, and as social deviance 10 he blamed. The aim of this study is to elucidate a historic process 0 the construction of a category of the dangerous: drug, towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in France, through analysing the transformation of epistemological frame especially in the medical discourses, At first, French medicine found a harmful influence of a long use of opium with an image of a disabled person represented by the figures of opium addicts in China, Secondly, until the mid-19th century, the alienists pointed out that haschisch could cause the hallucinations and the lost of the reason. Finally, after the Franco-Prussien War, the consommation of morphine and alcohol were augmented, when it was recognized as danger for the society and as degenerative disease in the name of Public Health. The drug dependance was interpreted as pathological and antisocial, from three points of view of disease, madness, and crime
Mirzajani, Hamid Reza. "Finance criminelle et politique criminelle anti-blanchiment en droit français et iranien." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/MIRZAJANI_Hamid_Reza_2011.pdf.
Full textThe criminal finance is a generic term which describes financial strategy of the criminal economy. Currently in the field of national criminal law, criminal finance has an important position and numerous international conventions have been adopted to punish and prevent this phenomenon. However, the criminal finance is still unclear. The criminal finance is based on two clearly defined categories within the criminal law : first one is the illicit profit from an upstream offense such as theft, fraud, embezzlement, drug trafficking. . . , what we call as “gross criminal finance”; second one is the legal profit from a downstream offense qualified as money laundering , what we call as “criminal finance pure”. Nevertheless, criminal finance has been foreseen by French and Iranian criminal law. Money laundering is specified to some limit in French law. This limitation is based on the principle of necessity and proportionality of punishment, as well as the underlying offenses recommended by the FATF. However, Iranian law has a system of indirect criminalization of money laundering. Our research shows the criminal policy consisting of all elements fighting against money laundering. An effective fight against money laundering is based on two components : the preventive and the repressive. French and Iranian preventive measures in the fight against money laundering are based on professional due-diligence. The recent French legislation, the ordinance of 30 January 2009, which implemented the third european union directive of 2005, introduced a preventive measure to amend and supplement the old French law. Thus, there has been a significant legislative change in France compared to the Iranian legislation. However, Iran has recently adopted an anti-money laundering law and has applied it since 2 December 2009. Ultimately, the comparative analysis of the criminalization of money laundering and criminal policy against money laundering in French law and Iranian law shows that Iran can benefit from the experiences and solutions in the French legal fight against the money laundering. It also shows that Iran must quickly overcome the shortcomings of its laws and its criminal policy on the fight against this phenomenon
Bonneville, Antoine. "Droit fiscal et lutte contre la criminalité." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010251.
Full textThe study of the reality of crime shows that it has essentially an economic purpose. The financial aspect can also be a significant one, especially in the case of terrorism. However, the response to crime takes very little account of the economic reality of the crime and is, historically, based on criminal punishment. The tax law is in concurrence with the criminal law. In regard to this observation, it becomes necessary to change the response to crime in order to better meet this reality. Among the existing means, the tax law is representing several advantages, including the fact that it is conceptually directed to fight illicit financial flows, whether they are of criminal origin or not. If the body of law related to the fight against crime is not tax law oriented, the few existing cases show that it has a significant contribution, including the capacity of the tax administration (even though it is under-used) in research on information flows. The fight against crime could become much more effective if the paradigm of criminal law had changed. This change could be achieved by adopting an economic approach, like the approach and means used in the case of tax evasion. Whether seeking economic sanctions rather than criminal, or dealing with the criminal environment as a whole
Alsaif, Dalal. "L'appréhension de la criminalité organisée. Étude comparative des droits français et koweïtien." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT3001.
Full textThe fight against organized crime is today one of the national and international priorities. To do so, however, the countries do not always adopt the same solutions, as shown by the comparative study of French and Kuwaiti laws. Substantially, the two laws have many points in common. Organized crime has not actually been criminalized as such by French and Kuwaiti legislators. There are, however, several criminalizations to apprehend this criminal phenomenon in these two laws. It is either to fight against criminal organizations, via the conspiracy (association de malfaiteurs/entente criminelle), or to fight against the criminal activities committed by these organizations, via the aggravating circumstance of organized criminal group (bande organisée/groupe criminel organisé). To fight against organized crime, both laws also adopt an adapted repressive policy that allows the collaborator of justice to be exempted from penalty or to benefit from a reduction of the sentence. Procedurally, the two laws have adopted different approaches. The French law contains some special criminal procedures, applicable to organized crime, that derogate from ordinary criminal procedures. It also conferred on the specialized courts the competence to adjudicate the organized crime cases (the JIRS). The Kuwaiti law, on the other hand, is content with relying on ordinary criminal procedures and ordinary courts to apprehend organized crime. On this aspect, if the specialization of the French courts does not seem to be transposable into Kuwaiti law, the latter can adopt the French special criminal procedures to better combat organized crime
Chopin, Frédérique. "La lutte contre la corruption." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32004.
Full textThis work wants to explain that corruption is an infraction whose main characteristic is its mutation capacity. Depending on what it affects, public markets, sport, publicity, international trades, urban mercantile or political life, it isn't the same infraction. This main characteristic justifies the difficulties that the ruler has met in the fight against corruption. Therefore, an adaptation in the fight against corruption is necessary. It implies a double change : on one hand, a change in space and time and on the other hand, a change in the work of fighting. A change in space and time must take into account all the inappropriate and inefficient measures taken before now, the politics which are driven all over the world and the chance of their harmonisation besides the obstacles. A change in the work of the fight can be illustrated by the appearance of new actors (citizens, associations, press and non-governmental organisations) and by the new nature of the enterprise, on law, criminal, sociological and ethical bases. At last, in a multidisciplinary approach, we suggest some changes in order to improve the fight against corruption's main characteristic : its mutation capacity
Petit, Frère Renel. "La répression pénale de la criminalité organisée : étude comparée des droits français et haïtien." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30055.
Full textOrganized crime is a major concern for the French and Haitian public forces and the related crime repression methods are at the core of the French and Haitian Criminal Law. In that sense, both legislators had to adapt their criminal legislation in order to provide the judicial system with new instruments of crime control to help detect and punish organized crime offenses. The latter are fought down via a double punishment approach that is proactive and reactive. We notice that the criminal law of organized crime, whether substantive or formal, slides from the reactive towards the proactive. It is a repressive logic that favours efficient repressive methods over the respect of fundamental principals. And therefore, the right of a fair trial is ill-used. In both Rights, the people involved in organized offences are severally sanctioned and the criminal assets are forfeited in order to apply preventive and repressive measures. This repression takes place within a cooperative efficient framework between the police and the judicial body and causes the emergence of new instruments of cooperation and the sharing and regionalization of the norms of criminal sanctions against organized crime. This comparative study shows that Haiti can benefit from the French judiciary expertise founded on the specialisation of the judiciary actors who participate in the criminal proceedings
Dagot, Camille. "Le voleur face à ses juges : criminels d'habitude et délinquants d'occasion dans les Voges lorraines des XVIème et XVIIème siècles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG016.
Full textOn September 26, 1599, the Duke of Lorraine, Charles III, promulgated an order against presumed bandits hidden in the Vosges at the end of the 16th century. Then, on October 24, 1599, he sent a letter to the three main provosts of the Vosges asking them to « purge the paths ». The Vosges, that are at the same time a particular geographical area and a legal entity of Lorraine, allow to observe the repression of theft between the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century. In fact, since the 1570s, Charles III initiated a whole series of legislative measures aimed at making Lorraine, that had become autonomous in 1542, a modern and centralized State. With the resurgence of plagues that marked the end of the « beautiful 16th century European, the Duke strived to protect the economic health of the country by demanding from his justice a firm repression of all forms of economic delinquency. In total, between 1548 and 1634, 568 people were arrested for theft. The judicial treatment of these defendants revealed the establishment of a modernized ducal justice, which seeks to compete with the old seigneurial prerogatives in matters of highjustice by imposing the use of the written word in the investigation of criminal trials. The study of these trials makes it possible to analyse the different forms of perception of theft, and the power relations that are woven around its repression between the duke, the seigneurial justices and the communities
Nunzi, Alfredo. "Les instruments juridiques internationaux de lutte contre la criminalité transnationale organisée." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4012.
Full textLegislations acknowledged the emergence of a type of organized crime which, in view of its modus operandi and relationships between the different groups and associates, concerns several domestic jurisdictions and that was defined "transnational". This dissertation examines the solutions elaborated by the legislator in France and Italy, countries where jurists and criminologists have studied transnational organized crime in depth with a view to defining the phenomenon on the basis of the its main features, organized structure and transnationality. At the international level, the attention focuses on the work done within the United Nations, particularly the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the European Union, whose main instruments are the 1997 Programme of Action against organized crime and common action 733/1998
Bocar, Oumarou. "La politique criminelle du Mali de 1960 à nos jours." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10086.
Full textIn these times of deep social, cultural, economic and political changes, criminality and delinquency increase at a more and more rapid rate in Mali. The mixing of an archaic and modern criminality gives rise to an insecurity specific of private individuals, and constantly underling public life. For a quarter of century, Malian authorities have worked out texts, they have trained policemen, they have erected law courts and police stations, and they have fitted out prisons in order to check delinquency. But, this criminal policy, characterized by a juridical and judicial mimicry an excessive voluntarism and the severity of punishments, has been a complete failure. So, one question is to be asked and forces itself upon our minds: what kind of criminal policy to adopt for Mali on the threshold of the year 2000?
Hercule, Sidney. "L'Etat et la lutte contre la toxicomanie." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020024.
Full textFavarel-Garrigues, Gilles. "La lutte contre la criminalité économique en Russie soviétique et post-soviétique, 1965-1995." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0022.
Full textAbdel, Hafez Waleed Mohamed Hagag Ahmed. "La preuve en matière de criminalité organisée." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4001.
Full textThe objective of criminal law is mostly to protect society. However, its efficiency depends especially on rules of criminal procedure which sends to establish the truth. But these rules have borders. They arise from on everlasting conflict between individual rights and the interest of society in optimal security. The balance between two apparently antagonist interests lies in the delicate subject of the law of proof The difficulty to collect evidence in usual penal cases increases much in organized crime cases. This complexity is sometimes due to the important threat that this type of crime creates in modem societies and sometimes to the characteristics of these crimes. Having made seen these difficulties, two reactions can be observed to face it : either to adopt an outstanding legal arsenal which may come up against human rights or to sacrifice the interest of the community for the benefit of individual rights, which threatens the stability and values of a State respecting the rule of law. The aim of this study is to collect evidence more easily in organized crime cases ; a heavy task, especially due to the difficulty in reconciling such powerful and sacred interests. Consequently, our study consists in examining the reversing of the burden of proof and some means to the obtaining of evidence, that may raise anxiety about their compatibility with human rights, such as undercover operations and several scientific methods. This research is based on national experiences but it tries to set out appropriate solutions
Vaillant, Nicolas. "Des comportements criminels et de leur dissuasion : une analyse économique de la violence et de la ruse : aspects théoriques et modélisation criminométrique à partir de données de panel françaises." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000066.pdf.
Full textThe economists of crime, inspired by the seminal work of Becker (1968) and Ehrlich (1973, 1975), have usually analyzed criminal behavior from the angle of the problem of time allocation and from the point of view of the public enforcement of criminal law. We extend this viewpoint by using a model of victim-offender interaction. The criminal is treated as a decision maker arbitrating between different "technologies", more or less tricking or, reciprocally, more or less violent for the victim. We test the deterrent effect of the legal sanction by estimating an econometric model of criminality (a "criminometric" model), using original cross-section time-series, covering the 30 French appeal court areas and the years 1988 to 1993
Pantelodimou, Eirini. "La lutte contre la pollution marine en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010317.
Full textThe sea plays a vital role in regulating climate and in maintaining ecological balance. The oceans and the sea constitute a source of wealth, an immense reservoir of food resources and of employment for many people. The Mediterranean Sea is a sensitive ecosystem, subject to strong pressures derived from human activities, such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, dumping of waste and other matter in the sea, maritime transport, transfer of aquatic invasive species via ballast water and littoral tourism. France, severely affected by the sinking of the Amoco Cadiz, the Erika and the Prestige, took numerous initiatives not only at an international but also at a regional level. The complexity of the marine pollution problem, due to the diversity of polluting factors and to their diffuse sources, has favored a regional approach. This approach has resulted in the adoption, at a national, regional and international level, of a network of policies, legislative texts, programs and action plans in the field of marine environment protection. It constitutes a stifling body of rules, comprising preventive and repressive measures. The institutional and legal complexity of marine protection hinders, however, the effective protection of the marine environment. ln this context, the international community encourages the implementation of an ecosystem approach to oceans. At European level, the adoption of the Framework Directive «Strategy for the Marine Environment» favours a consistency between different EU policies as well as an integration of environmental considerations into ail policies related to the sea. Furthermore, the effectiveness of European legislation in the field of the fight again marine pollution, has been reinforced by the adoption of a common framework of liability with regard to the prevention and remedy of environment damage
Jain, Sonal. "Les stratégies organisationnelles de lutte contre la corruption." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT3008.
Full textDefined as the misuse of authority for personal / organizational gain, corruption is a global phenomenon that has existed for centuries. However, despite its negative consequences and a long history, research into corruption only started in the 1990s. In business literature, the topic of anti-corruption is largely ignored. The lack of interest has driven this doctoral dissertation about the fight against corruption, divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 covers the systematic literature review, which analyzes the empirical methods and theoretical trends in the field of corruption over 31 years. The result reveals that current research is deficient in a qualitative study, primary data, longitudinal analysis, and organizational level investigation. These gaps are addressed in Chapters 2 and 3 using institutional theory. Chapter 2 advances the literature in the anti-corruption disclosure area by examining codes of conduct disclosure of 40 French companies before and after implementing anti-corruption law in France. The result shows that companies disclose higher levels of anti-corruption disclosures in the mandatory period than in the voluntary period. Coercive and normative isomorphic mechanisms play a role in strengthening anti-corruption efforts. Chapter 3 is based on empirical qualitative research of 34 French small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), looking at their anti-corruption practices. To increase their legitimacy, SMEs have different strategies, which can be divided between substantial and symbolic strategies. SMEs face various and diverse institutional pressures. They lack the necessary resources (money, expertise, human work force) to comply with anti-corruption requirements. The main response of SMEs to institutional pressures of large firms appears to be avoidance in relation to anti-corruption practices. The result reveals the instrumental use of anti-corruption practices by SMEs, specifically to gain legitimacy
Gautier, Budai Anne-Elisabeth. "Les instruments internationaux de lutte contre la criminalité organisée en Europe du Sud-Est." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010302.
Full textDegert-Ribeiro, Sophie Héloïse. "La lutte contre les activités illicites dans la mer des Caraïbes." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT4010.
Full textPeter, Marc. "L'appropriation des avoirs criminels : les saisies pénales spéciales garantissant la peine de confiscation, une étape majeure pour une stratégie pénale patrimoniale repensée ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0285.
Full textIn France, the money-laundering and trafficking fight is based on a apprehension of the illicit assets strategy. French law give to magistrates, and under conditions to investigators, very offensive prerogatives to seize property assets very early in the proceedings and regardless of the property and the presumption of innocence rights. However, the law largely reformed law of seizures by creating special criminal seizures, it did not provide a framework for confiscation enforcement. Indeed, confiscation remains the pivot of criminal property investigation, although special criminal seizures are now the driving force. The absence of a post sentential procedure is likely to open a new space of opportunity for the convicteds to dissipate part of their property. This is the reason why French criminal law should be updated to give justice a complete framework to ensure that crime does not pay
Gillet, Delphine. "Les instruments de lutte contre la récidive." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0047.
Full textFighting repeat offense is a new trend within History of the Criminal Law. Since the end of the death penalty: physical punishment, relegation and criminal guardianship, there are no absolute penal response, protecting the nation against recidivism. Rapid procedures and further made worse punishments breach fundamental rights, according the presumption of innocence, fair trial and defense rights. Tool's objectives and subjective criteria allow the implementation of a brutal crackdown by the Prosecutor. In a country that claims to be modern and human, chances of rehabilitation are actually limited. We know neither punish nor forgive. The aim of retribution always outpaces preventive measures challenges for preparing rehabilitation. Society is an accomplice of tools that feed counterproductive repeat offense. The recent adoption of criminal coercion gently begins a necessary paradigm shift. Inspired by Anglo-Saxon, the French probation will have an inconsistent reformer judiciary. Partnership, the enhanced individualization and restorative justice actively guide the offender on the path of desistance. To channel revenge of tools involves putting on equal punishment and rehabilitation imperative. The unsure and hazard bases of tools limit the scope of guiding principles on criminal law and effective rights of defense. Are incorrigibleness and hazardousness irrebuttable presumptions? Can recidivist claim a right to get rehabilitation against penitentiary administration?
Parat, Alain. "La police face au terrorisme." Limoges, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIMO2000.
Full textTourny, Eve. "La lutte contre la criminalité informatique bancaire : approches de droit comparé et de droit international." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0014.
Full textNicout, Doris. "Les habitants des cités d'HLM et la lutte contre l'insécurité." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA123019.
Full textThe enquiries, studies and observation groups set up the link between the feeling of insecurity and real violence is very weak. In fact, the number of people who have first hand experience of violence is much less than the number of people who live in perpetual fear of it. Although we are not denying that criminality exists it is clear that the feeling of insecurity encourages fear which in turn insites people to isolate themselves and mistrust absolutely everyone. This climate of fear leaves the door wide open for petty and more serious crimes and encourages youngsters fo feel that they can get away with violent and arrogant behaviour especially as they are also the ones spreading the rumours and making people even more scared. This type of environment makes it rather difficult to set up any kind of strategy to fight insecurity. To combat criminality and insecurity we should create stronger ties between inhabitants ; get them to meet eachother, talk together, come together and set up common projects. We should set up a network for contacts, associations and places where people can meet and exchange ideas. This train of thought has formed the basis is for our missions and has lead to this thesis
Boyer, Philippe. "Réglementation de la lutte anti-tabac en France." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11279.
Full textFreyssinet, Eric. "Lutte contre les botnets : analyse et stratégie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066390/document.
Full textBotnets, or networks of computers infected with malware and connected to a command and control system, is one of the main tools for criminal activities on the Internet today. They allow the development of a new type of crime: crime as a service (CaaS). They are a challenge for law enforcement. First by the importance of their impact on the security of networks and the commission of crimes on the Internet. Next, with regards to the extremely international dimension of their dissemination and therefore the enhanced difficulty in conducting investigations. Finally, through the large number of actors that may be involved (software developers, botnet masters, financial intermediaries, etc.). This thesis proposes a thorough study of botnets (components, operation, actors), the specificaion of a data collection method on botnet related activities and finally the technical and organizational arrangements in the fight against botnets; it concludes on proposals on the strategy for this fight. The work carried out has confirmed the relevance, for the effective study of botnets, of a model encompassing all their components, including infrastructure and actors. Besides an effort in providing definitions, the thesis describes a complete model of the life cycle of a botnet and offers methods for categorization of these objects. This work shows the need for a shared strategy which should include the detection elements, coordination between actors and the possibility or even the obligation for operators to implement mitigation measures
Mizouni-Lindenberg, Najet. "L'articulation du pénal et du sanitaire dans la lutte contre la toxicomanie." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA083743.
Full textThis research deals with the origins of drug prohibition on both domestic and international levels. It contests also about the penal interdiction of illicit use of narcotics and the making of personal use of narcotics offence, not to forget the questions raised by the judicial apparatus for toxicomania prevention in France. Part 1: the genesis of the 1970 law (parliamentary vote) and the exposition of it, the difficulties of its application (compulsory medical care). Part 2: the ambiguities of the law denounced by law scholars, the "risk-reducing policy" that divides actors in the field of toxicomania and public authorities
Pardo, Frédéric. "Le groupe en droit pénal." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0049.
Full textThe group in criminal law puts the problem of the apprehension and the repression of the collective crime and participants' plurality in the malpractice, whatever can be its demonstrations ; these works so have for ambition to replace the various apprehensions of the group in a linear step, and want systematism. So as it will be attempted to loosen a certain cohesion in front of the visible dispersal of our repressive arsenal. It is a question of connecting the various perceptions of the group and of following the progress, so many criminological realities that social reactions. In the alder of this systematic approach of the group, are measured, in terms of opportunity, critics, evaluation positive and forward-looking, the various penal perceptions of the group, that the social reaction is ex ante, or ex post. The group appears at first as measuring instrument of the crime in power, then as a revelation of the crime in action. The repression follows a dynamics of extension, directed to the repression of the biggest attendance figures
Righi, Silvia. "La lutte contre la criminalité et la sauvegarde des droits et des libertés fondamentales dans l'Union européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA013.
Full textThe research aims to verify whether and how, at the EU level, the fight against crime (particularly organized crime) is perpetuated in full respect of fundamental rights and freedoms, and whether cooperation among Member States in this field can promote high and homogeneous standards of protection.The historical reluctance of Member States to give the relative competences to the Union has strongly obstructed the development of an equilibrated “area of freedom, security and justice”. However, the Lisbon Treaty has provided important tools. After firstly presenting security in the EU, I discuss judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Both the rich normative production aimed at repression, and the more recently adopted measures finalized at guarantying and promoting individual rights are analyzed. Then, I pass to police cooperation and EU financial / patrimonial intervention, together with the right to protection of personal data and the right to property - the two most at stake
Chammat, Fadi. "L'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice à l'épreuve de la lutte contre la criminalité organisée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0388.
Full textTo counter the threat of organized crime, which is constantly growing and becoming one of the most serious issues in the European Union, member states are under an obligation to strengthen penal cooperation against it. With the Maastricht Treaty, and the creation of the area of freedom, security and justice by Amsterdam Treaty, of which the fight against organized crime is the essential driving force, the Member States express their will to organize their actions and unite against the threats of organized crime. However, these phases have shown the ineffectiveness of the repression; paralysis and a lot of weaknesses. With its entry into force in 2009, Lisbon Treaty begins a new era in the fight against organized crime within the AFSJ. However, even in integrating its progress, it does not initiate the necessary rationalization of the institutional legal framework of the AFSJ against organized crime. Strong crises that the EU and the AFSJ have experienced raise questions about national confidence in this area and the EU. This thesis seeks to identify the current and future role of the European Union within a space where free movement is the principle. The expected role can only really be achieved through an autonomous criminal system where the EU has a strong ability in applying it in a climate of trust and respect for fundamental rights; legal systems of member states and their national sovereignty. In this perspective, a radical change that concerns the nature of the EU will be essential. But who has the will to make the revolution?
Reitz, Isabelle. "Les aspects actuels de la lutte contre le sida en France." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11300.
Full textProvost, Laurence. "La lutte contre la peste en France au cours des siècles." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1005.
Full textMarchant, Alexandre. "L'impossible prohibition : la lutte contre la drogue en France (1966-1996)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0049.
Full textBetween the mid-1960s characterized by the sudden upsurge of new patterns of drug addiction within the Youth (1966: first media frenzy about LSD) resulting in the new prohibitionist Act of 1970, et the mid-1990s pointing out the generalization of harm reduction strategies (1996: institutionalization of opiates substitution treatments), the dissertation highlights the making the social, health and political problem of drug abuse, through the public policies, often influenced by the international frame of the “war on drugs”. The thesis focuses on the evolutions of uses, trafficking and public policies. It addresses the issue of prohibition: how is socially and publicly constructed the scandal that legitimizes THE prohibition ? Who are the stakeholders who defined it “from the top” (politicians, parliamentary committees, medical experts) and those who enforce the law “on the bottom” (police officers, judges, physicians)? What are the social consequences of this enforcement (increased criminalization of drug smuggling, stigmatization of drug users) ? How the system is contradicting itself between its repressive and care aspects ? This research is based on various archival materials: ministerial archives (Interior, Justice, Heath, Youth and Sports, National Education, Prime Minister’s administration, Inter-ministerial mission for the fight against drug and drug abuse – MILDT), parliamentary archives, private archives, contemporary printed sources, medias, INA archives…
Marchant, Alexandre. "L'impossible prohibition : la lutte contre la drogue en France (1966-1996)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0049.
Full textBetween the mid-1960s characterized by the sudden upsurge of new patterns of drug addiction within the Youth (1966: first media frenzy about LSD) resulting in the new prohibitionist Act of 1970, et the mid-1990s pointing out the generalization of harm reduction strategies (1996: institutionalization of opiates substitution treatments), the dissertation highlights the making the social, health and political problem of drug abuse, through the public policies, often influenced by the international frame of the “war on drugs”. The thesis focuses on the evolutions of uses, trafficking and public policies. It addresses the issue of prohibition: how is socially and publicly constructed the scandal that legitimizes THE prohibition ? Who are the stakeholders who defined it “from the top” (politicians, parliamentary committees, medical experts) and those who enforce the law “on the bottom” (police officers, judges, physicians)? What are the social consequences of this enforcement (increased criminalization of drug smuggling, stigmatization of drug users) ? How the system is contradicting itself between its repressive and care aspects ? This research is based on various archival materials: ministerial archives (Interior, Justice, Heath, Youth and Sports, National Education, Prime Minister’s administration, Inter-ministerial mission for the fight against drug and drug abuse – MILDT), parliamentary archives, private archives, contemporary printed sources, medias, INA archives…
Ruys, Thomas. "Historique et caractéristiques écologiques du processus d'invasion des ardennes françaises par trois rongeurs aquatiques : le rat musqué (Ondatra zibethicus), le ragondin (Myocastor coypus) et le castor d'Europe (Castor fiber)." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIML010.
Full textThe muskrat and the coypu, native to North and South of Arnerica respectively, progress in France since their introduction at the end of 1920's. In the same time, Muskrat was introduce in the French Ardennes but Coypu a n k d in 1990's. The european beaver, disappeared in the XVIIth century, reappeared at the end of the 1990's following reintroduction. In this biological context, ecological requirements of these three aquatic rodents were studied at the regional scale. Objectives were to precise and anticipate theirs spreads and propose a suitable management. Archives documents and wildlife managers information allow to estimate past and current spread and pathways used for the colonization. Moreover, abiotic factors (height and bank slope, water depth, water velocity, altitude, ground texture and structure, waterway width and gradient) and biotic factors (plant taxa, plant abundance and height) were studied in 29 watenvay sections. Muskrat and coypu seffle in varied environments: narrow and wide waterways, high banks or not, emphized slope or not. The two rodents need banks with dense herbaceaous for feeding and woody cover does not seem a limiting factor. In its colonization period, beaver favours wide waterways with woody species, essential in its diet. In France, muskrat and coypu are allochthonous species and considred as pests whereas beaver is autochthonous and protected. This situation involve a specific management discussed in a global reflection on the part of hurnan in biological conservation and ecological restoration
Adam, Philippe. "Experience intime et action collective : sexualite, maladie et lutte contre le sida." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0037.
Full textThe present research analyses the french non governmental movement of the fight against aids. Its birth derived from the french gay movement which pre-existed before the 1980's. Nevertheless, the new movement cannot be restricted to the factor of sexual orientation as not all homosexuals take part to the new engagement. Besides, even among gay volunteers, a great variety in terms of class status, sexual experiences and serological status appears. Precisely, this diversity played a major part in the development of the aids movement. Some of the volunteers wanted to promote a communitarist approch to fighting against aids, whereas others (who generally shared a higher social status and who were less integrated in the gay world) were not preoccupied only with the problems of gay men but with the whole population. Thus, this research analyses how the intimate experiences of the gay volunteers, those related with their personal experience of homosexuality, influence their political opinions and strategies for fighting against aids. Moreover, in the particular field of prevention, the private experiences (both social and intimate) of the volunteers happen to influence the rules of prevention that they want to promote
Scherrer, Amandine. "La production normative du G8 face à la "criminalité transnationale organisée" (1989-2005) : la force du discours, le poids de l'expertise." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0048.
Full textThis PhD dissertation analyzes the genesis and the activities of the G8 Experts Group on transnational organized crime (the Lyon Group) from its creation in 1995 until 2005. In particular, this work sheds light on the actors involved in the Lyon Group, their activities inside the G8 and the diffusion of their work, both in member states’ domestic practices and at the international level. Between 1995 and 2001, the Lyon Group has constituted the main, albeit discreet, norms producer of the G8 in the face of transnational organized crime. In the post-9/11 context, the Lyon Group’s experts have made terrorism the new focus of their work. As a result, they have started working in close cooperation with the experts of the Roma Group, the G8 experts Group on counter-terrorism. The sociological and professional make-up of what became the Lyon/Roma Group in 2003 has been modified in favour of more Police and Intelligence experts and less Judicial experts. The Lyon/Roma Group has since become increasingly proactive and preventive, and legitimized the use of exceptionnal measures and procedures in the name of “the war on terrorism”
Carter, Raymond H. A. "Evolution et lutte contre la production, la consommation et le trafic des drogues en Afrique subsaharienne." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0058.
Full textLike other continents, Africa is hit by the scourge of narcotic drugs. Over the past two decades illicit trade in narcotics and psychotropic substances has kept increasing in the hands of international criminal organisations bent on promoting narcotic drugs as a "cultural element" throughout the world. For lack of domestic structures and inter-state cooperation, the subsaharan countries combine today all the "conditions" conducive to the development of such dreadful destabilisation factor. Hence a noticiable rise in drug addiction generating what might be termed a "pharmacodelinquancy" resulting from an illicit trafic covering local production of psychotropic substances and cannabis, transiting drugs (cocaine, heroine) and perversion of lawful trade (medicines), supplemented by recent attemps at growing opium poppies and even coca shrubs locally. Various means (international conventions and other judicial instruments) make it possible to start developing effective strategies against that baneful trend of which political spheres are not always conscious confronted as they are with day to day social and economic problems. Some institutions, however, are endeavouring to improve as best they can cooperation through better coordination. Unfortunately, such a policy seems to be suffering from conflicting laws and regulations that vary from one african state to the other, indeed a severe handicap when fighting has become a world-wide curse. What looks like a last chance battle is being engaged in against the three-pronged strategy of international criminal organisations (namely : 1) promoting drug-addiction from locally produced and transit narcotics, 2) developing papaver somniferum production, 3) creating on a global scale new narcotics sources (heroine) all of which otherwise may lead sooner or later to the isolation of africa