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HAMBERGER, L., M. HAHLIN, T. HILLENSJÖ, C. JOHANSON, and A. SJÖGREN. "Luteotropic and Luteolytic Factors Regulating Human Corpus Luteum Function." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 541, no. 1 In Vitro Fert (October 1988): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb22285.x.
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Rekawiecki, Robert, Michal Hubert Wrobel, Paulina Zajac, Oliwia Serej, and Magdalena Karolina Kowalik. "Luteotropic and Luteolytic Factors Modulate the Expression of Nuclear Receptor Coregulators in Bovine Luteal Cells Independently of Histone Acetyltransferase and Histone Deacetylase Activities." Animals 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13172784.
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The aims of this study were to examine the effect of luteotropic and luteolytic factors on the mRNA and protein expression of the coactivators HAT: histone acetyltransferase p300 (P300), cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and the corepressor: nuclear receptor corepressor-2 (NCOR-2) in bovine luteal cells on days 6–10 and 16–20. HAT and HDAC activities were also measured. The obtained results showed that luteotropic and luteolytic factors influence changes in the mRNA and protein levels of the coregulators of PGRs. However, they did not affect the activity of related HAT and HDAC, respectively. Therefore, it is possible that these factors, through changes in the expression of nuclear receptor coactivators and corepressors, may affect the functioning of the nuclear receptors, including PGRs, in the bovine CL.
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Przygrodzka, Emilia, Michele R. Plewes, and John S. Davis. "Luteinizing Hormone Regulation of Inter-Organelle Communication and Fate of the Corpus Luteum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 9972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189972.
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The corpus luteum is an endocrine gland that synthesizes the steroid hormone progesterone. luteinizing hormone (LH) is a key luteotropic hormone that stimulates ovulation, luteal development, progesterone biosynthesis, and maintenance of the corpus luteum. Luteotropic and luteolytic factors precisely regulate luteal structure and function; yet, despite recent scientific progress within the past few years, the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress towards understanding cellular changes induced by LH in steroidogenic luteal cells. Herein, we will focus on the effects of LH on inter-organelle communication and steroid biosynthesis, and how LH regulates key protein kinases (i.e., AMPK and MTOR) responsible for controlling steroidogenesis and autophagy in luteal cells.
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Tropea, Anna, Federica Tiberi, Francesca Minici, Mariateresa Orlando, Maria Francesca Gangale, Federica Romani, Fiorella Miceli, et al. "Ghrelin Affects the Release of Luteolytic and Luteotropic Factors in Human Luteal Cells." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92, no. 8 (August 2007): 3239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0180.
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Rekawiecki, Robert, Magdalena Karolina Kowalik, and Jan Kotwica. "Luteotropic and luteolytic factors regulate mRNA and protein expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B in the bovine endometrium." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 7 (2016): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14325.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of luteotropic and luteolytic factors on the mRNA and protein levels of progesterone receptor isoforms A (PGRA) and B (PGRB) in the bovine endometrium. Endometrial slices from Days 6–10 and 17–20 of the oestrous cycle were treated with LH (100 ng mL–1), oestradiol (E2; 1 × 10–8 M), prostaglandin (PG) E2 (1 × 10–6 M) and PGF2α (1 × 10–6 M) and the nitric oxide donor NONOate (1 × 10–4 M); these treatments lasted for 6 h for mRNA expression analysis and 24 h for protein expression analysis. On Days 6–10 of the oestrous cycle PGRAB (PGRAB; the entire PGRA mRNA sequence is common to the PGRB mRNA sequence) mRNA expression in endometrial slices was enhanced by E2 treatment (P < 0.001), whereas PGRB mRNA expression was increased by LH (P < 0.001), E2 (P < 0.05) and NONOate (P < 0.05) treatment. On Days 17–20, PGRAB mRNA expression increased after E2 (P < 0.001) and PGE2 (P < 0.05) treatment; PGRB mRNA expression was increased by PGE2 (P < 0.05) and PGF2α (P < 0.01) treatment, but decreased by LH (P < 0.05). On Days 6–10 protein levels of PGRA were stimulated by E2 (P < 0.01), whereas PGRB protein levels were increased by LH (P < 0.05) and E2 (P < 0.05). On Days 17–20 of the oestrous cycle, PGRA protein levels were enhanced by E2 (P < 0.05) and PGF2α (P < 0.05), whereas PGRB protein levels were stimulated by PGE2 (P < 0.05) and PGF2α (P < 0.001). These data suggest that luteotropic and luteolytic factors affect PGRA and PGRB mRNA and protein levels, and this may regulate the effects of progesterone on endometrial cells.
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PIOTROWSKA, Katarzyna K., Izabela WOCLAWEK-POTOCKA, Mamadou M. BAH, Mariusz K. PISKULA, Wojciech PILAWSKI, Aleksandra BOBER, and Dariusz J. SKARZYNSKI. "Phytoestrogens and Their Metabolites Inhibit the Sensitivity of the Bovine Corpus Luteum to Luteotropic Factors." Journal of Reproduction and Development 52, no. 1 (2006): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.17054.
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Priyanka, S., P. Jayaram, R. Sridaran, and R. Medhamurthy. "Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Dynamic Interplay between Luteotropic and Luteolytic Factors in the Regulation of Corpus Luteum Function in the Bonnet Monkey (Macaca radiata)." Endocrinology 150, no. 3 (November 6, 2008): 1473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0840.
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Although LH is essential for survival and function of the corpus luteum (CL) in higher primates, luteolysis occurs during nonfertile cycles without a discernible decrease in circulating LH levels. Using genome-wide expression analysis, several experiments were performed to examine the processes of luteolysis and rescue of luteal function in monkeys. Induced luteolysis with GnRH receptor antagonist (Cetrorelix) resulted in differential regulation of 3949 genes, whereas replacement with exogenous LH (Cetrorelix plus LH) led to regulation of 4434 genes (1563 down-regulation and 2871 up-regulation). A model system for prostaglandin (PG) F2α-induced luteolysis in the monkey was standardized and demonstrated that PGF2α regulated expression of 2290 genes in the CL. Analysis of the LH-regulated luteal transcriptome revealed that 120 genes were regulated in an antagonistic fashion by PGF2α. Based on the microarray data, 25 genes were selected for validation by real-time RT-PCR analysis, and expression of these genes was also examined in the CL throughout the luteal phase and from monkeys treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to mimic early pregnancy. The results indicated changes in expression of genes favorable to PGF2α action during the late to very late luteal phase, and expressions of many of these genes were regulated in an opposite manner by exogenous hCG treatment. Collectively, the findings suggest that curtailment of expression of downstream LH-target genes possibly through PGF2α action on the CL is among the mechanisms underlying cross talk between the luteotropic and luteolytic signaling pathways that result in the cessation of luteal function, but hCG is likely to abrogate the PGF2α-responsive gene expression changes resulting in luteal rescue crucial for the maintenance of early pregnancy. Results of genome-wide analyses suggest that curtailment of expression of LH target-genes through PGF2α action in corpus luteum involves cross talk between luteotropic and luteolytic signaling pathways.
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Kumar, Rohit, P. W. Ramteke, Amar Nath, R. Kumar Pramod, Satyendra P. Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma, and Sandeep Kumar. "Role of Candidate Genes Regulating Uterine Prostaglandins Biosynthesis for Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Domestic Animals." ISRN Physiology 2013 (May 19, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/854572.
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The survivability and opportunity of successful development of an embryo are influenced directly or indirectly by factors controlling uterine microenvironment. Out of all factors, hormones such as prostaglandins (PGs) released during the preimplantation period influence molecular interactions involved in maintenance of pregnancy through reciprocal interactions between the conceptus and endometrium. PGs are important regulators of female reproductive functions, namely, ovulation, uterine receptivity, implantation, and parturition. Among different classes of PGs, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are main prostanoids produced by human and bovine endometrium for successful growth and development of the posthatching blastocyst. In ruminants, PGF2α produced by endometrium is the major luteolytic agent, whereas PGE2 has luteoprotective and antiluteolytic properties. Therefore, the development and maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL), as well as establishment of pregnancy, depend on the balance of luteolytic PGF2α and luteotropic PGE2. In this review, we discussed the expression and function of genes which predominantly regulate the synthesis and their secretion of PGF2α and PGES, namely, PGFS (AKR1B5/AKR1C3), PGES, PGFR, and COX-2.
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Berisha, Bajram, Heike Kliem, Akio Miyamoto, Heinrich H. D. Meyer, and Dieter Schams. "Effect of Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) Administration on the Luteotropic and Angiogenic Factors During Functional Luteolysis in the Bovine Corpus Luteum." Biology of Reproduction 78, Suppl_1 (May 1, 2008): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.148.
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Berisha, Bajram, Heinrich H. D. Meyer, and Dieter Schams. "Effect of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha on Local Luteotropic and Angiogenic Factors During Induced Functional Luteolysis in the Bovine Corpus Luteum1." Biology of Reproduction 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.109.076752.
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Kowalik, Magdalena K., Karolina Dobrzyn, Jaroslaw Mlynarczuk, and Robert Rekawiecki. "Effect of Steroid Hormones, Prostaglandins (E2 and F2α), Oxytocin, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Membrane Progesterone (P4) Receptors Gene Expression in Bovine Myometrial Cells." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040519.
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Myometrium tissue shows the expression of non-genomic membrane progesterone (P4) receptors, such as progesterone receptor membrane components (PGRMC) 1 and 2 and membrane progestin receptors (mPR) alpha (mPRα), beta (mPRβ), and gamma (mPRγ). Their variable expression in the bovine uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy suggests that ovarian steroids and luteotropic and/or luteolytic factors may regulate the expression of these receptors in the myometrium. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of P4, estradiol (E2), P4 with E2, prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2α, oxytocin (OT), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on the gene expression of PGRMC1, PGRMC2, serpine-1 mRNA-binding protein (SERBP1), and mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ in bovine myometrial cells from days 6 to 10 and 11 to 16 of the estrous cycle. The PGE2 concentration and mRNA expression were determined by EIA and real-time PCR, respectively. The data indicated that P4 and E2 can affect the mRNA expression of all studied receptors and SERPB1. However, PGE2, OT, and TNFα could only modulate the expression of PGRMC1, PGRMC2, and SERPB1, respectively. Steroids/factors changed the expression of PGRMC and mPR genes depending on the dose, the stage of the estrous cycle, and the types of receptors. This suggests that the local hormonal milieu may influence the activity of these receptors and P4 action in myometrial cells during the estrous cycle.
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Lebedeva, I., O. Mityashova, A. Smekalova, E. Montvila, G. Singina, and A. Lopukhov. "172 Expression of proliferation and apoptosis markers in cumulus cells surrounding matured and aged oocytes exposed to luteotropic factors during the second phase of in vitro maturation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab172.
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The quality and developmental capacity of mammalian oocytes depends on cooperation with surrounding cumulus cells. The functional state and activity of cumulus cells changes with oocyte maturation, especially during the oocyte transition from metaphase I (MI) to metaphase II (MII) stage. In the present work, effects of 3 luteotropic factors, progesterone (P4), prolactin (PRL), and LH, during the second phase of in vitro maturation (IVM) on the subsequent expression of proliferation and apoptosis markers in bovine cumulus cells surrounding matured and aged oocytes were studied. A total of 1532 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were cultured for 12h in TCM-199 containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 10μg mL−1 porcine FSH, and 10μg mL−1 ovine LH at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Thereafter, COC were transferred to the following IVM systems: (1) TCM-199 containing 10% FCS (Control 1) and (2) a monolayer of granulosa cells (GC) precultured for 12h in TCM-199 containing 10% FCS (Control 2). In both systems, the medium of experimental groups was supplemented with either P4 (50 ng mL−1) or bovine PRL (50ng mL−1) or ovine LH (5μg mL−1); then, the COC were matured for next 12h. Half of the COC matured for 12h in both systems were cultured for an additional 24h in fresh TCM-199 containing 10% FCS to test long-term hormonal effects during oocyte aging. After culture, the cumulus expression of the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the pro-apoptotic markers caspase-3 and Bax was assessed by the immunocytochemical method. The data from 4 to 5 replicates using 84 to 106 COC per treatment were analysed by ANOVA. After IVM in System 1, the rate of PCNA-positive cumulus cells was higher (P<0.05) in the PRL-treated group (41.3±1.6%) than in the control (34.6±2.3%) or LH-treated group (29.9±2.9%), but did not differ from that in the P4-treated group (38.2±4.8%). In the presence of GC (System 2), the respective rates did not change but were more variable. Aging of COC matured in both systems led to a 1.4- to 1.9-fold reduction in the proportion of the cells containing the proliferation marker PCNA (P<0.05). Meanwhile, none of the hormones tested had any long-term effect on the proliferative activity of senescent cumulus cells. The rate of cumulus cells expressing caspase-3 in different groups varied from 48.5±4.9 to 53.8±5.8% and did not depend on the hormones, IVM system, or oocyte aging. The proportion of the Bax-positive cells was also unaffected by luteotropic factors but increased 1.4 to 1.6 times (P<0.01) following 24h of COC aging. Our findings indicate that PRL can exert a short-term stimulatory action on the proliferative activity of bovine cumulus cells in the course of the second phase of IVM. Meanwhile, the cumulus expression of pro-apoptotic markers caspase-3 and Bax is not responsive to P4, PRL, or LH during the second step of IVM. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 16-16-10069).
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Lebedeva, I. Yu, G. N. Singina, E. N. Shedova, A. V. Lopukhov, and O. S. Mityashova. "RESISTANCE OF BOVINE OOCYTES TO AGE-RELATED CHANGES AFTER EXPOSURE TO LUTEOTROPIC FACTORS DURING THE SECOND PHASE OF CULTURE TILL THE METAPHASE II STAGE." sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 53, no. 6 (December 2018): 1202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2018.6.1202eng.
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Korzekwa, Anna J., Mamadou M. Bah, Andrzej Kurzynowski, Karolina Lukasik, Agnieszka Groblewska, and Dariusz J. Skarzynski. "Leukotrienes modulate secretion of progesterone and prostaglandins during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cattle: an in vivo study." REPRODUCTION 140, no. 5 (November 2010): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0202.
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Recently, we showed that leukotrienes (LTs) regulate ovarian cell functionin vitro. The aim of this study was to examine the role of LTs in corpus luteum (CL) function during both the estrous cycle and early pregnancyin vivo. mRNA expression of LT receptors (BLTfor LTB4andCYSLTfor LTC4), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in CL tissue and their localization in the ovary were studied during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Moreover, concentrations of LTs (LTB4and C4) in the CL tissue and blood were measured.5-LOandBLTmRNA expression increased on days 16–18 of the cycle, whereasCYSLTmRNA expression increased on days 16–18 of the pregnancy. The level of LTB4was evaluated during pregnancy compared with the level of LTC4, which increased during CL regression. LT antagonists influenced the duration of the estrous cycle: the LTC4antagonist (azelastine) prolonged the luteal phase, whereas the LTB4antagonist (dapsone) caused earlier luteolysisin vivo. Dapsone decreased progesterone (P4) secretion and azelastine increased P4secretion during the estrous cycle. In summary, LT action in the bovine reproductive tract is dependent on LT type: LTB4is luteotropic during the estrous cycle and supports early pregnancy, whereas LTC4is luteolytic, regarded as undesirable in early pregnancy. LTs are produced/secreted in the CL tissue, influence prostaglandin function, and serve as important factors during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cattle.
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Hruzevskyi, O. A. "EFFECT OF HORMONAL REGULATION ON VAGINAL COLONIZATION RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL DYSBIOSIS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.31.
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The vaginal microbiota and the vaginal colonization resistance are considerably driven by hormonal changes; therefore, the relevance of investigating hormonal regulation indices in female individuals in health (normocenosis) and with dysbiosis of varying degrees is of undoubted clinical significance. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of hormonal regulation on the microbiota and vaginal colonization resistance in bacterial dysbiosis. 298 women were selected for the study; they were divided into the groups according to the opportunistic microflora index (OMI): OMI in the women with normocenosis was below -3 lg GE/sample (n = 53), OMI in the women with І-st degree dysbiosis ranged from -3 to -1 lg GE/sample (n = 128) and with ІІ-d degree dysbiosis exceeded -1 lg GE/sample (n = 117). The molecular genetic tests of epithelium scrapings from the posterolateral vaginal wall were performed by polymerase chain reaction (“DNA technology”, RF). Lactobacilli, facultative and obligate anaerobes, myco- and urepalasmas, and yeast-like fungi were quantified. By applying the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay there was determined the content of hormones in the blood serum: luteotropic, follicle-stimulating, prolactin, cortisol, progesterone (PG), estradiol (E2), testosterone (TS). The relationship of microbial biocenosis with the studied parameters was studied using the regression analysis (Statistica 10, StatSoft, Inc., USA). The hormonal indices in normocenosis had no relationship with the number of microorganisms, excluding the level of TS, which demonstrated negative correlation with CPMI. With the progression of dysbiosis, the E2 and PG content in the blood decreased and showed a reverse correlation with the growth of pathogenic microbiota, which reflected the insufficiency of hormonal mechanisms to maintain a constant normocenosis. Hyperprolactinemia and hypertestosteronemia were also found to have pathogenic values, which directly correlated with the growth of pathogenic microbiota. The decrease in blood cortisol level with II degree dysbiosis was associated with anaerobic growth of Atopobium vaginalis. The hormonal disorders correlated with a decrease in colonization resistance factors in the vaginal secretion, lysozyme and IL10, while increase in the pathogenic factor with the content of TGF-1β. Conclusions. The obtained results on the effects of hormonal regulation system on the microbial biocenosis indicators and local colonial resistance reflected the development of hormonal insufficiency with the progression of vaginal dysbiosis.
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Valikova, O. V., V. V. Zdor, and Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sarychev. "Gene polymorphism of IL6, DHCR7, VDR, CYP2R1, GC in polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune thyroiditis." Russian Journal of Immunology 24, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1056-gpo.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common pathology in women of reproductive age, leading to hyperandrogenism, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ovulation disorder and infertility. Etiopathogenesis of the disease is actively studied, but many of its mechanisms are unclear. The aim was to study the frequency of IL6 and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, blood contents of vitamin D in polycystic ovary syndrome combined with autoimmune thyroiditis.A total of 192 women were examined, the average age of the patients was 25.5±3.1 years; of these, 130 women had polycystic ovary syndrome. The patients were divided into 2 groups: with polycystic ovary syndrome combined with autoimmune thyroiditis (1st group) and olycystic ovary syndrome without autoimmune thyroid pathology (2nd group); 62 healthy women made up the control sample. The ELISA method was used to determine thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, vitamin D, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, luteotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone. Material for genetic studies was isolated from buccal cells. The typing was performed by PCR, and the following polymorphisms were tested: IL6 (rs1800795 SNP), vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (rs1544410), DHCR7 (rs12785878), GC (rs2282679), CYP2R1 (rs10741657). The results were as follows: polymorphism of IL6, VDR, DHCR7, GC, CYP2R1 genes was revealed in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in combination and without concomitant autoimmune thyroiditis. The lowest levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum were found in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune thyroiditis.Polymorphism of IL6 genes, vitamin D receptor, DHCR7, GC, CYP2R1 genes may aggravate the course of polycystic ovary syndrome and requires a more comprehensive study. When polycystic ovary syndrome was combined with autoimmune thyroiditis, the studied gene polymorphisms did not differ significantly from those in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome without autoimmune thyroiditis, thus suggesting greater significance of these genetic factors in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. However, more than a half of women with combined endocrine disorders had both homozygous and heterozygous variants of pathological IL6 gene carriage along with lowest vitamin D levels, which may significantly affect immune response and, hence, determine the development of both endocrine disorders.
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Johnson, M. R., A. A. Abbas, A. C. J. Allman, K. H. Nicolaides, and S. L. Lightman. "The regulation of plasma relaxin levels during human pregnancy." Journal of Endocrinology 142, no. 2 (August 1994): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1420261.
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Abstract The factors that determine the circulating levels of relaxin during pregnancy have been investigated by comparing the plasma levels of relaxin throughout pregnancy in women who became pregnant spontaneously (singleton, n=240) or following superovulation (singleton and multifetal pregnancies (two to ten conceptuses), n=83). Some of the women with multifetal pregnancies underwent selective fetal reduction to twin pregnancies. Relaxin levels were higher at 7–34 weeks of gestation in singleton pregnancies achieved following superovulation when compared with levels in spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies (P<0·05–0·001). In samples obtained between 10 and 12 weeks of gestation (before fetal reduction for the multifetal pregnancies), plasma relaxin levels correlated with fetal number (r=0·526, P=0·0001). Reduction in fetal number to a twin pregnancy did not alter relaxin levels. These data suggest that the circulating levels of relaxin throughout pregnancy are determined during the cycle of conception by gonadotrophin stimulation, and within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy by the luteotrophic stimulus from the conceptus. Furthermore, once corpus luteum synthesis of relaxin is established, then reduction in the luteotrophic stimulus does not appear to affect it. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 261–265
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Arioua, R. K., C. Féral, A. Benhaïm, B. Delarue, and P. Leymarie. "Luteotrophic factors in hyperstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit: I – Evidence for aromatase activity in luteal tissue and luteal cells." Journal of Endocrinology 154, no. 2 (August 1997): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1540249.
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Abstract It is well established that the rabbit corpus luteum (CL) function depends upon endogenous oestradiol, the major source of which in the rabbit ovary is considered to be the ovarian follicles. The absence of oestradiol formation by the rabbit CL has been previously reported. In a hyperstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit model used in our laboratory which developed a large number of corpora lutea in response to chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG)/hCG, we observed the survival of corpora lutea in vivo, and normal levels of plasma progesterone throughout pseudopregnancy (PP), despite the scarcity or the absence of follicles as a source of the luteotrophic hormone. Measurement of oestradiol in the plasma indicated that it was at high levels and correlated with the number of corpora lutea. This led us to investigate the luteal origin of oestradiol in this model. PP was induced in rabbits by i.m. injection of 200 IU eCG daily for 2 days followed on day 4 by i.m. injection of 200 IU hCG (day 0 of PP). Luteal tissue obtained at days 5, 9 and 12 of PP and cultured for 24 h synthesized oestradiol and testosterone in addition to progesterone. However, under the same conditions, follicles had limited capacity to secrete oestradiol. The presence of an aromatase activity in luteal tissue was confirmed when exogenous testosterone was added to the culture medium. P450aromatase (P450arom) mRNA was found in luteal tissue at days 5, 9 and 12 of PP. Small or large luteal cells, obtained by enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient, were cultured during several days with or without gonadotrophin or dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). Both types of cells secreted oestradiol. In small cells and luteal tissue, aromatase activity was stimulated (1·5–2-fold) by hCG and dbcAMP. Large cells exhibited a greater capacity to aromatize testosterone than small cells, but aromatase activity was not modified by hCG or by dbcAMP. FSH had no effect on aromatase activity of either luteal cell type. This intrinsic luteal tissue aromatase capacity and the absence of premature regression of corpora lutea despite the limited support of follicular oestrogen, suggest an autocrine and luteotrophic role for this luteal oestrogen. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 249–257
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Arioua, R. K., A. Benhaïm, C. Féral, and P. Leymarie. "Luteotrophic factors in hyperstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit: II – High sensitivity to hCG of luteal tissue and small luteal cells." Journal of Endocrinology 154, no. 2 (August 1997): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1540259.
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Abstract Previous studies on rabbit corpus luteum (CL) led to the conclusion that the luteotrophic complex, in rabbit, may include LH as well as oestradiol for normal luteal function. However, the requirement for LH is controversial. We have recently demonstrated the existence of a human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-stimulated aromatase activity in cultured corpora lutea from a hyperstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit model, which develops a large number of corpora lutea, with only a few or no follicles in the ovaries. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro responsiveness to hCG, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and oestradiol of those corpora lutea. Pseudopregnancy (PP) was induced in rabbits by i.m. injection of 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin daily for 2 days followed on day 4 by i.m. injection of 200 IU hCG (day 0 of PP). Luteal tissue and small and large luteal cells obtained at days 5 and 9 of PP were cultured for 24 h or during several days respectively with or without hCG, dbcAMP or oestradiol. Basal progesterone secretion was 3·6- and 22-fold higher in large cells compared with small ones at day 5 and 9 of PP respectively. When stimulated by small doses of hCG, luteal tissue responded by a 5-fold increase in progesterone secretion. Small cells produced four times higher amounts of progesterone than controls in the presence of 1 mIU/ml hCG and more than ten times in the presence of 0·1 IU/ml hCG, whereas large cells were insensitive to hCG stimulation. dbcAMP mimicked the effect of hCG on progesterone secretion by luteal tissue and luteal cells and oestradiol stimulated basal progesterone secretion in both small and large luteal cells. Given the large contribution of non stimulated large cells to luteal progesterone production and the remarkably high sensitivity of luteal tissue to gonadotrophin in vitro it seems that interactions between the two types of cells might occur during LH stimulation. Our results suggest that LH could participate in the luteotrophic complex at least in part through the stimulation of endogenous oestradiol production by luteal cells. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 259–265
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Cigánková, Eliška, Roman Vitásek, and Klára Jelínková. "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a bitch caused by recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin treatment of suspected luteal insufficiency – a case report." Acta Veterinaria Brno 91, no. 2 (2022): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202291020209.
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Two bitches with a history of hypoluteoidism were treated by recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (r-hCG) in repeated doses during early dioestrus. The level of progesterone increased, but the therapy led to hyperstimulation of the ovaries which resulted in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), with subsequent development of oestrogen toxicity. This is the first case documenting OHSS in a canine after administration of r-hCG. Although manifested during dioestrus in our case report, the occurrence of OHSS is associated with similar administration of r-hCG to women. The described use of r-hCG is not appropriate for luteal insufficiency treatment, but seems to have a place in assisted reproduction technology because of its surprising effects. Further research of luteotrophic factors in bitches is warranted because of these unpredictable results. Lower doses and frequency of administration need to be considered for a better outcome.
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Khan, T. H., N. F. G. Beck, and M. Khalid. "Comparison of luteal function between ewe lambs and ewes during breeding and non breeding season." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598366.
Full textAbstract:
Reproductive performance of ewe lambs is lower than that of adult ewes (Quirke. 1979). This is mainly the result of preimplantation losses which can exceed 50% in ewe lambs as compared with 20-30% in ewes (Quirke et al.,1981). Previous evidence from this laboratory suggests that these losses may be associated with inadequate luteal function in ewe lambs (Davies and Beck, 1993). Inadequate luteal function may not only delay the embryo development but also impair the ability of the embryo to communicate its presence to the maternal system. There is also a possibility that inadequate corpora lutea may be refractory to luteotrophic factors produced by the developing embryo. The present study was designed to investigate whether the luteal function varies between ewe lambs and ewes. Another objective of this study was to compare the luteal response to hCG challenge between ewe lambs and ewes and its variation with season.
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Khan, T. H., N. F. G. Beck, and M. Khalid. "Comparison of luteal function between ewe lambs and ewes during breeding and non breeding season." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033973.
Full textAbstract:
Reproductive performance of ewe lambs is lower than that of adult ewes (Quirke. 1979). This is mainly the result of preimplantation losses which can exceed 50% in ewe lambs as compared with 20-30% in ewes (Quirke et al.,1981). Previous evidence from this laboratory suggests that these losses may be associated with inadequate luteal function in ewe lambs (Davies and Beck, 1993). Inadequate luteal function may not only delay the embryo development but also impair the ability of the embryo to communicate its presence to the maternal system. There is also a possibility that inadequate corpora lutea may be refractory to luteotrophic factors produced by the developing embryo. The present study was designed to investigate whether the luteal function varies between ewe lambs and ewes. Another objective of this study was to compare the luteal response to hCG challenge between ewe lambs and ewes and its variation with season.
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Hapon, María Belén, Alicia B. Motta, Marcelo Ezquer, Melisa Bonafede, and Graciela A. Jahn. "Hypothyroidism prolongs corpus luteum function in the pregnant rat." Reproduction 133, no. 1 (January 2007): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0035.
Full textAbstract:
It has been shown that hypothyroidism in the rat produces a prolongation of pregnancy associated with a delay in the fall of circulating progesterone (P4) at term. The aim of the present work is to determine whether the delayed P4decline in hypothyroid mother rats is due to a retarded induction of P4degradation to 20αOH P4or to a stimulation of its synthesis, and to investigate the possible mechanisms that may underlie the altered luteal function. We determined by RIA the circulating profile of the hormones (TSH, PRL, LH, P4, PGF2α, and PGE2) involved in luteal regulation at the end of pregnancy and, by semiquantitative RT-PCR, the expression of factors involved in P4synthesis (CytP450scc, StAR, 3βHSD, PRLR) and metabolism (20αHSD, PGF2αR, iNOS and COX2). Our results show that the delay in P4decline and parturition is the resultant of retarded luteal regression, caused by a combination of decreases in luteolytic factors, mainly luteal PGF2α, iNOS mRNA expression and also circulating LH, and increased synthesis or action of luteotrophic factors, such as luteal and circulating PGE2 and circulating PRL. All these changes may be direct causes of the decreased 20αHSD mRNA and protein (measured by western blot analysis) expression, which in the presence of unchanged expression of the factors involved in P4synthesis results in elevated luteal and circulating P4that prolonged pregnancy and also may favor longer survival of the corpus luteum.
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Hinds, LA. "Control of pregnancy, parturition and luteolysis in marsupials." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 2, no. 5 (1990): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9900535.
Full textAbstract:
In most eutherian species the function of the corpus luteum (CL) is influenced by extrinsic factors and it is subordinate to the pituitary, placenta, or uterus. In contrast, in marsupials the CL is relatively autonomous. Although the pituitary is essential for the formation of the CL, thereafter the secretory activity of the CL is independent of luteotrophic support, and the uterus is not luteolytic. Furthermore, the life span of the CL is unaffected by pregnancy, except in the Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies), in which the secretory activity of the CL is shortened under the influence of the fetus. At parturition the macropodid fetus, possibly via a release of glucocorticoids, causes the release of prostaglandins, presumed to be of uterine origin. The effect of the prostaglandin is to induce the release of prolactin from the maternal pituitary. Prolactin, and not prostaglandin, induces luteolysis and advances the events of post-partum oestrus. In the non-pregnant cycle, the mechanism of luteolysis is different; it does not involve prolactin, and the luteolytic signal is of non-uterine, possibly intrinsic, origin.
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Jalali, B. M., K. K. Piotrowska-Tomala, K. Lukasik, A. W. Jonczyk, K. Jankowska, P. Kordowitzki, and D. J. Skarzynskia. "Determination Whether Supplemental Application of Luteotrophic Factors (Prostaglandin E2 and Chorion Gonadotropin) Support Equine Corpus Luteum Function: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 66 (July 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.177.
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Wallace, J. M., R. P. Aitken, and M. A. Cheyne. "Post-ovulation nutritional status in ewes does not influence early conceptus development in vivo or luteotrophic protein secretion in vitro." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023850.
Full textAbstract:
Overfeeding during early pregnancy compromises pregnancy establishment and /or embryo survival in a variety of domestic species including sheep, cattle and pigs (reviewed by Robinson, 1990). Embryo survival was reduced in recipient ewes receiving a high as opposed to a low plane of nutrition from embryo transfer on day 5 post-ovulation to day 60 of gestation (McKelvey & Robinson, 1988).Similarly high plane feeding for only 12 days starting on day 2 after mating significantly reduced pregnancy rates at day 60 ( Parr et al .,1987). Although not extensively monitored in either study, peripheral progesterone concentrations were inversely correlated with feed intake. Indeed, the reduction in pregnancy rate in high plane ewes in Parr's study was reversed by progesterone supplementation on days 8-14 after mating.The inhibition of luteolysis and maintenance of adequate progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum is central to the maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep ( Bazer et al .,1991 ). Progesterone plays a major role in controlling maternal secretion of nutrients, growth factors , immunosuppressive agents .enzymes and steroids required for successful embryo development. It seems likely therefor that the mechanisms underlying nutritionally induced differences in pregnancy rate and embryo survival may operate via changes in progesterone levels which in turn alter the secretory dialogue between the conceptus and its maternal environment.
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Galvão, António, Angela Tramontano, Maria Rosa Rebordão, Ana Amaral, Pedro Pinto Bravo, Anna Szóstek, Dariusz Skarzynski, Antonio Mollo, and Graça Ferreira-Dias. "Opposing Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in the Equine Corpus Luteum Regulation: AnIn VitroStudy." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/682193.
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Metabolic hormones have been associated with reproductive function modulation. Thus, the aim of this study was: (i) to characterize the immunolocalization, mRNA and protein levels of leptin (LEP), Ghrelin (GHR) and respective receptors LEPR and Ghr-R1A, throughout luteal phase; and (ii) to evaluate the role of LEP and GHR on progesterone (P4), prostaglandin (PG) E2and PGF2α, nitric oxide (nitrite), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and on angiogenic activity (BAEC proliferation), in equine corpus luteum (CL) from early and mid-luteal stages. LEPR expression was decreased in late CL, while GHR/Ghr-R1A system was increased in the same stage. Regarding secretory activity, GHR decreased P4in early CL, but increased PGF2α, nitrite and TNF in mid CL. Conversely, LEP increased P4, PGE2, angiogenic activity, MIF, TNF and nitrite during early CL, in a dose-dependent manner. Thein vitroeffect of LEP on secretory activity was reverted by GHR, when both factors acted together. The present results evidence the presence of LEP and GHR systems in the equine CL. Moreover, we suggest that LEP and GHR play opposing roles in equine CL regulation, with LEP supporting luteal establishment and GHR promoting luteal regression. Finally, a dose-dependent luteotrophic effect of LEP was demonstrated.
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Spasov, Mire, and Verica Spasova. "THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERPROLACТINEMIA ON THE LEVEL OF FSH AND LH IN WOMEN." Teacher of the future 31, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3104911s.
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Prolactin as a hormone secreted by lactotrophs of the adenocyphosis primarily affects lactation in mammals, that is, on the production of milk (lactogenesis), the development and branching of the milk channels (mamogenesis) and the removal of milk through the nipples (galactopoezis). Other significant biological effects of prolactin include maintaining the internal homeostasis of the organism acting as an osmoregulatory hormone, as an luteotrophic hormone and has an immunological role in the body. Excretion of prolactin is regulated by the action of prolactin stimulating and prolactin inhibiting factors of the hypothalamus. By maintaining a balance in the excretion of these factors, the level of concentration of prolactin in the serum is in normal reference values. Disturbance in the excretion of dopamine as the strongest prolactin secretion inhibitor increases the level of prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinaemia, in which all hormones important for the normal menstrual cycle are inhibited, leading to reduced production of ovarian follicles and ovarian steroids, anovulation and sterility in women. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of prolactin in a group of patients with established hyperprolactinaemia in relation to the control group of patients and determining the level of gonadotrophic hormones FSH and LH in hyperprolactinemic patients in relation to the control group. The aim was also to see the effect of Bromergon or Dostinex in hyperprolactinemic patients on the level of FSH and LH after receiving the therapy. Patients aged 25 to 35 years with pre-diagnosed hyperprolactinaemia were examined. Prolactin, FSH and LH were examined from the parameters. Patients were divided into three groups, a control group of patients, a group of patients with diagnosed hyperprolactinaemia, and a group of patients treated with Bromergon or Dostinex. From the results obtained, it became clear that in the control group of patients, the levels of prolactin, FSH and LH were in normal reference values. In the hyperprolactinemic patients, prolactin has been significantly increased, but after the dose of Dostinex or Bromergon in the treated group, the level of prolactin significantly decreases to values close to the control group. It was noted that the concentration of FSH in hyperprolactinemic patients was lower in relation to the concentration of FSH in the control group, and the serum FSH level in patients treated with antiprolactin therapy was increased to a level higher than the concentration of FSH in the control group.The level of LH in the serum from hyperprolactinemic patients is less than LH level in the control group, but to a lesser extent compared to the level of FSH under the same conditions. In the treatment of patients with antiprolactin therapy there is an increase in serum concentrations of LH with values significantly higher than the control group.
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Cardoso, A. P., R. Silva, F. Garcia, I. C. Giometti, and P. Papa. "135 NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ROLE OF 17β-ESTRADIOL IN CORPUS LUTEUM LIFESPAN OF NON-PREGNANT BITCHES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab135.
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Canine corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland responsible for the synthesis of 17β-oestradiol (E2) during diestrus and acts in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner within this structure. The mechanism of action of E2 depends on the expression ratio of its receptors ERa and ERβ. Binding to ERa has a proliferative effect and to ERβ an antiproliferative effect. The aim of this study was to better understand the possible signalling pathways mediated by ESR1 and ESR2 in the formation and regression of canine corpus luteum. The CL were collected via ovariosalpingohysterectomy from nonpregnant bitches (n = 30) on Days 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 (n = 5/group) post-ovulation. Eighteen CL (n = 3/group) were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes during diestrus because 3 replicates per group is the minimum number required to obtain good results in the sequencing. The DE genes were submitted to oPOSSUM 3 software (http://opossum.cisreg.ca/oPOSSUM3/) for detection of over-represented conserved transcription binding sites (TFBS) related to ESR1 and ESR2 (coding genes for ERa and ERβ, respectively). We validated the expression from 10 of these genes by RT-PCR using GAPDH as the reference gene. Protein expression of the IGF-related genes was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The RNAseq results were analysed by Cufflinks. Data were tested for homogeneity and normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The RT-PCR data were compared by the one-way ANOVA test. The correlations between the RNAseq and RT-PCR results were verified by Pearson correlation. The difference was considered significant when P < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed with GraphPadPrism 5 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Differential gene expression analysis among groups during the luteal phase showed the presence of 5116 DE genes in at least one comparison, and 1106 genes that have not been recorded to the canine genome yet. Among all DE genes, we found 295 genes showing TFBS related to ESR1 and ESR2. Of these genes, 4 that had TFBS in common with ESR2 (LEF-1, PAPPA, NDGR2, and ATP1A1) and 1 with ESR1 (CAV1) were selected for validation, and the other 5 genes were chosen because they control cell proliferation (CTNNB1, CCND1, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5). The selected genes belonged to IGF system-related genes (PAPPA, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5), Wnt/betacatenin signalling (CTNNB1, LEF-1, and CCND1), and genes regulated by oestrogen hormones (NDRG2 and ATP1A1) and plasma membrane ER (CAV1). The results suggest that during the first half of diestrus, E2 signalling appears to be mediated by ERa via interaction with caveolin-1 (non-genomic pathways): IGF system and Wnt/β-catenin signalling were identified as one of the cascades activated by this interaction, with a major role in the proliferative process. During the second half of diestrus, ERβ appears to regulate NDGR2 and ATP1A1 gene expression, contributing to the regression of the CL. Therefore, the results suggest that E2 might activate both luteotrophic and regression-related factors in canine CL.
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Piotrowska-Tomala, Katarzyna K., Agnieszka W. Jonczyk, Anna Z. Szóstek-Mioduchowska, Ewelina Żebrowska, Graca Ferreira-Dias, and Dariusz J. Skarzynski. "The Effects of Prostaglandin E2 Treatment on the Secretory Function of Mare Corpus Luteum Depends on the Site of Application: An in vivo Study." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (February 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.753796.
Full textAbstract:
We examined the effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on the secretory function of equine corpus luteum (CL), according to the application site: intra-CL injection vs. an intrauterine (intra-U) administration. Moreover, the effect of intra-CL injection vs. intra-U administration of both luteotropic factors: PGE2 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a positive control, on CL function was additionally compared. Mares were assigned to the groups (n = 6 per group): (1) an intra-CL saline injection (control); (2) an intra-CL injection of PGE2 (5 mg/ml); (3) an intra-CL injection of hCG (1,500 IU/ml); (4) an intra-U saline administration (control); (5) an intra-U administration of PGE2 (5 mg/5 ml); (6) an intra-U administration of hCG (1,500 IU/5 ml). Progesterone (P4) and PGE2 concentrations were measured in blood plasma samples collected at −2, −1, and 0 (pre-treatment), and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after treatments. Moreover, effects of different doses of PGE2 application on the concentration of total PGF2α (PGF2α and its main metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α– PGFM) was determined. The time point of PGE2, hCG, or saline administration was defined as hour “0” of the experiment. An intra-CL injection of PGE2 increased P4 and PGE2 concentrations between 3 and 4 h or at 3 and 12 h, respectively (p < 0.05). While intra-U administration of PGE2 elevated P4 concentrations between 8 and 24 h, PGE2 was upregulated at 1 h and between 3 and 4 h (p < 0.05). An intra-CL injection of hCG increased P4 concentrations at 1, 6, and 12 h (p < 0.05), while its intra-U administration enhanced P4 and PGE2 concentrations between 1 and 12 h or at 3 h and between 6 and 10 h, respectively (p < 0.05). An application of PGE2, dependently on the dose, supports equine CL function, regardless of the application site, consequently leading to differences in both P4 and PGE2 concentrations in blood plasma.