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Mulenga, Mukuka Mpundu, and Anders Roos. "Assessing the awareness and adoptability of pellet cookstoves for low-income households in Lusaka, Zambia." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i3a11463.
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Wood fuel, charcoal, and firewood comprise over 70 percent of the national energy consumption in Zambia, as only about 25 percent of the population has access to electricity. Replacing charcoal braziers with cookstoves using sawdust pellets can support sustainable energy provision in urban Zambia while reducing deforestation on the countryside. However, acceptability of pellet cookstoves remains low, while the demand for wood fuel is increasing. The study investigated the acceptability of pellet cookstoves, in view of governmental policies, in the Matero-George compound, Lusaka. Qualitative approaches were applied, and respondents were households, and officers at the Departments of Energy and Forestry, and at Lusaka City Council. Factors shaping the stoves’ acceptability included their convenience, possibility of reusing pellets, their long-term cost advantages, and the perceived health benefits of pellets. The barriers included limited supply of pellets, combustible pellet cookstoves, stove size, maintenance costs, cooking traditions, and government policies for dissemination, sensitisation, and communication about pellet stoves. This study demonstrated that implementation of pellet cookstoves at the local level depends on a multitude of contextual factors, and confirms the need for relevant policy instruments if such energy consumption is to be accepted.
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Simukonda, K., R. Farmani, and D. Butler. "Causes of intermittent water supply in Lusaka City, Zambia." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.046.
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Abstract Water supply systems that operate intermittently rather than continuously are highly complex. This arises from the interaction of large numbers of internal and external factors that produce major consequences for system operation and management. Handling these problems requires understanding, and to some extent eliminating, their causes. In this paper, Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company, Zambia, is used as a case study that shows how poor governance, demographic and economic dynamics, hydrologic regime change, poor system management and operation, unplanned system extensions, limited skilled manpower, poor electricity supply and lack of customer awareness all contribute to sustaining intermittent water supply. Interdisciplinary approaches are recommended to explore interplays between governance, climate change and technical factors when developing solutions to intermittent supplies.
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Hampwaye, Godfrey. "Local Economic Development in the City of Lusaka, Zambia." Urban Forum 19, no. 2 (February 12, 2008): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-008-9027-8.
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Hampwaye, Godfrey, Etienne Nel, and Christian M. Rogerson. "Urban Agriculture as Local Initiative in Lusaka, Zambia." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c7p.
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The topic of urban agriculture has, for a significant period of time, been recognized as a key facet of urban survival in the cities in the South. While it normally forms part of multilivelihood strategies and its overall significance is the subject of some debate, it nonetheless is an important feature of both urban landscapes and urban survival. This paper examines the current status quo of urban agriculture in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Structural adjustment and downscaling of the key copper mining sector seems to have forced more people into various informal survival strategies, including urban agriculture. Despite the apparent growing significance of urban agriculture, as illustrated by significant recent vegetation clearances around the city, official policy remains ambivalent and it has not been adequately supported or catered for in urban planning. While it remains officially illegal, controls are seldom enforced and urban farmers persist with what is a key household survival strategy under trying circumstances.
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Lupale, Mubanga, and Godfrey Hampwaye. "Inclusiveness of Urban Land Administration in the City of Lusaka, Zambia." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 46, no. 46 (December 20, 2019): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0034.
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AbstractMany cities in developing countries are experiencing urbanization characterised by the continu-ous proliferation of informal settlements. In the City of Lusaka over 70 percent of residents live in informal settlements. The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of how inclusive land administration is in the City of Lusaka using the perspective of good governance principles. The sample comprised 10 key informants purposively selected from government institutions/ civil society organisations and 60 respondents conveniently drawn from informal settlements. The findings were analysed thematically and using descriptive statistics. The findings show that there is need to create policies and legislation that assists in developing viable, liveable and inclusive townships. Most indicators of the five good governance principles recorded negative responses of at least 60 per cent. Formal urban land development arrangements in the city have not been able to cope with the demands of the majority of urban residents. The study suggests that land and housing policies be revised to serve a broader purpose beyond the provision of shelter in order to suit the dynamic and contemporary needs of specific societies. Further re-search is needed on tenure responsive land use planning in order to understand existing commu-nity dynamics (economic and social support networks) and implement practical changes for tackling informality if Zambian cities and communities are to be sustainable and resilient.
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Resnick, Danielle. "In the shadow of the city: Africa's urban poor in opposition strongholds." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 1 (February 11, 2011): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000686.
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ABSTRACTSub-Saharan Africa is the fastest urbanising region of the world. This demographic transformation has occurred in concert with two other trends in the region, nascent democratisation and stalled decentralisation. Using the case of Lusaka, Zambia, this study argues that in the context of multi-party competition and limited fiscal decentralisation, the challenges posed by rapid urbanisation are exacerbated for the urban poor living in cities controlled by opposition parties. Semi-structured interviews conducted with local political actors are combined with a survey of 200 informal sector workers in Lusaka. This data reveals the tactics employed by the central government to weaken the popularity of the opposition in Lusaka and shows that from the viewpoint of the urban poor, such tactics ultimately prove counterproductive. The presence of similar dynamics in other African cities has important implications for aid modalities, such as budget support, that are currently used by international donors to fund development projects, including those in the urban sector.
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Ireland, Jerry M. "African Traditional Religion and Pentecostal Churches in Lusaka, Zambia: An Assessment." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 21, no. 2 (2012): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455251-02102006.
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This study seeks to discover how African Traditional Religion (ATR) is viewed by Pentecostal church leaders in Lusaka, Zambia. The convenience sample focused on fourteen Pentecostal churches of various denominational affiliations within the city of Lusaka, Zambia. A thirty-one-item survey tool, the Assessment of Traditional Religious Practices (ATRP), was developed and administered to 128 leaders regarding the prevalence of traditional religious practices among their congregants. The ATRP also assessed how these leaders typically respond to concerns related to ATR within their ministerial context. Findings indicated that traditional beliefs and practices continue to persist, though at nominal levels, within these churches. More importantly, a majority of these leaders feel adequately equipped to handle issues related to ATR because they understand their ministerial calling in terms of spiritual empowerment. The study concludes that the challenges presented by ATR regarding Christian discipleship continue to persist in local Pentecostal churches. However, leaders have employed a practical theological understanding of Pentecostalism, allowing them to overcome many of these same challenges.
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Hansen, Karen Tranberg. "Gender and housing: the case of domestic service in Lusaka, Zambia." Africa 62, no. 2 (April 1992): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160457.
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AbstractLusaka is a city originally designed and built for European residents, to meet European needs and comforts. In the colonial period the African residents were either domestic servants living within European households’ compounds or were other contracted wage-labourers who were confined to the areas of south-western Lusaka specifically allocated to them. Europeans preferred male domestic help; women and children living at close quarters were thought to be potentially disruptive and were therefore discouraged from moving into the towns. A gender division between town and country was created; so too were cultural assumptions about gender, housing and employment, assumptions still widely held today.Pressure to find waged employment in Zambia has increased, and as a result the population of Lusaka is growing rapidly and shelter is in increasingly short supply. The article argues that domestic employment is still the largest single segment of the urban wage-labouring population. The historically constructed cultural assumptions about gender and housing have led to differential access to housing for men and women. Now that more and more women are seeking waged employment, the article uses their relation to domestic employment as an instance through which to explore the wider position of women in Zambia, and to initiate, it is hoped, some gender awareness in Zambian housing policy.
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Umar, Bridget Bwalya, and Chibuye Florence Kunda-Wamuwi. "Socio-Economic Effects of Load Shedding on Poor Urban Households and Small Business Enterprises in Lusaka, Zambia." Energy and Environment Research 9, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v9n2p20.
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Zambia has in the recent past witnessed an increase in economic activities which has led to an increased energy demand. This increased demand for energy has overshot the hydroelectric power generating capacity. Consequently, the national power utility company, the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO) instituted nationwide load shedding schedules that last up to 12 hours daily. This development has potentially far reaching social and economic effects on the lives and operations of poor urban residents and small scale business enterprises (SMEs) that routinely depend on stable access to electricity. With a focus on two low income residential areas, namely Ng’ombe and Kalingalinga residential areas, this study explored how residents and SMEs of the capital city, Lusaka have been affected by the recent spate of load shedding in the city. A total of 200 households and 14 SMEs from Ng’ombe and Kalingalinga were interviewed. Results show that load shedding, which occurs daily in the two study sites has caused massive disruptions to the daily lives and operations of the households and small businesses respectively. Over time, the load shedding phenomena has gotten worse and become a major political issue, reflecting the hardships for households and businesses in Zambia. On this basis, this study recommends that the government provides subsidies on alternative energy appliances such as portable diesel solar generators for small business enterprises and more favourable electric tariff rates for business that shift their manufacturing activities to night time so as to reduce demand for electricity during peak periods.
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Stringer, Jeffrey SA, Moses Sinkala, Courtney C. Maclean, Jens Levy, Chipepo Kankasa, Alain DeGroot, Elizabeth M. Stringer, Edward P. Acosta, Robert L. Goldenberg, and Sten H. Vermund. "Effectiveness of a city-wide program to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Lusaka, Zambia." AIDS 19, no. 12 (August 2005): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000180102.88511.7d.
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Kalubula, Maybin. "Epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia, 2007 - 2014." Malawi Medical Journal 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v32i2.4.
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BackgroundKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most prevalent HIV and AIDS-associated cancer in the world. Zambia has been considered as part of the “KS belt”, where endemic KS has been prevalent. This study, therefore, aimed to present the descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia from 2007 – 2014.MethodsWe conducted the descriptive epidemiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambia nested on two data sources; the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) data, and population-based HIV data from the Zambia National AIDS Council (NAC). Central Statistics Office (CSO) demographic data were used to determine the prevalence and annual incidence of KS. KS sample was 2521while HIV data from NAC were already population-based (HIV impact assessment survey). We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 in graphical computation and statistical analyses.ResultsBoth HIV and KS were highly prevalent in Lusaka, Central, and Southern provinces. ART coverage ranged from 40% - 60%; HIV prevalence was 14.9% in females and 9.5% in males while KS prevalence was 13/100,000 in females and 21/100,000 in males. HIV prevalence was associated with KS prevalence with r = 0.827 and a p-value of 0.001 in males, and r = 0.898 with a p-value of 0.000 in females. There were 61% confirmed HIV seropositive KS, 18% confirmed HIV seronegative KS and 21% unknown HIV status KS.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of KS in Zambia is as a result of the high prevalence of HIV. The identified two key interventions for the reduction of KS morbidity are; reducing HIV infection rate and improving ART coverage across the country.
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C., Beauty, and Thomas K.T. "Disciplinary Procedures, Employee Punctuality and Employee Performance at Ndola City Council (Zambia)." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 4, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-lafoqgop.
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The purpose of the research was to assess the effect of disciplinary procedures on employee punctuality and performance at Ndola City Council. The research questions were: What is the relationship between disciplinary procedures, employee punctuality and performance? How have the institution’s disciplinary procedures influenced employees on their punctuality? In what ways have the institution’s disciplinary procedures influence employees’ performance? Four hypotheses, i.e., disciplinary procedures positively affect employee performance; disciplinary procedures positively affect employee punctuality; employee punctuality positively affects employee performance; disciplinary procedures and employee performance was moderated by employee punctuality were tested. The hypothesis, disciplinary procedures positively affect employee performance was supported. It was concluded that factors including organizational culture, public institutional entity, and delayed payment of employees’ motivational remunerations could possibly affect employee performance, hence punctuality not being a moderator. The main recommendation was that management should review issues related to organizational culture in relation to punctuality to improve performance.
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Bright, Suzanna, and Chisomo Selemani. "The Development of Speech-Language Pathology in Zambia: A Reflection on the Current Landscape and Two Contrasting Training Models." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 17 (January 2017): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig17.63.
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Functional approaches to disability measurement in Zambia reveals an overall disability prevalence rate of 13.4%, 4% of whom are recorded as having “speech impairment” (Zambia Federation of the Disabled [ZAFOD], 2006). Further, multidimensional poverty assessments indicate that 48.6% of Zambia's approximately 16 million citizens are impoverished. Currently, there are three internationally qualified speech-language pathologists (SLPs) providing services within Zambia's capital city, Lusaka. Given these statistics, it follows that a significant number of Zambian's, experiencing communication disability, are unable to access specialist assessment and support. Over the past decade, Zambia has seen two very different approaches to address this service gap—firstly, a larger scale top-down approach through the implementation of a formal master's degree program and more recently a smaller scale, bottom-up approach, building the capacity of existing professionals working in the field of communication disability. This article provides an overview of both programs and the context, unique to Zambia, in which they have developed. Authors describe the implementation challenges encountered and program successes leading to a discussion of the weakness and merits to both programs, in an attempt to draw lessons from which future efforts to support communication disability and SLP service development in Majority World contexts may benefit.
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Mildnerová, Kateřina. "Negotiation of Legitimacy of Witch-Finders in Lusaka." Ethnologia Actualis 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eas-2018-0004.
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Abstract The article aims at legal and illegal activities of Lusaka´s traditional healers within the system of traditional medicine which is primarily anchored in the constitution of traditional healers´ associations. It primarily focuses on witch-finders, whose social status, professional position and authority is constantly negotiated within the formal and informal sector of traditional medicine. Since the late 1990s, the quest for services of traditional healers specialised in witch-finding has gained popularity, particularly amongst the impoverished Lusaka compound-dwellers. Due to the increasing public violence against those denoted as witches, the activities of witch-finders were officially banned by the Witchcraft Act in 1995 and this profession is not officially recognised by the Constitution of Traditional Health Practitioners Association of Zambia (THAPAZ). In spite of the prohibition, there remain many witch-finders in Lusaka who practise witch-finding secretly, in order not to commit an offence they do not openly denounce the name of an alleged witch. Their authority and credibility is threatened by many “official” as well as “unofficial” competitors in the city and it must be constantly reaffirmed and negotiated by introducing innovations. The ability to keep clients and to gain a good reputation thus depends on the originality of their diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. At the same time witch-finders must counter diverse obstacles and uncertainties resulting from their illegal status within the sector of traditional medicine. The author analyses tactics that Lusaka´s witch-finders have developed and employed to negotiate their social status, credibility and authority visà-vis the competition from the “official” traditional healers.
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Simwanda, Matamyo, and Yuji Murayama. "Integrating Geospatial Techniques for Urban Land Use Classification in the Developing Sub-Saharan African City of Lusaka, Zambia." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102.
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Simwanda, Matamyo, Yuji Murayama, Darius Phiri, Vincent R. Nyirenda, and Manjula Ranagalage. "Simulating Scenarios of Future Intra-Urban Land-Use Expansion Based on the Neural Network–Markov Model: A Case Study of Lusaka, Zambia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050942.
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Forecasting scenarios of future intra-urban land-use (intra-urban-LU) expansion can help to curb the historically unplanned urbanization in cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and promote urban sustainability. In this study, we applied the neural network–Markov model to simulate scenarios of future intra-urban-LU expansion in Lusaka city, Zambia. Data derived from remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques including urban-LU maps (from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015) and selected driver variables, were used to calibrate and validate the model. We then simulated urban-LU expansion for three scenarios (business as usual/status quo, environmental conservation and protection, and strategic urban planning) to explore alternatives for attaining urban sustainability by 2030. The results revealed that Lusaka had experienced rapid urban expansion dominated by informal settlements. Scenario analysis results suggest that a business-as-usual setup is perilous, as it signals an escalating problem of unplanned settlements. The environmental conservation and protection scenario is insufficient, as most of the green spaces and forests have been depleted. The strategic urban planning scenario has the potential for attaining urban sustainability, as it predicts sufficient control of unplanned settlement expansion and protection of green spaces and forests. The study proffers guidance for strategic policy directions and creating a planning vision.
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Jain, Niraj, Roy A. Chileshe, Francis M. Muwowo, and Mambwe Mwewa. "Perception Effects of High Voltage Transmission (HVT) Lines on Residential Property Values: Cases of Chalala, Libala South and Kamwala South Areas of Lusaka City-Zambia." Real Estate Management and Valuation 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2019-0023.
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Abstract Although several recent studies have shown how high voltage transmission (HVT) lines affect property values, no work has been undertaken in Zambia. This paper explores if there is a prima facie relationship between HVT lines and residential property values in Zambia. A priori evidence shows a paradox, with many new developments springing up in areas of high concentrations of HVT lines though residents vehemently complain about the mal-effects of HVT lines. Why then should land perceived to be inferior or “stigmatized” attract new developments? It is against this background that the householders’ perceptions of HVT lines are explored and the resulting effects on property values ascertained. A household survey was conducted in the Chalala, Libala South and Kamwala South areas of Lusaka city where developments have been undertaken around HVT Lines. The study also examined the statistical relationship of distances from HVT line with residential property values. Results show residential property values rise with increasing distance from the HVT line. It is recommended that the statutory wayleave distances should be raised to at-least 100 meters from the existing 31 meters for a 132kV line. It is further recommended that the regional wayleave guidelines currently in use should be made national.
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Simwanda, Matamyo, and Yuji Murayama. "Spatiotemporal patterns of urban land use change in the rapidly growing city of Lusaka, Zambia: Implications for sustainable urban development." Sustainable Cities and Society 39 (May 2018): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.039.
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Likashi, Danny Vumbi, Ravi Paul, and Luty Jason. "The Proportion of Binge Drinking Among Female Social Drinkers of Kalingalinga in Lusaka, Zambia: A Pilot Study." Global Psychiatry 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gp-2019-0005.
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AbstractObjectivesAlcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties. Alcohol’s harmful use causes large burden diseases like social and economic burden in societies. Binge drinking is one of the commonest forms of alcohol misuse and has been on an increase among many young women, who find alcohol a source of pleasure and enjoyment when they have timeout with friends and peers. Since binge drinking involves consumption of alcohol on an irregular basis, it may not be viewed as a hazardous form of alcohol use by many drinkers. The present study is aimed at estimating the proportion of female binge drinkers in the population of female social drinkers in Kalingalinga township of Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia. We hypothesised that the proportion of binge drinking in the population of female social drinkers is significantly high.MethodsThrough snowball sampling, 100 questionnaires (i.e., Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-AUDIT) were successfully distributed to and collected from the female social drinkers aged 20–39 years between August and September, 2016. A two-fold process was followed in identifying the binge drinkers; screening for hazardous alcohol drinkers by identifying those that scored 8 points or above in the first place, and thereafter, identifying binge drinking characteristics from the hazardous drinkers by following scores from the first three questions on the AUDIT.ResultsThe results reviewed that 54 of the 100 participants had some form of hazardous alcohol use and 30 of the 54 hazardous drinkers possessed some binge drinking characteristics. The proportion of female binge drinkers in a population of female alcohol drinkers was estimated to be 0.556 (56.6%), while in the general population, it was estimated to be 0.094. This implies that 9.4% of women aged 20–39 years of Kalingalinga in Lusaka engage in alcohol binge drinking, consuming on average 7–9 drinks on occasion almost on a weekly basis. Further, if 56% of all female alcohol drinkers aged 20–39 years seem to engage in some form of alcohol binge drinking, it means that that binge drinking is the highest form of alcohol misuse among these female drinkers.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that there is more alcohol binge drinking among the female social drinkers of Kalingalinga in Lusaka, with an estimated proportion of 0.556 (55.6%) among the female alcohol drinkers and 0.094 (9.4%) in the general population of females aged between 20–39 years. The implication is that alcohol binge drinking seems to be the highest form of alcohol misuse among female drinkers in Kalingalinga.
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Oldfield, Sophie, Netsai Sarah Mathsaka, Elaine Salo, and Ann Schlyter. "In bodies and homes: Gendering citizenship in Southern African cities." Urbani izziv Supplement, no. 30 (February 17, 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-003.
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How do the everyday contexts in which ordinary women struggle to access and maintain a place on the peripheries of the city shape experiences of citizenship? This paper explores this question in George, a periurban Lusaka neighbourhood in Zambia and through experiences of Zimbabwean migrant women’s negotiation of a place on the peri-urban edges of Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa. In the logics of citizen-subjects, the experiences of these groups of women should be poles apart, the first with rights imbued in citizenship, the second migrants without. Here instead, we demonstrate the ways in which gendered political subjectivities embed in the hard, lived realities of home. In placing gender and everyday body politics at the forefront of our analysis, the paper makes visible the micro-realities of making home. We demonstrate that an assumed recursive relationship between citizenship and home, as a physical and social place in the city, is problematic. Building on debates on citizenship and its gendering in post-colonial African urban contexts, we demonstrate instead that citizenship and its gendered contestations and emergent forms in Southern African are crafted in quotidian activities in homes and everyday city contexts.
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Martin, Kampamba, Nyirenda Martin, Hatwiko Hanzooma, Kampamba Davies, and Nangandu Hikaambo Christabel. "Assessment of household knowledge, attitude and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among residents of Lusaka City, Zambia." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 14, no. 7 (August 31, 2020): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2020.5165.
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Danieluk, S.J., Robert. "God’s Stopgap: Cardinal Adam Kozłowiecki, S.J." Journal of Jesuit Studies 7, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 642–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00704007.
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Adam Kozłowiecki (1911–2007) was a Polish Jesuit, who spent sixty-one years in missionary service in Zambia. He arrived there in 1946, just a few months after having been liberated from the concentration camp of Dachau, where he spent the biggest part of his time during wwii (earlier he was one of the first prisoners of the camp in Auschwitz). The vicissitudes made of him a witness of tragedy of the years 1939–45 and a protagonist of the missionary endeavor in Africa—the continent that was then looking for and finding its independence from colonialism. At the same time, Kozłowiecki was both witness and protagonist of the changes in the Catholic Church brought by the Second Vatican Council—the event in which he took an active part as the first archbishop metropolitan of Lusaka. The article, based on the existing literature and archival material from Rome, recalls the life of this extraordinary figure, pointing out the surprises and unexpected changes he had to face several times.
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Murphy, Caitriona, William B. MacLeod, Leah S. Forman, Lawrence Mwananyanda, Geoffrey Kwenda, Rachel C. Pieciak, Zachariah Mupila, et al. "Risk Factors for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Community Deaths in Zambian Infants." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2021): S187—S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab453.
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Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of infant deaths. Its epidemiology in low- and middle-income countries is poorly understood. Risk factors associated with RSV-associated infant deaths that occur in community settings are incompletely known. Methods Community deaths for infants aged 4 days to 6 months were identified during a 3-year postmortem RSV prevalence study at the main city morgue in Lusaka, Zambia, where 80% of deaths are registered. This analysis focuses on the subset of deaths for which an abbreviated verbal autopsy was available and intended to sort deaths into respiratory or nonrespiratory causes by clinical adjudication. Posterior nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected within 48 hours of death and tested for RSV using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Associations between potential risk factors were determined as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We prospectively enrolled 798 community infant deaths with verbal autopsies and RSV laboratory results, of which 62 results were positive. The mean age of the infants was 10 weeks, and 41.4% of them were male. Of all deaths, 44% were attributed to respiratory causes. RSV was detected in 7.8% of the community infants and was significantly associated with respiratory deaths (risk ratio, 4.0 [95% CI, 2.2–7.1]). Compared with older infants, those aged 0–8 weeks had a 2.83 (95% CI, 1.30–6.15) increased risk of dying with RSV. The risk of RSV for the 0–8-week age group increased to 5.24 (1.56–33.14) with adjustment for demographics, parental education, and geography. RSV deaths were increased with domiciliary overcrowding and were concentrated in poor and dense neighborhoods in Lusaka (risk ratio, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.22–3.27]). Conclusion RSV is a significant contributor to community respiratory deaths in this population, particularly in the first 3 months of life and in the more poor and dense parts of Lusaka.
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Phiri, Timothy Kamuzu. "Relevance of Education for Sustainable Development to Zambian High School Geography: A Survey of High Schools in Lusaka City." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.369.
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Geography is one of the subjects offered in all high schools in Zambia. At the time this
study was conducted in the year 2010, five years after the declaration of the Decade
of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) (2005-2014), ESD had not yet been
incorporated at high school level. The study hence sought to determine the aspects
of Geography that were compatible with ESD to ascertain the attitude of high school
pupils towards Geography and determine ways in which the Geography syllabus
could be improved vis-à-vis the need for pupils to be empowered to thrive in their
local environments. A descriptive survey research design was used and information
was gathered through group discussions (for the pupils) and questionnaires (for the
pupils and Geography Heads of Section). The study found that ESD could make a
contribution to Geography in the areas of field projects, personal hygiene and health,
sexual education, intergenerational transmission of knowledge, use of indigenous
knowledge and localisation of the Geography syllabus. The study found that though
pupils were interested in Geography as reflected by their general good performance in
examinations, nonetheless negative attitudes existed towards Geography because of
its detachment from pupils’ personal environments, excessive use of teacher-centred
methods and the bulky nature of the Geography syllabus.
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Kampamba, Martin, Farhiyyah Abanur, Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo, Steward Mudenda, Kennedy Saini, and Patrick Kaonga. "Effects of medication knowledge on medication adherence among hypertensive patients at Matero level one hospital, Lusaka city, Zambia: a cross sectional study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212916.
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Background: Medication adherence is the mainstay to good treatment outcomes. Failure to adhere to medication in hypertensive patients may lead to considerable deterioration of the disease resulting in increased costs of healthcare and mortality. Knowledge about the name of the drug, indications and side effects may enhance medication adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess effects of medication knowledge on medication adherence among hypertensive patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that involved 120 hypertensive patients. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics. Adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale while patient’s medication knowledge was assessed using a 7-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with medication adherence.Results: The mean age of participants was 59 years (SD±14.9) and 10 (8.3%), 42 (35%) and 68 (56.7%) had adequate, average and poor medication knowledge respectively. The prevalence of adherence in this study was 37.5%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) (AOR: 0.38, CI: 0.16-0.90) was associated with lower likelihood of adhering to medication.Conclusions: The adherence level to treatment was low and medication knowledge of hypertensive patients was generally poor. Uncontrolled BP was associated with non-adherence. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension should be given health education and counselling regarding their condition to improve medication adherence.
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Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, Beatrice Amadi, Claire D. Bourke, Ruairi C. Robertson, Benjamin Mwapenya, Kanta Chandwe, Chanda Kapoma, et al. "Health Outcomes, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Severe Acute Malnutrition (HOPE-SAM): rationale and methods of a longitudinal observational study." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023077.
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IntroductionMortality among children hospitalised for complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains high despite the implementation of WHO guidelines, particularly in settings of high HIV prevalence. Children continue to be at high risk of morbidity, mortality and relapse after discharge from hospital although long-term outcomes are not well documented. Better understanding the pathogenesis of SAM and the factors associated with poor outcomes may inform new therapeutic interventions.Methods and analysisThe Health Outcomes, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Severe Acute Malnutrition (HOPE-SAM) study is a longitudinal observational cohort that aims to evaluate the short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with complicated SAM, and to identify the risk factors at admission and discharge from hospital that independently predict poor outcomes. Children aged 0–59 months hospitalised for SAM are being enrolled at three tertiary hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lusaka, Zambia. Longitudinal mortality, morbidity and nutritional data are being collected at admission, discharge and for 48 weeks post discharge. Nested laboratory substudies are exploring the role of enteropathy, gut microbiota, metabolomics and cellular immune function in the pathogenesis of SAM using stool, urine and blood collected from participants and from well-nourished controls.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the local and international institutional review boards in the participating countries (the Joint Research Ethics Committee of the University of Zimbabwe, Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe and University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee) and the study sponsor (Queen Mary University of London). Caregivers provide written informed consent for each participant. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and to caregivers at face-to-face meetings.
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Mayimbo, Sebean, Kabwe Chitundu, Mutinke Zulu, Deborah Nayame Mushamba, Lonia Mwape, and Patricia Katowa Mukwato. "Study Protocol on Availability and Accessibility of Personal Protective Equipment: Fears of Acquiring COVID-19 Among Nurses and Midwives Attending to Women at the Women and New Born Hospital and First Level Hospitals, in Lusaka, Zambia." Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21617/jprm2021.317.
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Background: COVID-19 emerged from Wuhan city, Hubei province of China and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in January, 2020. Pregnant women have not been spared from this pandemic thereby putting at risk the nurses and midwives who take care of such women considering the close proximity of care especially during delivery. At the heart of the pandemic, fear is heightened among nurses as frontline workers due to unavailability of personal protective equipment. This study aims to assess the availability and accessibility of personal protective equipment and fears of acquiring COVID-19 among nurses and midwives attending to women at the Women and New Born Hospital and First Level Hospitals, in Lusaka, Zambia.Methodology: Nurses and midwives (n = 384) attending to women in maternity wards at the Women and Newborn Hospital and five (5) first level health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia will answer a monkey survey whose link will be sent via a WhatsApp group. They will answer questions on the socio demographic variables, availability and accessibility of PPEs and will be assessed for anxiety levels using the Form Y State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data will be analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Chi-square will be used on nominal and ordinal level variables and Pearson correlation will be used on interval and ratio level variables to determine the association between availability and accessibility of personal protective equipment and the levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusion:The findings from this study may be key for information on accessibility and availability of personal protective equipment use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information on levels of anxiety among nurses and midwives will guide stakeholders on the need of mental health wellness among the caregivers
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Patel, Archana A., Leah Wibecan, Owen Tembo, Prisca Kalyelye, Manoj Mathews, and Ornella Ciccone. "Improving paediatric epilepsy management at the first level of care: a pilot education intervention for clinical officers in Zambia." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029322.
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ObjectiveEpilepsy affects approximately 50 million people globally, with approximately 80% living in low/middle-income countries (LMIC), where access to specialist care is limited. In LMIC, primary health workers provide the majority of epilepsy care, despite limited training in this field. Recognising this knowledge gap among these providers is an essential component for closing the epilepsy treatment gap in these regions.SettingIn Zambia, the vast majority of healthcare is provided by clinical officers (COs), primary health providers with 3 years post-secondary general medical education, who predominantly work in first-level health centres around the country.ParticipantsWith cooperation from the Ministry of Health, a total of 10 COs from 4 surrounding first-level health centres around the capital city of Lusaka participated, with 9 completing the entire course.InterventionCOs were trained in a 3-week structured course on paediatric seizures and epilepsy, based on adapted evidence-based guidelines.ResultsPreassessment and postassessment were conducted to assess the intervention. Following the course, there was improved overall knowledge about epilepsy (69% vs 81%, p<0.05), specifically knowledge regarding medication management and recognition of focal seizures (p<0.05), improved seizure history taking and appropriate medication titration (p<0.05). However, knowledge regarding provoked seizures, use of diagnostic studies and general aetiologies of epilepsy remained limited.ConclusionsThis pilot project demonstrated that a focused paediatric epilepsy training programme for COs can improve knowledge and confidence in management, and as such is a promising step for improving the large epilepsy treatment gap in children in Zambia. With feasibility demonstrated, future projects are needed to expand to more rural regions for more diverse and larger sample of primary health provider participants and encompass more case-based training and repetition of key concepts as well as methods to improve and assess long-term knowledge retention.
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Bowa, Paul. "Assessment of Caregivers’ Knowledge about Medications and Medical Conditions by Time of Discharge in the Paediatric Department at University Teaching Hospital of Zambia." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.385.
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Background: Discharge is a period of transition from hospital to home that transfer responsibilities from the inpatient health care providers to patients and primary Caregivers. The study assessed Caregivers’ Knowledge about medications and medical conditions by the time their paediatric patients are discharged. Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study was carried out at University Teaching Hospital, paediatric department in Lusaka city of Zambia. 369 Caregivers were assessed on level of knowledge about medical conditions and medications of their discharged paediatric patients using data collected by a Pre-Tested Interview administered questionnaire. A knowledge index was developed representing the number of correct answers. Chi-square test analysis was used to indicate the significance of the results. Results: Most Caregivers were married (78.8%),Parents (82.2%), Unemployed(57.7%) with Primary level of Education (45.5%).The study found that 35.5% were very knowledgeable,27.6% had average knowledge and 36.9 % were not knowledgeable about Medical conditions. 16.5% were very knowledgeable,35.5% were average knowledgeable and 48.5 were not knowledgeable about Medications. The overall knowledge about Medical condition and Medications was poor with only 11.9% very knowledgeable,35.5% average knowledgeable and 52.6% not knowledgeable. Study of Pearson Chi-square reviewed that there is a statistically significant association between Age(P=0.000), Gender(P=0.023), Duration of Hospital stay(0.000),of Education (0.000), Occupation (0.000) and Relationship of Caregiver (0.002) to Level of knowledge. Discussion: Generally, Caregivers were not knowledgeable about the medical conditions and medications of their paediatric patients. However, the study findings indicated that Caregivers were more knowledgeable about medical conditions than medications. Female parent Caregivers are more likely to be knowledgeable than male Caregivers. Similarly, those who stay longer in Hospital, with a high level of Education, and Health workers are likely to be knowledgeable.
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Tembo, Zowe, Dabbie Nabuzoka, and Paul Ravi. "Socio- Psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse: A study of Lusaka Central Prison Child sexual abuse convicts." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.4.396.
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Objectives and Study Design: with the view of examining the socio-psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse among child sexual abuse convicts, a study was conducted in Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia at Lusaka Central Prison also commonly known as Chimbokaila prison between January 2015 - July 2017. The scientific objectives of this study were to identify the background characteristics of convicts who are in jail for child sexual offenses; to establish the psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse among convicts; to explore the social correlates associated with child sexual abuse among convicts; to explore the social correlates associated with child sexual abuse among convicts and to establish the relationship between experiences of convicts in prison and behavioural intensions with regards to child sexual re-offending. 30 male child sexual abuse convicts were assessed for personality disorders and were interviewed to realize some of the social factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse. Results: Results of the DSMI IV criteria checklist showed that 24 respondents did not have a personality disorder while 6 respondents had a personality disorder. From the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 4 (MMPI- IV) showed that 10 participants had a personality disorder, while 20 participants did not have a personality disorder. Results obtained from social correlates associated with child sexual abuse were: misleading physical appearances and substance misuse. With regards to marital status, there was no statistical relationship between child sexual abuse and marital status. It was also found that there is no statistical relationship between child sexual abuse and alcohol consumption. It was also found that the respondents who took alcohol before imprisonment were more than those that did not. Most child sexual perpetrators were not sexually abused as children, those who were sexually abused as children were very few Percent and frequency distribution of respondents by age group was; age group 25-30 recorded 3 the highest frequency of 36.7%, followed by age group of 20-25 with 23.3%. Percent and frequency distribution of the respondents by marital status; of the total respondents 40 percent (n=12) were single and 46.7 percent (n=14) were married, divorced participants and others had an equal share of percentage at 6.7 percent (n=2). Conclusions: Put together the results suggest that the majority of participants did not have a personality disorder, in regards to Psychological factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse. Whereas a lot of common themes (most participants abused alcohol before imprisonment, were physically abused and not sexually abused in their childhood) were realized for social factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse, However for background characteristics it was found that most child sexual abusers were within their mid-twenties and most of them were single with a primary level of education as the highest level of education obtained by most participants.
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Simwanda, Matamyo, Manjula Ranagalage, Ronald C. Estoque, and Yuji Murayama. "Spatial Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Islands in Four Rapidly Growing African Cities." Remote Sensing 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11141645.
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Africa’s unprecedented, uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization has put many African cities under constant ecological and environmental threat. One of the critical ecological impacts of urbanization likely to adversely affect Africa’s urban dwellers is the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, UHI studies in African cities remain uncommon. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the spatial patterns, composition and configuration of impervious surfaces/green spaces in four African cities, Lagos (Nigeria), Nairobi (Kenya), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Lusaka (Zambia). Landsat OLI/TIRS data and various geospatial approaches, including urban–rural gradient, urban heat island intensity, statistics and urban landscape metrics-based techniques, were used to facilitate the analysis. The results show significantly strong correlation between mean LST and the density of impervious surface (positive) and green space (negative) along the urban–rural gradients of the four African cities. The study also found high urban heat island intensities in the urban zones close (0 to 10 km) to the city center for all cities. Generally, cities with a higher percentage of the impervious surface were warmer by 3–4 °C and vice visa. This highlights the crucial mitigating effect of green spaces. We also found significant correlations between the mean LST and urban landscape metrics (patch density, size, shape, complexity and aggregation) of impervious surfaces (positive) and green spaces (negative). The study revealed that, although most African cities have relatively larger green space to impervious surface ratio with most green spaces located beyond the urban footprint, the UHI effect is still evident. We recommend that urban planners and policy makers should consider mitigating the UHI effect by restoring the urban ecosystems in the remaining open spaces in the urban area and further incorporate strategic combinations of impervious surfaces and green spaces in future urban and landscape planning.
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Chishimba, Hanson, Eustarckio Kazonga, and Evaristo Nsenduluka. "An analysis of the effects of equalisation funds on service delivery in selected local authorities in Zambia." Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation 1 (October 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jolgri.v1i0.14.
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Background: The government of the Republic of Zambia established the Local Government Equalisation Fund, to which each year parliament appropriates not less than 5% of the total amount of projected income taxes collected for the republic for that financial year. The purpose of the fund is to provide a source of financing for service delivery.Aim: The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of equalisation funds on service delivery in selected local authorities in Zambia.Setting: The study focused on Lusaka City Council, Luanshya Municipal Council and Chisamba and Luangwa town councils in Zambia.Methods: A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used. The population comprised registered property owners and council officials in the selected districts. The sample was drawn using stratified sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysed by using descriptive statistics and regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Qualitative data were analysed using a narrative approach.Results: The expenditure composition of the equalisation funds shows that expenditure on personal emoluments accounts for a greater proportion than capital and service expenditure. There were similarities and differences in the methods of service delivery among local authorities: the use of local government enterprise, contracting out, franchises, volunteers, self-help groups and in-house provision.Conclusion: There is lack of satisfactory adherence to the guidelines on utilisation of equalisation funds for service delivery as espoused by the central government. The local authorities studied do not adhere to the prescribed guidelines on the utilisation of equalisation funds.
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Li, Hangwei, and Gilbert Siame. "Nature and Impact of Chinese and South African Engagement on the Development of the City of Lusaka." African Review, October 9, 2020, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340021.
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Abstract As Zambia’s chief administrative centre and a major financial, transportation, and manufacturing hub for the country, the City of Lusaka has become one of the fasted growing cities in Southern Africa. Encouraged by the Chinese government’s ‘going out’ policy, Chinese investment and trade with Zambia have risen dramatically since the 2000s. Chinese investment is increasingly shaping the growth of Lusaka City and its hinterland in significant ways. On the other hand, South Africa as a regional geo-economic power has also amplified its strategic engagement with Lusaka. The paper explores how these two geo-economic powers have shaped the development of the City of Lusaka. Findings show that investments from South Africa into the City are private capital backed and are predominantly in the retail and real estate sectors. Chinese engagement in the city are dominated by large government-related construction projects, which have often been state-backed. Analysing the findings through the lens of urban assemblage and polarisation, the paper argues that the City is increasingly becoming more socio-spatially divided with the poor being more adversely affected by the nature and location of investments.
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Ndume, Sarah Muyoma. "Grade 12 national examination assessment practices for learners with visual impairments in selected schools in Mwense and Lusaka districts, Zambia." British Journal of Visual Impairment, March 26, 2021, 026461962199585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619621995853.
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The study aimed at examining the practices at Grade 12 level with respect to learners with visual impairments. The sample was drawn from Mwense and Lusaka districts of Zambia. The study was guided by the following objective: to establish the current practices of the Grade 12 national examination assessment for learners with visual impairments in selected schools of Mwense and Lusaka districts, Zambia. The study was qualitative, and a case study design was used. The study comprised 22 respondents consisting of four pupils, six school leavers, and six school specialist teachers, two school headmasters, two Education Standard Office (ESO) in charge of special education, and two officials from the Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ). Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data based on the themes that emerged in the study. The study findings revealed that learners who were totally blind wrote their examinations using braille format, and enlarged print was used for those learners who were partially sighted. The findings of study also showed that the examination questions were modified into a descriptive form, and by doing so, learners were able to access the examinations. The study further revealed that learners were given extra time during the examinations, although this was not adequate. It was equally revealed that there were no special provisions that were considered when marking examination scripts for the learners with visual impairments, meaning their scripts were marked just like other scripts for learners without sight challenges. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Examination Council of Zambia should come up with a marking centre where the scripts for the learners with visual impairments could be marked to solve the problem of missing results, among others.
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Banda, Felix, and Hambaba Jimaima. "Linguistic landscapes and the sociolinguistics of language vitality in multilingual contexts of Zambia." Multilingua 36, no. 5 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-3047.
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AbstractThe article illustrates a sociolinguistics of language vitality that accounts for ‘minority’ and unofficial languages across multiple localities in dispersed communities of multilingual speakers of Zambia where only seven out of seventy-three indigenous languages have been designated official and ‘zoned’ for use in specified regions. Using signage and narratives of place from selected rural and urban centres of the City of Lusaka and the City of Livingstone, we show how minority and non-official languages (some of which are unofficial and minor in region, but official in other regions) come to be part of the semiotic landscapes and social narratives of place outside legislated language ‘zones’. We problematize intergenerational language vitality and endangerment frameworks and notions of linguistic performative identities and reciprocal bilingualism to suggest that the presence of ‘out of place’ languages in dispersed communities of speakers in multiple localities is indicative of the vitality of the languages concerned. We conclude that language revitalisation frameworks need to consider alternative ways of language transmission focusing on mobile
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"Assessment of Bacteriological Contamination of the Zambian Paper Currency in Circulation in Selected Areas of Lusaka City, Zambia." International Journal of Research Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9428.0602004.
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Moise, Imelda K. "Alcohol use, pregnancy and associated risk factors: a pilot cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending prenatal care in an urban city." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 19, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2652-5.
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Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preventable alcohol-related developmental disability fetal alcohol syndrome. In Zambia, alcohol use and associated risk factors have not been investigated, and screening in prenatal care is nonexistent. This study determined individual correlates and the prevalence of alcohol use in pregnant women attending prenatal care at two health clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods A study adopted a cross-sectional design and recruited 188 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from July 19 to 31, 2017. Participants aged 18 or over completed the T-ACE (Tolerance, Annoyance, Cut Down and Eye Opener) screening tool and validated alcohol-screening questionnaires on self-reported alcohol use periconceptional and during conception period while at their regular prenatal visit. The T-ACE screening tool assessed the risk of alcohol dependence in four short questions. The questionnaires included demographic questions. Bivariate analyses were performed using the χ2 test for dichotomous variables and the t-test for continuous variables. Mixed-effects linear models were used to evaluate the effect of outcome variables with patient-level variables. Results About 40 (21.2%) pregnant women were identified by the T-ACE as at-risk for problem drinking during pregnancy. Except for regular prenatal care and distance, there was no difference in the demographic factors between pregnant women who scored < 2 on the T-ACE and those that scored > 2 points (all p’s > 0.05). A small proportional of women at both clinics reported binge drinking during the periconceptional period (12.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.003) and beyond periconception period. Excluding employed women, no significant relationships were observed between alcohol use and demographic factors. Conclusion Alcohol consumption is prevalent in the periconceptional period and during pregnancy in pregnant women attending prenatal care in Zambia. Findings underscore the need for targeted alcohol use screening and intervention for pregnant women.
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Taylor, Thomas, Francis Muwowo, and Zelita Phiri. "Constraining Factors in Realizing Strategic Plan Objectives by Local Authorities in Zambia: Case of Kitwe City Council." Strategic Public Management Journal, September 5, 2018, 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.25069/spmj.455404.
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Simpamba, Micah M., Patricia M. Struthers, and Margaret M. Mweshi. "Access to health care for children with neural tube defects: Experiences of mothers in Zambia." African Journal of Disability 5, no. 1 (February 19, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v5i1.267.
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Introduction: In Zambia, all children born with neural tube defects requiring surgery need to be referred to a tertiary level hospital in Lusaka, the capital city, where the specialists are based. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers accessing health care who had recently given birth to a child with a neural tube defect. Methods and analysis: In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposively selected sample of 20 mothers at the tertiary level hospital. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and translated. Content analysis was used to identify codes, which were later collapsed into categories and themes. Findings: Five themes emerged: access to health care, access to transport, access to information, concerns about family and support needs. Discussion: Barriers to access to health care included geographical barriers and barriers linked to availability. Geographical barriers were related to distance between home and the health centre, and referral between health facilities. Barriers to availability included the lack of specialist health workers at various levels, and insufficient hospital vehicles to transport mothers and children to the tertiary level hospital. The main barrier to affordability was the cost of transport, which was alleviated by either family or government support. Acceptability of the health services was affected by a lack of information, incorrect advice, the attitude of health workers and the beliefs of the family. Conclusion: Access to health care by mothers of children with neural tube defects in Zambia is affected by geographical accessibility, availability, affordability and acceptability. The supply-side barriers and demand-side barriers require different interventions to address them. This suggests that health policy is needed which ensures access to surgery and follow-up care.