Journal articles on the topic 'Lungs Cytology'
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1
Musin, M. F., A. F. Yusupova, and A. V. Bondarev. "Intensive diagnosis of destructive lung diseases." Kazan medical journal 69, no. 2 (April 15, 1988): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj97211.
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We studied diagnostic value of different methods of bronchopulmonary pathology research, identified the optimal number of methods for diagnosing destructive processes in the lungs, analyzed economic parameters of one or another method in order to optimize and efficiently use available equipment in the recognition of destructive processes in the lungs. We examined 240 patients with lung diseases in the pulmonology and thoracic departments. From them we chose 100 patients in whom the diagnosis was verified by postoperative biopsy (48), aspiration biopsy and cytology (52).
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Chowdhury, Mohammad Moinuddin, Mahmud Hassan Arif, Enshad Ekram Ullah, Abdullah Al Mamun, Mirza Nurul Karim, and Rajib Biswas. "A Prospective Observational Study between the Value of Sputum Cytology and FNAC of Bronchial Growth in Diagnosing Lung Cancer at Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i9.37250.
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Background: Lung disease is viewed as perhaps the most far reaching and deadly malignancies all throughout the planet. The most seasoned and most crucial technique is based on sputum cytology. The last outskirts for getting sufficient material are fine needle yearning cytology (FNAC) of bronchial development. Aims and Objective: To relate the meaning of sputum cytology and fine needle goal cytology of bronchial tissue under CT rules for diagnosing cellular breakdown in the lungs. Materials and Methods: This potential observational investigation was completed by the division of medication in Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Where data was collected from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 50 patients with a suspected history, symptoms, and risk profile of having primary lung cancer, as demonstrated by chest radiography and CT scan, were chosen for the research population. Fifty patients with clinical and biochemical verification of suspected. All collected data were coding and input in SPSS-25 for further analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were tested. Results: Among the 50 patients the vast majority of the patients were 51-60 years of age and the biggest number of the (94 %) patients were male. Sputum cytology is 8% touchy which isn’t steady with different examinations and CT guided FNAC is 94% sensitive. Conclusion: A definitive point of picture guided histological or cytological examination is to stay away from unnecessary thoracotomy and accomplish a particular determination with sensible exactness and least results. So, in this examination we found that sputum cytology is 8% delicate which isn’t steady with different investigations and CT guided FNAC is 94% touchy to last histological analysis of lung cancer. The discoveries recommended that CT guided FNAC discovered to be protected, feasible and viable.
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Lloyd, J. K., J. H. Harris, and N. T. Nichols. "STEM/EDS microanalysis of smoker lungs and ferruginous bodies." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127773.
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Previous studies have used digestion techniques with SEM/EDS to identify foreign material in lungs, These studies have identified elements with inclusions of lung tissue exposed to cigarette smoke, and clinical cases having ferruginous bodies. We have established a protocol to examine fixed lung tissue using x-ray microanalysis with STEM. Our technique allowed both localization and elemental analysis of foreign material in tissue. In the present study lung tissue from cigarette smokers and bronchial washings containing ferruginous bodies were examined.Histological slides of smoker lung tissue were examined to locate dark granular inclusions in cells and the interstitium. Cytology cell block slides of bronchial washings depicting ferruginous bodies were also selected. After locating these granules and bodies, tissues were carefully removed from the paraffin blocks, deparaffinized, and embedded in Spurr. Sections ranging in thickness from 180nm - 500nm were cut with a diamond knife and collected on nylon grids.
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Saleh, Husain A., and John Haapaniemi. "Aspiration Biopsy Cytology of Malignant Hemangiopericytoma Metastatic to the Lungs." Acta Cytologica 41, s1 (1997): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000333517.
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Liao, Winston W. P., K. S. Clifford Chao, Tom K. Hei, and Simon Cheng. "Association of IL17-expressing γδ t cells with acute radiation-induced pneumonitis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e21097-e21097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21097.
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e21097 Background: Radiation pneumonitis is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality with thoracic radiation for lung cancer. Little is known about the crucial mechanisms of the inflammatory response. We seek to determine if a key mediator of organ-specific inflammatory disorders and innate immune response, IL-17+ γδ T cells, is associated with radiation pneumonitis. Methods: C3HBe/FeJ mice (7 mice/group) were sham-irradiated as controls or exposed to a single dose of 15 Gy thoracic X-ray to develop pneumonitis. We have previously shown that TGFβ has an immunosuppressive activity in radiation pneumonitis. To potentiate the radiation pneumonitis, one group of mice was administered anti-TGFβ therapy with inhibitory TGFβ mAb (1D11, i.p.10 mg/kg/wk). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for cytology and inflammatory cytokine level. Lung tissues were examined for cell infiltration and histopathological changes. Cell surface marker and intracellular cytokine staining were performed on lymphocytes from the digested lungs by flow cytometry. Results: At 10 weeks post-irradiation, the lungs of the irradiated mice showed substantially more alveolar wall edema and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells compared with sham controls. Pneumonitis-involved lungs contained more IL-17+ γδ T cells (0.85% ± 0.00%) compared with sham controls (0.33% ± 0.02%), p<0.001. Furthermore increased IL-17+ γδ T cells were associated with potentiated radiation pneumonitis with anti-TGFβ therapy. There was a significant increased alveolar inflammation in irradiated mice injected with anti-TGFβ mAb. Anti-TGFβ irradiated lungs also contained significantly more IL-17+ γδ T cells (1.17% ± 0.13%) compared with irradiated controls (0.72% ± 0.13%), p<0.001. There was no increase of other TGFβ-dependent T cell subtypes such as IFNγ+ αβ T cells (Th1), IL-17+ αβ T cells (Th17), CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs, nor activated macrophages in the potentiated pneumonitis lungs. Conclusions: Our findings implicate a novel role for IL17-expressing γδ T cells in radiation pneumonitis. This study reveals this innate immune response pathway as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in radiation lung injury
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Greimelmaier, Kristina, Thomas Hager, Vasily Moskalenko, Stefan Mueller-Huelsbeck, Henning Feist, Kurt Werner Schmid, Alice Seidel, Danny Jonigk, and Jeremias Wohlschlaeger. "Pulmonary echinococcosis: A rare pseudotumour of the lung." Rare Tumors 13 (January 2021): 203636132110097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20363613211009769.
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Cystic echinococcosis is a widely endemic helminthic disease worldwide but occurs only rarely in Central Europe. Humans are infected as ‘aberrant’ hosts by Echinococcus granulosus and develop cysts in numerous different organs. 20%–30% of the affected individuals develop hydatid disease in the lungs with associated complications including pleuritis, lung abscess and pneumothorax. Radiologically, the pulmonary lesions of cystic echinococcosis occasionally pose difficulties in the differential diagnosis of primary lung carcinoma or metastatic disease and vice versa. Herein we report on a case of pulmonary hydatid disease in a 25-year-old Iraqi male presenting with a cystic lesion of the lung associated with thoracic pain and involuntary weight loss. Despite of its rare occurrence in Central Europe, clinicians, radiologists and pathologists should be aware of this entity and its pulmonary manifestations. During frozen section examination, imprint cytology specimens may facilitate the detection of the pathogens.
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Glück, U., and J. O. Gebbers. "Cytopathology of the Nasal Mucosa in Smokers: A Possible Biomarker of Air Pollution?" American Journal of Rhinology 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065896781795193.
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In our search for an easy, reliable, and inexpensive screening method to assess the toxic effects of air pollution and the attendant cancer risk on the respiratory tract, we investigated to what extent brush cytology of the nasal mucosa satisfies these demands. Using brush cytology, we examined the nasal mucosa of 60 cigarette smokers and compared the cytopathologic findings with those of 60 nonsmokers. All subjects were healthy male office workers with no nasal disorders. Mucosal cells were obtained from the maxillo-turbinal region with a small nylon brush, subsequently processed by Papanicolaou staining on a glass slide, and examined “blinded” by cytopathologists. The cytologic findings were normal in 46 of the nonsmokers, with simple squamous cell metaplasia detectable in the remaining 14 of this group. However, in the group of cigarette smokers, 52 showed unequivocal dysplasia of various degrees, whereas merely eight showed only metaplasia. Dividing the smokers into two groups based on pack/years of cigarette consumption revealed that the severity of dysplasia (mild or moderate) correlated well with the pack/years (P = 0.0001). As yet, no significant relation between smoking habits and the incidence of nasal sinus squamous cell carcinomas has been demonstrated in contrast to the established relationship between smoking and carcinomas of the larynx and lungs. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that cytopathologic changes in the nasal mucosa could act as a biomarker reflecting similar changes in the lower respiratory tract.
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Tydén, Olof, Ulf J. Eriksson, and Christian Berne. "Fetal lung maturation in diabetic pregnancy." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 3_Suppl (August 1986): S101—S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.111s0101.
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Abstract. The increased incidence of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) in infants of diabetic mothers may be explained by preterm delivery and asphyxia but the metabolic derangement per se may also be responsible for the inadequate production of surfactant. Experimental studies of the underlying mechanisms in the lungs of fetuses of pregnant diabetic rats have shown a decreased formation of the two major surfactant phospholipids disaturated phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl glycerol. In addition, the activities of key enzymes responsible for the production of these phospholipids are decreased in the fetal lung tissue. Inadequate utilization of pulmonary glycogen for surfactant biosynthesis has also been observed. Furthermore, experimental studies support that other changes than fetal hyperinsulinaemia are needed to produce a state of disturbed surfactant production. In human diabetic pregnancy strict metabolic control allows the fetal lungs to mature in a near-normal fashion. The presence of phosphatidyl glycerol in the amniotic fluid seems to be the best available predictor of lung maturity in diabetic pregnancy, in which both the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and amniotic fluid cytology may result in false-positive and false-negative values. The trend towards extension of delivery to term will undoubtedly diminish the need for estimation of fetal lung maturity by amniocentesis. Avoiding preterm delivery and adhering to strict metabolic control of the maternal diabetes would be expected to decrease the neonatal respiratory problems in diabetic pregnancy.
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Munkhdelger, Jijgee, Tomoko Shimooka, Yoshinori Koyama, Sadakatsu Ikeda, Yoshiki Mikami, Junya Fukuoka, Takashi Hori, and Andrey Bychkov. "Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Report of a Case With Molecular Analysis." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896921997132.
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There is a lack of knowledge about molecular alterations in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the uterine cervix. A 72-year-old woman with a history of previous subtotal hysterectomy and current vaginal bleeding was referred to our hospital. Initially, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was diagnosed upon cervical cytology and biopsy. Chest imaging showed multiple metastatic lesions in both lungs. The surgical specimen showed BSCC with diffuse p16 immunoreactivity and negativity for S-100, c-kit, and neuroendocrine markers. There was a focal minor ACC component, which could have explained the previous cytology and biopsy diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing with two different panels showed coexisting PIK3CA mutation and NTRK2 fusion with 10 additional variants of unknown significance ( ATR, DAXX, FAM123B, JAK1, KEL, MLL2, NOTCH2, PALB2, POLD1, POLE). The MYB gene fusions were not identified. The patient received chemotherapy with TRK inhibitor larotrectinib and carboplatin, which caused shrinkage of metastatic lung nodules. This is the first report of cervical BSCC with extensive molecular workup, which detected multiple genetic events, including targetable ones, which are potentially implicated in the development of a tumor. The accumulation of data and further studies on this tumor are necessary to define its diagnostic criteria and its clinical and biological behavior.
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Kumar, Ashok, Anil Kumar Geetha Virupakshappa, and Sushma Kenkare Lokanatha. "CT Imaging of Primary Lung Tumours with CT Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Correlation among Guwahati, Assam Population." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 31 (August 2, 2021): 2855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/522.
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BACKGROUND The primary lung masses (tumours) are those that originate from the lung tissue. Although most primary pulmonary tumours are carcinomas, a large histological spectrum of benign and malignant tumours of the lung exists. Although chest xray is still considered to be the primary imaging modality of lungs, computed tomography (CT) not only shows the segments that are involved but also the extent of involvement. We wanted to study the sensitivity and specificity of CT in the diagnosis of primary neoplastic lesions of lung, study the CT patterns of different histological variants of bronchogenic carcinoma, and correlate CT findings with CT guided fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNAC) findings. METHODS The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 34 patients suspected clinically of having lung neoplasms, in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam from December 2010 to November 2011. RESULTS Considering FNAC / histopathological examination (HPE) as the gold standard, the positive predictive value and false negative value of CT scan for diagnosis of neoplastic lesions of lung were 97 % and 3 % respectively, in our study. Among our study population, mean age with lung tumours was 61 years, highest number of cases was seen in the age group of 51 - 60 years (35 %); Males and females affected were 27 (79.41 %), and 7 in number (20.59 %), respectively. CONCLUSIONS CT is more sensitive in the detection of neoplastic lesions of the lung and associated hilar / mediastinal adenopathy than chest roentgenography. CT has a high efficacy in detecting neoplastic lesions of lung, delineating its lobar and segmental anatomy, thereby helping surgical resection of lung. In this study, CT guided FNAC and cytological findings correlated well with CT diagnosis of primary neoplastic lesions of lung. KEYWORDS Primary Lung Tumour, Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT), Fine Needle Aspiration and Cytology (FNAC)
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Dwivedi, Dharm Prakash, Sivaselvi C, Muniza Bai, and Mithradevi Sekar. "A curious case of exploding cannonball." IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2022.021.
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Pulmonary cavitary lesions with pneumothorax are very common in chest imaging and usually pose diagnostic challenge to clinicians Pneumothorax with a cavitary lesion is a rare occurrence in primary and metastatic lung cancer. A 40-year-old male presented with cough with whitish expectoration, right loin pain, loss of weight and appetite for 3 months and difficulty in breathing for 2 days. Chest x-ray was suggestive of right-side pneumothorax with bilateral nodular opacities in all zones. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) thorax and abdomen revealed a non-homogenous large mass in the right kidney with hydronephrotic changes with cavitary lesions in bilateral lungs. Urine cytology was suggestive of urothelial carcinoma. Thus, a diagnosis of urothelial cancer with cavitating metastasis leading to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was made. Herein, we aim to highlight that cavitating metastasis should be considered in a case of pneumothorax with bilateral lung nodules.
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Kavarnos, Ioannis, Dimitra Pardali, Georgia D. Brellou, Elias Papadopoulos, Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou, and Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou. "Bronchoscopy and Lung Fine-Needle Aspiration for Antemortem Evaluation of Pulmonary Involvement in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Canine Leishmaniosis." Pathogens 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030365.
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Clinical manifestations from the lower respiratory tract are rare in canine leishmaniosis (CanL), making bronchoscopy and lung fine-needle aspiration (FNA) seldomly justified. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the involvement of Leishmania infantum in the lungs of dogs with naturally occurring CanL by bronchoscopy and examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bronchial mucosa biopsies, and FNA, using immunodiagnostics. Dogs with relevant concurrent diseases and azotemia were excluded. Cough was detected in 5/31 (16.1%) dogs. Lesions (hyperemia, edema, mucosal granularity, secretions) were identified upon bronchoscopy in 19/31 (61.3%) dogs. The cytology of BALF revealed histiocytic inflammation in 14/31 (45.2%) dogs; the parasite was identified in one dog (3.2%). The immunofluorescence antibody test in BALF was positive in 15/31 (48.4%) dogs. Histopathology of bronchial mucosa and/or adjacent alveoli revealed lesions (mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrosis, edema, thickening of the inter-alveolar septa) in 24/31 (77.4%) dogs, with no Leishmania amastigotes. Positive antigen staining was observed within the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells in immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Μononuclear cells showed antigenic positivity in bronchial mucosa (27/31; 87.1%), BALF (30/31; 96.8%), and lung FNA (27/31; 87.1%). In conclusion, lungs seem to be affected from CanL more commonly than previously believed, and bronchoscopy allows obtaining valuable samples for antemortem diagnosis.
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Liu, Qifa. "EBV Associated-Pneumonia in Patients with Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4366.4366.
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Abstract Background. Traditionally, reactivation or infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) most often induces post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). In recent years, it is reported that it may manifest in patterns other than PTLD. Methods. To investigate PTLD and PTLD accompanied by EBV associated- pneumonia among 323 patients after HSCT and discribe the clinical manifestation of PTLD accompanied by EBV associated-pneumonia. Results. Seven cases of PTLD with primary presentation as extravisceral lymphoid tissue were identified. Five cases were diagnosed of CD20+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 cases CD20+ polymorphic B-cell hyperplasia and 1 case CD3+CD45RO+ peripherial T-cell lymphoma-unspecified. Six patients were associated with EBV and 1 case was not in 7 cases of PTLD. Three patients were diagnosed of EBV associated-pneumonia and chest computed tomography revealed multifocal patchy and diffuse ground-glass attenuation in both lungs. EBV-DNA was positive in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There were mainly CD3+ T cells with the absence of CD19+ and CD20+ B cells in cytology analysis of BAL fluid. Lung biopsy showed that patients had interstitial and intra-alveolus infiltrates of main CD3+ T cells and part of CD68+ macrophages without CD19+ and CD20+ B cells. The patients with PTLD accompanied by EBV associated-pneumonia had hyperpyrexia and dyspnea. The diseases aggravated rapidly and eventually all died within two weeks since the onset of PTLD. Conclusion. It is not rare for EBV associated-PTLD accompanied by EBV associated- pneumonia after HSCT. Cytology of BAL fluid and lung biopsy may help to the diagnosis.
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Sakhautdinova, R. R., M. P. Sutunkova, I. A. Minigalieva, and Tatyana V. Bushueva. "A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF IMPRINT SMEARS (TOUCH PREPARATION CYTOLOGY) TO EVALUATE THE TOXICITY OF METAL-CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-120-124.
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Introduction. Touch preparation cytology is a well-known technique widely used in clinical practice. It can be also applied for an express assessment of cyto-morphological effects of metal-containing nanoparticles in experimental animals. Material and methods. We’ve studied 144 imprint smears (of the liver, kidneys, lungs, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes) taken from 52 rats, weighed 280-300 g, aged 3.5 months. This was done following a subchronic intraperitoneal administration of TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanoparticles, in a range of doses, and a subacute (5-times) inhalational exposure to 1 mg/m3 NiO NPs. Leishman stain was used. Cytological markers were studied at х100/х1000 magnification, using a Carl Zeiss Primo Star microscope, with a USCMOS camera for visualization. The count was done for every 200 cells of lung, liver and kidney specimens and for every 100 cells of lymph node tissue. The differences between the group means (in case of quantitative results) were analyzed using a Student’s t-test. The differences between the group means were considered statistically significant if the probability of those differences being accidental didn’t exceed 5% (р < 0,05). Results. We report the principal results obtained in a cytological study of imprint smears (touch preparations) of rat organs following the exposure to metal-containing nanoparticles. The main types of cellular responses were determined. Degenerative and dystrophic changes were observed in touch preparations of the liver, kidneys, and lungs following administration of nanoparticles in a range of doses and by various routes of exposure. Hyperergic inflammatory responses were seen upon the exposure to nickel oxide nanoparticles. A local cellular immune response was observed as an increase of macrophage percentage in imprint smears of some organs. Conclusion. The use of touch preparation cytology together with histological examination of tissue specimens expand opportunities for a more relevant morphological and quantitative analysis when studying the toxic effects of metal-containing nanoparticles.
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Mlaga, Salvatory, Tupokigwe Brown, Atuganile Malango, Karpal Sohal, and Edda Vuhahula. "Maxillary Ameloblastoma With Pulmonary Metastasis: Management Challenges in Resource-Limited Setting—A Case Report." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (September 11, 2019): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz113.013.
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Abstract Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that may exhibit aggressive biological behavior with local recurrence. It more commonly occurs in the mandible than the maxilla. Rarely, ameloblastoma may metastasize to local regional lymph nodes and/or distant organs, notably lungs, brain, and skin, hence the term metastasizing (malignant) ameloblastoma (MA), in keeping with the WHO definition of MA in its recent classification of odontogenic tumors (2017). Here, we report a rare case of maxillary ameloblastoma that metastasized to the lungs in a 22-year-old African male. Radiological evaluation revealed a massive maxillary tumor that had a local extension to the brain. Chest x-ray and CT scan pointed out metastatic mass to the lungs. Histology of the tumor mass revealed it to be follicular ameloblastoma with aggressive behavior shown by abnormal mitoses and further characterization by immunohistochemical reactivity to Ki-67. CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lung mass showed microscopic features of ameloblastoma bearing resemblance to the primary jaw tumor. Socioeconomic constraints on the patient’s side and limited medical resources necessitated planning that served the purpose of proper diagnosis and treatment options. In this paper, we discuss the clinical behavior, differential diagnosis, and challenges faced by clinicians in managing metastatic ameloblastoma in a resource-limited setting. Conclusively, reporting this rare case and first of its kind in our locality raises awareness, hence reducing misdiagnosis of primary tumor in sites other than the jaw, while also sharing our experience of managing metastasizing ameloblastoma in a resource-limited setting to the larger medical community.
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Hammer, Martin, Frank Weigner, and Robert Klopfleisch. "Cutaneous melanomas in rabbits: rare but often fatal." Veterinary Science Development 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2011.3414.
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An adult male dwarf rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) was presented to the veterinarian due to hind limb lameness. The rabbit was in a reduced body condition. Clinical examination and cytology identified a cutaneous melanoma in the inguinal region. Whole body radiographs identified multifocal radio-opaque masses in both lungs which where assumed to be lung metastases. The animal was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. Necropsy confirmed a malignant, melanotic melanoma with pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Histopathologically, the primary tumor and the metastases were composed of epitheloid cells which showed infiltrative growth. The rabbit was diagnosed with metastatic, cutaneous, melanotic melanoma. Melanomas in rabbits can be recognized as highly malignant independent on their pigmentation status. Pulmonary tropism seems to be a distinct feature of this tumor type in rabbits and indicates that a comprehensive diagnostic workup is necessary to avoid anesthesia-related incidents.
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Sarwar, SM, and Masroor Rahman. "Isolated tuberculous thyroiditis." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 22, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v22i1.45087.
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Tuberculosis is a widespread infectious disease caused by various strains of Mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis1.Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs ,but can also affect other parts of the body. Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of a 35 years old female patient with isolated Tuberculous Thyroiditis presented as diffuse tenderness and pain in lower part of anterior neck with no visible neck swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the thyroid gland revealed caseatingepitheloid granulomas consistent with tuberculosis.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2016; 22(1): 62-64
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Thrift, Elizabeth, Chris Greenwell, Audra-Lynne Turner, Andrea M. Harvey, Donna Maher, and Richard Malik. "Metastatic pulmonary carcinomas in cats (‘feline lung–digit syndrome’): further variations on a theme." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 205511691769106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116917691069.
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Case series summary The aim of this retrospective case series was to describe seven cases where cats with primary lung tumours were presented because of metastases to extra-pulmonary sites (‘feline lung–digit syndrome’). Specifically, we wanted to emphasise less typical case descriptions where tumour emboli resulted in lesions developing in the musculature (including the muscles of the head), skin or distal aorta. Relevance and novel information The cases are presented to increase clinical awareness of this entity in feline practice, especially when characteristic combinations of clinical signs are present. When clinicians have a high index of suspicion for these presentations, radiology (thorax and digits) or ultrasound (distal aorta), combined with collection of fine needle aspirate specimens for cytology, are usually sufficient to secure a definitive diagnosis. Novel information in this series includes CT and MRI findings from some cases. Typically, needle aspiration or biopsy targeting the skin, digits and lesions in musculature is far easier compared with sampling the primary tumour site in the lungs. The differential diagnosis and investigation of multiple digital lesions is also considered.
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Bajantri, Supriya R., Dhara P. Mehta, Purva C. Shah, and Ragini A. Patel. "Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology in deep seated lesions: an effective diagnostic tool." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223013.
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Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a diagnostic method used to assess various masses in the body with minimal invasion. FNAC alone has a lower yield as compared to biopsy for diagnosing deep-seated lesions. Radiological guidance improves the yield of FNAC. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Ultrasound (USG) guided FNAC in various deep-seated lesions in the body. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study at the cytology section of pathology department of our hospital for indoor patients.Methods: It was a retrospective study done over a period of five years, which included 334 aspirates suspected to be of inflammatory or neoplastic origin obtained from deep-seated lesions. After a thorough clinical and radiological evaluation, USG guided FNACs were performed. Experienced pathologists processed the smears, prepared thereby, for cytological evaluation and diagnosis.Results: A total of 334 samples were collected using USG-guided FNAC. The most common site was lungs (36.5%) followed by liver (13.77%). The most common type were malignant lesions (57.19%) which were either primary malignancies or metastatic carcinomas. 29 samples were found to be acellular or had inadequate material, thus a diagnosis couldn’t be made. Out of the various lung masses, non-small cell carcinoma was the most common (66.39%). The most common liver mass was metastatic carcinoma (54.35%).Conclusions: USG guided FNAC is a relatively simple, safe, fast, minimally invasive and cost effective procedure, which provides quite a high rate of adequacy and diagnostic efficacy. It is useful for making a pre-operative diagnosis and guiding the choice of treatment.
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Nair, Nandu, Nandakishore Baikunje, Giridhar Belur Hosmane, and Sunil Kumar. "Coccidioidomycosis where you least expect it." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 9 (September 2022): e248711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-248711.
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An elderly man without history of travel presented with complaints of intermittent fever for 2 months, cough with scanty expectoration for 15 days and history of weight loss of 5 kg in 1 year. The chest X-ray and CT scan of the thorax showed dispersed centrilobular nodules and patchy subpleural consolidation in both lungs with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage culture grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. He was prescribed antibiotics based on culture sensitivity; however, patient continued to have symptoms. All relevant blood investigations were within normal limits. He underwent CT-guided biopsy of the right lung lesion during which clearing of the radio-opacities present in the initial CT scan and appearance of fresh lesions in different locations were observed. Migratory shadows were suspected. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed features suggestive of coccidioidomycosis for which antifungals were started. After 1 month, he improved symptomatically and chest X-ray showed clearance of shadows.
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Basnet, S., and OP Talwar. "Role of cell block preparation in neoplastic lesions." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 2, no. 4 (September 25, 2012): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6876.
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Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology of superficial lesion or deep anatomical site is an increasingly common procedure in diagnosis of neoplastic lesions. Sometimes fine needle aspiration does not yield sufficient information for precise diagnosis and the risk of false negative or intermediate diagnosis always exists. In order to overcome these problems, cell block technique has been resorted to make the best use of available material.Materials and Methods:This was a prospective hospital based study conducted in the department of pathology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal over a period of 2 years from the year 2009 October to 2011. There were total of 49 cases included in the study of which fine needle aspiration cytology smears, cell block and biopsy specimens were available.Results: A total of 49 such cases were included in the study of which fine needle aspiration cytology smears, cell block and biopsy specimens were available. Of all the malignant cases, 12 cases were from lungs aspirate, 10 were from breast, 15 from lymph node and 12 from thyroid. With the combined use of smear and cell block, the diagnostic accuracy of the tumors approaches 100% and also significantly improves diagnostic and sub typing accuracy of malignancies. Cell blocks were found superior in diagnosing neoplasm than smears with diagnostic accuracy of 95.91% and 91.8% respectively.Conclusion: Cell block method allows the recovery and processing of minute amounts of cellular material and facilitates the better classification of tumor when reviewed along with cytological smears. The method is simple to perform and no expertise is required to handle the specimen. Therefore the routine preparation of the cell block improves the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 272-276DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6876
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Hermange, T., S. Le Corre, C. Bizon, E. A. Richard, and A. Couroucé. "Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from both lungs in horses: Diagnostic reliability of cytology from pooled samples." Veterinary Journal 244 (February 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.002.
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Datta, Soma, Abhijit Banerjee, and Uma Banerjee. "Subcutaneous hydatid cyst in forearm a diagnostic dilemma with neurofibroma." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i4.30720.
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Hydatid disease caused by larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus usually affects lungs and liver of human and animals. Affection of subcutaneous tissue is rare; though not rarest but often clinically mistaken as neurofibroma or lipoma. Preoperative diagnosis is mandatory to avoid surgical contamination or future accidents. Two middle aged males presented with forearm nodules and one female presented with an arm nodule; all of which on needle aspiration cytology and wet smear examination provisionally diagnosed as hydatid cyst, later confirmed radiologically and surgically. Primary hydatid disease constitutes potentially serious differential diagnoses in subcutaneous swelling.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.634-636
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Tuppekar, Balaji G., Shahid M. Patel, Girija P. Nair, and Abhay G. Uppe. "To study the role of sputum cytology in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2022.047.
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COPD is the major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. In addition to this, the major factor that is contributing in this disease is smoking. This kind of problem occurs due to airflow obstruction that influences the progressive and accompanied hyper-responsiveness. The patients with Asthma and COPD overlap (ACO) have a poor quality of life and more rapid decline in lung functions and high mortality. Also, they consume a disproportionate amount of health care resources. Moreover, sputum cell counts are extensively used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The clinical application of sputum cell count in patients with both COPD and asthma remain elusive. The study aims to study the role of sputum cytology in patients with Bronchial Asthma and COPD. It was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, D Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India. The period of the study was from January 2020 to June 2021. The number of healthy patients recruited for the current study was 20, along with 20 asthmatic patients and 30 COPD patients. Spirometry and body plethysmography was used to measure the capacity and volume of the lungs of all the patients. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was conducted for counting the differences in counts of lung function variables and sputum cells. The mean age of healthy patients was 62.78±6.1 years, asthmatic patient was 55.9±12.8 years and COPD patients was 65.8±5.2 years. According to the analysis, the specific airway's conductance for aesthetic patients was [0.60±0.04 kPa.Sec⁻¹] and for the patient who was suffering from COPD, the score was [1.82±0.19 kPa.Sec⁻¹] and the outcome for healthy patients was [1.19±0.12 kPa.Sec⁻¹].The study has found a strong relationship between sGaw and neutrophil and the neutrophil-macrophage ratio of COPD patients. According to the analysis of the study outcome, eosinophils are important for the respiratory inflammatory infiltrates in asthma patients as well as in COPD.
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Hosny, K., and A. Luk. "Urinary schistosomiasis presented as bladder malignancy with pulmonary metastases: a case report." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, no. 6 (July 2018): e145-e146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2018.0072.
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Schistosoma haematobium is the species primarily responsible for the manifestation of schistosomiasis in the genitourinary tract. It is a parasitic disease caused by flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma, which can result in acute and chronic manifestation. We report a case of urinary schistosomiasis that initially presented as advanced bladder cancer with pulmonary metastasis on initial computed tomography scan. Further investigations revealed no cancer and pulmonary changes resolved with treatment. The involvement of bladder is the hallmark of S. haematobium infection and it is unusual to have pulmonary manifestation without concurrent hepatosplenic disease. Within the lungs, deposition of Schistosoma eggs causes a granulomatous reaction, typically producing miliary nodules on chest radiographs. In our case, this was interpreted initially as lung metastases. However, given the cystoscopic findings and subsequent resolution with praziquantel, this was proved otherwise. This case highlights the importance of urinary cytology in the initial investigation of haematuria. Clinicians should be aware of such a potential differential diagnosis, especially in patients with prior travel history to endemic areas.
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De Zan, Gabrita, Valentina Zappulli, Laura Cavicchioli, Linda Di Martino, Eriberta Ros, Giorgia Conforto, and Massimo Castagnaro. "Gastric B-Cell Lymphoma with Mott Cell Differentiation in a Dog." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21, no. 5 (September 2009): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870902100521.
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A gastric lymphoid tumor with involvement of regional lymph nodes and spleen was diagnosed in an 8-year-old crossbreed male dog with a 6-month history of gastrointestinal disease. Despite surgical excision and palliative therapy (prednisolone and cimetidine), the dog was euthanized due to worsening of clinical signs. At necropsy, multiple white, solid, nodular, infiltrative masses were observed in the stomach, duodenum, spleen, liver, and lungs in association with generalized lymph node enlargement. Cytology, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy revealed that the neoplastic cell population was composed of B lymphocytes that contained variable amounts of round periodic acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasmic globules consistent with Russell bodies. The tumor most likely represented a variant of B-cell neoplasia with extensive Mott cell differentiation.
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Das, Anirban, and Abhishek Pratap. "Primary Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumour of Pleura: First Case Report." Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5462380.
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Metastatic tumours of pleura are the most common malignant tumours causing malignant pleural effusion. Lungs are the most common primary sites. Primary pleural tumours are rarely seen and diffuse malignant mesothelioma is the most common malignant tumour of pleura. Primary malignant neuroendocrine tumour of pleura is not reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of primary malignant neuroendocrine tumour of pleura in a fifty-two-year-old, nonsmoker female who presented with right-sided pleural effusion and ipsilateral, dull aching chest pain. Clinical presentations of inflammatory lesions like tuberculous pleuritis and benign and malignant neoplasms of pleura are indistinguishable; hence, fluid cytology, pleural biopsy, and immunohistochemistry are necessary for exact tissue diagnosis of the tumours, which is mandatory for correct treatment and prognostic assessment.
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Passantino, Giuseppe, Emilio Sassi, Ilaria Filippi, Valerio Serata, Antonella Tinelli, and Nicola Zizzo. "Thoracic and Abdominal Mesothelioma in an Older Horse in Lazio Region." Animals 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192560.
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A Quarter Horse, a gelding aged 22, was subjected to a clinical examination for colic syndrome. During admission to the clinic, blood counts and ultrasound examination were performed. Ultrasound revealed abdominal masses and abundant accumulation of pleural (50 L) and abdominal fluid (100 L). Cytology was performed on the aspirated fluid. The patient was euthanized. The autopsy examination revealed abundant effusion and nodular masses on the peritoneum, omentum, lungs, heart, and mediastinum. A diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma was made via histopathology and confirmed with immunohistochemistry; it showed positive antibodies against cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin. Mesothelioma is a rare cancer in older horses. It is important to employ the correct differential diagnostics using the available methods, providing valid ante-mortem support to the clinical veterinarian and monitoring the territory using this species as a valid biological indicator.
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Hasanah, Nurmaulida, Upakarti Mentari, Siti Zaenab, and Zulfa Ichsanniyati. "Case Study: Pyothorax in Domestic Short Hair Cat." Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.vetbioclinj.2022.004.01.1.
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One of the diseases caused by pathogenic microbial infections is pyothorax. Pyothorax, also known as thoracic empyema, accumulates purulent exudates in the pleural space. This study aims to understand the diagnosis and therapy of pyothorax in Domestic Short Hair (DSH) cats. A male DSH cat came with a harsh breath condition or acute dyspnea. The cat was breathing more rapidly, having to make more effort to breathe. The anamnesis showed that the patient had a cough history and repeated with a dyspnea condition. Some diagnoses were radiographic examination (x-ray) and laboratory tests such as complete blood cell, blood chemistry, cytology, and bacterial culture. Result of radiography examination and laboratory examination showed that increasing of white blood cells or leukocytosis in complete blood cell test, fluid loss (dehydration) in the blood chemistry test, radiography (x-ray) imaging saw the abnormalities in the lungs that was a white color (radio-opaque) and looked homogeneous. Thoracocentesis founded pleural effusions in the form of pus/pyo, cytology examination found polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) neutrophils and mononuclear cells (MN), and the result of pus bacterial culture was Acinobacter baumannii. The examination results in patients showed positive pyothorax with causal of Acinobacter baumanii. Antibiotic therapy sensitive to Acinobacter baumanii had been proven effective until the patient recovered. The antibiotics for therapy started with 10 mg/kg BW of Enrofloxacin, 20 mg/kg BW of Meropenem, and 20 mg/kg BW of Tigecycline. Tigecycline has proven to be effective until the cat recovers.
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Maharjan, P. B., R. Makaju, S. Makaju, R. Dhakal, B. Lama, D. Basnet, and B. Dhakal. "Endometriosis of Groin Mimicking Neoplasm." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i1.49608.
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Endometriosis is principally a disease of women in active reproductive life. Although it is rare, foci of endometrial tissue may be seen in the bowel, the umbilicus, abdominal surgical scars and in the lungs. Inguinal endometriosis is challenging to the clinicians and pathologist and often diagnosed accidentally. We present a case of inguinal endometriosis mimicking neoplasm. A 40 year old woman presented with a swelling in the right inguinal region associated with cyclical pain. In view of presence of atypical cells in fine needle aspiration cytology, metastatic carcinoma was rendered as diagnosis. Histopathological examination revealed endometrial glands and stroma which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Diagnosis of inguinal endometriosis is difficult and often challenging because of unusual site. The clinician must have high index of suspicion with any patient who has cyclical symptoms. A good history and physical examination can guide clinical diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Mondal, Asitava, and D. K. Patra. "Efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the thyroid gland: a study of 18 cases." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, no. 1 (January 1995): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100129184.
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AbstractTuberculosis of the thyroid gland is an extremely rare condition. Amongst 1565 cases of thyroid lesions subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over a period of nine years, 18 cases (1.15 per cent) were found to have cytological features consistent with tuberculosis thyroiditis. Acid-fast bacilli were isolated in all cases. The ages of the patients ranged from 36 to 52 years with a median age of 46 years: there were 12 females and 6 males. All the patients presented with painless solitary nodules of the thyroid. Three patients had concomitant cervical lympadenopathy and four patients were known to have tuberculosis of the lungs which was being treated. Solitary nodules of the thyroid were confirmed by a thyroid scan with radioactive iodine. Fine needle aspirates from thyroid swellings showed epithelioid granulomas with necrosis in all cases. There were no false reports or complications.It is evident from this study that FNAC is an efficient way with which to detect tuberculosis of the thyroid gland.
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De Lange, L., A. Dufourni, L. Lefère, L. Sonck, and G. Van Loon. "Intra-abdominal bleeding in a horse: not always of traumatic origin." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 88, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v88i1.16042.
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A nine-year-old warmblood mare was presented with clinical signs of mild colic and fever. On percutaneous ultrasound of the abdomen, a mass was identified on the left side of the abdomen between the spleen and the stomach. During examination the following day, intra-abdominal blood was observed. On rectal examination, a mass was palpated in the pelvis. The presumptive diagnosis of hematoma with intra-abdominal bleeding was made. On consecutive ultrasounds and radiographs, the mass evolved in shape and other masses were identified in the liver and the lungs. No change was noticed in the pelvic mass. Cytology and histology of a tru-cut liver biopsy revealed abnormal, most likely neoplastic cells, whereas cytology of the abdominal and thoracic fluid did not reveal any neoplastic cells. Due to the presence of several rapidly growing masses, a neoplastic process was most likely. Because of the malignant character of the disease and the persistence of the clinical signs, euthanasia was suggested but refused by the owner. Supportive treatment was instituted. Initially, the general condition remained stable, after which the horse suddenly collapsed and died. Post-mortem examination revealed a primary neoplasm located in the pelvic cavity, as well as multiple disseminated masses within several tissues. The mass found in the liver had ruptured with loss of probably 50 liters hemorrhagic fluid within the abdominal cavity. Based on gross pathology, cytological and histological findings, a hemangiosarcoma was suspected. This diagnosis was confirmed using immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor. In this case report, the importance of differentiating hematoma from hemangiosarcoma in the horse is highlighted.
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Shimakawa, Takeshi, Yoshihiko Naritaka, Shinichi Asaka, Miki Miyazawa, Asako Shimazaki, Kentaro Yamaguchi, Hajime Yokomizo, Kazuhiko Yoshimatsu, Shunichi Shiozawa, and Takao Katsube. "A Case of Surgical Resection for Superficial Esophageal Cancer With a Single Giant N4 Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis." International Surgery 103, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2019): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-16-00257.1.
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Superficial thoracic esophageal cancer with a solitary metastasis to a lymph node outside the usual target area of lymphadenectomy is extremely rare. We report a case of superficial esophageal cancer with a solitary, giant metastasis to the right upper deep cervical lymph node that was treated with surgery. A 57-year-old man presented to our institution with a chief complaint of a mass in the right neck. Fine needle cytology showed squamous cell carcinoma. No lesion was found in the pharyngolaryngeal area or the lungs. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Detailed examinations showed no other lymph node enlargement or metastasis to distant organs. The patient was diagnosed with esophageal cancer with a solitary lymph node metastasis (N4; No.102upR). Subtotal esophagectomy and 3-field lymphadenectomy were performed. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. At 3 years postsurgery, no recurrence has been found. We think this case is extremely rare.
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Steinberg, Howard. "Disseminated T-Cell Lymphoma in a Guinea Pig with Bilateral Ocular Involvement." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (September 2000): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200513.
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A 2-year-old female shorthair guinea pig was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Wisconsin–Madison, for evaluation of a unilateral corneal opacity of 1 week duration. Physical examination revealed a markedly thickened right cornea and lymphadenopathy of the submandibular and prescapular lymph nodes. Cytology of a lymph node aspirate was highly suggestive of lymphoma. The animal was humanely euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed a disseminated lymphadenopathy involving the submandibular, anterior cervical, prescapular, bronchial, anterior mediastinal, and mesenteric nodes, and hepatomegaly with accentuation of lobular morphology. The right cornea was dark red, dry and dull, and diffusely thickened, and the globe was exophthalmic. Microscopically, pleomorphic neoplastic lymphoblasts were present in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, heart, rhinarium, bone marrow, and kidneys. Bilateral infiltration of the eyes by neoplastic lymphoblasts was noted, which was more extensive on the right. The neoplastic cells stained immunohistochemically as T-lymphocytes using antibodies directed against CD3 antigen.
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Huimiao, Jiang, Julie Chepovetsky, Ming Zhou, Wei Sun, Aylin Simsir, Deirdre Cohen, and Allen Leung. "Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney: Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration and review of the literature." CytoJournal 12 (December 4, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.171135.
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Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) was recently described as a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the 2004 World Health Organization classification of kidney tumors. MTSCC is a rare low grade malignancy with < 100 cases reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, there are 5 case reports with a total of 6 patients describing its diagnosis by fine needle aspiration (FNA). All of these cases were diagnosed as conventional RCC on FNA. Subsequent excisions proved them to be MTSCC. We herein report a case in a 67-year-old male. He presented with abdominal pain and was found to have a new colon adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the liver and lungs. The extent of disease made the patient ineligible for surgical excision, and he received chemotherapy. Work-up also revealed a kidney mass which was later biopsied by FNA and core biopsy. The tumor was composed of epithelial and spindled cell components embedded in a myxoid background. It was positive for CK7, AMCAR, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen. The tumor was diagnosed as MTSCC. One year later the kidney mass remained stable. However, the patient developed new metastasis to the liver from colonic primary. The kidney mass was not resected. Although rarely encountered in FNA cytology of the kidney, we believe the cytologic features of this tumor are distinctive and are different from conventional and other subtypes of RCC. Therefore, its accurate diagnosis on FNA is possible once pathologists are aware that MTSCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of kidney tumors.
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Koyama, Satoshi, Kazunori Fujiwara, Kanae Nosaka, Takahiro Fukuhara, Tsuyoshi Morisaki, Naritomo Miyake, Hiroya Kitano, and Hiromi Takeuchi. "Immunohistochemical Features of Primary Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Thyroid: An Autopsy Case." Case Reports in Oncology 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490410.
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Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the thyroid is extremely rare and has been reported in < 1% of all thyroid cancer cases. Primary SCC in the thyroid was thought to be a transitional form derived from adenocarcinomas; therefore, the majority of reported cases have focused on the conjunction with other histological adenocarcinomas. A 73-year-old male presented to our hospital with bilateral vocal fold palsy and an anterior neck mass. Ultrasound sonography revealed a bulky tumor in the thyroid and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. We performed fine-needle aspiration cytology from the thyroid tumor, which revealed SCC. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed distant metastases in the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and vertebra. We diagnosed the patient as having stage IVC SCC in the thyroid and administered weekly paclitaxel. Four and a half months after treatment initiation, the tumor progression resulted in aspiration pneumonia, which proved fatal. We performed an autopsy in accordance with the patient’s wishes. Pathological findings revealed that all carcinomas in the thyroid, cervical lymph nodes, and lungs were pure SCCs. Immunohistochemical examinations for PAX8, thyroglobulin, and TTF-1 were all negative. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas have 3 major positive markers – PAX8, thyroglobulin, and TTF-1 –, and PAX8 is also sometimes positive for SCC in the thyroid. PAX8 positivity of SCC in the thyroid might, however, be associated with conjunction with other histological adenocarcinomas such as papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma; therefore, pure SCC in the thyroid might be negative for PAX8.
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Tatomirovic, Zeljka, Vesna Skuletic, Dragana Pekovic, Vukoica Karlicic, Branka Djurovic, Sasa Ristic, Ljiljana Tomic, Jelena Dzambas, and Snezana Cerovic. "Тhe value of transbronchial needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of stage I and II sarcoidosis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, no. 6 (2017): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp151105080t.
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Background/Aim. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem infmammatory disease of unknown etiology, with the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes the most commonly involved. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) cytology in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis presenting as mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy. Methods. In this retrospective study, 58 patients with suspicion of stage I and II sarcoidosis underwent first flexibile, and then, a rigid bronhoscopy, during which TBNA of mediastinal or hilar lumph node with a 19 gauge (G) needle was done. Material from the needle was put on glass slide and prepared for the cytological and histopathological examination. Results. Out of 58 patients submitted to TBNA of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes, adequate material for cytological diagnostics was obtained in 53 (91.37%). Out of 53 adequate cytological samples, in 38 (71.69%) noncaseous granulomatous inflammation (NGI) was found, while in corresponding histopathological samples, NGI was found in 48 (90.56%), which was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Of cytological smears, out of the cell types typical for granulomatous inflammation, in 26 (63.15%) patients the clusters of the epitheloid cells were found, in 8 (21.05%) there were both, clusters of epitheloid cells and giant multinuclear hystiocytes, and in 6 (15.76%) only single scattered epitheloid cells or small clusters of several epitheloid cells were found. The sensitivity of TBNA cytology in our group of patients with sarcoidosis was 76%, specificity 100% and accuracy 77.34%. Conclusion. TBNA is an efficient and safe procedure in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, minimally invasive and with a little risk of complications. Using 19 G needle enables obtaining material for histological and cytological analyses, as well which contribute to the sensitivity of diagnosting sarcoidosis. The value of this type of diagnostics depends on qualification and experience both of bronchoscopist and cytologist/pathologist, as well, of the interpreter of such a material.
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Haque, Md Nizamul, ASM Jahangir Chowdhury, and Md Yusuf Ali. "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland Metastasizing after a Short Followup to Multiple Distant Bones - a Case Report with a Review of the Literature." Faridpur Medical College Journal 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2016): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v10i2.30277.
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland is a rare disease, but it is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, with poor prognosis. ACC of the lacrimal gland is notorious for its slow growth and tendency to recur despite surgical therapy and following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This tumor type occasionally metastasize via haematogenous spread to lungs, brain and bone in decreasing order of frequency. When it happens, metastases are always multiple and wide. We report a case of a 28-year young man followed in our Hospital with ACC of right lacrimal gland resected on April 2014 and treated with surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy (50Gy total dose). After one years of follow-up, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan reported multiple lytic lesions in distant bones specially to multiple sites of vertebral column. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) confirmed metastasis of ACC. No evidence of other loco-regional or distant metastasis were described. Patient was treated with chemotherapy. After treatment, patient is actually in close follow up.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2015;10(2): 84-86
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Dantas, Gabriela N., Bianca P. Santarosa, Vitor H. Santos, Fernando J. Benesi, and Roberto C. Gonçalves. "Evaluation of pulmonary maturity in bovine neonates: analysis of amniotic fluid." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 8 (August 2019): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5891.
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ABSTRACT: Considering the representativeness of dairy cattle in our country, the concern about the mortality rates of the animals increases each time. Regarding to calf mortality, the Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) has an important relevance during the neonatal period, and it is present in immature lungs. The amniotic fluid is in direct contact with the fetus, and it is able to offer evidence about his maturity. The aim of this study was to standardize the characteristics of the amniotic fluid, color, aspect, viscosity, quantification of lamellar body and surfactant evaluation by the Clements test and cytology, of term-born, mature and healthy calves. There were used 50 Black and White Holstein calves, which mothers were observed at calving in order to collect the amniotic fluid by puncture in the moment of exposure of the fetal membrane through the vaginal canal. Most amniotic fluid had a clear and hazy appearance due to varying degrees of viscosity and the presence or absence of clots. The Clements test could be adapted to the bovine species by the modification consisting in the addition of 3mL of amniotic fluid and 1mL of 95% ethanol. The methodology of the lamellar body count by the automated particle counter is not applicable for the bovine because of the small size of their lamellar body. The Nile Blue staining is unsatisfactory on predicting fetal maturity on the bovine species, different from cytology using Hematoxylin-Shorr stain. The presence of orange cells, increase in large amounts at the end of pregnancy. The cell stained orange counting, cells which are found in great amounts at the end of pregnancy. The present study stablished new parameters for evaluation of fetal and pulmonary maturity in the bovine species.
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Jolie, Rika, Linda Olson, and Lennart Bäckström. "Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology and Hematology: A Comparison between High and Low Health Status Pigs at Three Different Ages." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (September 2000): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200508.
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Bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were performed with a bronchoscope on 5- and 7.5-week-old, anesthetized, high health status pigs ( n = 14). At 10 weeks of age, pigs ( n = 28) were necropsied, lungs were removed, and BAL samples were collected from the right diaphragmatic lobe with a modified 12-Fr (4-mm) Foley catheter. Peripheral blood was sampled from all pigs ( n = 28) before each BAL procedure. Peripheral blood and BAL samples were collected according to a similar study design at 5, 7.5, and 10 weeks of age from 12 low health status pigs, which were raised according to standard farm procedures ( n = 6) or as segregated early weaned pigs ( n = 6). Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and hematologic 95% confidence intervals were determined for 5-, 7.5-, and 10-week-old high (group A) and low health status pigs (groups B and C). The results were compared between the different groups. Repeated BALs were easily performed in all pigs, making this an additional tool for evaluation of respiratory health. Total numbers of cells and neutrophils in peripheral blood and BAL samples were greater in low health status pigs than in high health status pigs. Hematologic results paralleled the findings in BAL fluid. Segregated early weaning of low health status pigs in a less challenging environment mainly reduced the number of neutrophils in BAL samples and peripheral blood.
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Laucirica, Rodolfo, and Mary L. Ostrowski. "Cytology of Nonneoplastic Occupational and Environmental Diseases of the Lung and Pleura." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1700–1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1700-conoae.
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Abstract Context.—Cytologic examination of the respiratory tract has been a useful diagnostic tool when evaluating neoplastic lesions of the respiratory tract. However, we have limited experience in the application of this technique in the management of nonneoplastic occupational and environmental diseases of the lung and pleura. This review focuses on the cytologic characteristics of a variety of occupational lung diseases, grouping them into 2 broad diagnostic categories: reactive cellular changes and noncellular elements. The former includes entities such as reactive mesothelial proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, Creola bodies, and reserve cell hyperplasia, and the latter encompasses Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and asbestos bodies. Objective.—To illustrate the cytologic features of several nonneoplastic occupational and environmental diseases and correlate the cytology with various etiologic agents. Data Sources.—Case-derived material and literature review. Conclusions.—The role of cytology in the diagnosis of nonneoplastic occupational and environmental lung diseases is limited. This may be because more than one agent can elicit a similar host reaction and/or the offending agent can be associated with more than one pathologic process. However, in the appropriate clinical and radiographic setting, the cytology can render valuable diagnostic information. Examples include pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in patients with acute silicoproteinosis and asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage samples of patients with asbestos exposure.
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Putra, M. Afif Heldian, Gama Satria, Dini Rizkie Wijayanti, Legiran, Bermansyah, Ahmat Umar, and Aswin Nugraha. "Sensitivity and Specificity Sputum Cytology Examination to Histopathology Examination of Lung Malignancy Suspect Patient in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang." Sriwijaya Journal of Surgery 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/sjs.v4i1.46.
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Introduction: Incidence of lung cancer highest in Indonesia and the fifth most abundant in female after breast cancer. Lung cancer is first cause of cancer related mortality in male (21.8%) and second cause of cancer related mortality in female (9.1%) after breast cancer (21.4%). The result of study in 100 hospitals in Jakarta showed that lung cancer was the most abundant in male and forth in female. The sputum cytology in lung cancer is an initial examination for diagnosis. The sputum cytology examination is a simple, accurate, cheap and non-invasive for initial diagnosis of lung disease including lung cancer.
Methods: This study targeted lung malignancy suspect patient with sputum cytology examination in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The inclusion criteria were patients who will have a surgery and histopathology examination, patient >17 years old, patient that willingly take part in this research. The exclusion criteria were patient with sputum that can’t be retrieved. This study was using Cross Sectional method. The measurement of sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology to histopathology examination calculated with Thornier-Remain formula.
Results: The lung cancer patient found most in category of > 40 years (63.6%), male and smoking (77.3%). The sputum cytology’s result highest in non-malignancy (86.4%) and the histopathology examination’s result highest in malignancy (72.7%). Sensitivity of sputum cytology in this study is 28.75% and the specificity 100%
Conclusion: The sensitivity of sputum cytology in 28.75% shown accuracy of sputum cytology method and specificity in 100% shown how often the sputum cytology method diagnoses the malignancy
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Bordin, Angela Ilha, Joselyne Bray, Joana Rocha, Diane Markesich, and Noah Cohen. "Safety, tolerance, and effects on alveolar macrophages of a nebulized TLR agonist combination in foals." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 125.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.125.8.
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Abstract The intracellular pathogen R. equi causes pneumonia in foals and people that closely resembles that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Development of resistance to antimicrobials by R. equi and Mtb represents a major health problem for veterinary and human medicine. There is a need for control methods and treatment alternative to the use of antibiotics. Our alternative approach is to use a TLR2/6 and TLR9 agonist combination known as PUL-042 to stimulate innate immunity in the lungs. Our objectives were to evaluate safety and ex vivo efficacy of PUL-042 (Pulmotect Inc, Houston, TX) in newborn foals. Ten newborn foals were divided in 2 groups (PUL-042 and saline control) and submitted to a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on day 2 of age, 6 nebulizations in a 2-week interval and a second BAL 24 h after the last nebulization. BAL cells were infected with a virulent strain of R. equi, and then lysed at either 0 h (T0) and after 48 h of culture (T48). Supernatants were saved for determination of INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 concentration by ELISA. PUL-042 did not induce either adverse effects or airway inflammation in foals, as assessed by clinical examination and BAL cytology. At the tested doses, nebulization of PUL-042 did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect ex vivo killing capacity of R. equi by AMs of foals at 2 and 21 days of age relative to controls. Results of cytokines are pending. Repeat nebulization of newborn foals with PUL-042 did not induce any adverse effects nor an inflammatory response in the lungs. At the dose tested, PUL-042 did not affect the killing capacity of R. equi by AMs, but its effects on other immune cells, and at other doses, need further evaluation.
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Grygoruk, O. G., D. A. Tsoi, L. M. Bazulina, and I. V. Vihlyanov. "Small‑cell lung carcinoma. Cytological diagnosis." Malignant tumours 12, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18027/2224-5057-2022-12-1-36-43.
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The purpose of this article is to evaluate the possibilities of cytology for lung neuroendocrine tumors (small‑cell lung carcinoma and carcinoids) diagnostics. Cytology specimens obtained by bronchoscopy (n = 112), biopsy of metastatic lymph nodes (n = 27) or from pleural effusion (n = 8) were collected within over 1 year from 147 patients and studied. Small-cell lung carcinoma was diagnosed in 143 patients, representing 23,9 % of all lung carcinomas. The proportion of carcinoid tumors was 2,7 % of all neuroendocrine tumors. Typical carcinoid was observed in three cases, and atypical carcinoid — in one case. Cytologic features most significant for cytological diagnosis of small‑cell lung carcinoma and carcinoids were identified (n = 11). Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the proportion of accurate cytological diagnosis of small‑cell lung carcinoma and carcinoids was 96,69 %. Cytology is a reliable method for neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis. Immunocytochemistry with neuroendocrine markers along with light microscopy should be used to differentiate small‑cell lung carcinoma metastases from other tumors and non‑malignant pathology in pleural effusion specimens.
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Xu, Huihong, Laura Bratton, Michael Nead, Donna Russell, and Zhongren Zhou. "Comparison of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunostain for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma between paired cytological and surgical specimens." CytoJournal 15 (December 24, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_2_18.
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Background: programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand for the inhibitory programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1), which are targeted by several anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 drugs for lung cancer treatment. In clinical practice, many lung cancer cases only have cytology samples available to test PD-L1. Our current study compared the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) between paired cytological and surgical samples. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed lung cancer tissue microarray and paired cell blocks and surgical specimens from the same patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 29) and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 23) were sectioned for PD-L1 IHC. Results: PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 16 of 29 (55%) SCC surgical specimens and 18 of 29 (62%) paired cytologic specimens with 83% matched immunostains. PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 13 of 23 (57%) AC surgical specimens and in 17 of 23 (74%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 20 of 23 (87%) AC surgical specimens and in 15 of 23 (65%) paired cytologic specimens with 70% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 18 of 29 (62%) SCC surgical specimens and in 12 of 29 (41%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. Conclusions: PD-L1 immunostain in cytology samples matched very well with paired surgical samples in both SCC and AC cases. The cytologic samples present slightly higher sensitivity for PD-L1 immunostain on tumor cells as compared to surgical biopsies.
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Jorda, M., F. Mousavi, C. Gomez-Fernandez, Z. Maleki, G. Walker, and P. Ganjei-Azar. "P63 in cytologic material is helpful for detection of squamous differentiation in non-small cell carcinomas of lung and treatment selection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 18052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18052.
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18052 Background: Bevacizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel improves overall response and survival in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung carcinoma. However, this drug is not recommended in patients with carcinomas with squamous differentiation. Therefore, identification of squamous cell component is desirable. In many instances, cytology is the diagnostic tool of choice; however, routine cytomorphology is limited in classification of non small-cell carcinomas into squamous and non-squamous subtypes. The aim of this study is to identify the value of immunocytochemistry for p63 in this distinction. Methods: Review of cytology records identified 51 consecutive pulmonary specimens with the diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma (9 squamous cell carcinomas and 42 carcinomas without squamous differentiation). Histologically, they proved to be 26 squamous cell carcinomas and 25 non-small cell carcinomas without squamous differentiation. P63 immunocytochemical stain was performed on archival alcohol-fixed Papanicolaou stained cytology slides, using standard immunocytochemical methods. Results: Twenty-three (88 %) of the 26 histologically proven squamous cell carcinomas were positive for p63 on cytologic smears. Using p63, we detected 14 carcinomas with squamous differentiation not identified by cytomorphology. Smears from all carcinomas with squamous differentiation were positive for p63. Sensitivity of cytology for the detection of squamous differentiation increased from 35% to 88% using p63 immunocytochemistry (p=0.001, McNemar’s test). Four carcinomas with squamous differentiation were detected only in cytologic and not in corresponding histologic samples. Conclusions: 1- p63 is a useful marker for the detection of squamous differentiation in cytologic pulmonary samples; 2- p63 immunocytochemistry significantly increases the sensitivity for the identification of squamous cell carcinomas of lung from 35% to 88% (p=0.001); 3- p63 immunocytochemistry should be used in all pulmonary cytologic samples with a diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma to improve therapeutic selection of patients; 4- Cytologic sampling may provide better representation of tumor subtypes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Reynolds, Jordan P., Jesse S. Voss, Shannon M. Brankley, Jill M. Caudill, Michael R. Henry, Amy C. Clayton, Kevin C. Halling, and Aziza Nassar. "Diagnostic accuracy of bronchial brush cytology and the added value of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors." CytoJournal 11 (December 3, 2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.146120.
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Background: Bronchial brush (BB) cytology carries low sensitivity for detecting neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), including typical carcinoid (TC) tumors of the lung. We aimed to investigate the detection of neuroendocrine tumors including TC through BB routine cytology cell block (CB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Materials and Methods: A SNOMED search showed 187 lung biopsy or resection specimens from 2008 through 2011 containing neuroendocrine or carcinoid in the diagnosis. Residual BB specimens retained in PreservCyt were used to prepare a ThinPrep slide for FISH analysis. CBs were stained with H and E and IHC for chromogranin and synaptophysin. Results: Of the 187 cases, 16 had residual BB material available within 1 year of diagnosis and were used in CB preparation for IHC and FISH slides. Cytologic evaluation determined 1 case positive for malignancy (small cell lung carcinoma [SCLC]), 1 suspicious for adenocarcinoma, and 14 negative for malignancy. On the basis of histologic diagnosis, FISH was performed. SCLC showed polysomy (86% abnormal cells); 2 TC tumors showed a gain of 7p12 (15% abnormal cells) and a gain of 5q15 (72% abnormal cells), respectively. Two cases had CBs with positive immunoreactivity for chromogranin and synaptophysin. The sensitivity for detection of NEC was 18.8%, 15.4%, and 25% for cytologic evaluation, CB, and FISH, respectively. Conclusion: Neuroendocrine tumors, including TC are difficult to detect with BB cytologic evaluation, most likely because tumor cells lack in the specimen. Assessment of further studies is needed to explore the role of cytology and ancillary methods for detection of these tumors.
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Bak, Mihály, Judit Hidvégi, Judit Andi, Mária Bahéry, Eszter Kovács, Ferenc Schneider, Szilárd Kostic, et al. "Quality assurance of rapid on-site evaluation of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung nodules." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 1 (January 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29519.
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Introduction: The methods available for the diagnosis of lung cancer include radiologic, cytologic and pathologic procedures. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the quality assurance of CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung nodules. Methods: Cytology results were rated to 4 categories (positive; suspicious; negative; not representative). All cytology reports were compared with the final histology diagnosis. Results: A total of 128 patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology (63 males; 65 females; mean age 62.8 years). Smears were adequate in 99 cases and inadequate in 29 cases. The average diameter of the nodules was 3.28 cm. Thirty three (25.6%) of the cases were histologically verified and 2 falsely negative and 2 falsely positive cases were detected. The sensitivity and the positive predictive value were 88.8% and 88.8%, respectively. Pneumothorax developed in 7 (5.4%) cases. Conclusion: These results suggest that CT-guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology has a high diagnostic accuracy and an acceptable complication rate. The auditing valves of the results meet the proposed threshold values. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 28–32.
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Musoni, Emile, Alphonse Niyodusenga, Sylvain Iradukunda, and Consolee Uwamahoro. "Contribution of fine needle aspiration and auramine tests in diagnosis of Tuberculosis lymphadenitis at Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK), Rwanda." Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v3i1.10.
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Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis affects mainly the lungs but other organs of the body are involved. TB lymphadenitis is most common in extrapulmonary TB. Lymphadenitis is the infection or inflammation of the lymph nodes which are essential in immune response of the body.
Objective
To evaluate the contribution of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and auramine tests in the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis.
Methods
Smears from lymph node aspirates were prepared. Air-dried smears were stained by auramine staining for AFB examination and Diff-Quick staining cytological technique to detect malignant cells and other pathology. The slides were examined by laboratory technologists and the pathologist.
Results
Results are based on a total number of 137 samples; 58 (42.33%) cases were auramine positive for TB lymphadenitis while other 79 (57.67%) suspected cases were non TB lymphadenitis. Necrotizing lymphadenitis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, chronic lymphadenitis, acute lymphadenitis and reactive lymphadenitis represented 21.19%; 13.14%; 1.42%; 2.19%; and 19.71% respectively.
Conclusion
The use of auramine test and FNA cytology should be considered as useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. These techniques are less expensive, quick, safe and show low complication rate.
Keywords: TB lymphadenitis; fine needle aspiration; auramine test
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Roy-Chowdhuri, Sinchita, Dara L. Aisner, Timothy Craig Allen, Mary Beth Beasley, Alain Borczuk, Philip T. Cagle, Vera Capelozzi, et al. "Biomarker Testing in Lung Carcinoma Cytology Specimens: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 140, no. 11 (April 15, 2016): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0091-sa.
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The advent of targeted therapy in lung cancer has heralded a paradigm shift in the practice of cytopathology with the need for accurately subtyping lung carcinoma, as well as providing adequate material for molecular studies, to help guide clinical and therapeutic decisions. The variety and versatility of cytologic-specimen preparations offer significant advantages to molecular testing; however, they frequently remain underused. Therefore, evaluating the utility and adequacy of cytologic specimens is critical, not only from a lung cancer diagnosis standpoint but also for the myriad ancillary studies that are necessary to provide appropriate clinical management. A large fraction of lung cancers are diagnosed by aspiration or exfoliative cytology specimens, and thus, optimizing strategies to triage and best use the tissue for diagnosis and biomarker studies forms a critical component of lung cancer management. This review focuses on the opportunities and challenges of using cytologic specimens for molecular diagnosis of lung cancer and the role of cytopathology in the molecular era.