Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lung conditions

Academic literature on the topic 'Lung conditions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lung conditions"

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Khoiroh, Ummul. "Marble Dust Exposure Relationship to Workers‘ Lung Conditions in Marble Industries." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i4.2020.285-291.

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Introduction: Marbel mining in Tulungagung caused air quality pollution of dust. The level of air pollution in the marble industrial mining area in Besole village, Tulungagung, was a high category. Air pollutions from dust cause fibrosis in the lungs if continuously inhaled. This marble dust belongs to the group of differentiative dust—pulmonary disorders due to dust in the form of restriction, obstruction, or mixture of the two. The study aims to analyze the internal factors related to lung conditions in one of the Besole Village industries, Tulungagung. Method: research that has been done using cross-sectional design through a quantitative approach. Determination of the sample size by simple random sampling. Twenty-four workers consisting of 12 exposed and 12 were not exposed to dust. Result and Discussion: The results of measurements of marble dust levels in the study area were 20,000 mg/m3, which exceeds the specified threshold value. Meanwhile, the statistical test value p= 0.000 means a relationship between dust levels and the condition of workers’ lungs in the exposed area. Most workers’ lung conditions in one of the Besole village industries are quite good. Conclusion: The condition of the lungs is closely related to dust levels that exceed the threshold value. The lungs’ condition is also influenced by work time and poor behavior, namely the habit of not wearing PPE and smoking habits, causing decreased lung function.
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Harding, R. "Sustained alterations in postnatal respiratory function following sub-optimal intrauterine conditions." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 3 (1995): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950431.

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This paper reviews recent evidence from epidemiological, follow-up and experimental studies that sub-optimal conditions during gestation can cause alterations in respiratory function that persist during postnatal life. Several studies indicate that placental insufficiency, which can be associated with fetal substrate deprivation, hypoxia and low birthweight, may be followed by evidence of respiratory compromise in later life. Similarly, it is becoming evident that maternal smoking affects fetal lung development and that the effects can persist into postnatal life. A reduced period of fetal development, due to preterm birth, may be associated with prolonged postnatal respiratory consequences which are independent of factors operating during the early postnatal period. Disorders of pregnancy that compress the fetal lungs, or that cause the abolition of fetal breathing movements, commonly lead to lung hypoplasia. We have been interested in the prenatal causes and postnatal effects of fetal lung hypoplasia and have used an ovine model of lung hypoplasia induced by prolonged removal of amniotic fluid. This leads to a reduction in the expansion of the fetal lungs which appears to be a common underlying cause of fetal lung hypoplasia. Studies of lung function in lambs chronically exposed as fetuses to a lack of amniotic fluid showed that, although lung hypoplasia was apparently present throughout the 28-day postnatal study period, major alterations in respiratory function were attributable to changes in chest wall compliance. Thus, it is apparent that sub-optimal intrauterine conditions can have lasting effects on the structure and function of respiratory organs. Available evidence indicates that the degree to which these organs can recover postnatally may be restricted.
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Maulana, Rizal, Alfatehan Arsya Baharin, and Hurriyatul Fitriyah. "Classification of lung condition for early diagnosis of pneumonia and tuberculosis based on embedded system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.3033.

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The lungs are the main organs in the respiratory system that have a function as a place for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Due to the importance of lung function, indications of lung disorders must be detected and diagnosed early. Research on the classification of lung conditions generally uses chest x-ray image data. Where a time-consuming procedure is needed to obtain the data. In this research, an embedded system to diagnose lung conditions was designed. The system was made to be easy to use independently and provides real-time examination results. This system uses parameters of body temperature, oxygen saturation, fingernail color and lung volume in classifying lung conditions. There are three conditions that can be classified by the system, that is healthy lungs, pneumonia and tuberculosis. The k-nearest neighbor method was used in the classification process in the designed system. The dataset used was 51 data obtained from the hospital. Each data already has a label in the form of lung condition based on the doctor’s diagnosis. The proposed system has an accuracy of 88.24% in classifying lung conditions.
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Robinson, Clive, Jihui Zhang, Gary K. Newton, and Trevor R. Perrior. "Nonhuman targets in allergic lung conditions." Future Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 2 (February 2013): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.12.204.

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Quanjer, Philip H. "Lung function, genetics and socioeconomic conditions." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 6 (May 31, 2015): 1529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00053115.

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Semotánová, M., and J. Semotán. "Lung cancer: impact of mental conditions." Lung Cancer 21 (September 1998): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(98)90104-0.

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Oechsner, Markus, Eberhard D. Pracht, Daniel Staeb, Johannes F. T. Arnold, Herbert Köstler, Dietbert Hahn, Meinrad Beer, and Peter M. Jakob. "Lung imaging under free-breathing conditions." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 61, no. 3 (December 18, 2008): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21846.

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Beck, K. C., and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Pulmonary blood flow vs. gas volume at various perfusion pressures in rabbit lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 2004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.6.2004.

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To obtain a detailed description of the dependence of pulmonary blood flow on changes in lung volume, we perfused isolated rabbit lungs with homologous blood at 37 degrees C while controlling vascular pressures during lung deflation. We set pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary venous pressure (Ppv) to constant values relative to alveolar pressure (Palv) to keep the effective driving pressure for flow constant during lung deflation from total lung capacity (TLC) to 25% TLC. The shapes of the flow vs. lung volume curves were dependent on the levels of Ppa-Palv and Ppv-Palv at which they were obtained. When Ppv greater than Palv throughout the lung (zone 3 conditions), flow increased as the lungs were deflated from TLC, independent of the level of Ppa-Palv. When Ppv less than Palv (zone 2 conditions) and Ppa-Palv was moderately high, flow increased as the lungs were deflated from 100 to approximately 50% TLC, then decreased at lower lung volumes. When Ppa - Palv was less than 10 cmH2O in zone 2 conditions, flow decreased monotonically during deflation from TLC. We concluded that the dependence of blood flow on lung volume is complex, which may be a reflection of the nonlinear pressure-diameter properties of pulmonary vessels.
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Hirai, T., K. A. McKeown, R. F. M. Gomes, and J. H. T. Bates. "Effects of lung volume on lung and chest wall mechanics in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.16.

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To investigate the effect of lung volume on chest wall and lung mechanics in the rats, we measured the impedance (Z) under closed- and open-chest conditions at various positive end-expiratory pressures (0–0.9 kPa) by using a computer-controlled small-animal ventilator (T. F. Schuessler and J. H. T. Bates. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 42: 860–866, 1995) that we have developed for determining accurately the respiratory Z in small animals. The Z of total respiratory system and lungs was measured with small-volume oscillations between 0.25 and 9.125 Hz. The measured Z was fitted to a model that featured a constant-phase tissue compartment (with dissipation and elastance characterized by constants G and H, respectively) and a constant airway resistance (Z. Hantos, B. Daroczy, B. Suki, S. Nagy, and J. J. Fredberg. J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 168–178, 1992). We matched the lung volume between the closed- and open-chest conditions by using the quasi-static pressure-volume relationship of the lungs to calculate Z as a function of lung volume. Resistance decreased with lung volume and was not significantly different between total respiratory system and lungs. However, G and H of the respiratory system were significantly higher than those of the lungs. We conclude that chest wall in rats has a significant influence on tissue mechanics of the total respiratory system.
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Borczuk, Alain C. "Benign Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions of the Lung." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-1133-btatco.

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Abstract Context.—Benign tumors and tumorlike conditions of the lung are encountered in the pathologic evaluation of asymptomatic and symptomatic lung nodules. Since many of these lesions are uncommon, they can be diagnostically challenging. Objective.—To review the current classification of benign lung tumors, with emphasis on histopathology and useful ancillary studies. Data Sources.—The current World Health Organization classification system for lung neoplasms and review of relevant publications. Conclusions.—Despite improved imaging techniques, benign lung nodules are encountered in wedge biopsy and resection specimens. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular techniques ensure accurate pathologic diagnosis and have shed light on the histogenesis of these unusual lesions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lung conditions"

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Arikatla, Swetha. "Effect of Tumor Microenvironmental Conditions on Non Small Cell Lung Cancer." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/126.

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Tumor microenvironmental conditions play a vital role in promoting metastasis and tumor recurrence. Due to inefficient vasculature, cancer cells experience hypoxia, glucose deprivation and low pH even during the early stages of tumor growth. Tumor cells are proposed to adapt to these microenvironmental conditions by acquiring increased migratory and invasion potential and tumor initiating ability. Our research addresses the effect of these biochemical factors of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NCI-H292 and NCI-H1650 NSCLC cell lines were used to measure the effect of the above mentioned TME conditions. Apart from acidic pH, low glucose and hypoxia, the effect of high glucose conditions was also measured on H292 and H1650 cell lines. Acidic pH, high and low glucose conditions were observed to have no effect on the motility, EMT and stemness of H1650 cell line. Hence, use of this cell line was discontinued and no further treatment conditions were tested on this cell line. In H292 cell line, acidic pH, low glucose and tumor like conditions combined together (acidic pH + low glucose + hypoxia) [AP+LG+HYP] significantly decreased motility whereas hypoxia significantly increased the motility of H292 cells. High glucose did not affect the motility of H292 cells. Although N-cadherin, a mesenchymal marker, expression was significantly upregulated by acidic pH, high and low glucose conditions, no direct correlation was observed between N-cadherin expression and motility. E-cadherin expression was not affected by acidic pH, high and low glucose conditions. An increase in N-cadherin expression and no change in E-cadherin expression under these conditions might be an indication of partial EMT. Hypoxia and AP+LG+HYP did not alter the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Although expression of vimentin, another mesenchymal marker, and Sox2, a cancer stem cell marker (CSC), was observed at the mRNA level, no expression of vimentin and Sox2 proteins was observed in H292 cells under any of these treatment conditions. The expression of OCT4, another CSC marker, was also not observed at the protein level in H292 cells. HIF-1α expression was observed in H292 cells under normoxic conditions and was unaffected by hypoxia and AP+LG+HYP. Therefore our research indicates that the effect of these TME conditions might be different on different cancer cell lines or cancer types. Not all cancers may depend on EMT for metastasis. An increase in metastasis under hypoxia may be independent of HIF-1α.
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Nilsson, Manja. "Endogenous Nitric Oxide Production and Pulmonary Blood Flow : during different experimental lung conditions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-157162.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of pulmonary blood flow and attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Nitric oxide is synthesized enzymatically in a number of tissues, including the lungs, and can also be generated from reduction of nitrite during hypoxia and acidosis. Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator, with no effects on systemic arterial blood pressure due to inactivation by hemoglobin in the blood. INO has distant effects both within the lungs and in other organs, since NO can be transported to remote tissues bound to proteins, or as more stable molecules of nitrite and nitrate. In healthy pigs, INO causes vasoconstriction and down regulation of endogenous NO production in lung regions not reached by INO, and predominantly so in hypoxic lung regions, i.e. augmentation of HPV. In this thesis, distant effects of INO in pigs with endotoxemic- and lavage-induced lung injuries were studied. INO increased the NO production in lung regions not reached by INO in endotoxemic pigs, whereas endogenous NO production was unaffected in pigs with lavage-induced injury. Metabolic and/or hypercapnic acidosis frequently occurs in critically ill patients, but whether acidosis affects the endogenous pulmonary NO production is unclear. The regional NO production and blood flow in hyperoxic and hypoxic lung regions, were studied during metabolic and hypercapnic acidosis. Neither metabolic, nor hypercapnic acidosis changed the endogenous NO production in hyperoxic or hypoxic lung regions. Metabolic acidosis potentiated HPV, whereas hypercapnic acidosis transiently attenuated HPV. In conclusion, the present thesis has demonstrated that INO in experimental sepsis increases the endogenous NO production in lung regions not reached by INO, which may cause increased shunt and poor response to INO. This distant effect is not seen in lavage injuried lungs, an experimental model with less inflammation. Acidosis does not affect the endogenous pulmonary NO production in hyperoxic or hypoxic lung regions. Whereas metabolic acidosis potentiates HPV, hypercapnic acidosis transiently attenuates HPV, due to a combination of hypercapnia-induced increase in cardiac output and a probable vasodilating effect of the CO2-molecule.
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Takahashi, Mamoru. "Inhibition of Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling ameliorates lung ischemia‐reperfusion injury in acute hyperglycemic conditions." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253198.

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Mateu, Jiménez Mercè 1990. "Mechanisms and pathways involved in lung tumor development in patients with chronic respiratory conditions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664501.

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Chronic respiratory diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and several molecular mechanisms may predispose to lung cancer (LC) development. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that different biological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory events and epigenetic alterations may alter key cellular processes that are strongly involved in tumor initiation and progression in COPD patients. Objectives: In tumor and non-tumor lungs and in blood, to explore potential differences between LC patients with and without COPD, in several biological mechanisms that underlie lung tumor development. To evaluate the different profile of these molecular mechanisms between tumor and non-tumor lungs in either LC or LC-COPD patients. Methods: In lung specimens (tumor and non-tumor), oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant systems, Th1 and Th2 cytokines, M1 and M2 macrophages, epigenetic events and downstream biomarkers were determined in LC patients with and without COPD. Redox balance markers and Th1 and Th2 cytokines were also evaluated in the blood compartment of LC patients with and without COPD. Results: In tumor lungs and in the blood of LC patients with COPD, an increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was observed, and an upregulation of the Th1 inflammatory response. Expression of specific microRNAs, DNA methylation levels and downstream biomarkers were altered in the lung tumors of LC patients with COPD, which in turn, promoted an increase in cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. In the tumor lungs of LC patients with and without COPD, redox and nitrosative imbalance was higher, Th1 and Th2 cytokines were greater and epigenetic events and downstream biomarkers were altered. Conclusions: A different expression profile of several molecular mechanisms, involved in tumor development, exist in lung tumors and in blood of LC patients with COPD, which may predispose COPD patients to a higher risk of developing LC.
Las enfermedades crónicas respiratorias, y en especial la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), así como diversos mecanismos moleculares, podrían ser factores de predisposición al desarrollo de cáncer de pulmón (CP). Hipótesis: La hipótesis de trabajo fue que diferentes mecanismos biológicos como el estrés oxidativo, los procesos inflamatorios y las modificaciones epigenéticas, podrían alterar diversos procesos celulares involucrados en el inicio y en la progresión tumoral en pacientes con EPOC. Objetivos: En tejido pulmonar (tumoral y no tumoral) y en sangre, explorar las diferencias potenciales entre pacientes con CP con y sin EPOC, en diversos mecanismos biológicos que subyacen el desarrollo del tumor pulmonar. Evaluar el perfil diferente de estos mecanismos moleculares entre el pulmón tumoral y no tumoral, tanto en pacientes con CP como en pacientes con CP y EPOC. Métodos: Se determinaron marcadores de estrés oxidativo y nitrosativo, sistemas antioxidantes, citosinas Th1 y Th2, eventos epigenéticos y sus biomarcadores efectores, en el pulmón tumoral y no tumoral de pacientes con CP, con y sin EPOC. También se evaluó el estrés oxidativo y nitrosativo, así como las citosinas Th1 y Th2, en la sangre de pacientes con CP, con y sin EPOC. Resultados: En el tumor pulmonar y en la sangre de los pacientes con CP y EPOC, se observó un aumento del estrés oxidativo y nitrosativo, así como un incremento de la respuesta inflamatoria Th1. La expresión de microRNAs específicos, los niveles de metilación del ADN, y los biomarcadores efectores se vieron alterados en el tumor pulmonar de pacientes con CP y EPOC, lo que a su vez promovió en estos pacientes un aumento de la proliferación celular, la invasión y la angiogénesis. En el tumor pulmonar de los pacientes con CP, con y sin EPOC, se observó un aumento del estrés oxidativo y nitrosativo, un incremento de las citosinas Th1 y Th2, así como alteraciones en los eventos epigenéticos y en los niveles de los biomarcadores efectores. Conclusiones: En los tumores pulmonares y en la sangre de los pacientes con CP y EPOC, existe un perfil de expresión diferente de diversos mecanismos moleculares implicados en el desarrollo tumoral, lo que podría predisponer a los pacientes con EPOC a un mayor riesgo de desarrollar CP.
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Wolstenholme, Jane. "Counting the costs of cancer care : breast, cervical and lung cancer in Trent." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12097/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the theory, practice and application of costing with specific reference to cancer. In part it reviews the theory and guidelines related to costing methods including the recent focus on the analytical techniques used with cost data. In addition it examines how these theories and guidelines are applied in practice, by reviewing the literature on costs and cancer. The empirical research in this thesis applies costing methods to three specific cancer sites; breast, cervix and lung. This analysis provides information on the total burden of these specified cancers in terms of cost to a typical health authority (Trent). It also explores the hypothesis highlighted in previous studies that the cost of cancer increases with the stage of the disease. The final area of contribution for the thesis is in the application of recently suggested analytical techniques for cost data to the breast, cervical and lung cancer data sets; it investigates a number of proposed techniques for the analysis of skewed cost data and methods for data with incomplete patient follow up.
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Hoffmann, Franziska Marie [Verfasser]. "Distribution and interactions of pulmonary phagocytes in the murine lung under steady-state conditions and after allergen challenge / Franziska Marie Hoffmann." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149417862/34.

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Soysouvanh, Frédéric. "Sénescence cellulaire radio-induite : application à l’irradiation pulmonaire en conditions stéréotaxiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS465.

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La radiothérapie constitue l’une des principales modalités de traitement des cancers, mais elle est associée à des atteintes radio-induites aux tissus sains. Les cellules endothéliales (CE) du système vasculaire sont connues pour participer à l’évolution de ces lésions. La sénescence cellulaire est un puissant mécanisme suppresseur de tumeurs mais sa persistance est délétère pour l’homéostasie tissulaire. La présence de cellules sénescentes dans les lésions radio-induites est déjà démontrée mais leur rôle reste encore à élucider. Nous avons cherché à identifier et à comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la sénescence radio-induite (SRI) ainsi que son rôle dans le développement des lésions après irradiation pulmonaire en conditions stéréotaxiques. In vivo, à l’aide de souris exprimant le gène de la luciférase, placé sous le contrôle de p16, acteur majeur de la sénescence, nous avons détecté des cellules sénescentes au sein de la lésion radio-induite. Nous avons observé par imagerie bioluminescente l’activation de p16 dans le champ d’irradiation et sa persistance jusqu’à 21 mois après irradiation. L’analyse des poumons a révélé une forte hétérogénéité des populations de cellules sénescentes, notamment des pneumocytes, des macrophages et des CE. L’analyse transcriptionnelle de 44 gènes liés à la sénescence, sur 6 types de CE, a montré que les CE de veine ombilicale (HUVEC) sont les plus pertinentes pour étudier la SRI. Le profil moléculaire dynamique des HUVEC a été analysé après 9 doses d’irradiation à différents pas de temps. Une analyse mathématique et bio-informatique approfondie a identifié la voie de l’IL-1 comme acteur clef impactant la sénescence
Radiotherapy is the main modality in cancer treatment but is associated with radiation damages on healthy tissues. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a key role in the evolution of radiation-induced normal tissue injuries. Cellular senescence is a powerful tumor suppressor mechanism but, long-term senescence is deleterious for tissue homeostasis. The presence of senescent cells within the radiation-induced lesions has been shown but their role is not well understood. We aimed to identify and understand the molecular mechanisms involved in radiation-induced senescence (RIS) and its role in radiation-induced lung injuries after stereotactic irradiation. In vivo, using luciferase knock-in mice (p16Ink4-LUC) to detect activation of a senescence player, we explored the presence of senescent cells in radiation-induced pulmonary injury. After high-dose lung irradiation of p16Ink4-LUC mice and using bioluminescence imaging we showed the overexpression of p16 in the irradiation field and its persistence up to 21 months after radiation exposure. Immunostainings revealed a panel of heterogeneous senescent cells including pneumocytes, macrophages and ECs. mRNA expression of 44 genes involved in senescence in 6 human primary irradiated ECs revealed that Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) are the most relevant in term of gene expression. The dynamic molecular profile associated to RIS in HUVECs was analyzed after 9 doses and 7 time points. Using a deep mathematical/bioinformatics analysis, we deciphered the dynamical transcriptional program involved in RIS and we identified IL1-signaling pathway as a key molecular hub which could modulate the senescence phenotype
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Wesche-Franke, Andrea [Verfasser], and Max [Akademischer Betreuer] Schobert. "Characterisation of methionine metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under conditions resembling a chronic cystic fibrosis lung infection / Andrea Wesche-Franke ; Betreuer: Max Schobert." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1175820873/34.

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Guerrero, Karen. "Organisation structurale et fonction métabolique des unités énergétiques intracellulaires (ICEUs) dans le muscle cardiaque et squelettique : conditions physiologiques et pathophysiologiques : [Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10244.

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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse principalement à la régulation de la respiration mitochondriale in situ dans les cellules de muscle cardiaque et squelettiques. L'oxygraphie, la spectrophotométrie et la microscopie confocale sur cellules isolées ou fibres musculaires perméabilisées à la saponine ont été utilisées ainsi que la modélisation mathématique. Dans les cellules musculaires, les mitochondries sont organisées de manière très précise tel un ‘cristal'. Cet arrangement intracellulaire serait la base d'une organisation à la fois structurale et fonctionnelle au sein desquelles les mitochondries sont couplées fonctionnellement par le cytosquelette aux autres organelles : réticulum sarcoplasmique et myofibrilles : les ICEUs (ou unités énergétiques intracellulaires). Au sein des cellules cardiaques, il existe 2 niveaux de régulation de la respiration mitochondriale par l'ADP exogène : la perméabilité de la membrane mitochondriale externe (VDAC) et des restrictions localisées de diffusion de l'ADP au voisinage des mitochondries. La β-tubuline participe indirectement à ces mécanismes de régulation de même que la protéine STOP, une protéine associée aux microtubules. Ces données expérimentales sont utiles pour expliquer les aspects métaboliques de la loi de Frank-Starling dans le cœur. Cette notion d'ICEU peut servir de diagnostic lors de l'étude clinique du métabolisme énergétique chez des transplantés pulmonaires avant et après un programme d'entraînement à domicile
The aim of this work was to study the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in situ in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Oxygraphy, spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy on saponin-permeabilized muscle cells or fibers were used as well as mathematic modelisation. In muscle cells, mitochondria are ordered very precisely in ‘a crystal like pattern'. This intracellular arrangement could be the basis of a structural and functional organisation within which mitochondria are functionally coupled by cytoskeleton to the other organelles: sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils: ICEUs (intracellular energetic units). In cardiac cells, there are two levels of regulation of mitochondrial respiration by exogenous ADP: permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane (VDAC) and localized restrictions of ADP diffusion in the neighbourhood of mitochondria. β-tubulin and STOP protein, a microtubule-associated protein, participate indirectly to these mechanisms of regulation. These experimental data are useful for explaining the metabolic aspects of the Frank-Starling law of the heart. The notion of ICEU can be diagnostically used in clinical study of energetic metabolism of lung recipients transplants before and after a home-interval training program
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Ansari, Naser A. (Naser Awni). "Purification and Characterization of a Differentiation Factor From Rat Lung Conditioned Medium." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798062/.

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A Differentiation Factor (DF) was purified from rat lung conditioned medium by a four-steps procedure. The DF has a molecular weight of 27000, and an isoelectric point of 4.70. Although DF is stable up to 60°C, it is sensitive to digestion by trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin. DF forms granulocyte colonies in soft agar. Studies using anti-NRK CSF antibody demonstrated that DF is distinct from GM-CSF.
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Books on the topic "Lung conditions"

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1950-, Bach John R., ed. Pulmonary rehabilitation: The obstructive and paralytic conditions. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 1996.

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Saul, Suster, ed. Tumors and tumor-like conditions of the lung and pleura. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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Moran, Cesar. Tumors and tumor-like conditions of the lung and pleura. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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Čhirāyusawat, Thanō̜msak. Kāntalāt lung Hō hǣng Wīatnām. Krung Thēp: Prāt Samnakphim, 2011.

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Church, Martin, and Clive Robinson, eds. Eicosanoids in Inflammatory Conditions of the Lung, Skin and Joints. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1283-0.

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Jacobs, Chip. Smogtown: The lung-burning history of pollution in Los Angeles. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2008.

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1953-, Kelly William J., ed. Smogtown: The lung-burning history of pollution in Los Angeles. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2008.

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Xiang zhen lie ying: Ru xuan ji jing xuan zuo pin ji = Realistic shots from country towns : photographs of Hsieh Chen-lung. Taibei Xian Xindian Shi: Xie Zhenlong zhuan ye she ying gong zuo shi, 1992.

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Chuchalin, A. G. Khronicheskie obstruktivnye bolezni legkikh. Moskva: Izd-vo BINOM, 2000.

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Regàs, Rosa. Luna lunera. Barcelona: Debolsillo, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lung conditions"

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Isaacs, Hart. "Lung Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions." In Tumors of the Fetus and Infant, 301–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31620-3_17.

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Wright, Fred W. "Lung and Tracheo-Bronchial Tumours - main types." In Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 137–62. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272967-4.

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Bonniaud, Philippe, and Philippe Camus. "Rare and Emergent Drug-Induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Conditions: A Guide to Their Recognition and Management." In Orphan Lung Diseases, 541–80. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2401-6_34.

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Wright, Fred W. "Less Common Lung and Bronchial Tumours; Bronchiolo-Alveolar Ca., Carcinoids, Hamartomas, Reticuloses, Protein Disorders, Lung Deposits and Leukaemia." In Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 163–210. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272967-5.

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Wright, Fred W. "Lung Consilidation, Ground Glass Shadowing, Obstructive Emphysema, Collateral Air-draft, Mucocoeles, patterns of Collapse, Lung Torsion and Herniation." In Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 61–101. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272967-2.

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Wright, Fred W. "Lung Cancer (a) Diagnosis and Causes, Smoking Habits, etc." In Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 809–58. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272967-24.

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Wright, Fred W. "Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases." In Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 607–729. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272967-19.

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Weissferdt, Annikka, and Cesar A. Moran. "Tumor-like Conditions and Benign Tumors of the Lung." In Diagnostic Pathology of Pleuropulmonary Neoplasia, 401–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0787-5_13.

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Biervliet, J. D., J. A. Peper, C. M. Roos, A. J. vd Kleij, D. J. Bakker, and H. M. Jansen. "Whole Lung Lavage under Hyperbaric Conditions:1. The Monitoring." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV, 115–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3428-0_10.

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van der Kleij, A. J., J. A. K. Peper, J. D. Biervliet, D. J. Bakker, C. M. Roos, and H. M. Jansen. "Whole Lung Lavage under Hyperbaric Conditions: 2. Monitoring Tissue Oxygenation." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV, 121–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3428-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lung conditions"

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Wang, Xiao, Keith Walters, Greg W. Burgreen, and David S. Thompson. "Cyclic Breathing Simulations: Pressure Outlet Boundary Conditions Coupled With Resistance and Compliance." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-26569.

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A patient-specific non-uniform pressure outlet boundary condition was developed and used in unsteady simulations of cyclic breathing in a large-scale model of the lung airway from the oronasal opening to the terminal bronchioles. The computational domain is a reduced-geometry model, in which some airway branches in each generation were truncated, and only selected paths were retained to the terminal generation. To characterize pressure change through airway tree extending from the truncated outlets to pulmonary zone, virtual airways represented by extended volume mesh zones were constructed in order to apply a zero-dimensional airway resistance model. The airway resistances were prescribed based on a precursor steady simulation under constant ventilation condition. The virtual airways accommodate the use of patient-specific alveolar pressure conditions. Furthermore, the time-dependent alveolar pressure profile was composed with the physiologically accurate pleural pressure predicted by the whole-body simulation software HumMod, and the transpulmonary pressure evaluated based on lung compliance and local air volume change. To investigate airway flow patterns of healthy and diseased lungs, unsteady breathing simulations were conducted with varying lung compliances accounting for healthy lungs, and lungs with emphysema or interstitial fibrosis. Results show that the simulations using this patient-specific pressure boundary condition are capable of reproducing physiologically realistic flow patterns corresponding to abnormal pulmonary compliance in diseased lungs, such as the hyperventilation in lungs with emphysema, and the demand of more mechanic work for breathing in lungs with fibrosis.
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Patel, Sagar S., Ramesh Natarajan, and Rebecca L. Heise. "Mechanotransduction of Primary Cilia in Lung Adenocarcinoma." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80435.

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Lung cancer causes more than 1 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. In a recent study by the American Cancer Society in 2011, more than 221,000 new cases of lung cancers were reported [2]. Out of these, the mortality rate was found in roughly 70% of the cases [2]. Lung cancer is divided into two major categories: small cell and non-small cell. In the United States, non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of all lung cancers and is considered the most common type of lung cancer [2]. It is usually resistant to chemotherapy, therefore making it extremely difficult to treat [3]. Furthermore adenocarcinomas, a type of non-small cell lung cancer, occur towards the periphery of the lungs and are the most common type accounting for 40–45% of all lung cancer cases [3]. Epithelial cells in the healthy lungs undergo stresses during inhalation and expiration of normal breathing. In addition to the forces of normal breathing, lung cancer cells may also experience abnormal mechanical forces due to pre-existing lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other tumor associated structural changes. These conditions can significantly alter the structure of the lungs and cell phenotype [4]. The change in the structure of the lungs affects the mechanical environment of the cells. Changes in extracellular (ECM) stiffness, cell stretch, and shear stress influence tumorigenesis and metastasis [5]. One mechanism through which the cells sense and respond to the cellular mechanical environment is through the primary cilia [6–7]. Primary cilia are non-motile, solitary structures formed from the cellular microtubules and protrude out of each cell. They have also been shown to play an important role in facilitating common cancer signaling pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling [8–9]. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that lung cancer cells respond to mechanical stimuli with the formation of primary cilia that are necessary for 3 hallmarks of tumor progression: proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal-transition, and migration.
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Kordi, Haya, Amena Al-Sadi, Fatiha Benslimane, and Huseyin Cagatay Yalcin. "Development and in Vitro Testing of a Nitric Oxide Nanoparticle Carrier for Acute Lung Injury." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0193.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an infectious clinical condition in which gas exchange inside the airways and alveoli are disturbed. Fluid filled lungs need to be mechanically ventilated for airway reopening.Ventilation might further damage delicate lung tissue and lead to edema,a phenomenon known as ventilator-induced lung injury VILI is a result of propagation of small air bubbles in gas exchange sites, injuring epithelial cells due to shear stress. Potential rescue of epithelial cells (EPCs) under injurious stresses is possible by altering their mechanical properties and hence deformation amount under stress (decreased stiffness, decreased deformation). This is possible by altering the cytoskeleton. Nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy for ARDS enhances oxygenation. In addition, NO secretion was shown to decrease stiffness in various tissue types which can aid as a treatment of conditions like ARDS.One issue with using NO is that the life-time is too short so the treatment is not very effective. We have used nanoparticles, which secretes NO in aqueous environment. We hypothesize that Administration of NO through releasing polymers will soften lung cells and suppress inflammatory markers which enhance survival of lung cells against shear stress.
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Lazko, Alexey, Larisa Udochkina, and Nina Losovskaya. "Histochemical changes of the lung tissue in experimental chronic alcoholic intoxication." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.nrjc3772.

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Among organ systems in the human body affected by alcohol abuse, the lungs are particularly vulnerable to infections and injury. Chronic alcoholism causesalterations in host defence of the upper and lower airways, disruption of alveolar epithelial barrier integrity, alcohol-induced ciliary lesions and alveolar macrophages dysfunction. Currently with a spread of SARS-COV 2 infections which instantly destroys the lung tissue, the alcohol-induced lung damage issues acquire vital importance, as they might further increase severity of lesions of lung tissue in the infected alcohol abusers.Recent investigations suggest that the effect of the chronic excessive alcohol consumption and SARS-COV 2 infection on the lungs might have similar and thus synergizing mechanisms. Therefore the mechanism of the lung tissue lesions in chronic alcohol intoxication need to be scrutinized, including the time-line of their development, to be able to develop more effective preventive measures. The objective of the study is to assess histochemical changes in the lung tissue of laboratory animals with chronic alcohol intoxication of different duration. Total of 48 outbred male white mice weighing 18-22 g were enrolled in the study. The experimental animals were exposed to alcohol for 1, 2 and 3 months by the semi-voluntary intake, using 20% alcohol as the only source of fluid, while control animals were getting drinking water. At the end of experiment the lung tissue of the mice was processed histologically and histochemically for alcoholic dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phasphate-dehydrogenae (G6PDH), alkaline (ALP) and acidic (AP) phosphatases, nonspecific esterase (NE) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Image analysis of the histological slides was performed using Image Pro Plus software. Statistical differences were assessed using paired t-test. Chronic alcohol consumption causes metabolic lesions in the alveolar epithelium and endothelium of alveolar capillaries revealed by an increase in the activity of ADH, G6PD and NE paralleled with a decrease in the total SDH activity of the respiratory portion of the lungs in a time-related pattern. High activity of alkaline phosphatase was noted in endothelial cells of lung capillaries. Thus, under conditions of chronic intoxication, ethanol disturbs cell metabolism, as evidenced by the changes of the enzymatic activity in the lung tissue which leads to inhibition of oxygen-dependent metabolic processes and activation of reserve mechanisms for compensating of energy deficits.
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Kurujareon, Jutarat, Arne Erik Holdø, and Rajnish K. Calay. "Effects of Boundary Conditions for the CFD Modelling of Respiratory Flow in an Asymmetric Bifurcation." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0051.

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Abstract Modelling airflow in the conducting airways of the human lungs is important to predict particle deposition of both contaminants and pharmaceuticals. In order to achieve good predictions of deposition the airflow has to be modelled correctly. Because of the complexity of the bronchial tree structure, the using of the small airways and highly asymmetric of the structure, in vivo studies are difficult for obtaining the global airways effects and the detail of small airways downstream. While the experimental studies are crucial to obtain a somewhat satisfied detail by utilising physiologically scaled up model to study airflow in the lungs. However, those experimental studies are limited up to the 3rd generations of bifurcation and the smaller airways deep within the lungs are inaccessible to most experimental technique even in the scaled up model. CFD studies through the solutions of Navier-Stoke equations seem to be a better way to access the smaller airways and easy to show a large number of data in three dimensional physiologically realistic airway geometries. In both experimental and CFD simulations the control and choice of boundary conditions are essential. A particular problem is the control of boundary conditions, since the complete lung models cannot be modelled and the experiment in vivo data are not available. The only data available is the flow rate at the mouth as a function of time. Because of the complexity of the airway geometries and the limitation of the present day computer power a truncated lung model has to be used to study in airflow dynamics in the lungs at the first stage. This results in a need to control the flow rates in each airway which causes a problem in the numerical boundary condition. Thus in the current investigation aims to carry out the appropriate numerical boundary condition for controlling the flow rates in each airway. A two dimensional CFD model of an asymmetric single bifurcation has been used as a test case. This numerical airway model is an anatomic approximation based on Horsfield’s data [Horsfield et al., 1971]. The radii of curvature in the transition zone from the parent branch to daughter branches and a curved shape of carinal ridge have been taken into account on this model. Different flow boundary conditions have been used for respiratory flow. The most realistic result has been obtained by using numerical pistons attached into the end of most downstream airways. Each piston has been enlarged/contracted to generate the required oscillatory flow rate of air through the single bifurcation of the system. The two dimensional CFD model of the airways with numerical pistons along with finite-element mesh model has been shown in figure 1. These results are compared with the published CFD results using standard boundary conditions [Wilquem & Degrez, 1997].
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Zin, Walter, and Alvaro Bastos. "Hyperbaric and hyperoxia-induced lung injury under different ambient conditions." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa789.

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Bubnov, R., A. Serhiienko, Z. Pilecki, and G. Pilecki. "Segmental lung anatomy for ultrasound assessment for post-COVID conditions." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.5.

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de la Cruz, R. R. G., Trizia Roby-Ann C. Roque, J. D. G. Rosas, Charles Vincent M. Vera Cruz, M. O. Cordel, J. P. Ilao, A. P. J. Rabe, and J. P. Petronilo. "SMO-based System for identifying common lung conditions using histogram." In 2013 7th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismict.2013.6521711.

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Novak, C., S. Ghadiali, and M. N. Ballinger. "Lung Fibroblast Phenotypes Are Regulated by Micro-Environmental Culture Conditions." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1960.

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Oakes, Jessica M., Alison L. Marsden, Miriam Scadeng, and Chantal Darquenne. "Image-Based Morphometry and Airflow Simulation in Rat Lungs." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19561.

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Detailed knowledge of the fate of aerosols in the lung is essential in understanding the effect of exposure to airborne particulate matter and infectious agents and in assessing the efficiency of inhaled drug therapy. Detailed, yet non-invasive, studies of peripheral aerosol deposition are almost impossible in humans. Thus, understanding the fate of aerosols in the lung requires the use of computational and/or animal models in which more invasive techniques can be used. In this study, using magnetic resonance (MR) images of rat lungs, we (1) built three dimensional (3D) models of the airway tree and (2) quantified lobar volumes. Flow simulations were then performed in one of the airway models. Flow conditions were set to be similar to that used in an experimental study where rats were exposed to aerosols [1]. Airflow boundary conditions at the outlets of the airways are unknown and therefore typically a zero pressure boundary condition is prescribed [2]. To test the validity of the zero pressure condition, two types of boundary conditions were described: (a) zero pressure at each of the outlets and (b) flow resistance at each outlet. Flow resistance allows for the flow rate distribution to be defined based on lung volume and airway cross sectional area. The flow results from the computational model may be used to solve the particle dynamics equation and therefore allow for future comparison with the ventilation experiments.
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Reports on the topic "Lung conditions"

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Momchilova, Albena, Tanya Markovska, Georgi Georgiev, Stefan Pankov, Alexander Alexandrov, Plamen Krastev, Galia Staneva, and Roumen Pankov. Effect of Miltefosine and Dimethylsphingosine on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Cultured in Three-dimensional Conditions. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.07.06.

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Pope, J. A method for estimating annual dose equivalent to the lung under varying radon progeny conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7009532.

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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Wang, Yan, Wenpeng Song, Sicheng Zhou, Jie Tian, Yingxian Dong, Jue Li, Junke Chang, et al. Increased risk for subsequent primary lung cancer among female hormone-related cancer patients: a meta-analysis based on over four million cases. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0044.

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Review question / Objective: To identify the risk of lung cancer in FHRC patients compared to the general population. Condition being studied: The incidence rate of lung cancer in women is obviously increasing over the past decade and previous evidence have indicated the significant relationship between disturbances in hormone levels and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized female hormone-related cancer (FHRC), including the breast, endometrial, cervix, and ovary cancer, patients may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer.
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Freire, Mariana, Diana Martins, Maria Filomena Botelho, and Fernando Mendes. Biomarkers of resistance mechanisms in innovative lung cancer treatments - A systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0011.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the immunotherapy resistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers associated with immunotherapy response in NSCLC, as well as examine new treatment options to overcome this hurdle. Condition being studied: Lung Cancer (LC) remains one of the leading cancers worldwide. In 2020, were globally estimated 2 206 771 new cases and 1 796 144 deaths, representing the uttermost frequent cause of cancer death. LC is classified histologically into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), being the last one the most common, representing 80 to 85% of all LC. The three predominantly subtypes of NSCLC are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and large cell carcinoma (LCLC). NSCLC is usually diagnosed in advanced-staged disease due to ambiguous and delayed severe symptoms.
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Chang, Ke-Vin. Preoperative Lung Ultrasound for Confirmation of Double-lumen Endotracheal Tube for One Lung Ventilation: a Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0021.

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Review question / Objective: The meta-analysis aims to investigate the performance of lung ultrasound for assessing the double-lumen tube position for one lung ventilation. Condition being studied: To examine the usefulness of ultrasound in the evaluation of the double-lumen tube position for one lung ventilation. Information sources: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases will be searched for the relevant studies without language restriction. Case reports, case series, conference abstracts, animal studies or those performed in laboratory settings will be excluded from the present meta-analysis.
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Sanguanwong, Natthawan, Nattawat Jantarangsi, Natthida Owattanapanich, and Vorakamol Phoophiboon. Effect of non-invasive ventilation and high flow nasal cannula on interstitial lung disease with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0104.

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Review question / Objective: P: Interstitial lung disease patient who is suffering with acute respiratory failure. I: Non-invasive oxygen therapy either non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). C: 1. Conventional oxygen therapy, 2. NIV vs HFNC. O: P/F ratio improvement, PaCO2 reduction, mortality, intubation rate. Condition being studied: The benefit of using either non-invasive ventilation or high flow nasal cannula on interstitial lung disease with acute respiratory failure.
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Ly, Lena, Jennifer Philip, Peter Hudson, and Natasha Smallwood. Singing for people with advance chronic respiratory diseases: a qualitative meta-synthesis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0017.

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Review question / Objective: This study undertook a meta-synthesis of qualitative data with the aim of collating, synthesizing, and evaluating the current evidence regarding the experiences of singing for people with advanced chronic respiratory disease. Condition being studied: Advanced respiratory illnesses are disorders that impact the airways and other structures of the lung. People with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently experience progressive, frightening breathlessness, cough and fatigue, which affect their quality of life. Furthermore, people with advanced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and their carers experience a high prevalence of loneliness and uncertainty, especially if breathlessness is felt to herald death and thus, require both psychological and practical supportive care to cope with their symptoms.
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Yin, Xietian, Shichao Zhao, Nan Xiang, Jidong Chen, Jun Xu, and Yudan Zhang. Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines combined with Cyclophosphamide for Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0010.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) by performing a meta-analysis. Condition being studied: Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) are widely used in the treatment of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). However, the clinical benefits of CHMs treatment for CTD-ILD are still controversial, and there is no systemic review to summarize and evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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LI, Peng, Junhong Ren, and Yan Li. Lung ultrasound guided therapy for heart failure: an updated meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0124.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to evaluate the effect of lung ultrasound (LU) guided therapy on the rates of adverse cardiac events (MACE) in heart failure (HF) patients. Condition being studied: Previous studies have found that B-lines assessed by lung ultrasound can be used for risk stratification in patients with HF and to predict the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. Therefore, similar to BNP, lung ultrasound has clinical value in guiding the management of patients with HF. However, the role of LU in guiding HF therapy is still controversial. Moreover, previous study's samples are too small to explain the over clinical outcomes. Besides, previous meta-analyses study did not perform meta-regression and/or subgroup analyses, or further analyze other parameters, such as heart function, quality of life and length of hospital stay.
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