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Journal articles on the topic 'Lung cancer'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Benkirane, Selma. "Skin metastases revealing lung cancer." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/024.

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2

Pazos, Claribel. "Lung cancer: prevent or treat?" Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 4, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/073.

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Cancer is currently one of the most serious health problems of humanity, it is among the first as a cause of death in developed and developing countries, with a tendency to continue to rise and occupy the absolute first place for the year 2025 also, because its diagnosis is made in advanced stages, it is estimated that its incidence will double by the year 2030 as a result of population growth and aging and that it may affect all ages, even those fetuses.
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3

Parida, Sheetal, Sumit Siddharth, and Dipali Sharma. "Role of Omentin in Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020275.

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Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the “obesity paradox” in lung cancer.
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4

Garrepalli, Saritha. "Global Patterns of Lung Cancer Incidence." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/027.

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Introduction It is well known that smoking is injurious to health which causes lung cancer. Although not all smokers develop lung cancer, fraction of lifelong non-smokers will die from lung cancer. Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer related death in developed countries with extremely poor overall survival rate. In present study we set out epidemiological pattern with clinical profile of lung cancer patients in northern india population. Aim:We evaluate the effect of smoking with age distribution on histopathology in lung cancer patients. Material & Methods: We enrolled 218 patients after confirmation of histopathology and also collected demographic data. Results: Out of 218 patients of lung cancer, having median age of 56 years, we found 149 (68.3%) were smokers and 69 (31.6%) were nonsmokers. In histopathology 54.1% patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 29.2% adenocarcinoma, 12.4% Mixed cell, 3.7% Small cell. We also found 63.1% smoker to have squamous cell carcinoma and 50.7% non-smoker have adenocarcinoma.In our study middle age group patients were more frequent in smoking group. While higher age group patients has squamous cell and middle group have adenocarcinoma. Therefore patients group with high smoking are found to develop have more risk to develop small cell carcinoma rather than in case of non-smoker higher age groups have sqamous cell carcinoma type. Conclusion: In this study we found middle age group subjects of smoker having more squamous cell and nonsmoker having adenocarcinoma.
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Srivastava, A. N., Neema Tiwari, Shailendra Yadav, and Suryakant . "LUNG CANCER STEM CELLS-AN UPDATE." Era's journal of medical research 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2017.4.

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6

Taylor, Jacob, Adam B. Weiner, Binhuan Wang, Arjun V. Balar, Gary D. Steinberg, and Richard S. Matulewicz. "Lung Metastases Versus Second Primary Lung Cancers in Patients with Primary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A National Population-Based Assessment." Bladder Cancer 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/blc-210008.

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BACKGROUND: The work-up and diagnosis of indeterminate lung nodules at time of bladder cancer diagnosis may delay or change treatment. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incidence of synchronous and metachronous lung cancers in adults with bladder cancer and compare these rates to the incidence of bladder cancer metastases in the lung. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all adults diagnosed with bladder cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (2010– 2015) and identified second primary lung cancers defined as being either synchronous (diagnosed within 6 months of bladder cancer diagnosis) or metachronous (more than 6 months following index bladder cancer diagnosis). The risk of second primary lung cancers were reported as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) reflecting observed and expected case ratios. RESULTS: A total of 88,335 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were included. Among adults with NMIBC (n = 66,071) and MIBC (n = 18,879), 0.3% and 3.9% had bladder cancer metastatic to the lungs at diagnosis. Synchronous second primary lung cancers were diagnosed in 0.4% and 0.7% of patients with NMIBC and MIBC, respectively. Compared to the general population, the SIR for synchronous lung cancers among adults with NMIBC was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3– 2.9) and was 4.7 (95% CI 4.0– 5.6) for adults with MIBC. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder cancer metastatic to the lung is more common in adults with MIBC compared to NMIBC. There are similar frequencies of synchronous second primary lung cancers regardless of initial bladder cancer stage.
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7

Sankar, V., R. Kothai, and N. Vanisr. "Lung Cancer - A Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, no. 10 (October 26, 2023): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20231042.

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Lung cancer is the prime cause of cancer death among both men and women according to WHO report 2.09 million cases globally. It is also the chief cause of cancer death among men and the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The lung cancer classified into two different types are small-cell lung cancers (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Non-small cell lung cancer is more common than small cell lung cancer. Treatment of lung cancer may involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. Therapeutic recommendations depend on several factors, including stage and type of cancer. Low- and middle-income countries now account for more than 50 % of lung cancer deaths each year the responses to current standard therapies are poor except for the most localized cancers. The purpose of this review is to sum up the types, epidemiology, detection, metastasis and the treatment of lung cancer. Key words: WHO, SCLC, NSCLC, Epidemiology, Metastasis
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8

Zheng, Xiaohu, Weihua Xiao, and Zhigang Tian. "869 Anti-LunX targeting therapy for lung cancer." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0869.

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BackgroundThe identification of novel therapeutic targets in lung cancer for the generation of targeted drugs is an urgent challenge. Lung-specific X (LunX) is a member of the palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) protein family. Some reports have suggested that the human PLUNC gene (also named LUNX) might be a potential marker for NSCLC, and PLUNC mRNA has been identified in peripheral blood and mediastinal lymph nodes from NSCLC patients.It is unclear whether LunX expression is associated with the pathological type and pathological severity in lung cancer patients. The utility of LunX as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC is uncertain.MethodsClinically, 80% of lung cancers are non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Here, we analyzed 158 NSCLC samples and detected LunX expression.ResultsIt showed that the expression of LunX were elevated in 90% (108/150) lung cancers by IHC staining, which accompanied with significantly lower rate of postsurgery survival. Further evaluation of LunX expression in invasive tumor cells in subclavicular lymph nodes, draining lymph nodes, hydrothorax of lung cancer patients, turned out that LunX is highly expressed in invasive lung cancer cells. These data indicated that LunX overexpresses in lung cancer and associates with tumorigenesis and tumor progression.Mechanistically, we discovered that LunX bound to 14-3-3 protein and facilitated their activation by maintaining these proteins in a dephosphorylated state, thereby contributing to the activation of pathways downstream of 14-3-3 protein, such as the Erk1/2 and JNK pathways. Thus, LunX promoted tumor growth and metastasis.Furthermore, we generated a therapeutic antibody specific for lung cancer, which not only inhibited lung cancer growth and reduced Ki67 staining and angiogenesis in xenograft model of subcutaneously transplanted tumor, but also blocked tumor metastasis and invasion, improved the survival of these mice. We also detected that antibody treatment induces LunX antigen-antibody complex endocytosis and the degradation of LunX protein.ConclusionsOur study suggests that LunX is a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer and that the LunX-targeted therapeutic antibody may have considerable clinical benefit.
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9

Greschuchna, D. "Surgical Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 3, no. 2 (1989): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg1987.3.2_169.

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10

Dartevelle, Philippe. "Results of Carinal Resection for Lung Cancer." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 11, no. 3 (1997): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg.11.291.

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11

M, Jerin Jose, Janani B.R, Janani Priya K, Jeevitha J, and Swathi S. "Lung Cancer Detection using Artificial Neural Netw." SIJ Transactions on Computer Science Engineering & its Applications (CSEA) 05, no. 06 (December 27, 2017): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijcsea/v5i6/05010050101.

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12

Pirbudak, Lütfiye. "Characteristics of pain in lung cancer patients." Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 21, no. 4 (October 7, 2013): 995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2013.7211.

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13

D. Travis, William. "Lung Cancer Pathology Blueprint for Future Work." Haigan 47, no. 7 (2007): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2482/haigan.47.903.

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14

Lucke-Wold, Brandon. "Principles of Lung Cancer Metastasis to Brain." Journal of Skeleton System 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2284/003.

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Lung cancer is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality on a global setting. This form of cancer commonly gives raise to metastatic lesions the brain, which can further worsen outcomes. In this focused review, we discuss an overview of lung cancers that metastasize to the brain: known risk factors; means of detection and diagnosis; and options for treatment including a comparison between surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole-brain radiation therapy. These interventions are still being assessed by clinical trials and continue to be modified through evidence-based practice.
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15

Reddy, Y. Venkat Sai, G. Chandana, G. Chetan Redddy, Ayush Kumar, Suvarna Kumar, and Dr Syed Siraj Ahmed. "Lung Cancer Detection using YOLO CNN Algorithm." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 5 (June 2023): 5297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.523.43476.

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16

Rane, Milind. "Lung Cancer Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): 4109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62515.

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Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive approach to lung cancer detection utilizing state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Using CNN[1] the model is trained and it can detect whether the given lung cancer cell image contains cancerous cells or not. The first component of the proposed approach involves high-resolution medical imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, to capture detailed anatomical information about the lungs. Image processing algorithms are applied to enhance the quality of the images and extract relevant features. Additionally, innovative three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are employed to visualize the lung tissue at a microscopic level, facilitating the identification of subtle abnormalities.
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17

Sung, Hye-Jin, Jung-Mo Ahn, Yeon-Hee Yoon, Sang-Su Na, Young-Jin Choi, Yong-In Kim, Soo-Youn Lee, Eung-Bae Lee, Sukki Cho, and Je-Yoel Cho. "Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase 1 (QSOX1) Secreted by Lung Cancer Cells Promotes Cancer Metastasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103213.

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As lung cancer shows the highest mortality in cancer-related death, serum biomarkers are demanded for lung cancer diagnosis and its treatment. To discover lung cancer protein biomarkers, secreted proteins from primary cultured lung cancer and adjacent normal tissues from patients were subjected to LC/MS–MS proteomic analysis. Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) was selected as a biomarker candidate from the enriched proteins in the secretion of lung cancer cells. QSOX1 levels were higher in 82% (51 of 62 tissues) of lung cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Importantly, QSOX1 serum levels were significantly higher in cancer patients (p < 0.05, Area Under curve (AUC) = 0.89) when measured by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Higher levels of QSOX1 were also uniquely detected in lung cancer tissues, among several other solid cancers, by immunohistochemistry. QSOX1-knock-downed Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells were less viable from oxidative stress and reduced migration and invasion. In addition, LLC mouse models with QSOX1 knock-down also proved that QSOX1 functions in promoting cancer metastasis. In conclusion, QSOX1 might be a lung cancer tissue-derived biomarker and be involved in the promotion of lung cancers, and thus can be a therapeutic target for lung cancers.
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18

Ayman, Rasmy, Ameen Amal, and AbdMonem Amira. "Lung Cancer Treatment: Incidence and Survival: SEER Database." Cancer Medicine Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2019.2-1011.

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Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year. Nearly 85% of cases have a different histological groups jointly recognized as “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer of which lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma are the most common subtypes”.
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19

Shobha Rani N, Rakshitha B S, and Rohith V. "Patch analysis based lung cancer classification." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 2163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1443.

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Lung Cancer may be a variety of Cancer that begins in the Lungs because of those that smokes often. However, there Area unit rare probabilities those area unit non-smokers get Affected because of unhealthy pollution and Harmful gasses. The detection of tumor is incredibly vital that helps to detect affected neoplasm areas in the lungs. Computed tomography help us to understand the cancer positions in patients. The detection of cancer tumours are performed by scanning the images of computed tomography. Lung cancer identification system goes with a method of Morphological opening and Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature extraction and Normalized cross-correlation with patches Analysis. Lung cancer classification using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) gives good results of Accuracy of 81.81%. Patch Analysis is a new method to find lung cancer.
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20

Shankara, C., and S. A. Hariprasad. "Noise Removal Techniques for Lung Cancer CT Images." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, no. 32 (August 28, 2022): 1577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i32.798.

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21

M, Albertini. "Canine Scent Detection of Lung Cancer: Preliminary Results." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 1, no. 4 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000118.

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Several researches have evidenced that cancer cells can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are released not only in breath but also in other organic fluids, such as blood and urine. This study has evaluated the olfactory capability of trained dogs to detect human lung cancer VOCs in urine. We recruited 150 subjects from European Institute of Oncology (IEO) divided into three groups: 57 patients with lung cancer (group 1); 38 patients with lung disease, other than cancer (group 2); 55 healthy co ntrol subjects (group 3).The results are referred to the last 45 days of training, and evidenced that dogs reached a mean success rate that exceeded 80%, with a sensitivity of 0,72 and a specificity of 0,94 for two out of three dogs enrolled. The important novelty is that dogs can discriminate lung cancer not only from healthy subjects, but also from patients with other lung diseases. The results obtained so far are encouraging and lead us to persevere with the training session in order to improve the succe ss rate, reaching values as close as possible to 100%. If so, we believe that, in the future, dogs may be used to perform early diagnostic tests, useful in improving the chances of survival in cases of human lung cancer.
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22

Pairolero, Peter C. "Surgical Approach to the Operable Lung Cancer Patient." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 3, no. 2 (1989): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg1987.3.2_167.

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23

Motta, Giovanni. "Recent Advance in Lung Cancer Surgery in Europe." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 10, no. 3 (1996): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg.10.266.

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24

Dartevelle, Philippe. "Anterior Transcervical Thoracic Approach for Apicai Lung Cancer." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 11, no. 3 (1997): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg.11.300.

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25

Alanazi, Nasser Fandi Somaihan. "The Risk Factors of Lung Cancer on Smokers." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 4, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 1686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.4.1223.123423.

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26

Daigo, Yataro, Atsushi Takano, and Yusuke Nakamura. "Comprehensive cancer genomics-based screening of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e21031-e21031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e21031.

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e21031 Background: Since the clinical outcome of advanced lung cancer patients is still poor after standard therapies, development of new anti-cancer drugs with minimum risk of adverse effects and cancer biomarkers for precision medicine is urgently required. Methods: We have been screening new therapeutic target molecules and molecular biomarkers for lung cancers as follows; i) To identify overexpressed genes in lung cancers by the gene expression profile analysis, ii) To verify the target genes for their scarce expression in normal tissues, iii) To validate the clinicopathologic importance of their protein expression by tissue microarray covering 263 lung cancers, and iv) To confirm their function for the growth and/or invasive ability of the lung cancer cells by siRNAs and gene transfection assays. Results: We identified dozens of candidate target molecules and selected a gene encoding protein with a GAP domain, LAPG1 (lung cancer-associated protein with Gap domain 1). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that LAPG1 expression was observed in 69.9% of lung cancers. Moreover positivity of LAPG1 expression was associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Knockdown of LAPG1 expression by siRNAs suppressed growth of lung cancer cells. Introduction of LAPG1 increased the invasive activity of mammalian cells, indicating that LAPG1 could be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancers. Conclusions: Comprehensive cancer genomics-based screening could be useful for selection of new cancer biomarkers and molecular targets for developing small molecules, antibodies, nucleic acid drugs, and immunotherapies.
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27

Ram, Dr R. Bhargav. "Lung Cancer Detection using Ensemble Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (June 30, 2024): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63367.

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Abstract: A deadly hereditary illness, lung cancer is caused by an aberrant proliferation of malignant cells in the lungs of an individual. As one of the most important organs in the human body, the lungs might have major consequences from lung cancer. In order to help both patients and physicians, we have concentrated on the rapid diagnosis of lung cancer in our work. Histopathology pictures and other diagnostic methods can also be used to diagnose lung cancer.In existing methodology, it is identified that the methods are time taking process and less Accuracy. The proposed work contains a hybridized model of Convolution neural networks and an ensemble of Machine Learning algorithms: Support Vector Classifier, Random Forest, and Ada Boost that detect the lung cancer using histopathology images.
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Đekić Malbaša, Jelena, Darijo Bokan, Bojan Zarić, Tomi Kovačević, Goran Stojanović, Dragan Dragišić, and Ivan Kuhajda. "Skrining karcinoma pluća u AP Vojvodini - Lung cancer screening in Vojvodina province." Respiratio 13, no. 1-2 (August 31, 2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26601/rsp.aprs.23.9.

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Introduction Better survival of lung cancer (LC) patients is possible if the diagnosis is made early in the disease course. Low-dose CT in a high-risk population for developing LC enables cancer detection in the earlier stages of the disease and improves survival. Method LC screening with low-dose CT was performed at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina (IPBV) from September 2020 to December 2022. People aged 50-74 years, ex-smokers (started smoking 10 years ago) and active smokers with •30 pack-years, or •20 pack-years with additional risk factors, were included. We retrospectively analyzed screen population characteristics, screening results (according to Lung-RADS score) and definite findings of suspicious nodules by histological type and LC stage by gender. Results During the observed period, a total of 3432 LDCT scans were performed, of which 62.3% (2138) were baseline LDCT. Suspicious and highly suspicious nodule findings (Lung-RADS 4) were observed in 196 (9.2%) subjects. The emphysema was registered in 709 (33.2%) subjects. The LC detection rate was 1.8% (40/2138). 88.5% (23/26) of confirmed LC were detected after the initial LDCT, while the remaining 11.5% (3/26) were established after the follow-up period. 75% (30/40) of LC were in stages I to IIIA. Non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma 60.0% (24/40), squamous cancers 22.5% (9/40) and other non-small cell cancers (NOS) 5.0% (2/40)) accounted for 85.7% (35/40), while small cells lung cancer was present in 12.5% (5/40). Conclusion Most LC cases were detected in the early stage of the disease. Therefore, screening for LC should cover the high-risk population in the territory of the entire Republic.
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Mangayarkarasi, P., and B. Pugazhenthi. "Lung Cancer Diagnosis from Computer Tomography Images Using Region Based Segmentation and Fuzzy Logic." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8463.

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Lungs are the essential organs for respiration (inspiration and expiration) situated at thoracic cavity. Today, the lung cancer is serious disease in the world causing large number of deaths. The cells of all living organisms normally divide and grow in a control manner. When this control process is lost and tissues start expands then the situation is called cancer. Among the various cancers like bone cancer, breast cancer, blood cancer etc., the lung cancer is the most deadly one. The most preferred option for treating the lung cancer in the final stage is surgical removal of the diseased lung. Hence it is necessary to detect the lung cancer at an early stage to limit the danger. In this project the lung cancer diagnosis system based on Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is proposed to detect the lung cancer at the early stage. The FIS plays a vital role in the medical field to provide medical assistance to the radiologist to diagnose the abnormality in the medical images. The proposed system first segments the suspected lung nodules from the input CT lung image using region based segmentation and classifies the suspected nodules as either benign (normal) or Malignant (cancerous) based on the feature extraction. Then the extracted features are given to the input of FIS. The Fuzzy system finds the severity of the suspected lung nodules based on IF-THEN rule.
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30

Bach, Peter B. "Lung Cancer Screening." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 6, no. 3 (March 2008): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2008.0022.

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Because lung cancer frequently presents in an advanced stage when it is incurable, there has been a sustained search for an early diagnosis approach that could detect lung cancer when curable, while having few secondary consequences. Decades of research have evaluated various approaches to lung screening, including routine chest radiograph, sputum cytology, and, most recently, computed tomography (CT) scanning. No study has suggested that any of these approaches will identify life-threatening lung cancers at an earlier disease stage and allow alteration of their natural history. Therefore, no recommending body or professional society recommends using any of these approaches to screen for lung cancer. This general recommendation could change if randomized trials examining CT screening suggest that its benefits outweigh its harms.
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Yu, Hongyao, Christoph Frank, Akseli Hemminki, Kristina Sundquist, and Kari Hemminki. "Other cancers in lung cancer families are overwhelmingly smoking-related cancers." ERJ Open Research 3, no. 2 (April 2017): 00006–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00006-2017.

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Familial risks of lung cancer are well-established, but whether lung cancer clusters with other discordant cancers is less certain, particularly beyond smoking-related sites, which may provide evidence on genetic contributions to lung cancer aetiology.We used a novel approach to search for familial associations in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. This involved assessment of familial relative risk for cancer X in families with increasing numbers of lung cancer patients and, conversely, relative risks for lung cancer in families with increasing numbers of patients with cancers X. However, we lacked information on smoking.The total number of lung cancers in the database was 125 563. We applied stringent statistical criteria and found that seven discordant cancers were associated with lung cancer among family members, and six of these were known to be connected with smoking: oesophageal, upper aerodigestive tract, liver, cervical, kidney and urinary bladder cancers. A further novel finding was that cancer of unknown primary also associated with lung cancer. We also factored in histological evidence and found that anal and connective tissue cancers could be associated with lung cancer for reasons other than smoking. For endometrial and prostate cancers, suggestive negative associations with lung cancer were found.Although we lacked information on smoking it is prudent to conclude that practically all observed discordant associations of lung cancer were with cancers for which smoking is a risk factor.
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Flores, Raja M. "Lung cancer survivors need lung cancer screening." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149, no. 1 (January 2015): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.115.

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33

Goodman, G. E. "Lung cancer * 1: Prevention of lung cancer." Thorax 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.57.11.994.

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34

Szlitkus, Paulina Irena. "Epidemiologia nowotworu płuc w Polsce." Letters in Oncology Science 15, no. 2 (June 12, 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21641/los.15.2.78.

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The article deals with the problem of lung and pleural cancer. In order to understand the subject properly, it is important to start with how important the lungs are - they are a part of the system through which we can breathe. Unfortunately, the majority of lung tumors are malignant and are caused by mutations of respiratory epithelial cells. There are many factors that contribute to lung cancer. The most known and influential factor is smoking. In the European Union countries, one in five lung cancers is caused by smoking. Lung cancer is very specific because it can develop for a very long time without giving any symptoms and it's usually diagnosed at a late stage of the disease's advancement. The lack of early symptoms is the reason why screening for lung cancer is not carried out even though it is one of the most common tumors.Only epidemiological studies allow to broaden the scope of knowledge about cancers. It is thanks to them that many factors can be distinguished and understood as to which are responsible for the formation of all kinds of tumors. The incidence of lung cancer in Poland is very high, especially among men. Duration of survival after diagnosis of lung cancer varies according to gender. However, survival ratehas in creased in recent years.
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Kobayashi, Naohiro, Ryota Nakamura, Koichi Kurishima, Yukio Sato, and Hiroaki Satoh. "Sarcoidosis and Lung Cancer." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 53, no. 2 (2010): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.69.

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Background: Although sarcoidosis as well as lung cancer are frequently encountered common diseases, their metachronous or synchronous occurrence in the same patient is very rare. Methods: The charts of lung cancer patients, diagnosed between 1980 and 2007 in our hospital, were reviewed. Results: We found 3 cases with sarcoidosis and lung cancer. The first case had lung cancer 16 years after the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The second case had two different metachronous lung cancers 18 and 10 years after the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The third case detected these two diseases simultaneously. In simultaneously detected cases, it is difficult to determine whether noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas coexisting with lung cancer represent sarcoid reaction or genuine systemic sarcoidosis. Conclusions: Either causality or coincidence, lung cancer, a condition that can be observed in patients with sarcoidosis, should be considered in the differential diagnosis when suspicious findings of it are discovered.
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Sembiring, Yan Efrata, Wiwin Is Effendi, Jeffrey Jeswant Dillon, Heroe Soebroto, Dhihintia Jiwangga Suta Winarno, Puruhito Puruhito, I. Gusti Agung Made Adnyanya Putra, Abed Nego Okthara Sebayang, and Sri Pramesthi Wisnu Bowo Negoro. "Lung Cancer: A Literature Review." Jurnal Respirasi 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jr.v9-i.3.2023.246-251.

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Lung cancer is a cancer whose onset starts in the lungs where there is an abnormal cell growth that is very fast and uncontrolled. The abnormal cell growth is triggered by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, including deletions in the DNA section, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes, the absence of apoptosis, and the activity of the telomerase enzyme. Lung cancer is initiated by oncogeneous activity and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are genes that help cells grow and divide and are believed to cause a person to develop lung cancer. In general, lung cancer is divided into two types, namely non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). World Health Organization (WHO) classifies lung cancer based on histopathology into 4 major cell types, namely SCLC, NSCLC which includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and large cell carcinoma (LCC). The difference between the two is that SCLC has a higher aggressiveness than NSCLC. Cancer treatment is based on the type, size, location and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall condition.
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Khan, Sajad, Shahid Ali, and Muhammad. "Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 15, no. 9 (October 16, 2019): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405615666181128124528.

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Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.
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Wünsch-Filho, Victor, Paolo Boffetta, Didier Colin, and José Eduardo Moncau. "Familial cancer aggregation and the risk of lung cancer." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 120, no. 2 (March 2002): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802002000200003.

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CONTEXT: Around 90% of lung cancer worldwide is attributable to cigarette smoking, although less than 20% of cigarette smokers develop lung cancer. Other factors such as diet, chronic lung diseases, occupation and possibly environmental agents also contribute to this cancer. Genetic factors seem to play a role in lung cancer, but the precise characteristics influencing lung cancer susceptibility are not known, since genetic factors are easily obscured by the strong environmental determinants of lung cancer, particularly smoking. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect that cancer occurrence among first-degree relatives has on the risk of lung cancer. DESIGN: Hospital-based case-control study. SETTING: The metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 334 incident lung cancer cases and 578 controls matched by hospitals. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: By means of a structured questionnaire, cases and controls were interviewed about cancer occurrence in first-degree relatives, tobacco smoking, exposure to passive smoking, occupation, migration and socioeconomic status. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the risk of familial cancer aggregation, the effect of cancer in first-degree relatives and smoking in conjunction, and for controlling confounders. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) revealed a slight, but not statistically significant, excess risk of lung cancer for subjects with a history of lung cancer in relatives (OR 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50 -- 2.92). The same was found among those with a history of other tobacco-related cancers in relatives (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.87 -- 2.14). A step gradient effect was observed regarding lung cancer risk, in accordance with increases in the number of pack-years of cigarette consumption. An interaction between familial cancer aggregation and tobacco smoking was detected. CONCLUSIONS: A mildly elevated risk of lung cancer among persons with a positive history of lung and other tobacco-related cancers was observed. The finding of an interaction between the variables of familial cancer aggregation and smoking suggests that familial cancer aggregation could be considered as a marker of susceptibility, increasing the risk of lung cancer among smokers. These results improve our knowledge of lung carcinogenesis and can guide future cancer genetic studies.
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Hsieh, Kristin, Daniel R. Dickstein, Juliana Runnels, Eric J. Lehrer, Kenneth Rosenzweig, Fred R. Hirsch, and Robert M. Samstein. "Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer." Biomedicines 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061642.

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The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a pillar of cancer treatment has emphasized the immune system’s integral role in tumor control and progression through cancer immune surveillance. ICIs are being investigated and incorporated into the treatment paradigm for lung cancers across stages and histology. To date, definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidative durvalumab is the only National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s recommended treatment paradigm including radiotherapy with ICI in lung cancers, although there are other recommendations for ICI with chemotherapy and/or surgery. This narrative review provides an overall view of the evolving integration and synergistic role of immunotherapy and radiotherapy and outlines the use of immunotherapy with radiotherapy for the management of small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It also reviews selected, practice-changing clinical trials that led to the current standard of care for lung cancers.
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Bhanu, P. Nava, Puram Vijaya Lakshmi, Konka Sushma, Maddirala Nandu Priya, Mudigonda Pavani, and Morla Anusha. "Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Deep Learning: VGG-19." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 3617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50960.

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Abstract: Lung cancer is classified histologically into small cell and non–small cell lung cancers. The most common symptoms of lung cancer are cough, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, and systemic symptoms such as weight loss and anorexia. High-risk patients who present with symptoms should undergo chest radiography. If a likely alternative diagnosis is not identified, computed tomography and possibly positron emission tomography should be performed. If suspicion for lung cancer is high, a diagnostic evaluation is warranted. The diagnostic evaluation has three simultaneous steps (tissue diagnosis, staging, and functional evaluation), all of which affect treatment planning and determination of prognosis. The main aim of this project is to find out the whether the person having lung cancer or not and having a chance of occurring Cancer in the future. We can done this process by using the CT(Computed Tomography) Scan Images of the lungs of affected Person. And it also identifies the given input CT Scan Image belongs to which person, which means that the image belongs to Normal person or it belongs to Cancer person or it belongs to the person who is having the chance of occurring cancer in the future, Which is also known as the PreMalignant Classification of images is done by using various CNN Algorithm
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Groen, Wim G., Wilma Kuijpers, Hester SA Oldenburg, Michel WJM Wouters, Neil K. Aaronson, and Wim H. van Harten. "Supporting Lung Cancer Patients With an Interactive Patient Portal: Feasibility Study." JMIR Cancer 3, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/cancer.7443.

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42

Chae, Young, Liam Il-Young Chung, Rade Tomic, and Ankit Bharat. "Abstract CT051: Double lung transplant registry aimed for lung-limited malignancies (DREAM) - a prospective registry study of bilateral lung transplantation for medically refractory cancers confined to the lungs." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (April 14, 2023): CT051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-ct051.

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Abstract Background: According to a consensus document from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) are listed as ‘special circumstances’ for lung transplantation (Weill D et al., 2015). There have been five reported studies of lung transplantation in carefully selected subsets of patients with multifocal lung adenocarcinoma (Raemdonck DV et al., 2016; Glanville AR et al., 2018). The 5-year survival rate of bilateral sequential lung transplantation was estimated at over 50% in patients with multifocal BAC, invasive adenocarcinoma, and NSCLC (Ahmad U et al., 2012; Paloyan EB et al., 2000; Zorn GL et al., 2003; de Perrot M et al., 2004). In 1999, a case series reported a post-transplant recurrence-free survival of 23 to 56 months in three patients (Garver RI et al., 1999). There is also an unmet need for patients who have lung-limited metastasis after successful treatment for primary tumors such as sarcomas or colorectal cancer (CRC). As with liver transplantation for CRC patients who have liver-confined metastases (Dueland S et at., 2020; Hernandez-Alejandro R et al., 2022), the applicability of lung transplantation in lung-limited metastasis patients should be explored. Methods: This is a prospective registration trial to evaluate outcomes of patients who undergo lung transplantation for the treatment of the select groups of medically refractory cancers (primary lung cancers or metastatic cancers in lungs). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), allograft rejection (AR) and allograft survival (AS) will be monitored as well as molecular and genetic biomarkers to investigate the correlation with prognosis. The study duration will be 10 years including surveillance. Recruitment to occur during the first 5 years of the study. The goal is to enroll 175 participants through the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University. Essential Criteria: The tumor should be without any involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes involvement confirmed by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) or mediastinoscopy. The patient who are resistant or refractory to or without available standard of care treatment options or experimental treatment options that are known to increase survival outcome. Study cohorts: • Cohort A: Primary lung cancers - Examples include, but not limited to, invasive mucinous/non-mucinous non-small cell lung cancers and multifocal carcinomas. • Cohort B: Metastatic cancers to the lung only - Examples include, but not limited to, germ cell tumors, head & neck tumors, colorectal tumors, renal cell tumors, testicular cancers. Clinical trial registry number: NCT05671887. Enrollment began November 16, 2022. Trial is open and recruiting as of January 12, 2023. Citation Format: Young Chae, Liam Il-Young Chung, Rade Tomic, Ankit Bharat. Double lung transplant registry aimed for lung-limited malignancies (DREAM) - a prospective registry study of bilateral lung transplantation for medically refractory cancers confined to the lungs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT051.
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43

S. Al-Kutubi, Hadeel, and Nada K. Yaseen. "Evaluation of Cancer disease for the period (1995-2005) in Tikrit teaching hospital." Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, no. 2 (March 27, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjphs.2005.2.7.40.48.

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In this study we evaluate the 20 type of cancer disease in Tikrit teaching hospital for the period from 1995 to 2005 by using three statistical methods (regression analysis , T-test and completely random design) .The presentation and description of all cases among male and female were confirmed. And also explain the effect of ages for each type of cancer distribution among age groups of both sexes.The results of this study are (1)- The female cancers are leukemia, lung, bladder, uterus, breast, brain, stomach, pancreas, rectum, kidney, liver, urinary, larynx, thyroid gland, colon, bone, small intestine and skin (2)- The male cancers are leukemia, lung, bladder, prostate, bone, brain, stomach, pancreas, rectum, kidney, liver, urinary, larynx, thyroid gland, colon, lymphoma, small intestine and skin .(3)- There are significant different between male and female for 9 type of cancer namely , leukemia, lung , bladder, brain, stomach, pancreas, urinary, colon and bone.( 4 )- There exist significant different between all cancers and the more significant are leukemia and lunge.(5)-There are significant different between female cancers and the more significant are breast, uterus and leukemia. (6)- There exist significant difference between male cancers and the more significant are leukemia and lunge.
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44

Gavhane, Santosh Bhagwan. "Review: Advances in Lung Cancer Research." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48715.

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Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer death in the world. Lung cancer also known as lung carcinoma is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in the lung known as primary lung cancers are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. The main primary types are smallcell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The vast majority (85%) of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term exposure to tobacco smoke. About 10–15% of cases occur in people who have never smoked. These cases are often caused by a combination of genetic factors and exposure to radon gas, asbestos, or other forms of air pollution, including second-hand smoke. This review gives a detailed idea on the epidemiology, causes, types, signs & symptoms, and treatment of lung cancer.
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Harðardóttir, Hrönn, Steinn Jónsson, Örvar Gunnarsson, Bylgja Hilmarsdóttir, Jurate Ásmundsson, Ingibjörg Guðmundsdóttir, Vaka Ýr Sævarsdóttir, Sif Hansdóttir, Pétur Hannesson, and Tómas Guðbjartsson. "Advances in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment - a review." Læknablaðið 108, no. 01 (January 4, 2022): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2022.01.671.

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Lung cancer is the second and third most common cancer in Iceland for females and males, respectively. Although the incidence is declining, lung cancer still has the highest mortality of all cancers in Iceland. Symptoms of lung cancer can be specific and localized to the lungs, but more commonly they are unspecific and result in significant diagnostic delay. Therefore, majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-localized disease. In recent years, major developments have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Positive emission scanning (PET) and both transbroncial (EBUS) or transesophageal ultrasound (EUS) biopsy techniques have resulted in improved mediastinal staging of the disease and minimal invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has lowered postoperative complications and shortened hospital stay. Technical developments in radiotherapy have benefitted those patients who are not candidates for curative surgery. Finally, and most importantly, recent advances in targeted chemotherapeutics and development of immunomodulating agents have made individual tailoring of treatment possible. Recent screening-trials with low-dose computed tomography show promising results in lowering mortality. This evidence-based review focuses on the most important developments in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, and includes Icelandic studies in the field.
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Javed, Muhammad Ashar, Hannan Bin Liaqat, Talha Meraj, Aziz Alotaibi, and Majid Alshammari. "Identification and Classification of Lungs Focal Opacity Using CNN Segmentation and Optimal Feature Selection." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (July 26, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6357252.

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Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers around the world, with high mortality rate in comparison to other cancers. A lung cancer patient’s survival probability in late stages is very low. However, if it can be detected early, the patient survival rate can be improved. Diagnosing lung cancer early is a complicated task due to having the visual similarity of lungs nodules with trachea, vessels, and other surrounding tissues that leads toward misclassification of lung nodules. Therefore, correct identification and classification of nodules is required. Previous studies have used noisy features, which makes results comprising. A predictive model has been proposed to accurately detect and classify the lung nodules to address this problem. In the proposed framework, at first, the semantic segmentation was performed to identify the nodules in images in the Lungs image database consortium (LIDC) dataset. Optimal features for classification include histogram oriented gradients (HOGs), local binary patterns (LBPs), and geometric features are extracted after segmentation of nodules. The results shown that support vector machines performed better in identifying the nodules than other classifiers, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.8% with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, and false positive rate of 6.7%.
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47

Sanderson, DR, and Jett. "Lung cancer: the American view." European Respiratory Journal 2, no. 10 (November 1, 1989): 1002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02101002.

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Bronchogenic carcinoma is a major public health problem in the United States, and the leading cancer killer in both men and women. In the early 1970s, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored multicentre clinical trials to assess the effects of screening by sputum cytology testing and serial chest X-ray examinations on lung cancer mortality in high-risk male smokers. Although more lung cancers were detected, more early stage 1 cancers were resected, and 5 year survival rates were improved in the screened populations than in unscreened controls, there were nearly equal numbers of advanced cancers, and mortality rates were not significantly different. Thus, mass screening to detect early lung cancer has not been pursued as public policy in the United States. In the 1980s, emphasis has shifted to efforts at lung cancer prevention through educational programs aimed at smoking prevention and cessation. In 1984, the NCI adopted a national goal of reducing lung cancer mortality by 50% by the year 2000. Strategy to achieve this is an intensive behaviour modification program to encourage a social climate for smoking abstinence, prevent initiation of smoking among children and adolescents and supply educational materials and encouragement through health care workers and community-based programs.
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Daigo, Yataro, Atsushi Takano, and Yusuke Nakamura. "Integrated genomics-based approach to identify new therapeutic targets and cancer biomarkers for lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e13019-e13019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e13019.

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e13019 Background: Because the number of lung cancer patients who show good response to standard therapies is still limited, development of new anti-cancer agents with minimum risk of adverse effects and highly sensitive molecular biomarkers is urgently required. Methods: We have been screening novel therapeutic targets and their companion biomarkers for lung cancer as follows; i) To identify up-regulated genes in lung cancers by the gene microarray analysis, ii) To verify the candidate genes for their low expression in normal organs, iii) To validate the clinicopathological significance of their protein expression by tissue microarray covering hundreds of lung cancers, and iv) To verify their function for the growth of lung cancer cells by siRNAs. Results: We identified dozens of candidate oncoproteins and selected a serine/threonine kinase LASK2 (lung cancer-associated kinase 2). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that strong LASK2 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer patients (P < 0.0001). Suppression of LASK2 expression by its siRNAs inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells. Introduction of LASK2 in mammalian cells also enhanced cellular growth in vitro and in mice model. Induction of LASK2 appeared to increase the levels of phosphorylation of oncogenic signal proteins for lung cancer. The data indicate that LASK2 is a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancers. Conclusions: Integrated genomics-based approach could facilitate the development of new cancer biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid drugs, and immunotherapies.
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Choe, Wonho, Jeong Don Chae, Byoung-Hoon Lee, Sang-Hoon Kim, So Young Park, Satish Balasaheb Nimse, Junghoon Kim, et al. "9G TestTM Cancer/Lung: A Desirable Companion to LDCT for Lung Cancer Screening." Cancers 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113192.

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A complimentary biomarker test that can be used in combination with LDCT for lung cancer screening is highly desirable to improve the diagnostic capacity of LDCT and reduce the false-positive rates. Most importantly, the stage I lung cancer detection rate can be dramatically increased by the simultaneous use of a biomarker test with LDCT. The present study was conducted to evaluate 9G testTM Cancer/Lung’s sensitivity and specificity in detecting Stage 0~IV lung cancer. The obtained results indicate that the 9G testTM Cancer/Lung can detect lung cancer with overall sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% (69.1~80.3) and 97.3% (95.0~98.8), respectively. The detection of stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV cancers with sensitivities of 77.5%, 78.1%, 67.4%, and 33.3%, respectively, at the specificity of 97.3% have never been reported before. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis allowed us to determine the population-weighted AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91–0.95). These results indicate that the 9G testTM Cancer/Lung can be used in conjunction with LDCT to screen lung cancer. Furthermore, obtained results indicate that the use of 9G testTM Cancer/Lung with LDCT for lung cancer screening can increase stage I cancer detection, which is crucial to improve the currently low 5-year survival rates.
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50

Chang, Ellen T., Sam M. Janes, Allan Hackshaw, Christina A. Clarke Dur, Diana SM Buist, and Earl A. Hubbell. "Overall and non-lung cancer incidence in the national lung screening trial (NLST) as indicators of potential for multi-cancer screening." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 10633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.10633.

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10633 Background: Single-cancer screening strategies address only one component of the overall population cancer burden. Even high-risk populations in single-cancer screening trials experience a considerable burden of other cancer incidence; therefore, we assessed non-lung cancer incidence in the NLST to evaluate the proportion of unscreened cancers. Methods: The NLST was a randomized controlled trial of screening for lung cancer in adults aged 55–74 years with ≥30 pack-years of smoking history, enrolled in 2002–2004 and actively followed through 2009. Incident cancers were identified via participant questionnaires, death certificates, and direct notifications, and confirmed by medical record abstraction. The present analysis includes first invasive primary cancers diagnosed after study randomization. Non-lung cancer incidence was similar between the two trial arms, which were therefore combined for analysis. Results: Among 53 229 subjects (median follow-up 6.5 years), the incidence of any first primary cancer was 1941 per 100 000 person-years, of which 1327 per 100 000 (68%) was non-lung cancer. Non-lung cancer incidence rates exceeded that for lung cancer in all 5-year age categories (especially at younger ages) and all quintiles of smoking pack-years (especially with fewer pack-years). After lung cancer, the most common cancers were other leading cancer types in the general US population, as well as other smoking-related cancers (Table). No recommended population-based screens exist for 54% of observed cancer cases (3332 of 6142, excluding lung, colon/rectum, female breast, and cervix). Conclusions: In the NLST, only 32% of first primary cancer incidence was lung; non-lung cancer comprised 68%, and most cases were cancer types with no generally recommended screening strategy. Even in a high-risk population, a single-cancer screening test misses most cancers, illustrating the value of multi-cancer screening tests that can detect a broad spectrum of cancers and, therefore, have the potential to address a currently inaccessible portion of cancer morbidity and mortality. [Table: see text]
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