Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lumière artificielle la nuit'
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Fontaine, Charlotte. "Contrôle de l'horloge biologique par stimulus lumineux artificiel : application pour l'adaptation des opérateurs au travail de nuit." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25971.
Full textChalléat, Samuel. ""Sauver la nuit" : empreinte lumineuse, urbanisme et gouvernance des territoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOL016.
Full textOur society maintains a complex relation with night, space-time often outside the diurnal cadences which facilitates the reflection, the imagination, the creation, the listening and the link with the other one, while revealing the segregation, the fear, and thus the restriction. By this research, we put compared to the urban lighting – real light project carrier of a strong symbolism – the socio-cultural, ecological and sanitary costs engendered by the artificial light. The urban lighting generates a geographical interlacing of bright imprints of differentiated scales, which we approach by various modellings, without forbidding us the sensitive analysis. We clarify, at various scales, the games of institutional actors and the constraints surrounding the governance of the street lighting in France, and we underline the reproduction of the possibilities offered for its local management. A characterization of the various impacts of the nocturnal artificial light by means of abstract tools of the economy of the environment allows to define as real pollutions the ecological and sanitary damages, and as nuisance the decrease – even the loss – of the accessibility to the starry sky. We show how the environmental good "starry sky" was seized by the astronomers to carry a positive project integrating henceforth the nocturnal environment in general: "Save the night". Oppositions to this project marked out its history, but the necessary energy savings and the budgets of territorial communities bring henceforth the local actors to reconsider with more interest the various propositions made by the associations of "protection of the nocturnal sky and environment". But the difficult efficiency of the mechanisms of coasian bargaining brings us to defend that the protection of these pure public goods, not unbargainable, must be taken care by the public authorities
Challéat, Samuel. ""Sauver la nuit" : empreinte lumineuse, urbanisme et gouvernance des territoires." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589614.
Full textTang, Ni. "Circadian and non-visual regulation of light on sleep-wake states in humans and nocturnal rodents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10356.
Full textLight influences a wide range of behavioral and physiological functions, including sleep-wake cycles, melatonin secretion, pupil light reflex, glucose metabolism, and more. As a key environmental factor, light synchronizes the circadian system with a roughly 24-hour cycle. Light signals are detected by a specific type of retinal cell, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which are distinct from the classical photoreceptors—rods and cones—that are primarily involved in vision. These ipRGCs transmit light information to the brain's master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN then projects to various brain structures, coordinating rhythmic behavioral and physiological processes. Notably, ipRGCs also send projections to brain regions beyond the SCN, bypassing circadian regulation to directly influence non-visual functions like sleep, wakefulness, and metabolism. This dual pathway—circadian and non-circadian—mediates light's non-visual effects on the body. However, the exact mechanisms by which light affects sleep-wake states, and which brain structures and neurotransmitters are involved, remain largely unknown. As artificial light becomes increasingly common in modern life, including during nighttime, its disruption of natural light-dark cycles raises concerns. The aim of our project is to explore the wake-promoting and sleep-inhibiting effects of light using both animal models and human studies. In the animal studies, we employed genetically modified mouse models with disrupted histamine and/or orexin transmission to investigate whether these neurotransmitters mediate the sleep-inducing effects of light. Mice were exposed to three conditions: LD12:12, DD, and LD1:1 cycles. Our findings revealed that light significantly increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the dark phase in wild-type (WT) mice, but this effect was diminished in OX knockout, HDC knockout, and dual OX/HDC knockout mice. Additionally, light induced a significant increase in EEG delta activity during SWS in WT, OX knockout, and OX/HDC knockout mice, but not in HDC knockout mice. Furthermore, while light induced sleep rapidly and for a sustained duration in WT mice, this effect was slower and shorter-lasting in the knockout models. These results suggest that the sleep-inducing effects of light require both orexin and histamine transmission. In the human study, 20 healthy male participants were exposed to four different light conditions (0, 3, 8, and 20 lux) during a 5-day protocol in a controlled laboratory setting. We found that wake after sleep onset (WASO) was significantly higher under 20 lux compared to lower light intensities, and sleep efficiency was lower under 20 lux than under 3 and 8 lux. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in salivary melatonin and cortisol levels at wake time between the four light conditions. Similarly, body temperature during sleep remained unchanged across light conditions, but heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were affected, with a decrease in HR and an increase in HRV under 20 lux and 3 lux compared to 0 lux. Glucose levels during sleep were significantly higher under low-light conditions (3 and 20 lux) than under 0 lux. Moreover, nocturnal light exposure impaired sensitivity to light and cognitive performance the following morning. Our study concludes that even very low-intensity artificial light at night (ALAN) can disturb sleep and affect physiological functions
Prajapati, Nirmala. "Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night, working at night and the risk of breast cancer; Findings from three studies : CECILE, E3N-Generation and CONSTANCES." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR017.
Full textBackground: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing and is projected to continue rising. Rapid modernization and growth in the global workforce have increased exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) and night shift work. These factors contribute to circadian disruption, a potential risk factor for hormone-dependent cancers, including breast cancer. Directly assessing circadian disruption through biomarkers like melatonin in large-scale epidemiological studies is resource-intensive and time-consuming. Existing literature on night shift work, outdoor LAN, and breast cancer risk remains inconsistent due to variations in exposure assessment methods and inadequate adjustment for confounders. This thesis aims to investigate the role of environmental exposure to outdoor LAN and night shift work in breast cancer risk in the French population.Methods: Three epidemiological studies were utilized to achieve the objectives. The association of outdoor LAN and breast cancer risk was studied using a population-based case-control study, CECILE (1185 cases and 1218 controls), and a nested case-control study within the prospective E3N-Generations cohort (5222 cases and 5222 controls). Outdoor LAN exposure was assessed using satellite images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. The association between night shift work and breast cancer risk was studied using C3-Nuit, a nested case-control study within the CONSTANCES cohort (671 cases and 1016 controls). A detailed assessment of exposure to night shift work was conducted using a comprehensive questionnaire on occupational history.).Logistic regression models were used to obtain risk estimates adjusting for important confounders, including environmental exposure such as air pollution and residential greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexResults: In the CECILE study and the E3N-Generations cohort, we found slightly increased odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer associated with exposure to outdoor LAN that persisted after adjustment for environmental co-exposures. Both studies suggested a potential increased risk for post-menopausal women, while a stronger association for the HER2+ cancer subtype was found in the CECILE Study.In the C3-nuit study, no clear association between night shift work and breast cancer risk was seen overall, but the ORs for breast cancer were increased among women working alternating night shifts. The associations were more pronounced among post-menopausal women than premenopausal women, those with morning chronotypes compared to evening or neutral chronotypes, and those who started night work before their first pregnancy.Conclusions: The findings from this thesis suggest that both exposure to outdoor LAN and night shift work, particularly alternating night shift work, potentially contribute to breast cancer risk, supporting the hypothesis of the role of circadian disruption in breast cancer. However, methodological limitations, exposure misclassification, potential selection bias, and residual confounding may undermine the validity of the observed associations. These findings warrant confirmation through future studies with refined methodologies
Giordano, Emanuele. "Paysage-lumière : constructions et perceptions. Pour une analyse multi-échelle des géographies lumineuses de la ville." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30045.
Full textThe urban night is an emerging theme in both Francophone and Anglophone geography, as illustrated by a series of works that have opened up research areas including temporal urbanism (Mallet, 2009) or the gentrification process of certain neighbourhoods affected by nightlife (Comelli, 2015). One of the most dynamic of these new research areas is the study of urban illumination. However, this literature remains rather fragmented in terms of approaches, methodologies and research interests.Francophone social sciences have concentrated mainly on the evolution of lighting policies, in particular in relation to the evolution of tools and concepts associated with the so called “urbanisme-lumière”. This literature has focused mainly on practices of architectural lighting (Mallet, 2009; Hernandez, 2010). On the other hand, researchers of the English-speaking tradition have developed a growing interest in the effects that light has on the nocturnal experience. In particular, this interest has centered around two lines of research: the relationship between street lighting and fear of crime and, more recently, the experiences produced by temporary lighting installations.Through the crossing of observations on different lightscapes: the illumination of the public space, the illumination of heritage building and temporary forms of illumination within the framework of light festivals this thesis proposes an approach that combines the theoretical and methodological perspectives developed by these two literatures.The scientific and practical interest of this choice meets several criteria. On the one hand, it allows an account of the three main empirical contexts that have been explored in the existing literature on light. At the same time, the joint study of these three types of lightscapes offers the opportunity to analyse the same object at different scales and in different spatial-temporal contexts. More generally, the entire thesis aims to produce a crossing of looks at different levels. On the one hand, we wish to produce a horizontal dialogue between the study of the construction of a lightscape and the experience it produces on a daily basis. On the other hand, we wish to encourage a cross-sectional comparison between the different types of light policies and between the different experiences produced by light in the contemporary city.As such, this thesis contributes to the study of the more recent evolutions of urban lighting policies as well as providing as analysis of the influence that urban illumination has on the spatial and social practices that characterize public space. It shows that the convergence of technical and conceptual logics has resulted in the production of different types of lightscapes that take part in an evolution of urban planning policies towards a growing aestheticization of the contemporary city. More generally, this work contributes to the study of the political dimensions of urban planning, the processes of urban policy construction and the relationship between expert knowledge and the integration of the lived and sensory experience of city users in the construction of public space
Brunet-Canabady-Rochelle, Anne-Gabrièle. "La Nuit transfigurée : essai sur l'imaginaire de la nuit dans le Cycle du Lancelot-Graal." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2009MON30060.
Full textConsistent with the traditional elements of classical anthropology, as well as those of Indo-european myths, Celtic legends and Christian theology, night and its corollaries – obscurity, natural or artificial light – are a key to understanding certain important aspects of the vast assemblage formed by the Lancelot-Grail cycle. Contrary to appearances, even though generally feared and frightening, night is a temporal space in which well known, key scenes are played out, scenes such as appearances of the Holy Grail or those where characters may give themselves over to dreams, meditation, love, or performing heroic feats appropriate to a nocturnal setting. The negative features of nighttime disappear, absorbed by the darkness which dominates shadowy places associated with the underworld (prisons, enchanted castles, cemeteries, tombs) or which dominates preternatural situations (characters bound in irons or tortured), all of which set challenges for the knights and represent so many steps in the process of their selection for even greater exploits. Through a methodical gathering of the extremely rich and nuanced vocabulary used in connection with nighttime and crepuscular moments, this study explores the full set of nocturnal or shadowy scenes and concludes with the tranquil space of a fictional night transformed by the magic of the Grail and by the act of writing
Morin, Philippe-Israël. "Acclimatation à la nuit polaire puis au retour de la lumière chez la diatomée arctique Fragilariopsis cylindrus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27908.
Full textPolar winter in the Arctic can last as long as 6 months each year at high latitude. During this period, no light is available for photoautotrophic growth. Nevertheless, when light returns in spring, a sea-ice algae and phytoplankton bloom develops in the surface ocean layers. Therefore, the following questions can be asked: How do photoautotrophic communities (mainly diatoms) survive through winter darkness until light returns in spring? What are the physiological mechanisms underlying such survival? Our goal was to understand the acclimation processes at stake in both darkness and during the return to light by closely looking at the changes in intra-cellular content and functional capacity of a polar sea-ice diatom, Fragilariopsis cylindrus. We measured a set of parameters at specific time-points: the first days and first weeks up to 3 months of darkness, and the first hours up to 6 days upon return to light. This set included cell number and cytometry, cellular carbon and nitrogen quotas, lipid and pigment contents, fluorescence determinations, photosynthetic proteins (D1, RUBISCO), photosynthetic parameters and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). A rather stable state was reached few days following transition to dark and was maintained throughout until the return of light: stable cell size and number, low energy reserve consumption, slow decrease of photosynthetic pigments and very low photosynthetic capacities. Subsequent transition to light after 1.5 months induced strong NPQ activity and reassembly/renewal of photosynthetic components, followed by metabolic recovery and cell growth. Transition after 3 months showed a much slower recovery and no cell growth, highlighting the increase of potential mortality with longer periods of darkness.
Egli, Irina. "Lumière de nuit ; et, La ligne de fissure : la construction des personnages dans Les faux-monnayeurs d'André Gide." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83179.
Full textThe Rift: The development of the characters in Andre Gide's Les Faux-Monnayeurs (Critical Essay). Since it is both the witness and the subject of the novel, the protagonist is the most reliable barometer of the reversals that occur within. At the crossroad of times and literary trends, the gidian character, in its fruitful singularity, is a constant source of amazement. Haunted by doubt and fundamental interrogations, this protagonist exists only in imagining life, feels only in imagining feelings, and talks only behind different masks, names and destinies. All of which are the product of its imagination, of course. I intend to analyse the construction of this character, as difficult to seize and define as is Gide, in the author's most accomplished novel, Les Faux-Monnayeurs.
Roger, Mathias. "De l’imaginaire nocturne aux musiques de la nuit. L’exemple de la France autour de 1900." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040272/document.
Full textFor human being, night is not only an astronomic phenomenon but it also nourishes its imagination of many fantasies and fears. For this reason, it remains a great source of inspiration for the artists, particularly in France around 1900, and the purpose of this thesis is then to find the traces of nocturnal phenomenon is night’s music of this period and beyond. What do night’s music keep of this peculiar night experience ? From a methodology inspired by the sciences of imaginary and a musical analysis of a dozen score of this period, this work examine notions such as shade and light, night in his relation to death or to the dimensions of time and space. It leads so to the understanding of certain analogies between night and his musical forms
Li, Wanjing. "Développement d'un système stéréoscopique adaptatif à l'aide de lumière structurée." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS026.
Full textIn the context of the 3D reconstruction of scenes by using active vision system, we propos two approaches of Regions Of Interest (ROI) localization in the scene. Once integrated in a commercial 3D scanner as pre-processing process, each approach would be capable to indicate the zones of scanning. In this way, the reconstruction time would be largely reduced, and the obtained point cloud would be much less important, whereas almost all pertinent date would be conserved. The first approach called “passive” is based on the 2D information of the scene. It consists in localizing, in the scene observed, the objects of specific type. This approach was developed under the assumption that the target objects have the shape of a tube. Firstly, several image processing tools are applied to determine contours of the tubes in the images; and finally, the scanning zones are determined in the space of the projector. This approach can be eventually generalized to apply to other types of forms. The second approach called “active” is based on the 3D information extracted from the scene by an iterative process. The process begins by a regular point pattern; based on the estimation of local surface curvature around each reconstructed 3D point, a new pattern is generated in order to project more points, during the next iteration, in the zones with strong curvature; as soon as the iterative process stops, the ROI can be determined in the space of the projector. The major advantage of this approach is that no constraint is necessary on the form of the ROI
Im Zusammenhang mit der 3D Rekonstruktion von Objekten mittels aktiver Projektion werden zwei Ansätze zur Detektion wichtiger Oberflächenbereiche für die Punktbestimmung vorgestellt. Die beiden Ansätze wurden mittels eines aktiven Stereosystems entwickelt. Im Falle einer Integration in kommerzielle 3D Scanner (Lasersystem, Projektionssystem) erlauben beide Ansätze den Messbereich im Sinne einer Vorverarbeitung auf die morphologisch relevanten Bereiche zu beschränken. Dementsprechend wird die Messzeit deutlich verkürzt, die Punktwolke erheblich verkleinert und trotzdem alles Wichtige erhalten. Der erste Ansatz basiert auf 2D-Daten des zu messendem Feldes. Dabei sind in diesen Daten die Messobjekte zu lokalisieren. Derzeit ist dieser Ansatz unter der Annahme realisiert, dass zu erfassende Objekte eine zylindrische Form haben. Die Wahl der Zylindergeometrie erfolgte dabei stellvertretend für andere denkbare Geometrien, auf die das Vorgehen einfach übertragen werden kann. Der zweite Ansatz fußt auf 3D-Daten, die in einem iterativen Prozess aus dem Messfeld gewonnen werden. Zunächst wird ein reguläres Muster auf das Objekt projiziert und mittels Stereotriangulation eine entsprechende 3D-Punktwolke erzeugt. In der Punktwolke wird für jeden Punkt die Oberflächenkrümmung im Raum ermittelt und in der Nachbarschaft von Punkten mit starker Krümmung ein neues, dichteres Muster projiziert. Der iterative Prozess ist beendet, sobald die verbleibenden Krümmungen unterhalb eines Grenzwertes liegen. Diese Methode eignet sie sich für die Digitalisierung von Innenbereichen in Gebäuden, über die man keinerlei a prioi- Information über die zu findenden Objekte besitzt
Pleshoyano, Alexandra. "L'expérience de la nuit chez Etty Hillesum à la lumière de saint Jean de la Croix une herméneutique de la démaîtrise." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5195.
Full textMallet, Sandra. "Des plans-lumière nocturnes à la chronotopie. Vers un urbanisme temporel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3014.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the consideration on urban rhythms in planning. Indeed, faced to economic, social and technical evolutions in France, it's seems now essential to take into account the current stakes of transformations in urban planning.The analysis is centred on night-time, a particular moment of the everyday life, which undergoes numerous changes. The mutations i take into consideration are both social and spatial practices and representations
Tähkämö, Leena. "Analyse de cycle de vie pour sources de lumière artificielle : étude et analyse des cas types." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2211/.
Full textThe life cycle assessment method is standardized on a general level, but no established rules exist for conducting a life cycle assessment of light sources in detail. In most cases, it is impossible to directly compare the results of different assessments. Because of the major changes in the lighting market, it is useful to assess the environmental impacts of various light sources in similar methods. The work addresses this problem by presenting two models, a simple and an extensive one, for conducting the life cycle assessment of light sources rapidly and in a transparent, comparative way. The models are developed on the basis of four case studies presented in the work and a review to the life cycle assessment found in the literature. The case studies and the review of the previous life cycle assessments concluded similar findings despite the differences in the methods, scopes and evaluated light sources. The main conclusion of the life cycle assessments was the clear dominance of the use stage energy consumption. The environmental impacts of the use were found to be sensitive to the life of the light source and the used energy source. The dominance of the use stage was the clearest in light sources of low luminous efficacy and low manufacturing efforts and when using high-emission energy sources. The importance of the manufacturing is estimated to increase by a more detailed assessment of the manufacturing processes. The average environmental impacts of other life cycle stages, such as transport and end-of-life, were found practically negligible, but possibly notable in a certain environmental impact category
Evrard, Ludovic. "Contribution à la reconstruction surfacique par organisation perceptuelle sous vision monoculaire en lumière structurée." Littoral, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DUNK0026.
Full textPetit, Géraldine. "Comportement, croissance et sécrétion hypophysaire de l'hormone de croissance chez le black-bass Micropterus salmoi͏̈des en alternance jour / nuit ou en lumière continue." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4018.
Full textThis study conducted in laboratory deals with behavioural activities (locomotion, food intake and agressivity), growth and pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion in Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. In the first part, the behavioural study stresses on the strongly diurnal pattern of locomotion and food intake activities. We also point out the importance of the light regimen on these activities. . . [etc. ]
Piedpremier, Julien. "Les grandes images." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082545.
Full textStrauss, Olivier. "Perception de l'environnement par vision en lumière structurée : segmentation des images par poursuites d'indices." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20010.
Full textHouel, Nicolas. "Pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse : étude des enjeux et méthodes de la requalification du parc d'éclairage public de la métropole nantaise au travers de la récolte d'indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ambiances nocturnes en ville." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0032.
Full textAs part of a CIFRE contract associated with the definition of the Lighting Development Coherence Scheme (SCAL) of the city of Nantes, Nicolas Houel’s thesis contributes to identifying the stakes of better energy and light sobriety in the management of its public lighting park. The research deals with the development methodology of the SCAL and focuses on the identification of current controversies in the artificial lighting practice, to raise awareness and involve the users of public spaces in the evaluation and production of nocturnal urban ambiances. It includes a series of field surveys dedicated to the evaluation and iteration of a method for the collection of sensitive indicators. Beyond its analytical part, the thesis proposes an unprecedented digital mapping tool to monitor the installations and to in real time the collection of physical and sensitive indicators identified by the users. The research addresses the concept of expertise of use, potentially complementary of political, artistic and technical ones that currently govern public lighting. They highlight the prominent place of artificial lighting in collective culture and the very low representativity of the concept of darkness. The pedagogy of light sobriety, regarding the challenge of energy and light sobriety originally pursued through an approach of awareness to public lighting for users, is ultimately oriented towards a form of pedagogy of darkness, in which light sobriety could settle lastingly
Fertey, Gilles. "Deux problèmes en synthèse d'images : les sources directionnelles de lumière et une interface évoluée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817447.
Full textAnsarnia, Masoomeh. "Development and Test of Computer Vision and Deep Learning Methods for Dynamic Management of Urban Lighting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0272.
Full textThis doctoral thesis has been conducted within the framework of a research contract between the French urban lighting design and manufacturing company, Eclatec, and the Jean Lamour Institute in Nancy. The overarching goal of this research is to enhance nighttime urban lighting while simultaneously reducing electrical consumption and light pollution. To achieve this, an RGB camera is integrated into the streetlamp's light source, serving as the primary data collection point. This choice necessitated the use of a wide-angle lens with a slight vertical tilt in its axis. Although this configuration allows for the observation of a significant portion of the illuminated area, it results in highly distorted images. From this system, four major research challenges were investigated:1. The first challenge concerns video detection of individuals in close proximity to the luminaire under very low lighting conditions, with the aim of achieving dynamic lighting adjustment. This detection relies on deep learning models from the Yolo family, which were fine-tuned through transfer learning using a specific collection of images. These images were captured at various locations in the Nancy metropolitan area, at heights ranging from 6 to 8 meters. Under conditions of 10 lux illumination, an aperture of f/3.5, and a fixed sensitivity of 3200 ISO, the detection rate for pedestrians and vehicles exceeds 97%. The model, implemented on the embedded NVidia Jetson Nano GPU, achieves a frame rate of approximately 10 FPS, which proves adequate for our application. 2. The second research direction explores the recognition of the environment surrounding the luminaire through semantic segmentation of images. This segmentation will subsequently be employed to adapt the light distribution of the LED matrix to the encountered urban scenario. To accomplish this, we employed the OCR-HRNet neural network, which enhances high-resolution segmentation by incorporating contextual representation that considers pixel aggregation. This architecture is well-suited to images of non-uniform surfaces, characteristic of the ground beneath the luminaire. The results demonstrate excellent identification of structures and vegetated areas. However, the distinction between sidewalk and road remains challenging, particularly when road surfaces exhibit similar reflectance and textures. A post-image virtual marking solution significantly improves segmentation accuracy, especially in sunny scenes with numerous shadowed areas. 3. In a third phase, we modeled the optical system to enable the estimation of the real-world positions of ground points based on their images. A simple Cam To World transformation is proposed, accounting for extrinsic parameters of the viewpoint (height, pitch, and resolution), and the lens distortion function, approximated as an equidistant projection law. Given that stringent precision is not critical, a rigorous system calibration was not conducted. For an effective observation zone of 20 m × 50 m, the localization error is on the order of meters. 4. Finally, we propose an avenue for utilizing the lighting infrastructure to analyze traffic flow fluidity. The proposed method analyzes apparent motion of users by estimating the mean optical flow within each bounding box detected by Yolo. Currently, optical flow determination is performed offline using the deep learning algorithm FlowNet2. In the range of 0 to 15 m/s, the estimated speed of the moving object exhibits an error of less than 1 m/s
Helali, Sihem. "Application de la photocatalyse pour la dégradation des polluants chimiques et bactériologiques dans l'eau en utilisant des catalyseurs irradiés par des photons de lumière naturelle ou artificielle (UV‐A /UV‐B)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876027.
Full textHelali, Sihem. "Application de la photocatalyse pour la dégradation des polluants chimiques et bactériologiques dans l’eau en utilisant des catalyseurs irradiés par des photons de lumière naturelle ou artificielle (UV‐A /UV‐B)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10316/document.
Full textThe photocatalytic degradation of two amino‐compounds, methylamine (MA) and dimethylamine (DMA) was investigated in the presence of UV‐irradiated TiO2 aqueous suspensions. Different parameters were studied: adsorption under dark and UV conditions, photolysis, kinetics of degradation, effect of pH, effect of the nature and intensities of photonic flux and finally the chemical pathway MA and DMA degradation.While, the percentage of covered OH in the dark was equal for MA and DMA, it becomes twice higher for MA under UV. The reactivity of MA and DMA is directly correlated with the adsorption under UV. The nitrogen atoms were decomposed mainly to ammonium. Nitrite was also formed but was rapidly oxidized to nitrate. At basic pH, photo assisted hydrolysis and the attack of OH• on N‐atom increase. DMA is mainly transformed to MA. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis show the presence of final slightly mineralised intermediate compounds containing nitrogen atom. We shown that, whatever the energy of photons (UV‐A or UV‐B), the same quantum yield equal to 0.033 was obtained.The photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli under natural solar irradiation in the absence (SODIS) as well in the presence of different concentrations of varied photocatalysts has also been investigated. The effect of temperature on E. coli inactivation was studied. Results show that the additions of any types of catalyst to the water accelerate the bactericidal action of solar irradiation and leads to a total disinfection. No bacterial regrowth was observed during the subsequent dark period. Ammonium and potassium ions were formed during E. coli inactivation in agreement with the membrane perforation and the oxidation of proteins
Hantz-Brachet, Edith. "Etude d'émulsions et de vésicules unilamellaires d'intérêt biologique ou pharmaceutique par diffusion quasiélastique de la lumière et spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132009.
Full textTian, Feng. "Etude et optimisation des systèmes d'éclairage pour la croissance des plantes en milieu contrôlé." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30248/document.
Full textArtificial lighting systems can be used for plant growth in protected horticulture. Their main function is to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Plant factory and greenhouse with supplemental lighting are the concrete manifestation of protected horticulture. The applications of Plant Artificial Radiation Sources (PARS) mean that the sunlight has not been the unique light source for agricultural production but can be replaced by PARS. Especially, Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting (PFAL) is an innovative technology for modern agriculture that fundamentally change the concept of farming. However, there are some problems for this new technique. First, some people do not understand well the characteristics of artificial light source. Second, photobiology mechanism under different spectra is not clear enough for all the species. Third, agricultural field is a large system of great complexity. As a result, the PARS usually have low efficiency and high energy consumption, which become the main obstacles for plant applications. PARS and their systems are the core technique to develop protected horticulture, especially for plant factory that can only use PARS for photosynthesis and agricultural production. However, the high energy consumption and design flaws become the bottleneck problems. Therefore, how to select the light sources and optimize the lighting systems are of great importance. Which kind of spectrum is optimal for plants or algae needs further study. Light emitting diode (LED) is the fourth (the latest) generation light source. Compared with traditional light sources, it has unparalleled advantages such as high efficiency, long lifetime, flexible spectrum, cool light, small size, robust, etc. Besides, LED lighting systems (LLS) use DC power supply, which is more reliable and easier to control. Therefore, LLS become more and more popular to the researchers, engineers, manufacturers and biologists. Particularly, LED applications for agricultural production also attract broad attention in the world in recent years. LED is known as the ideal choice to spread in the protected horticulture
Botté, Audrey. "Impact de la pollution lumineuse nocturne sur l’huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas : étude de la perturbation des rythmes biologiques et des conséquences physiologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0494.
Full textArtificial Light At Night (ALAN) masks natural light cycles used by organisms to synchronize their biological rhythm with the environment. By disrupting these rhythms, ALAN can have harmful physiological consequences. Coastal environments are largely affected by ALAN due to the high and growing human population density. However, despite this growing threat, ALAN effects on these ecosystems are poorly studied. The oyster Crassostrea gigas is a key species of these ecosystems likely exposed to ALAN. This work evaluates ALAN effects at low and realistic intensities on the oyster’s behavioral daily rhythm and on its internal clock according to its intensity, spectral composition and exposure modality. Furthermore, the impact of ALAN is also studied on the oyster’s shell growth and gill’s microbiota. Results show that ALAN affects the oyster behavioral daily rhythm and its molecular clock, suggesting a disruption of its functioning, strating from 0.1 lx with the strongest effects in blue light and the least strong in green light. In addition, this study suggests that cutting off direct lighting in the middle of the night but in the presence of skyglow could increase harmful effects. Finally, ALAN reduces shell growth and leads to dysbiosis of the gill’s microbiota. These adverse effects are directly correlated with the daily rhythm robustness
Shabayek, Abd El Rahman. "Apports combinés de la vision omnidirectionnelle et polarimétrique pour la navigation de robots." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866581.
Full textLavoie, Suzie. "Niveaux de vigilance pendant et après une exposition à la lumière vive durant la nuit." Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14165.
Full textBertin, Sylvain. "Le paysage urbain nocturne : une dialectique du regard entre ombre et lumière." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18419.
Full textThis thesis questions the ways the urban landscape is constructed at night. It develops a dialectical approach of sight, between luminosity and darkness. Because the city becomes invisible in the darkness, the night puts the existence of the city in jeopardy. This thesis explores the new interpretations of the city resulting from the illuminated landscapes. The purpose is to understand the changing and unstable appearances of the city at night. To discover the city at night implies understanding the ephemeral aspects of its appearance, its capacity to survive and to be visually transformed. The night reveals the fascination for light as well as the fear of darkness. Night is governed by visual changes; it intensifies and multiplies the significance of the urban spaces to the viewer. Between Dionysian and malign nights, a variety of “urban nocturnal scenes” appears. Because night changes the visual conditions and therefore the perception of the city, this study develops a reflection on the urban landscape considering the night as a “heterotopia”. Situated at the meeting point of the real and the imaginary, this investigation questions the limits of what is visible in order to look at what is invisible. This research reveals a complex relationship between the city and lighting; it examines how the society looks at darkness and how new relations with urban spaces emerge at night. Lighting provides the backdrop for activities; it regulates city perceptions’ and experiences’ at night. Night time enables to consider the tensions between luminosity and darkness. This investigation of the “in-between” of light and dark contributes to the comprehension of the city at night through a transversal perspective. Therefore, this study is composed of a literature review on the evolution of urban lighting approaches, and on the relation that the city has with the night time iii and the darkness. It provides an understanding of new approaches of lighting design with the addition of new concepts emerging in the literature on the night. The methodological approach includes anthropological and experiential landscape perspectives to question the different ways of looking at the night. Interviews with stakeholders from different disciplines—urban planning, architecture, landscape architecture, design and art—and the study of the visual and sensitive experience of the city at night, provide a diversity of ways to see the city at night. Using Montreal as a case study, this Canadian metropolis offers an original context to better understand the relation that the occidental society has with the city at night. The dissertation presents a hierarchization of the representations of the urban spaces. From the recognition of downtown spaces, passing by the banalization of daily spaces and the misreading of marginal places, this research depicts a new portrait of Montreal and how it is seen and imagined at night. It contributes in a new comprehension on how the city is planned and experienced, depending on sociocultural representations of night time. It aims at defining what is the “nocturnal urban landscape”.