Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lumber

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Lumber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lumber"

1

Onat, Saadettin Murat, and Serkan Özdemir. "Optimizacija parametara proizvodnje ugušćene lamelirane furnirske građe proizvedene upotrebom urea-formaldehidne smole." Drvna industrija 74, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0079.

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This research aims to optimize densified laminated veneer lumber production parameters of compression ratio, press temperature, press time, and adhesive spread rate to maximize their mechanical properties. In the manufacturing process of densified laminated veneer lumber, I-77/51 American poplar clone (Populus deltoides) veneers and urea formaldehyde adhesive are used. The results showed that the compression rate and press time had the most significant impact on the mechanical properties of densified laminated veneer lumber. The optimal production conditions were determined as follows: 38 % compression, press temperature of 170 °C, press time of (10±3) minutes, and spread rate of 150 g/m2. Modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile shear strength, and tensile strength perpendicular to panels surface of densified laminated veneer lumbers produced under these conditions increased by 49 %, 8 %, 71 %, and 23 %, respectively, compared to the control group of laminated veneer lumber. So, it can be said that the production parameters of densified laminated veneer lumbers can be optimized safely and effectively using Taguchi method-based grey relational analysis.
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Rawat, Yashwant Singh, Misganu Eba, and Moti Nebiyu. "Lumber Recovery Rate of Cupressus lusitanica in Arsi Forest Enterprise, Ethiopia." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021046.

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In Ethiopia, sawmills have poor capacity utilization primarily due to the outdated equipment that resulted in a low recovery rate and the production of a high amount of wastage. The lumber recovery rate is the output (lumber) of a log in the sawing process. In Ethiopia, Cupressus lusitanica is significantly used for lumber, for furniture production, construction, poles and posts. Sampled logs were processed according to the normal production rate and standard lumber dimension of the sawmill for the purpose of estimating the lumber recovery rate. The present study aimed to investigate the lumber recovery rate of C. lusitanica and the factors affecting it. A total of 26.93 m3 of lumber was produced by the sawmilling operation, representing 72.86% of the overall lumber recovery rate. Furthermore, the sawdust and slabs were recorded as 2.92 m3 (7.90%) of sawdust and 7.11 m3 (19.24%) of slabs, respectively. There were a number of factors that decreased the magnitude of the lumber recovery rate. It was observed that cutting using a wider saw kerf caused a reduction in the rate of lumber recovery owing to the generation of an increased quantity of sawdust. The lumbers were air-seasoned in the sawmill yard. Maximizing the volume of the lumber recovered from the logs can increase the sawmill profitability, lessen the effects of climate change, ensure the sustainable use of natural resources, enhance the energy efficiency and manage wood waste (e.g., recycling and prevention) for green economic development and industrial transformation. This species has a great demand in the wood industry of Ethiopia; hence, the plantation and yield of C. lusitanica must be expanded in order to provide sustainable forestry, protect valuable forest resources and safeguard the biodiversity in the country.
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Shibasaki, Yasuhiko, Kenta Kobayashi, Tatsuya Suwabe, Kyoko Fuse, Miwako Narita, Hirohito Sone, and Masayoshi Masuko. "Depletion of Pre-Transplant Skeletal Muscle Is a Significant Poor Prognostic Factor in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124733.

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Introduction Depletion of skeletal muscle is a poor prognostic factor for patients with various malignancies; however its significance for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in patients with hematological disease is unclear. Generally, muscle mass is measured by the methods established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, which require the use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioimpedance analysis, methods that are not performed in routine practice. Therefore, cross-sectional imaging using computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as an alternative method for analyzing muscle mass in clinical practice. Especially, lumbar total muscle cross-sectional area using CT, normalized for body height, which was named lumbar skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), is reported as an indicator of nutritional status, sarcopenia and cancer cachexia in patients with solid organ malignancy. Aims To clarify the usefulness of a pre-transplant lumber SMI as a prognostic indicator for allo-HCT patients. Methods Among 208 patients with hematological disease who underwent allo-HCT between 2006 and 2017 at our facility, 191 patients (95 males and 96 females) underwent CT scans for routine pre-transplant status assessment. Ninety patients had acute myeloid leukemia, 38 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 24 patients had myelodysplastic syndrome, 20 patients had malignant lymphoma, and 19 patients had other diseases. The median age of the patients was 42 years old (range: 16-66 years). Seventy-eight patients received myeloablative conditioning and the others received reduced intensity conditioning regimens. The number of patients in each HCT-comorbidity index (HCT-CI) risk group was as follows: low: 72, intermediate: 54 and high: 65. Axial images at the iliac crest were selected for analysis of lumber total muscle cross-sectional area (cm2). The rectus abdominus, psoas and paraspinal muscles were identified and quantified. Lumbar total muscle cross-sectional area was normalized for body height in meters squared (m2) and used to calculate lumbar SMI (cm2/m2). This study was performed in accordance with the Japanese Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Humans and approved by the Ethical Committee of our facility. Results The median pre-transplant lumber SMI of the male patients was significantly higher than that of the female patients (42.7 (24.9-60.2) mm2/m2 vs. 31.9 (20.7-44.6) mm2/m2, p<0.01). We defined the cutoff value of lumber SMI as 42.7cm2/m2 for male and 31.9cm2/m2 for female patients. In the Kaplan-Meier estimate analysis, low lumber SMI was a significant poor prognostic factor for overall survival (p=0.016). In multivariate analysis using Cox regression model, adjusting for age, refined disease risk index, conditioning and HCT-CI, low lumber SMI was extracted as a significant poor prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.36, p=0.036). By logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratio of 1-year non-relapse mortality for low lumber SMI was 2.47 (95% CI 1.13-5.41, p=0.024). Conclusion Low pre-transplant lumber SMI is a significant poor prognostic factor in allo-HCT, independent of other risk factors including HCT-CI and refined disease risk index in patients with hematological disease. It is affected by the high rate of non-relapse mortality in the early phase following allo-HCT in patients with low lumber SMI. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Song, Shi Quan, Hua Dong Xu, and Li Hai Wang. "The Application of Modal Analysis in Hole-Defect in Lumber." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1776.

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Larch lumbers were tested by using modal analysis technology and Frequency response functions (FRF) were derived. Modal parameters, including first 4 intrinsic frequency and first 3 modal shape, were distinguished by single modal method. Research shows that the intrinsic frequency of hole-defect lumbers is little lower than standard lumbers’ and the change rate of frequency is becoming larger gradually with the diameter of hole-defect. However, it can not judge the position of the hole-defect by the change rate of frequency. The modal shape of the node near the hole-defect always jumps abruptly, so it can estimate the particular position of hole-defect in the lumber. The variation of modal shape is becoming larger gradually with the diameter of hole-defect. It can make qualitative and quantitative estimate to the hole-defect in the lumber by considering intrinsic frequency and modal shape together.
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Y, Chudasma Hardik, Yadav C. R, and Pareek Pooja. "Management of Katishool by Shaman aushadhi along with Panchkarma therapy A case study." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v10i1.1158.

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Spondylosis refers to degenerative changes in the spine such as bone spurs and degenerative changes in intervertebral disc. Lumber spondylosis mainly affects on lower spine. In this condition spine is compromised by a narrowing of the space between the vertebrae. In a classic case of lumber spondylosis, the space between discs in the lumbar spine becomes narrowed. Because of this the patient develops numbness, tingling and pain which seem to radiate out from the area. These symptoms are the results of pressure on the nerves as they exit the spinal cord. It has been estimated that about 80% of world population develop lumber spondylosis after the age of 40 years. In Ayurveda, It can compare with a disease Katishool, characterized by Kati pradeshevedana, Kati shunyata, kriya hani, Hasta-pada suptata.in this article we are focusing in the management of Lumber spondolosis (Katishool) through Ayurveda. A 46 year old male patient reported to the outdoor department of Sharir Kriya NIA, Jaipur, with the complains of Kati pradeshevedana (Pain in Lumber region), Kati shunyata (Numbness), Dourbalyata (Weakness), Shramahani (Lethargy) for last 6 month and other associate complaints were Hypertension, debility, lethargy, excessive sleep, burning micturation for four month. The patient was diagnosed as Lumber spondylosis. A combination of Yogaraj Guggulu (2 Tab), Punarnavadi Guggulu (2 Tab) twice a day, along with Dashmoolkwath (40 ml), Capsule Sandhika (1 tab), Grokart Ds (2 Tab), Chropexae (1 Tab) twice a day with water after meal for one months. Patient is treated with some panchkarma procedure like katibasti and karma basti. After one month of treatment a significant response was found.
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Ziad, Alishbah, Madiha Saeed Wahla, Nimra Riaz, Salma Gul, Muhammad Mahad Umar Lodhi, and Suraya Bano. "OSTEOPOROSIS WITHIN A COHORT OF POSTMENOPAUSAL PAKISTANI WOMEN USING DUAL X-RAY BONE DENSITOMETRY." KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 193–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2021.21685.

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OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis within a cohort of Pakistani postmenopausal women with respect to the lumbar spine and hip. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan from September 2019 to Feb 2020. Study comprised of 237 postmenopausal females who visited the outpatient department of the hospital. The T-scores of Bone Mineral density (BMD) data was collected and arranged in three groups: normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis. Data was analyzed to explore the distribution of the data and correlation analyses using R software version 3.6.3. RESULTS: Out of 237 females, majority were ranging in age from 61-70 years (n=110; 46.4%), followed by 51-60 years age group (n=60; 25.3%). Osteopenia was noted in 98 (41.4%) cases in lumber spine and hip area. Osteoporosis was found in 79 (33.3%) and 59 (24.9%) cases in lumber spine and hip region respectively. Mean T score was -1.775±-2.000 and median T score was -1.469 for lumber spine and hip. T-scores distribution of lumbar spine and hip indicated the highest proportion having a sore of -2 SD (n=60; 25.3% each), followed by -3 SD in 52 (21.9%) cases. Bone mass density was negatively correlated with age (p≤0.01). However, no significant difference was found among the BMD values of lumbar spine and hip region. CONCLUSION: Decreased bone density was a common occurrence affecting postmenopausal females and there is increase in degenerative bone loss with increasing age. Hip and lumbar spine region are equally affected by degenerative bone loss.
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Chang, Wei-Yew, and Chris Gaston. "The competitiveness of Canadian softwood lumber: a disaggregated trade-flow analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 12 (December 2014): 1494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0058.

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A recursive dynamic spatial equilibrium model is used to examine the global competitiveness of Canadian softwood lumber. To address the restrictive assumption of softwood lumber homogeneity, this study disaggregates softwood lumber into two product groups: (i) higher grade lumber that includes appearance, select structural-grade lumber, and Japanese J-grade lumber; and (ii) lower grade lumber that includes the United States dimension lumber that is commonly used in construction and utility- and economy-grade lumber. Factors that may affect global softwood lumber markets are simulated in the model to project global softwood lumber trade flows from 2012 to 2021. The results indicate that the reduced lumber supply in western Canada caused by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestation combined with demand increases in several regions of the world will contribute to a global increase in softwood lumber prices. Our results suggest that the global price increase will be greater for lower grade softwood lumber than for higher grade lumber. The United States and China will continue to be the top two markets for lower grade Canadian softwood lumber. Although Canadian exports of lower grade softwood lumber to the United States are expected to increase marginally over time in response to the recovery of American housing starts, softwood lumber exports to China are expected to drop significantly, and it is forecasted that exports from the Russian Federation will fill that void. These findings provide strong market signals for both forest managers and the forest-products industry to assess supply chain profitability and adjust production planning accordingly.
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Murtopo, Ali, Ria Miftakhul Jannah, Sabilla Sabilla, and Labibah Tsaniyah. "Failure Analysis of Glulam Lumber Beam Made from Meranti Lumber Pieces (Shorea SP)." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 22, no. 2 (October 24, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v22i2.26231.

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The development of glue-laminated (glulam) lumber beam gives many good results. Meranti (Shorea SP) is one of the construction lumber that can be used as glulam to optimize its use. The limitation of the glulam lumber beam is the limited length of the lumber, so it must be joined to get a certain length. The lumber available in the market on average has a limited size and cross-sectional length. The larger the cross-sectional size and length of the lumber make the higher the price. Used lumber and residual lumber also have many weaknesses, such as the length of suitable lumber is too short, lumber defects, and lumber damages. Further research needs to be done to optimize the use of new, used, and residual meranti lumber through the use of lumber pieces as a glulam lumber beam maker. Standard specimen and test based on ASTM D-198. Glulam lumber beam is made from pieces of meranti lumber planks of certain length which are arranged into lamina beam with the size of 5.5x9.5x150 cm3. Variations in the length of the pieces of meranti lumber planks for making glulam lumber beam, among others, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 50 cm with full length lowest layer and 150 cm (full length). The adhesive used is polyurethane glue. The span between supports is 130 cm. The beam is tested for center point loading. The analysis results show that the joints on the outermost layer that receive tensile stress of the glulam lumber beam can cause weakening in the beam because the tensile strength of the adhesive is weaker than the tensile strength of lumber. Failure at the tensile joint of the outer layer of the beam can trigger a shear failure mode. Design of joints should not be placed on layers that are subject to tensile stresses so as not to trigger shear failure modes so that the strength of the glulam lumber beam can be optimal.
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Khademibami, Laya, Alan Sherrington, Rubin Shmulsky, and Franklin Quin. "Determination of Flexural Strength of Structural Red and White Oak and Hardwood Composite Lumber." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-21-00051.

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Abstract In this research, flexural properties of mill-run, in-grade red and white oak lumber from a single mill and commercially available laminated hardwood composite were evaluated. Structurally graded green (wet) freshly sawn red and white oak 5 by 10-cm (2 by 4-in) nominal lumber as well as glue-laminated hardwood composite billets were tested in bending and their modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) properties were developed. It is well documented that MOR and MOE are two major indicators to evaluate flexural strength of wood lumbers. From these data, summary statistics, design values, and mean separations were calculated and reported. Overall, the red and white oak lumber performed similarly to structural No. 2 grade material. The hardwood composite billets were highly uniform. Each of the three materials demonstrated a reasonably good relationship between MOE and MOR, thereby suggesting that MOE could be used as a selection criterion for strength in a commercial use situation.
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GÖRGÜLÜ, Yasin Furkan, and Murat AYDIN. "Computational Fluid Dynamics and Thermal Analysis of an Unloaded Lumber-drying Kiln." Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 23, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1269521.

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Aim of study: Drying in kilns becomes one of the most significant procedures for the optimal use of wood products since the dimensions alter with changes in relative humidity. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of an unloaded lumber-drying kiln and positioning of the timber to be dried were aimed. Material and methods: The heat and flow analysis of the lumber-drying kiln was analyzed using ANSYS software. Concrete and aluminum were chosen as the floor and wall materials, respectively. The wall thickness was taken as 1 meter. Gravity forces were also taken into account in the study, the number of elements of the created mesh is 87057 and the number of nodes is 17730. Main results: The flow characteristics and temperature analyses formed in the study shed light on the lumber-drying kilns planned to be built. Preliminary information is provided about the positioning of the lumbers to be dried according to flow paths and temperature distributions. Highlights: Flow analyzes of the unloaded lumber-drying kiln were undertaken and streamlines were shown. The thermal analysis of the hot air directed from the fans together with the concrete floor of the drying kiln and the walls made of aluminum panels was made.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lumber"

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Tomporoski, Alexandre Assis. "O pessoal da Lumber!" Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89306.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História.
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T19:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 242374.pdf: 4560310 bytes, checksum: 86f4ebd3c744a6816dfd4a3b033ab430 (MD5)
Esta dissertação objetiva analisar as relações que envolveram o viver dos trabalhadores da Southern Brazil Lumber and Colonization Company, suas origens, formação e atuação na região do planalto norte de Santa Catarina, especialmente entre os anos de 1910 a 1929. Para tanto, serão analisadas algumas das práticas, costumes e parte da sociabilidade dos moradores daquela região do planalto. As estratégias da companhia intentando explorar os trabalhadores serão reconstruídas por meio da análise de casos de acidente de trabalho, para os quais a empresa desenvolveu um rebuscado processo de resolução favorável de ações judiciais, contando com o apoio das principais autoridades locais de Três Barras e Canoinhas. A reação dos trabalhadores aos desmandos da companhia também serão contemplados, com especial atenção aos seus momentos de organização, mobilização e luta contra a Lumber e as redes do poder local. Desse modo, as greves deflagradas por esses trabalhadores, especialmente no contexto dos anos 1917-1919, terão especial atenção. This work aims to analyze the living of workers at Southern Brazil Lumber and Colonization Company, their background and activities in the northern region of Santa Catarina especially from 1910 to 1929. For that, some practices, customs and part of the sociability of inhabitants of that region will be analyzed. The company#s strategies to exploit its workers will be rebuilt through analyses of accident cases in which the company organized a sophisticated and favorable legal proceeding supported by local authorities of Três Barras and Canoinhas. The workers` reaction to the excesses of that company will be described, specially their organization, mobilization and fight against the Lumber and the local power nets. The strikes of these workers in the period of 1917- 1919 will be analyzed too.
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King, Helene. "The economic history of the Long-Bell Lumber Company." Lake Charles, La. : McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial Library, Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, 2008. http://library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/king.htm.

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Roch, Alain. "Les flux de transport du bois et des pâtes et papiers au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean-Chibougamau : les effets de la distance entre les aires de coupe et les usines de transformations [sic] /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Cunliffe, Richard I. (Richard Ian) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil. "Proof-loading effects on lumber." Ottawa, 1988.

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Ese-Etame, Roncs. "Impact of Ellipticality on Lumber Grade and Volume Recovery For Red Oak Logs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33429.

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Hardwood sawmills must become more efficient to remain competitive. One way to increase efficiency and competitiveness is to increase the value or lumber volume produced from logs. While methods to maximize value and volume recovery exist for round logs, little information exists on how to maximize these outcomes for logs with ellipticality. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of low and high degrees of ellipticality on green lumber grade and volume recovery for red oak logs under current sawing methods. Logs of low and high ellipticality were selected and processed at four Appalachian area sawmills. Processing variables and lumber output were tracked for all logs. It was determined that there was no significant difference in overrun, lumber volume, lumber value, and lumber grade between low and high ellipticality logs when comparing the log output at all four sawmills. It was determined that how an individual sawmill processes logs affects the outcome between logs with high and low ellipticality. None of the sawmills produced more value for high elliptical logs than for low elliptical logs and it was possible to produce more lumber volume and value with low elliptical logs. Highly elliptical logs required more processing time than low ellipticality logs in terms of log turns, total elapsed time at the headrig, and number of sawlines at the headrig. The increased processing time results in increased processing costs which were estimated to be $1.28 to $11.33 per log. These costs were not offset by an increase in lumber volume nor lumber value; therefore, highly elliptical sawlogs are less desirable to process than low elliptical logs using current sawing methods.
Master of Science
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Nistal, Franca Frederico Jose. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Southern Pine Lumber." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10288887.

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Southern pine (SP) lumber is the primary softwood material in the United States. The main procedure during lumber grading process is the identification of the strength reducing characteristics that impacts the modulus of rupture (MOR). Non-destructive evaluation technology can be used to identify higher-stiffness material. This study investigated the use of vibration methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of southern pine lumber. Significant correlations between the properties determined by non-destructive techniques and the static MOE were found. No strong correlations were found for MOR because it is related to the ultimate strength of material, often associated with the existence of localized defects, such as a knot. Non-destructive measurements, visual characteristics, and lumber density were used as independent variables. Linear models were constructed to indirectly estimate the MOE and MOR. The variables selected was dynamic modulus of elasticity (dMOE) to predict MOE. Adding density and knot diameter ratio to the model it was possible to develop a prediction model for MOR. It was possible to improve predictability of strength (MOR) with a combination of non-destructive and knot evaluation.

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Ho, Wai-hung Daniel, and 何偉雄. "Genetic study of lumber disc degeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841215.

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Strong, Neil. "Fungal deterioration of sawn softwood lumber." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285528.

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The colonisation of freshly sawn Corsican pine lumber by sapstain and mould fungi was investigated at a sawmill in Hampshire, UK. Three repeat trials encompassing the different seasons of the year were carried out over two years. Results show that fungal colonisation of sawn lumber is dependent on the effect of time of year. Sawlogs were stored for different intervals up to 16 weeks before conversion to boards. Boards were then stored for up to 12 weeks after milling and sampled every 4 weeks to determine the effect of timber ageing on fungal colonisation up to 28 weeks after felling. The metabolic activity of wood cells over the period after felling of the original tree was also measured. It was evident that the defacement of boards reached maximum levels after 12 weeks exposure irrespective of seasonal influences. Initial levels of fungal growth on lumber were reduced if the boards were milled from logs stored for a period prior to conversion. Investigations into the metabolic activity of the wood cells revealed significant levels of respiration taking place up to 28 weeks after felling of the original tree including 12 weeks post-conversion into boards. Boards were used to make a nested stack arrangement allowing plastic tanks top be placed in the centre. The tanks contained a sub-sample of the full-size boards in order to investigate insect activity and effects of gammairradiation. A total of 115 insect species representing 16 of the 34 British orders were collected during the trials. Seventy-two percent of these insects were collected from within the stacks of lumber and investigations using sealed tanks containing boards showed that the insects could influence the fungal colonisation of sawn lumber. Despite the relatively short length of the trials, a succession of insect colonisation from fungivores through to predators and detritivores was recorded. Boards, which were sterilised by gamma-irradiation, were preferentially colonised by mould fungi and subsequent internal staining was confined to the outer surface. Trials with short-length billets allowed the wood-colonising ability of selected sapstain fungi to be investigated under controlled conditions following sterilisation by gamma-irradiation or autoclaving, and storage at 30°C and 20°C. Lesion formation in gamma-irradiated tissue was solely due to the fungus potentially conditioning the wood for colonisation. Colonisation studies also revealed that different fungi exhibit different strategies enabling them to infect timber. Pathogenic species demonstrated a relatively fast initial growth rate to establish themselves before triggering any host anti-fungal responses in the wood. The characteristic lesions created in the billets were investigated using light and electron microscopy to reveal hyphal invasion and or/ wood cell modifications. Respiratory activity of the lesions was elucidated using radioactively labelled glucose allowing the metabolic pathways to be ascertained and demonstrated that wood tissue in the apparently healthy regions adjacent to the lesions reacted as if infected. Future work considers the possibility of biocontrol, using insects in combination with gamma-irradiation of sawn lumber and also further investigations into the reaction zones produced by the fungus growing in the wood.
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Ho, Wai-hung Daniel. "Genetic study of lumber disc degeneration." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841215.

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10

Craig, Bruce A. "Comparison of creep/duration of load performance in bending of Parallam® parallel strand lumber to machine stress rated lumber." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26194.

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A comparison of the creep/duration of load (DOL) performance of a new structural wood composite material called Parallam® parallel strand lumber (PSL) to two grades of machine-stress-rated (HSR) Douglas-fir lumber is presented in this thesis. Evaluation of the creep/DOL performance was made on nominal 2x4 members under constant bending stress at three stress levels. A total of 306 test specimens were evaluated for a 15-1/2 month time period. The analysis suggests that the duration of load effect for Parallam PSL was consistent with the Madison curve for the time period studied while the MSR Douglas-fir lumber was consistent with recent duration of load models developed for structural lumber. The analysis also indicates that the current duration of load adjustment factors can be applied to develop working stresses for Parallam. The creep behaviour of the Parallam PSL was found to be equivalent or better than the two MSR lumber grades under dry-service conditions. Furthermore, evidence of linear viscoelastic behaviour was found for all test materials within the range of applied stresses evaluated. Two mathematical models of creep were fitted to the creep data and compared. A '4-parameter linear viscoelastic' model fitted the creep data better than an empirical 'power curve' model. The model parameters developed provide a basis for estimating the mean creep behaviour and variability in creep response for these materials under in-service load conditions for dry-service environments.
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Books on the topic "Lumber"

1

Canada, Industry Science and Technology Canada. Lumber. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Softwood lumber. [Ottawa]: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Hardwood lumber. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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4

Brown, Terence D. Lumber size control. Corvallis, Or: Forest Research Lab, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 1986.

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Brown, Terence D. Lumber size control. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 2000.

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Denig, Joseph. Drying hardwood lumber. Madison, Wis: USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, 2000.

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Kinsey-Warnock, Natalie. Lumber camp library. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.

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Denig, Joseph. Drying hardwood lumber. [Madison, Wis.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2000.

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Barrett, J. D. Canadian lumber properties. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Wood Council, 1994.

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Gorte, Ross W. Lumber prices -- 1993. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lumber"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Dressed Lumber." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 244. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4018.

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Keey, Roger B., Timothy A. G. Langrish, and John C. F. Walker. "Lumber Quality." In Kiln-Drying of Lumber, 139–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59653-7_7.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Green Lumber." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 350. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5656.

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Hanscom, David, and Peter Grunert. "Revision Lumber Decompressions." In The Resident's Guide to Spine Surgery, 259–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20847-9_31.

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Rafferty, Milton D. "The Lumber Industry." In Missouri, 105–13. 1. Missouri—Description and travel. 2. Missouri—Historical geography. I. Title. II. Series.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429048272-8.

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Keey, Roger B., Timothy A. G. Langrish, and John C. F. Walker. "Pretreatments of Green Lumber." In Kiln-Drying of Lumber, 247–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59653-7_11.

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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. "A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 174–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0174.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.
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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. "A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 174–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0008.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.
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Keey, Roger B., Timothy A. G. Langrish, and John C. F. Walker. "The Structure of Wood." In Kiln-Drying of Lumber, 1–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59653-7_1.

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Keey, Roger B., Timothy A. G. Langrish, and John C. F. Walker. "Kiln Operation." In Kiln-Drying of Lumber, 221–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59653-7_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lumber"

1

Asako, Y., H. Nishimura, H. Kamikoga, and Y. Yamaguchi. "Effective Thermal Conductivity of Compressed Woods." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1488.

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Abstract The total amount of lumbers consumed in Japan during a year, reaches to 1.1 billion cubic meter. However, 75 percent of them are imported. The resource of same 1.1 billion cubic meters is growing up every year in the domestic forest. This is due to the price difference between the domestic and imported lumbers. It is strongly required to improve the quality of the domestic lumber. One solution of the improvement of the domestic lumber is the compression of the wood. It results in a good strength characteristics. However, the thermal characteristics of the compressed wood has not been reported yet. In this study, the effective thermal conductivity of compressed Japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica) were measured. And the characteristics of the effective thermal conductivity are discussed.
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Polyakov, S. I. "AUTOMATION OF VACUUM DRYING OF LUMBER." In Аспекты моделирования систем и процессов. Воронеж: Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/amsp2022_582-588.

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Jon M Carson. "Solar Powered Lumber Dryer Using Natural Convection." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24967.

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Thomas, R. Edward, Omar Espinoza, and Urs Buehlmann. "Improving lumber yield using a dual system." In International FAIM Conference. DEStech Publications, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14809/faim.2014.0771.

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"A Machine Vision based Lumber Tracing System." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004279300980103.

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Zhu, Xiyv, Yafei Ding, Zhiwen Qin, Yitong Jin, Ziwen Zou, and Guangli Yang. "Layered optimization of multi-spherical Lumber lens." In 2022 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sceecs54111.2022.9740789.

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Beyreuther, Todd, and Darren Griechen. "Mass Timber Design Research at the Nexus of Practice and the Academy." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.15.12.

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Mass timber is an emergent building assembly technology that advances themes of prefabrication, modularization, parametric design, and renewable materials in architectural practice and education. Mass timber is a collective term for several engineered heavy panel wood products including cross-laminated timber (CLT), nail-laminated timber (NLT), glued laminated timber (GLT) laminated veneer lumber (LVL), laminated strand lumber (LSL), and parallel strand lumber (PSL).
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Shiri, Noel Deepak, Myriam Shankar Krafft, and Wolfram Thurm. "Plastic lumber product development using commingled waste plastics." In EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5092935.

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EOM, CHANG-DEUK, YEON-JUNG HAN, KWANG-MO KIM, KI-BOK KIM, JUN JAE LEE, and HWANMYEONG YEO. "DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN LUMBER USING IR THERMOGRAPHY." In Proceedings of the International Conference on ANDE 2007. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812790194_0103.

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Ibrahim, Anis Izzati, Nurjannah Salim, Rasidi Roslan, Mohammad Ashry Jusoh, and Rokiah Hashim. "Properties of microwave modified oil palm trunk lumber." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066857.

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Reports on the topic "Lumber"

1

Galligan, William L., and Kent A. McDonald. Machine grading of lumber : practical concerns for lumber producers. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-7.

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Hoff, Kristen. Limitations of lumber-yield nomograms for predicting lumber requirements. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-270.

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Denig, Joseph, Eugene M. Wengert, and William T. Simpson. Drying hardwood lumber. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-118.

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Darby, Kaye. The emergence of the large lumber producers and their significance to the lumber industry. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.461.

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Hansen, Bruce G., and A. Jeff Palmer. JIL:Japanese Imports of Lumber-user's guide and brief analysis of Japanese hardwood lumber import trends. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-235.

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Hansen, Bruce G., and A. Jeff Palmer. JIL:Japanese Imports of Lumber-user's guide and brief analysis of Japanese hardwood lumber import trends. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-235.

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Wolfe, Ronald W., Marshall Begel, and Bruce Craig. Timber rivets in structural composite lumber. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-153.

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Luppold, William G., Jennifer M. Jacobsen, and Jennifer M. Jacobsen. The determinants of hardwood lumber price. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-558.

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Luppold, William G., Jennifer M. Jacobsen, and Jennifer M. Jacobsen. The determinants of hardwood lumber price. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-558.

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White, Robert H. Fire resistance of structural composite lumber products. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-633.

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