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Journal articles on the topic 'Lumbar vertebrae'
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DZIERZĘCKA, MAŁGORZATA, SŁAWOMIR PAŚKO, IZA WADOWSKA, TOMASZ KOWALUK, IWONA ŁUSZCZEWSKA-SIERAKOWSKA, and ANNA CHARUTA. "Relation between defects in the lumbar spine and the position and dimensions of individual vertebrae in German Shepherds." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 79, no. 09 (2023): 6792–2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6792.
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The German Shepherd is among the breeds most prone to pathologies of the lumbosacral spine. The aim of the study was to examine how the presence of spine pathology affects the shape of the lumbar spine and dimensions of individual vertebrae. Mathematical analysis consisted of three measurements for each lumbar vertebra. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that there was a correlation between the height of the first five vertebrae and the occurrence of the lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV). It was also shown that spondylosis manifested most often with a change in the distance between individual lumbar vertebrae. There was no correlation between the incidence of spondylosis and the height of the vertebral canal. In conclusion, the presence of a LTV significantly changes the dimensions of other vertebrae in the lumbar spine, which can lead to other pathological changes in the vertebral column.
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Leonova, O. N., E. S. Baikov, and A. V. Krutko. "Bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae in patients with degenerative spinal diseases." Genij Ortopedii 28, no. 5 (October 2022): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2022-28-5-692-697.
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Introduction Bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebrae is a critical issue before performing stabilizing interventions at the lumbar level. Determination of BMD in Hounsfield units (HU) according to CT data is a more accurate method versus to the "gold" standard – densitometry. Purpose To determine BMD of key anatomical areas of the lumbar vertebrae in HU and correlate with densitometry data. Methods A retrospective cohort of patients was studied prior to decompression and stabilization intervention at the lumbar level. The BMD of each lumbar vertebra in its different anatomical regions in HU was assessed according to CT of the lumbar spine and was compared with densitometry data. Results In the roots of the L2-S1 arch of the vertebrae, BMD was significantly higher than in the bodies of the same vertebrae (p < 0.01); in the L1 and S1 vertebrae, the difference in BMD between the body and the roots of the arch was not significant. An increase in the density of bone tissue in the vertebral bodies to the underlying levels was determined; BMD in the roots of the arch also increases, but only up to the L5 vertebra. BMD in the roots of the arch of the S1 vertebra is significantly lower than in the overlying L5 vertebra (p = 0.032). Discussion The obtained findings supplement the reported data in the current literature. The HU value is a more accurate and significant parameter of BMD, which should be considered in the practice by a spinal surgeon. Conclusions According to CT data of the lumbar spine, the BMD of L2-L5 in the arch roots is significantly higher than in the vertebral bodies. The BMD of the S1 vertebra in the arch roots is significantly lower than in the L5 vertebra. It may be the reason of high failure rate of caudal fixation at this level. Particular attention should be paid to the planning and surgical techniques in patients not only with osteoporosis but also with osteopenia. BMD findings obtained by densitometry in these conditions do not have a significant difference.
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Lee, Hsieh-Hsing, Shing-Sheng Wu, Shih-Youeng Chuang, Tsu-Te Yeh, and Po-Quang Chen. "BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF TRANSPEDICULARLY PLACED INTRAVERTEBRAL SUPPORT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURES." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 11, no. 01 (March 2008): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957708001936.
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This in vitro biomechanical study reports on a new implant, called an intravertebral expandable pillar (IVEP). The implant is aimed at restoring the height and strength of collapsed vertebra after fracture in an osteoporotic patient. The hypothesis is that the IVEP can effectively restore the body height of the compressed vertebra and provide proper stiffness for the collapsed vertebra. Although the reported complication rate of percutaneous vertebroplasty by injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is low, the sequelae are severe; other potential adverse effects of PMMA injection into the vertebral body include thermal necrosis of the surrounding tissue caused by a high polymerization temperature, and lack of long-term biocompatibility. We test the mechanical properties before and after fracture of 14 human cadaver lumbar vertebrae by a material testing system. The fractured vertebra was implanted with the IVEP, and its mechanical properties tested. The vertebral body height at each stage was evaluated by a digital caliper and radiographic films. After IVEP implantation, the vertebral body height restoration rate was 97.8%. The vertebral body height lost 12.7% after the same loading to create fracture. The vertebra lost half of its strength after compressed fracture, while IVEP implantation restored 86.4% of intact vertebra strength. The stiffness of intact vertebrae was significantly greater than that of untreated vertebrae after fracture and fractured vertebrae with IVEP treatment, while the stiffness of fractured vertebrae after IVEP treatment was significantly greater than that of untreated vertebrae after fracture. The bipedicularly implanted IVEP restores the initial height and strength of the vertebral body following an induced compression fracture, and could be used by a minimally invasive procedure to treat lumbar vertebra compression factures and avoid the disadvantage of using bone cement in vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty.
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Hurtado-Avilés, José, Vicente J. León-Muñoz, Pilar Andújar-Ortuño, Fernando Santonja-Renedo, Mónica Collazo-Diéguez, Mercedes Cabañero-Castillo, Ana Belén Ponce-Garrido, et al. "Validity and Absolute Reliability of Axial Vertebral Rotation Measurements in Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 11084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311084.
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Axial vertebral rotation (AVR) and Cobb angles are the essential parameters to analyse different types of scoliosis, including adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The literature shows significant discrepancies in the validity and reliability of AVR measurements taken in radiographic examinations, according to the type of vertebra. This study’s scope evaluated the validity and absolute reliability of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae AVR measurements, using a validated software based on Raimondi’s method in digital X-rays that allowed measurement with minor error when compared with other traditional, manual methods. Twelve independent evaluators measured AVR on the 74 most rotated vertebrae in 42 X-rays with the software on three separate occasions, with one-month intervals. We have obtained a gold standard for the AVR of vertebrae. The validity and reliability of the measurements of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were studied separately. Measurements that were performed on lumbar vertebrae were shown to be 3.6 times more valid than those performed on thoracic, and with almost an equal reliability (1.38° ± 1.88° compared to −0.38° ± 1.83°). We can conclude that AVR measurements of the thoracic vertebrae show a more significant Mean Bias Error and a very similar reliability than those of the lumbar vertebrae.
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Men’shchikova, I. A. "Osteometry of the human spine at the age of maturity in the Ural region." Kazan medical journal 100, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2019-622.
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Aim. To reveal the patterns of the changes of osteometric characteristics of the adults living in the Ural region.
Methods. 56 cadavers of human beings at the age of maturity were analyzed (28 women aged 21 to 55 years, and 28 men aged 22 to 60 years) being the residents of the Ural region. The scheme recommended by the Symposium on Age Periodization at the Institute of Age Physiology in 1969, was used for distribution by age groups. Osteometry and statistical method were used.
Results. In the cervical spine, the greatest sagittal size was determined in the spinal process of the VII cervical vertebra (30.9±1.79 mm), in the thoracic spine — in the VII thoracic vertebra (41.5±2.4 mm), and in lumbar spine — in the III lumbar vertebra (36.4±0.95 mm). The frontal size of vertebral bodies increased from overlying vertebrae to underlying ones, however, the decrease in the frontal size of vertebral bodies was noted from the I thoracic to the VI thoracic vertebra, and starting from the VII thoracic vertebra its further increase was observed. The sagittal size of vertebral body increased only from the II cervical vertebra to the III lumbar one. The sagittal size of the bodies of the III–V vertebrae was within the range of 32–34 mm. The sizes of vertebral arch pedicle allow conducting the transpedicular fixation at the level of all vertebrae, but it should be taken into account that in V and VI thoracic vertebrae frontal size of arch pedicle is the least as compared to other levels. The frontal sizes of spinal canal were more than sagittal ones at the levels of all vertebrae, with the exception of atlas and the V thoracic vertebra.
Conclusion. The results can serve as the basis for performing any surgical interventions on the spine and as the norm for evaluation of its pathological changes.
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Phansangiemjit, Amonsiri, Kamolphatra Kasemjiwat, Krit Patchanee, Yossapat Panninvong, Ana Sunisarud, Nan Choisunirachon, and Chutimon Thanaboonnipat. "The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types." Animals 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2024): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030470.
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The objective of this study was to elucidate the differences in vertebral length, vertebral height, and vertebral length/height ratio of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), the second lumbar vertebra (L2), the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) based on radiographs in dogs with various body sizes, skull types, and thoracic conformations and to determine the relationships of these parameters with age and sex. A total of 258 dogs were included in this study and classified by three criteria—BW (Criterion 1), skull type (Criterion 2), and thoracic conformation (Criterion 3). Age had weak negative correlations with vertebral length and height. Sex did not affect the vertebral size parameters. BW had strong positive correlations with vertebral length and height, but there was no influence of BW on vertebral length/height ratio. Regarding the different body sizes and conformations, large breeds had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than small and medium breeds (p < 0.001). In Criterion 2, the vertebrae of the mesocephalic dogs had significantly greater length and height than those of the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs (p < 0.05). In Criterion 3, both deep-chest and round-chest dogs had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than the barrel-chest dogs (p < 0.0001). Only vertebral length/height ratios of T4 were not influenced by age, sex, BW, skull type, and thoracic conformation. Age, differences in body size, skull type, and thoracic conformation could affect the vertebral size in dogs. Therefore, using breed-specific vertebral lengths and/or heights is a better approach for comparative radiographic analysis with vertebral measurements.
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Kottlors, Michael, and Franz Xaver Glocker. "Dermatomyotomal supply in patients with variations in the number of lumbar vertebrae." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 12, no. 3 (March 2010): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.9.spine09114.
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Object Variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae occurs in a small portion of the population. Either the fifth lumbar vertebra shows assimilation to the sacrum or the first sacral vertebra shows a lumbar configuration, resulting in 4 or 6 lumbar vertebrae, respectively. Etiologically, lumbar nerve root syndrome is diagnosed by comparing the anatomical level of the disc herniation to the compressed nerve root and to the pattern of the peripheral sensory and motor deficit. In case of a variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae, defining the lumbar nerve roots becomes difficult. Variations in the number of lumbar vertebrae make the landmarks (the twelfth rib and the first sacral vertebra) unreliable clues to define the nerve roots. The allocation of the clinically damaged segment to the spinal disorder seen in imaging studies is essential for differential diagnosis and spine surgery. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging data among inpatients over a period of 21 months. Eight patients who had isolated monosegmental discogenic nerve root compression and a variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae were selected. Results Seven patients presented with 6 lumbar vertebrae, and 1 patient presented with 4 lumbar vertebrae and disc herniation on 1 of the 2 caudal levels. Compression of the second-to-last nerve root in patients with 6 lumbar vertebrae resulted either in clinical L-5 or S-1 syndrome, or a combination of both. Compression of the last caudal nerve root resulted in a clinical S-1 nerve root syndrome. Conclusions The findings suggest that the dermatomyotomal supply of the lumbosacral nerve roots can vary in patients with a variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae, and a meticulous clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological examination is essential.
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Popsuyshapka, K. O., O. V. Kovernyk, O. O. Pidgayska, M. Yu Karpinsky, and O. V. Yaresko. "Study of the stress-strain state of the posterior lumbar fusion models in case of normal indicators of the sagittal balance of the spine and pelvis." TRAUMA 24, no. 2 (September 4, 2023): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/1608-1706.2.24.2023.939.
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Background. Patients suffering from hip-spine syndrome with significant changes in the hip joint complain of pain in the lumbar spine in 21.2–49.4 % of cases. After performing lumbar fusion, the mobility of the pelvis decreases, which leads to an increased risk of dislocations and the development of impingement after hip arthroplasty that is the cause for repeated surgical interventions. Goal: to study the stress distribution in the models of posterior lumbar fusion in case of normal values of the sagittal contour of the spine and lumbar lordosis. Materials and methods. A finite-element model has been developed reflecting the condition that occurs in the combined course of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine and hip joint and is characterized by normal lordosis of 40º and forward body tilt due to flexion contracture in the hip joints. The following options were modeled: 1 — posterior fusion of the L4-L5 vertebrae using a transpedicular structure with 4 screws and an interbody support; 2 — posterior fusion of the L3-L4-L5 vertebrae using a transpedicular construction with 6 screws; 3 — posterior fusion of L1-L5 vertebrae using a transpedicular structure with 10 screws. When conducting the research, the values of stresses in the Th1-L5 vertebrae, on the screws and rods of the transpedicular structure were studied. Results. Posterior fusion with a transpedicular construction on two L4-L5 vertebrae leads to the occurrence of maximum stresses in vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine, especially L4-L5. The lowest stresses in the lumbar vertebral bodies can be obtained when the transpedicular structure is applied to all 5 vertebrae. The use of all options for posterior fusion, except for the 4-screw scheme, allows to reduce the stress in the vertebral arches of the lumbar spine below the level of the normal spine model, except for the L1 vertebra. This leads to an increase in the level of stress from the Th6 to Th12 vertebrae. The construction placed on all 5 vertebrae ensures the lowest level of stress in the arches of thoracic vertebrae. The construction placed on all the vertebrae of the lumbar spine provides a minimum level of stress in the bone tissue around the fixing screws. Reducing the length of fixation leads to a significant increase in stress in these zones. With all types of installation of the transpedicular construction, the values of the stresses on the screws in the L3-L5 vertebrae are comparable. When using the design for 5 vertebrae of the lumbar spine, the locking screws in the L1 and L2 vertebrae will experience significant loads, which, accordingly, will cause significant stress in them. The maximum level of stress in the rods occurs when two L4-L5 vertebrae are instrumented, the minimum is when the structure is placed on all five vertebrae of the lumbar spine. Conclusions. Given the stress distribution, the length of fixation plays an important role: the longer the length of fixation, the lower the stress level, both in the bone elements of the model and in the elements of metal structures.
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Kumari, V. Anantha, and Syeda Nasreen. "BLOCK VERTEBRAE OF 5TH LUMBAR AND 1ST SACRAL VERTEBRA." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 4.3 (December 5, 2018): 6009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.395.
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Ahmed, Rania Jamal, Numan Salman Dawood, and Maan Hamad Al-Khalisy. "The Relationship between Anemia and Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.800.
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Background: The bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra has been assessed according to the results of the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Although anemia is known to affect bone mineral density, at the present time, it is not clear which vertebra is more affected by this disease. Objective: To evaluate the effects of anemia on the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra in comparison with a normal subject and determine which part of the lumbar vertebra is more affected by anemia. Methods: All 205 participants in this study complained of bone pain (90 males and 105 females). 95 patients, including both sexes, suffered from anemia. Additionally, the study included 110 seemingly healthy volunteers as the control group. All participants were studied regarding their bone mineral density for lumbar vertebrae using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: The DEXA outcomes revealed highly statistically significant differences between the control and patients of each lumbar vertebra in the same sex. In addition, there were significant differences in bone mineral density among the lumbar vertebrae of the same sex. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that examining the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae is a more effective and appropriate method for studying the bone mineral density (BMD) of the bony skeleton in any subject, with L1 and L4 vertebrae being more susceptible to osteoporosis than other vertebrae.
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Patel, Juhi V., Chetan M. Mehta, Nandakishore G. Patil, and Shreya R. Sehgal. "Transverse sacralization of lumbar vertebrae: prevalence according to Castellvi classification." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20164835.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sacralization of L5 is a congenital anomaly, in which the lumbar vertebra, mainly its transverse process, gets fused or semi-fused with the sacrum or the ilium or to both. This fusion can occur in one or both sides of the body. Sacralization leads to fusion of the L5 (fifth lumbar vertebra) and S1 (first sacral vertebra) and the inter-vertebral disc between them may be narrow. Sacralization of lumbar vertebra may be asymptomatic but is not always clinically insignificant. While sacralization may not affect at all, it can cause problems in some cases. Sacralization may be at times associated with problems in biomechanics and affect the ways of movement and posture control. Sacralization may also be an important consideration in disc surgeries. This study has been carried out to find out prevalence of sacralisation of transverse process of fifth lumbar vertebrae<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study of transverse sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebra was carried out on 35 randomly selected patients. The sample consisted of patients undergoing CT scan for abdominal complains. Bone window of all patients were evaluated to look for lumbosacral transitional vertebra.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of transverse sacralization of lumbar vertebra turned out to be 25.7% out of which Castellvi type IIb was found to be most common, accounting for 33.3% cases. 5.7% comprised the group of normal variant (Castellvi’s type I) and 68.6% were normal<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span>It is important to determine lumbosacral transitional vertebra as it can affect spinal movement and put excess stress on the lumbar vertebrae and in between disc. Moreover it</span> can have a bearing on counting of vertebral levels specially during planning of spinal surgey<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p> </p>
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Abola, Matthew V., Jason R. Teplensky, Daniel R. Cooperman, Jennifer M. Bauer, and Raymond W. Liu. "Pelvic Incidence in Spines With 4 and 6 Lumbar Vertebrae." Global Spine Journal 9, no. 7 (March 3, 2019): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219833029.
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Study Design: Anatomical study. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of abnormal lumbar vertebrae (4 and 6) and note any differences in pelvic incidence (PI) between spines with 4, 5, and 6 lumbar vertebrae. Methods: We screened 2980 dry cadaveric specimens from an osteological collection. Pelvises were reconstructed by articulating the sacra and innominate bones. PI was measured in all specimens via lateral photographs. L6-pelvic incidence (L6PI) was also measured, by articulating L6 to the sacrum and measuring PI from the superior aspect of the L6 vertebral body. Results: Of the specimens screened, 969 specimens were evaluated. Average age of death for all specimens was 50.4 ± 15.4 years. The prevalence of 6 lumbar vertebrae was 0.8% (n = 23), and the prevalence of 4 lumbar vertebrae was 1.8% (n = 54). PI measured 38.5° in specimens with 4 lumbar vertebrae, and 46.7° and 47.1° in specimens with 5 and 6 lumbar vertebrae, respectively. PI was significantly different between specimens with 4 and 5 lumbar vertebrae ( P < .001) but not between specimens with 5 and 6 lumbar vertebrae ( P = .38). For specimens with 6 lumbar vertebrae, when L6 was added to the sacrum, mean L6PI was 27.4°. Conclusions: In our large cadaveric study of full spines, we reported a lower prevalence of spines with 4 and 6 lumbar vertebrae compared to previous studies. PI was significantly decreased in subjects with 4 lumbar vertebrae compared with those with normal spines, and special caution should be taken when managing sagittal balance in these patients.
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Liebrand, Bart, Koen Brakel, Arthur Boon, Walter van der Weegen, Selina van der Wal, and Kris CP Vissers. "Diagnostic treatment-level discrepancies in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain and lumbar spine anomalies." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2021-103174.
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BackgroundLumbosacral transitional vertebra can result in an anomalous number of lumbar vertebrae associated with wrong level treatment. The primary aim of this study was to characterize discrepancies between reported referring levels and levels from MRI reports with treated levels. The secondary aim was to analyze interobserver variability between a pain physician and a radiologist when determining levels and classifying lumbosacral transitional vertebrae.MethodsBetween February 2016 and October 2019, a retrospective case series of prospectively collected data of the affected levels mentioned in referrals, MRI reports and treated levels was performed. The counting process, level determination, classification of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and a secondary control were carried out by independent researchers using a standard methodology.ResultsOf the 2443 referrals, 143 patients had an anomalous number of lumbar vertebrae; of these, 114 were included for analysis. The vertebral level noted in the patient’s file, in the referral, and the reported level of treatment differed in 40% of these cases. The vertebral level between the MRI reports and treatment differed in 46% of cases. The interobserver reliability (radiologist vs pain physician) for classifying a transitional vertebra was fair ((κ=0.40) and was substantial (κ=0.70) when counting the vertebrae.ConclusionIn the presence of lumbar spine anomalies, we report a high prevalence of discrepancies between referral levels and MRI pathological findings with treatment levels. Further research is needed to better understand clinical implications.
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Zhang, Dejian, Yao Wu, Shengfei Luo, Fangyong Wang, and Lizhuo Li. "Characteristics of Lumbar Bone Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Subjects: A Correlation Study between T-Scores Determined by the DEXA Scan and Hounsfield Units from CT." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (December 16, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5443457.
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Purpose. To describe the characteristics of lumbar bone density in middle-aged and elderly subjects and explore whether there is a correlation between computed tomography (CT) values and the bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores of the lumbar vertebral cancellous bone. Methods. Forty-two subjects, including 25 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 56 years, who underwent BMD measurement and lumbar multislice spiral CT scan at the China Rehabilitation Research Center from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was applied to obtain the total BMD T-scores of the lumbar L1–L4 vertebrae. Results. The CT values decreased from L1 to L4 and were 145.91 ± 8.686 HU, 143.18 ± 8.598 HU, 137.39 ± 8.276 HU, and 135.23 ± 8.219 HU, respectively. The total CT value of L1–L4 was 140.43 ± 4.199 HU. The mean total BMD T-score of L1–L4 was −0.94. The CT values of the L1–L4 vertebrae were positively correlated with the total BMD T-scores of L1–L4 (r = 0.349, P < 0.001 ). The CT value of the left third of the same vertebrae was the highest, and there was a strong positive correlation between the regional CT value of the lumbar spine and the entire vertebra CT values (r > 0.7). Conclusion. The CT values of the lumbar spine can assist the measurement of the T-scores of lumbar BMD, which could aid in early opportunistic screening for osteopenia and preventing osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures in middle-aged and elderly subjects. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2100049571.
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Kim, Keunyoung, Kyoungjune Pak, In-Joo Kim, Seong-Jang Kim, Dong Hyun Sohn, Aran Kim, and Seung-Geun Lee. "Association of Regional Bone Synthetic Activities of Vertebral Corners and Vertebral Bodies Quantified Using 18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography with Bone Mineral Density on Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082656.
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We investigated whether the bone-synthetic activities of vertebral bodies or vertebral corners quantified using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the corresponding lumbar vertebrae in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at each vertebra level. We analyzed 48 lumbar vertebrae in 12 AS patients who underwent 18F-fluoride PET and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) of the vertebral body and corners from L1 to L4 were measured using the spatially separated region of interest (ROI). The L1–L4 BMDs were calculated based on the DXA (“conventional BMD”). The BMD of the internal vertebral bodies was measured by manually drawing ROIs to represent the trabecular BMD (“alternative BMD”). After adjusting the within-patient correlation, the 18F-fluoride SUVmean of the vertebral corners but not that of vertebral bodies was significantly related with the conventional BMD of the vertebra. Otherwise, the 18F-fluoride uptake of both the vertebral and vertebral bodies was significantly related with the alternative BMD. The bone-synthetic activities of the vertebral corners may be more closely related with BMD than those of the vertebral bodies, suggesting that the effects of regional bone metabolism at the vertebral corners and bodies on BMD differ in AS.
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Ortiz, A. Orlando. "Use and evaluation of a semi-permeable mesh implant in vertebral augmentation for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, no. 3 (January 13, 2015): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011512.
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ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a semi-permeable mesh implant in the treatment of painful thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.MethodsPatients with painful thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures which were refractory to conventional medical management and less than 3 months of age were considered possible candidates for this vertebral augmentation technique. Data recorded for the procedure included patient age, gender, fracture level and morphology, mesh implant size, amount of cement injected, cement extravasation, complications, and pre- and post-procedure numeric pain scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores.Results17 patients were included in this retrospective study; 12 women and 5 men, with an average age of 78.6 years. Each patient had one level treated with the mesh implant; 4 thoracic levels and 13 lumbar levels. The 10×15 mm implant was used in 13 treated vertebrae, including the two thoracic vertebrae; the 10×20 mm implant was used to treat 3 lumbar vertebrae, and one 10×25 mm implant was used to treat an L1 vertebra. An average of 2.4 mL of acrylic bone cement was injected, and there was fluoroscopic evidence of a small amount of cement leakage in one case. No patient related complications were seen and there were no device failures. All patients, followed-up to at least 3 weeks, showed significant pain relief. The average pretreatment numeric pain score of 9 and ODI of 50 decreased to an average post-treatment score of 0.6 and 12, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsVertebral augmentation with a semi-permeable mesh stent implant can be used to effectively and safely treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures within the lower thoracic and lumbar spine.
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Shen, Lanjuan, Cheng Ji, Jian Lin, and Hongping Yang. "Construction of Vertebral Body Tracking Algorithm Based on Dynamic Imaging Parameter Measurement and Its Application in the Treatment of Lumbar Instability." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3534.
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Static imaging measurements could not truly reflect the dynamic panorama of the lumbar movement process, and the abnormal activities between the lumbar vertebrae and their dynamic balance could not be observed, resulting in difficulties in the mechanism analysis of lumbar instability and the efficacy evaluation of manipulation therapy. Therefore, this paper constructed a vertebral tracking algorithm based on dynamic imaging parameter measurement through imaging parameter measurement and calculation. According to the imaging data obtained by vertebral body tracking algorithm, the corresponding statistical methods were used to compare the functional scores before and after manipulation and the changes of imaging data, so as to evaluate the therapeutic effect of manipulation on lumbar instability. Through the clinical observation and imaging analysis of 15 patients with lumbar instability before and after manipulation treatment, it is verified that the vertebra tracking algorithm is effective in the vertebra tracking and plays a positive role in the treatment of lumbar instability.
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Gul, Sabahat, Summaira Hassan, Saeed Kanwal, and Owais Hameed. "Frequency of Sacralisation of Fifth Lumber Vertebra in South Punjab Pakistani Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 1962–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211581962.
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Background: Lumbosacral joint carries whole body weight and transmits it to tibia. As the 5th Lumbar Vertebra transits into first Sacral Vertebra, fifth Lumbar Vertebra may be fused on one or both sides to the first Sacral Vertebra, Condition known as ‘Sacralisation’. Aim: To find the frequency of sacralisation of 5th Lumbar Vertebra in South Punjab Pakistani Population. Methods: It was a descriptive observational study conducted in Anatomy Department Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. This was descriptive observational study conducted on cadaveric sacra collected in last 7 years. 86 dry Human adult sacra of known sex were observed and results were noted for Sacralisation of Lumbar Vertebra. Results: Out of 86 cadaveric Sacra, Sacralisation was found in 12(14%). Out of these 12, 8 Sacra showed complete Sacralisation while 4 Sacra showed incomplete Sacralisation. Conclusion: Sacralisation of 5th Lumbar Vertebra is common (14%) in cadaveric sacra of South Punjab, Pakistani Population. Key words: Lumbar Vertebra, Sacralisation, Cadaveric, L5 (5th lumbar vertebrae), S1 (1st Sacral Vertebrae).
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Vissarionov, S. V., and S. M. Bel'anchikov. "THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH COMPLICATED FRACTURES OF THORACIC AND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE." Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 16, no. 2 (August 17, 2010): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2010-0-2-48-50.
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The analysis of surgical treatment of 31 patients aged 3 to 17 years with complicated fractures of the vertebrae in the thoracic and lumbar localization was carried out. If damage type A3 with neurological manifestations of type Д В, С at one time served a two-stage decompression-stabilization operation. Surgical treatment of fractures of type В and С consisted in remove all types of dislocation of vertebrae, stabilize the physiologically correct position of the injured segment after the decompression and revision spinal canal. Early surgery in acute phase can eliminate the vertebro-medullar conflict, to stabilize the vertebral-motor segment, restore support ability of injured vertebra (or vertebrae), to recreate the normal anatomy of the spinal canal.
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Mansur, Dil Islam, Subindra Karki, Dilip Kumar Mehta, Pragya Shrestha, Sunima Maskey, and Sheprala Shrestha. "Radiometric Analysis of Body and Canal of Lumbar Vertebrae among Population of Central Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v16i2.28250.
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Background: Lumbar region is the most vulnerable area for the common symptom of backache. The lumbar part of spinal canal encloses the cauda equina. Narrowing of the canal can be either developmental or acquired. This leads to compression of the cauda equina and subsequently pain develops which may be further associated with neurological features. The aim of the present study was to measure the dimensions of lumbar vertebrae.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive and cross-sectional type. It consisted of 266 images of computed tomography scan of individuals. The various dimensions of lumbar vertebral canal and body were measured in millimeter. The descriptive statistical analysis was done.
Results: The mean of the transverse diameter of lumbar vertebral canal increased from L1 to L5 but the antero-posterior diameter decreased from L1 to L4 followed by increased at L5. It was also observed that both transverse and antero-posterior diameter of body progressively increased from L1 to L5 vertebrae. The canal-body ratio was inconsistent for any vertebral level. There were significant differences in various dimensions of lumbar vertebrae between males and females.
Conclusions: All the measured diameters of canal and body revealed increasing cranio-caudally sequence in the lumbar part of spine. The antero-posterior diameter of canal could attract the attention of clinician as an important structural change with significant radiological and clinical implications.
Keywords: back pain; lumbar vertebrae; stenosis
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Iorga, Veronica Maita, Mihaela Bizadea, and Ionut Iorga. "Variations in the Dimensions of the Lumbar Vertebral Bodies in Women with Osteoporosis." ARS Medica Tomitana 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2023-0006.
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Abstract We determined the height of the lumbar vertebral bodies on a number of 116 female patients with osteoporosis, who presented for lumbar pain in the endocrinology and medical rehabilitation outpatient clinic, over a period of 3 years. We observed a gradual increase in the average height only at the level of the fi rst three lumbar vertebrae, after which the average height decreased gradually at the level of the last two lumbar vertebrae.
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Klinwichit, Podchara, Watcharaphong Yookwan, Sornsupha Limchareon, Krisana Chinnasarn, Jun-Su Jang, and Athita Onuean. "BUU-LSPINE: A Thai Open Lumbar Spine Dataset for Spondylolisthesis Detection." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 8646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158646.
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(1) Background: Spondylolisthesis, a common disease among older individuals, involves the displacement of vertebrae. The condition may gradually manifest with age, allowing for potential prevention by the research of predictive algorithms. However, one key issue that hinders research in spondylolisthesis prediction algorithms is the need for publicly available spondylolisthesis datasets. (2) Purpose: This paper introduces BUU-LSPINE, a new dataset for the lumbar spine. It includes 3600 patients’ plain film images annotated with vertebral position, spondylolisthesis diagnosis, and lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) ground truth. (4) Methods: We established an annotation pipeline to create the BUU-SPINE dataset and evaluated it in three experiments as follows: (1) lumbar vertebrae detection, (2) vertebral corner points extraction, and (3) spondylolisthesis prediction. (5) Results: Lumbar vertebrae detection achieved the highest precision rates of 81.93% on the AP view and 83.45% on the LA view using YOLOv5; vertebral corner point extraction achieved the lowest average error distance of 4.63 mm on the AP view using ResNet152V2 and 4.91 mm on the LA view using DenseNet201. Spondylolisthesis prediction reached the highest accuracy of 95.14% on the AP view and 92.26% on the LA view of a testing set using Support Vector Machine (SVM). (6) Discussions: The results of the three experiments highlight the potential of BUU-LSPINE in developing and evaluating algorithms for lumbar vertebrae detection and spondylolisthesis prediction. These steps are crucial in advancing the creation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS). Additionally, the findings demonstrate the impact of Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) conditions on lumbar detection algorithms.
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Su, Chia-Wei, Cheng-Li Lin, and Jing-Jing Fang. "Reconstruction of three-dimensional lumbar vertebrae from biplanar x-rays." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac338c.
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Abstract Objective. Vertebrae models from computer tomographic (CT) imaging are extensively used in image-guided surgical systems to deliver percutaneous orthopaedic operations with minimum risks, but patients may be exposed to excess radiation from the pre-operative CT scans. Generating vertebrae models from intra-operative x-rays for image-guided systems can reduce radiation exposure to the patient, and the surgeons can acquire the vertebrae’s relative positions during the operation; therefore, we proposed a lumbar vertebrae reconstruction method from biplanar x-rays. Approach. Non-stereo-corresponding vertebral landmarks on x-rays were identified as targets for deforming a set of template vertebrae; the deformation was formulated as a minimisation problem, and was solved using the augmented Lagrangian method. Mean surface errors between the models reconstructed using the proposed method and CT scans were measured to evaluate the reconstruction accuracy. Main results. The evaluation yielded mean errors of 1.27 mm and 1.50 mm in in vitro experiments on normal vertebrae and pathological vertebrae, respectively; the outcomes were comparable to other template-based methods. Significance. The proposed method is a viable alternative to provide digital lumbar to be used in image-guided systems, where the models can be used as a visual reference in surgical planning and image-guided applications in operations where the reconstruction error is within the allowable surgical error.
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Thanaboonnipat, Chutimon, Kamonchanok Kumjumroon, Kamonwan Boonkwang, Natthacha Tangsutthichai, Wassapon Sukserm, and Nan Choisunirachon. "Radiographic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities and constipation in cats." Veterinary World 14, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.492-498.
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Background and Aim: Lumbosacral intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) in cats usually develops concurrent with constipation, spondylosis deformans, and sacralization. However, the prevalence of lumbar IVDD in cats was considered low, and there was less information on the incidence of non-traumatic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities that may affect large bowel dysfunction. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between non-traumatic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities, both congenital and acquired, and large bowel dysfunction in cats. Materials and Methods: Of 3108 cats that were presented to the Diagnostic Imaging Unit, the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, between March 2016 and February 2018, 1365 cats met the inclusion criteria. All abdominal radiographs were reviewed, and all subsequent data were recorded, including the presence of congenital or acquired lumbosacral lesions, number of lumbar vertebrae, and length of the second, fifth, and last lumbar vertebrae, including the type of lumbar abnormalities. Moreover, radiographic information relating to constipation and megacolon was also collected. Results: Non-traumatic lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities were observed in 29.74% of cats. The most common congenital lumbosacral vertebral abnormalities were six lumbar vertebrae, sacralization, and lumbarization, whereas most common acquired lumbosacral abnormalities were bone spur, narrowing disk space, spondylosis deformans, and lumbosacral degeneration, respectively. Cats with abnormal lumbosacral vertebrae are prone to have more problems with the large bowel (p=0.0057; odds ratio=1.731). Moreover, congenital and acquired lumbosacral abnormalities were also at risk of large bowel abnormalities (p=0.0069; odds ratio=1.920 and p<0.0001; odds ratio=4.107, respectively). Conclusion: This study revealed the evidence and distribution of the variation in feline lumbar anatomy and also elucidated that cats with abnormal lumbar vertebral columns were more likely to have problems with distal gastrointestinal tracts than those without.
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Hubner, André Rafael, Carlos Tobias Scortegagna, Charles Leonardo Israel, Everton Luis do Amarante Ivo, Fabiano Favretto, Marcelo Ribeiro, and Leandro de Freitas Spinelli. "NEW PROPOSAL FOR THE TREATMENT OF CORONAL SPLIT FRACTURES IN LUMBAR VERTEBRAE: THE FATIGUE CURVE." Coluna/Columna 20, no. 2 (June 2021): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120212002235745.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a new treatment for split fractures through fatigue tests on a swine model. Methods: Thirty lumbar spine samples (L2-L3-L4) from swine models were divided into three test groups. The first was the control group (intact vertebrae). In the second group, a bone defect was created, similar to a coronal split fracture of the vertebral body. For this, a bone defect (osteotomy) was performed in the coronal axis of the middle third of the middle lumbar vertebral body (L3), keeping the disc-ligament structures intact. In the third group, the same procedure was performed to cause bone failure, but was associated with the use of synthesis material, with pedicular fixation using 3.5 mm cannulated screws with partial thread, in order to apply compression at the fracture site, giving resistance and support to the vertebra. The groups were submitted to biomechanical fatigue tests. The number of cycles required to failure in the specimen was analyzed. Results: The use of the synthesis material increased the resistance of the fractured vertebrae to levels equal to those of the intact vertebra for low cycles with loads of 40% of the failure load, possibly losing up to 20% of their resistance for higher cycles. Conclusions: In the vertebrae in which synthetic material was used, greater resistance to a greater number of cycles for a longer period of time was observed when compared with the fractured vertebrae, suggesting that this is an interesting method for the fixation of split-type spinal fractures. Level of evidence III; Experimental Study.
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Ashish, Sharad, P. Kalluraya, Mangala Pai, B. V. Murlimanju, Y. Rao, Latha Prabhu, and Amit Agrawal. "Morphometric study of the lumbar vertebrae in dried anatomical collections." F1000Research 11 (February 1, 2023): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126879.2.
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Background: The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers. Methods: This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured. Results: The vertebral body’s anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border (p < 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens (p < 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
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Ashish, Sharad, P. Kalluraya, Mangala Pai, B. V. Murlimanju, Y. Rao, Latha Prabhu, and Amit Agrawal. "Morphometric study of the lumbar vertebrae in dried anatomical collections." F1000Research 11 (November 30, 2022): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126879.1.
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Background: The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers. Methods: This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured. Results: The vertebral body’s anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border (p < 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens (p < 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
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Ashish, Sharad, P. Kalluraya, Mangala Pai, B. V. Murlimanju, Y. Rao, Latha Prabhu, and Amit Agrawal. "Morphometric study of the lumbar vertebrae in dried anatomical collections." F1000Research 11 (August 7, 2023): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126879.3.
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Background: The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers. Methods: This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured. Results: The vertebral body’s anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border (p < 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens (p < 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
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Ashish, Sharad, P. Kalluraya, Mangala Pai, B. V. Murlimanju, Y. Rao, Latha Prabhu, and Amit Agrawal. "Morphometric study of the lumbar vertebrae in dried anatomical collections." F1000Research 11 (December 28, 2023): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126879.4.
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Background The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers. Methods This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured. Results The vertebral body’s anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border (p < 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens (p < 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
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Sapin, Emilie, Frédéric Chan, Ghazi Ayoub, Christian Roux, Wafa Skalli, and David Mitton. "ANTERIOR BENDING ON WHOLE VERTEBRAE USING CONTROLLED BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR MODEL VALIDATION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 12, no. 02 (June 2009): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957709002250.
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Most of the biomechanical experiments, which validate vertebral finite-element models, deal with vertebral bodies in axial compression. In standing position, gravity loads can induce bending on the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae. Hence, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the strength of vertebrae submitted to anterior bending. The boundary conditions were carefully assessed for further validation of finite-element models. Fifteen vertebrae (T11–L2) were tested until failure. The load was applied on the anterior part of the vertebral body and distributed to the whole vertebral body through a polymethylmetacrylate layer. The 3D position of the origin of the force relative to the vertebra was assessed using a motion-capture system and 3D reconstructions of the testing device. The mean failure load was equal to 2098 N. Ninety-five percent of the vertebrae failed through a vertical displacement smaller than 1.5 mm. Rotations were weak during the test (< 1°), therefore the protocol can be simplified by removing the motion capture system if the initial 3D origin of the load is known. To our knowledge, it is the first protocol that quantifies the strength of whole vertebrae under anterior bending. It collects with accuracy all the data necessary for one-to-one vertebral finite-element model validations.
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Proks, Pavel, Trude Maria Johansen, Ivana Nývltová, Dominik Komenda, Hana Černochová, and Massimo Vignoli. "Vertebral Formulae and Congenital Vertebral Anomalies in Guinea Pigs: A Retrospective Radiographic Study." Animals 11, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030589.
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The objectives of this retrospective study of 240 guinea pigs (148 females and 92 males) were to determine the prevalence of different vertebral formulae and the type and anatomical localization of congenital vertebral anomalies (CVA). Radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (Th), lumbar (L), sacral (S), and caudal (Cd) part of the vertebral column were reviewed. Morphology and number of vertebrae in each segment of the vertebral column and type and localization of CVA were recorded. In 210/240 guinea pigs (87.50%) with normal vertebral morphology, nine vertebral formulae were found with constant number of C but variable number of Th, L, and S vertebrae: C7/Th13/L6/S4/Cd5-7 (75%), C7/Th13/L6/S3/Cd6-7 (4.17%), C7/Th13/L5/S4/Cd6-7 (2.50%), C7/Th13/L6/S5/Cd5-6 (1.67%), C7/Th12/L6/S4/Cd6 (1.25%), C7/Th13/L7/S4/Cd6 (1.25%), C7/Th13/L7/S3/Cd6-7 (0.83%), C7/Th12/L7/S4/Cd5 (0.42%), C7/Th13/L5/S5/Cd7 (0.42%). CVA were found in 30/240 (12.5%) of guinea pigs, mostly as a transitional vertebra (28/30), which represents 100% of single CVA localised in cervicothoracic (n = 1), thoracolumbar (n = 22) and lumbosacral segments (n = 5). Five morphological variants of thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (TTV) were identified. Two (2/30) guinea pigs had a combination of CVA: cervical block vertebra and TTV (n = 1) and TTV and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LTV) (n = 1). These findings suggest that guinea pigs’ vertebral column displays more morphological variants with occasional CVA predominantly transitional vertebrae.
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Mallo, Moisés. "Of Necks, Trunks and Tails: Axial Skeletal Diversity among Vertebrates." Diversity 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070289.
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The axial skeleton of all vertebrates is composed of individual units known as vertebrae. Each vertebra has individual anatomical attributes, yet they can be classified in five different groups, namely cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal, according to shared characteristics and their association with specific body areas. Variations in vertebral number, size, morphological features and their distribution amongst the different regions of the vertebral column are a major source of the anatomical diversity observed among vertebrates. In this review I will discuss the impact of those variations on the anatomy of different vertebrate species and provide insights into the genetic origin of some remarkable morphological traits that often serve to classify phylogenetic branches or individual species, like the long trunks of snakes or the long necks of giraffes.
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Mohamed, Reda. "Vertebral Anatomic Variations in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Trinidad." Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2021.14.2.1.
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Reports of the occurrence of lumbar vertebrae variants in horses in Trinidad are rare in the literatures. Parts of the skeletons of two horses of unknown age and sex that died in a horse farm in Trinidad and Tobago were brought to the Anatomy laboratory. It was reported that specimens of fused left transverse processes of the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebrae and a blunted left transverse process of the 6th lumbar vertebra in thoroughbred racehorses in Trinidad.
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Lee, Ching-yi, She-Hung Chan, Hung-Yi Lai, and Shih-Tseng Lee. "A method to develop an in vitro osteoporosis model of porcine vertebrae: histological and biomechanical study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 6 (June 2011): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.12.spine10453.
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Object The porcine spine is widely used as an alternative to the human spine for both in vivo and in vitro spinal biomechanical studies because of the limited availability and high cost of human specimens. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible in vitro osteoporotic vertebral model for spinal implant investigations. Methods Four mature domestic porcine lumbar spines (L1–5) were obtained. An in vitro decalcification method was used to decrease the mineral content of the porcine vertebrae, with Ca-chelating agents (0.5 M EDTA solution, pH 7.4) that altered the bone mineral density (BMD). Lumbar-spine area BMD was evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; spine volumetric BMD and spine geometry were assessed by central quantitative CT scanning to monitor the time it took the decalcification process to induce the WHO-defined standard of osteoporosis. Micro–computed topography provided information on the 3D microarchitecture of the lumbar vertebrae before and after decalcification with EDTA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of lumbar vertebrae was performed. Both the control (5 specimens) and osteoporotic vertebrae (5 specimens) were biomechanically tested to measure compressive strength. Results The differences in area BMD measurements before and after the demineralizing processes were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results of the compression test before and after the demineralizing processes were also statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions The data imply that the acid demineralizing process may be useful for producing a vertebra that has some biomechanical properties that are consistent with osteoporosis in humans.
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Rakesh Ranjan, Md. Zahid Hussain, Soni Kumari, Vijay Kumar Singh, and Rashmi Prasad. "The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i8.43777.
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Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process, which is not found in any other vertebra. Except for the seventh cervical vertebra, which transmits only the vertebral vein, this foramen transmits the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves (a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion) in all cervical vertebrae. Any deviation in the development of the foramen transversarium (FT) causes changes in the course, relationships, and structure (stenosis and lumen narrowing) of the vertebral artery and its associated structures. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish the location, shape, size, and incidence of accessory FT in dry humancervical vertebrae of Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 dry cervical vertebrae (Typical-123 and Atypical-47) of unknown sex and age after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and P value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The foramen tranversarium in the transverse process is present in all 170 cervical vertebrae examined. Of the 170 cervicalvertebrae, the accessory FT is found in 24 (14.12%) of the vertebrae. In both typical and atypical cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT is more common on the right side. On the axis vertebra, no accessory FT was found. Conclusion: Understanding the accessary FT and the considerable variation in different cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) in terms of their size, shape, and number of FT are essential for routine spine surgical procedures in the cervical region to avoid post-operative complications. This study is also important for the teaching and acknowledgement of undergraduate and postgraduate students in anatomy as well as in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiology departments.
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Hanson, Eric H., Rahul K. Mishra, David S. Chang, Thomas G. Perkins, Daniel R. Bonifield, Richard D. Tandy, Peter E. Cartwright, Randal R. Peoples, and William W. Orrison. "Sagittal whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging in 750 consecutive outpatients: accurate determination of the number of lumbar vertebral bodies." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.spine09326.
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Object When the number of lumbar and sacral vertebrae is being assessed, variations from typical lumbosacral anatomy may confuse the practitioner, potentially leading to significant clinical errors. In this study, the authors describe the statistical variation in lumbar spine anatomy in an outpatient imaging setting, evaluate the potential implications for clinical practice based on the variation in the number of lumbar-type vertebrae identified, and recommend a method for rapidly determining the number of lumbar spine vertebral bodies (VBs) in outpatients referred for lumbar spine MR imaging. Methods A total of 762 patients (male and female) who presented with low back–related medical conditions underwent whole-spine MR imaging in an outpatient setting. Results The high-speed whole-spine evaluation was successful for determining the number of lumbar-type VBs in 750 (98%) of 762 consecutive patients. The sagittal whole-spine 3-T MR imaging system images obtained between the beginning of January 2005 and the end of February 2007 were reviewed. The VBs were counted successively from the level of C-2 inferiorly to the intervertebral disc below the most inferior lumbar-type VB. Numbers of disc herniations were also evaluated in the context of the number of VBs. Conclusions One in 5 of these outpatients did not have 5 lumbar-type vertebrae: 14.5% had 6; 5.3% had 4; and 1 (0.13%) had the rare finding of 3 lumbar-type vertebrae. Two-thirds of the individuals with 6 lumbar-type vertebrae were male and two-thirds of the individuals with 4 lumbar-type vertebrae were female. Sagittal whole-spine MR imaging can be performed rapidly and efficiently in the majority of patients (98%), and provides improved accuracy for the determination of the number of lumbar-type VBs. A supplementary coronal MR, Ferguson view radiograph or intraoperative fluoroscopic determination for the presence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae may add additional information when indicated for clinical treatment or surgical planning.
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Mansur, Dil Islam, Subindra Karki, Dilip Kumar Mehta, Pragya Shrestha, and Sunima Maskey. "A morphometric analysis of pedicles of lumbar vertebrae by using computed tomography scan." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v9i1.33547.
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Background: The vertebral column is the central pillar of the body which has cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal parts. Out of these, the lumbar part is made up of five lumbar vertebrae which lies between the thoracic part above and the sacral part below.
Objective: The study aimed to measure pedicle dimensions of lumbar vertebrae by using computed tomography scan.
Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted on 115 images of computed tomography scan collected from the Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital between May and October 2019 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. All the scans available in the department were taken for the study. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 (SPSS 16.0).
Results: The pedicle chord length and breadth progressively decrease from L1 to L5 vertebral levels and pedicle thickness gradually increases from L1 to L5 vertebrae on both sides in both genders. The pedicle chord lengths were found significantly different whereas breadth and thickness were insignificantly different between males and females at all lumbar vertebral levels except at L1 for breadth.
Conclusions: The pedicle chord length and breadth gradually decreases whereas thickness increases from L1 to L5 vertebral levels amongst Nepalese population.
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Paraskevas, George, Maria Tzika, and Panagiotis Kitsoulis. "LUMBOSACRAL TRANSITIONAL VERTEBRA ASSOCIATED WITH SACRAL SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA: A CASE REPORT." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 56, no. 3 (2013): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2014.21.
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Congenital malformations such as lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and spina bifida occulta constitute unrare anomalies and could affect the symptomatology of low back pain. A transitional vertebra is characterized by elongation of one or both transverse processes, leading to the appearance of a sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra or a lumbarized first sacral vertebra. Furthermore, sacral spina bifida occulta is a developmental anomaly that corresponds to the incomplete closure of the vertebral column. In the present case report, we describe a case of a dried sacrum presenting a partially sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra and total spina bifida, extended from first to fifth sacral vertebra. A pseudoarthrosis is formed on the left side and the specimen could be incorporated in Castellvi’s type IIa. Moreover, the incidence, morphology, clinical and surgical significance of these spinal malformations are discussed.
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Odeh, Khalid, Alexander Rosinski, Jeremi Leasure, and Dimitriy Kondrashov. "Pedicle Screws Challenged: Lumbar Cortical Density and Thickness Are Greater in the Posterior Elements Than in the Pedicles." Global Spine Journal 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219889361.
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Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Objective: To measure the total bone mineral density (BMD), cortical volume, and cortical thickness in seven different anatomical regions of the lumbar spine. Methods: Using computed tomography (CT) images, 3 cadaveric spines were digitally isolated by applying filters for cortical and cancellous bone. Each spine model was separated into 5 lumbar vertebrae, followed by segmentation of each vertebra into 7 anatomical regions of interest using 3-dimensional software modeling. The average Hounsfield units (HU) was determined for each region and converted to BMD with calibration phantoms of known BMD. These BMD measurements were further analyzed by the total volume, cortical volume, and cancellous volume. The cortical thickness was also measured. A similar analysis was performed by vertebral segment. St Mary’s Medical Center’s Institutional Review Board approved this study. No external funding was received for this work. Results: The lamina and inferior articular process contained the highest total BMD, thickest cortical shell, and largest percent volumes of cortical bone. The vertebral body demonstrated the lowest BMD. The BMDs of the L4 and L5 segments were lower; however, there were no statistically significant differences in BMD between the L1-L5 vertebral segments. Conclusion: Extrapedicular regions of the lumbar vertebrae, including the lamina and inferior articular process, contain denser bone than the pedicles. Since screw pullout strength relies greatly on bone density, the lamina and inferior articular processes may offer stronger fixation of the lumbar spine.
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Marques, Mary Lucy, Sofia Ramiro, Pedro M. Machado, Desirée van der Heijde, and Floris A. van Gaalen. "No relationship between bone mineral density and syndesmophyte formation at the same level in the lumbar spine of patients with radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis." RMD Open 6, no. 3 (December 2020): e001391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001391.
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ObjectiveTo investigate if in radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) low vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with development of new syndesmophytes at the same vertebral level.MethodsIn a post-hoc analysis from the ASSERT trial (infliximab vs placebo), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure baseline BMD (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine L1 to L4. Syndesmophyte formation was assessed in the same vertebrae on conventional radiographs defined as an increase in modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score from 0 or 1 to 2 or 3 after 2 years. Radiographs were scored by two readers. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) adjusted for within-patient correlation across multiple vertebrae, taking potential confounders into account.ResultsWe analysed 599 vertebrae in 165 r-axSpA patients (78% male, mean (SD) age 38 (10) years, 67% with at least one syndesmophyte anywhere in the spine). In total, 24 to 74 new syndesmophytes developed in 9 (5%) to 30 (18%) patients and 13 (2%) to 39 (7%) vertebrae, if either a syndesmophyte was seen by both or only one of the readers (ie, specific and sensitive definitions) respectively. In multivariable analyses, no association was found between baseline local vertebral BMD and new syndesmophyte formation after 2 years: adjOR (95% CI): 0.56 (0.01, 44.45) (specific definition) and 0.26 (0.03, 2.63) (sensitive definition).ConclusionIn patients with active and established r-axSpA, with an observed low incidence of lumbar spine syndesmophyte formation over 2 years, no relationship was found between baseline BMD and new radiographic syndesmophyte formation at the same vertebra.
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Ulrikh, Eduard Vladimirovich, Sergey Valentinivich Vissarionov, and Aleksandr Yuryevich Mushkin. "SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL VERTEBRAL ABNORMALITIES USING TRANSPEDICULAR FIXATION IMPLANTS IN INFANTS." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika, no. 3 (August 23, 2005): 056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2005.3.56-60.
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Objectives. To assess the possibility of application of transpedicular fixation for congenital spine deformities in patients early than 5 years old. Materials and Methods. Eleven patients aged from 1.5 to 5 years with congenital vertebral scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis caused by abnormalities in formation of thoracolumbar and lumbar vertebrae were operated on using spinal instrumentation with transpedicular support elements. Four patients had single vertebra malformation, and seven patients – multiple ones. Results. Surgically achieved correction of the deformity was 92–100 % for a single hemivertebra and 50–70 % for multiple abnormalities. Stable fixation was achieved in all cases. The use of transpedicular supporting elements in infants with congenital scoliosis resulted from vertebral formation failure in thoracolumbar and lumbar spine is a method of choice in cases with severe deformity and underdevelopment or absence of posterior vertebral elements. Conclusion. Installation of transpedicular screws in infant’s lumbar vertebral bodies is a realizable procedure, which has some advantages as compared with traditional hook supports.
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Aslanov, Ramis A., Aleksandr K. Dulaev, Denis I. Kutyanov, and Znaur Yu Alikov. "A new method for shortsegment multi-rod posterior instrumental fixation of lumbar vertebral body fractures: development of the technology and a clinical case." Medical Bulletin of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko 4, no. 2 (2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53652/2782-1730-2023-4-2-47-54.
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A new method of short segmental multi-rod posterior instrumental fixation of lumbar vertebral body fractures (groups A3 and A4 according to the AO classification) characterized by the combined use of two short transpedicular screws with maximum lateralization of their heads fixing the injured and adjacent vertebrae and two short laminar implants in the form of distractors and contractors installed according to a standard technique with their positioning symmetrically to the spinous processes was developed. If transpedicular fixation of the fractured vertebra is impossible, both laminar systems are installed in the form of staples with circular coverage of the corresponding half-arc of the adjacent vertebrae due to supra- and infralaminar arrangement of standard hooks. The method involves the use of standard vertebrological instruments as well as widely available licensed implants and the classic technique of their installation. A clinical case of surgical treatment of a 27-year-old victim with a comminuted compression fracture (group A3 according to the AO classification) of the 3rd lumbar vertebra is reported. An excellent clinical and radiological result was obtained.
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Zhang, Yanbin, Qifeng Peng, Shengru Wang, Yang Yang, Guanfeng Lin, and Jianguo Zhang. "A pilot study of influence of pedicle screw instrumentation on immature vertebra: a minimal 5-year follow-up in children younger than 5 years." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 23, no. 6 (June 2019): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.12.peds18622.
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OBJECTIVEConcerns remain over the influence of pedicle screw instrumentation on the growth potential of an immature spine. Previous studies have reported discrepancies between animal experiments and clinical studies. The authors’ objective was to explore the influence of pedicle screw instrumentation on the growth of an immature spine at a very young age.METHODSIndividuals who met the authors’ criteria were included. Anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral body; pedicle length on both sides; and anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, and area of the spinal canal were measured on CT images before surgery and at the final follow-up. Parameters of instrumented vertebrae and adjacent noninstrumented vertebrae were compared. The growth value and growth percentage of each parameter were calculated. Subgroup comparisons were made in thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae. Statistical analyses were performed.RESULTSThirteen patients with a congenital spinal deformity were included in the study. The average age at surgery was 3.4 (range 2–5) years, and the average follow-up was 7.2 (range 5–11) years. Osteotomy and short instrumentation with pedicle screws were performed in each case. A total of 69 segments were measured, including 43 instrumented vertebrae and 26 immediately adjacent noninstrumented vertebrae. Significant increases in all parameters were noted at the final follow-up. In instrumented vertebrae, growth of the pedicle length and the anteroposterior diameter and area of the spinal canal increased significantly, while growth of the anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral body decreased significantly compared with noninstrumented vertebrae. Similar results were noted in the lumbar region. The shape-change phenomenon was found in noninstrumented vertebrae but was not apparent in instrumented vertebrae.CONCLUSIONSPedicle screw instrumentation may slow down growth of the vertebral body, indirectly speed up growth of the spinal canal, and hinder the shape-change phenomenon of the lumbar spinal canal. However, the influences were quite slight, and significant development did occur in instrumented vertebrae. Therefore, pedicle screw instrumentation may not have much effect on the growth of immature vertebrae in children younger than 5 years.
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Mohamed, Reda. "VERTEBRAL ANATOMIC VARIATIONS IN THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES IN TRINIDAD." Agrobiological Records 7 (2022): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2022.001.
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The occurrence of lumbar vertebrae variants in horses in Trinidad are rarely reported. Parts of the skeletons of two horses of unknown age and sex that died in a horse farm in Trinidad and Tobago were brought to the Anatomy Laboratory. It was reported that specimens of fused left transverse processes of the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebrae and a blunted left transverse process of the 6th lumbar vertebra in thoroughbred racehorses in Trinidad. It may be a first reports of its own kind in Trinidad and Tobago.
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Vissarionov, Sergei, Alexey Baindurashvili, Dmitriy Kokushin, Nikita Khusainov, and Mahmud Poznovich. "Analysis of the Effectiveness of Guide Templates for the Placement of Pedicle Screws in the Surgical Treatment of Children with Congenital Scoliosis." Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics 3, no. 53 (2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52889/1684-9280-2020-3-53-13-17.
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Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of the correct position of transpedicular screws installed in the vertebral bodies in young and preschool children with congenital kyphoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar junction and lumbar spine against the background of abnormal formation of the vertebrae by the "free hand" method in vivo and in plastic models of vertebrae using templates -Directors in vitro. Methods. A comparative analysis of the correctness of the position of transpedicular screws installed in the vertebral bodies in young and preschool children with congenital kyphoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar junction and lumbar spine against the background of a violation of the formation of the vertebrae by the "free hand" method in vivo and in plastic models of the vertebrae using guide templates in vitro. Results. The number of correctly inserted transpedicular screws in plastic models of the vertebrae of children with congenital deformities of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine using guide templates was significantly higher than the number of correctly installed screws using the free hand method (96.3% versus 80.8%, p = 0.011). Conclusion. The obtained results of in vitro guide templates application showed high accuracy and correctness of pedicle screw placement, which gives prospects for the use of this type of navigation in clinical practice in young children with congenital scoliosis.
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Matsukawa, Keitaro, Yoshiyuki Yato, Hideaki Imabayashi, Naobumi Hosogane, Takashi Asazuma, and Kazuhiro Chiba. "Biomechanical evaluation of lumbar pedicle screws in spondylolytic vertebrae: comparison of fixation strength between the traditional trajectory and a cortical bone trajectory." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 24, no. 6 (June 2016): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.11.spine15926.
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OBJECTIVE In the management of isthmic spondylolisthesis, the pedicle screw system is widely accepted surgical strategy; however, there are few reports on the biomechanical behavior of pedicle screws in spondylolytic vertebrae. The purpose of the present study was to compare fixation strength between pedicle screws inserted through the traditional trajectory (TT) and those inserted through a cortical bone trajectory (CBT) in spondylolytic vertebrae by computational simulation. METHODS Finite element models of spondylolytic and normal vertebrae were created from CT scans of 17 patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis (mean age 54.6 years, 10 men and 7 women). Each vertebral model was implanted with pedicle screws using TT and CBT techniques and compared between two groups. First, fixation strength of a single screw was evaluated by measuring axial pullout strength. Next, vertebral fixation strength of a paired-screw construct was examined by applying forces simulating flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation to vertebrae. RESULTS Fixation strengths of TT screws showed a nonsignificant difference between the spondylolytic and the normal vertebrae (p = 0.31–0.81). Fixation strength of CBT screws in the spondylolytic vertebrae demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pullout strength (21.4%, p < 0.01), flexion (44.1%, p < 0.01), extension (40.9%, p < 0.01), lateral bending (38.3%, p < 0.01), and axial rotation (28.1%, p < 0.05) compared with those in the normal vertebrae. In the spondylolytic vertebrae, no statistically significant difference was observed for pullout strength between TT and CBT (p = 0.90); however, the CBT construct showed lower vertebral fixation strength in flexion (39.0%, p < 0.01), extension (35.6%, p < 0.01), lateral bending (50.7%, p < 0.01), and axial rotation (59.3%, p < 0.01) compared with the TT construct. CONCLUSIONS CBT screws are less optimal for stabilizing the spondylolytic vertebra due to their lower fixation strength compared with TT screws.
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Ching, Shelley V., and Robert W. Norrdin. "Histomorphometric comparison of measurements of trabecular bone remodeling in iliac crest biopsy sites and lumbar vertebrae in cats." American Journal of Veterinary Research 51, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1990.51.03.447.
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SUMMARY Trabecular bone remodeling values of the right and left iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae in cats were quantitated histomorphometrically and were compared. Healthy cats were given calcein (n = 2) or oxytetracycline (n = 2) twice for double-labeling of bone. Static and dynamic variables of bone resorption and formation were determined. Bone remodeling variables between right and left iliac crest were not significantly different (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were not detected between values of iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae except in the percentage of osteoid surface. Percentage of osteoid surface was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in the iliac crest compared with that in the vertebral body. Although not significantly different, values for bone formation were generally greater in the iliac crest than in the vertebral body. In healthy cats, values of trabecular bone remodeling were comparable between right and left iliac crest, and also were comparable between iliac crests and lumbar vertebrae.
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Sitorus, Sahat Edison. "Anterior Approach to Thoracic and Thoraco-Lumbar Spine." Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/nsmc.v1i2.106.
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Anterior surgery approaches have been used for thoracic and upper lumbar spine. These approaches provided a very good exposure to the anterior part of vertebrae and allows for decompression of the spinal canal that help to improves neurological status in patients with neurological deficitsThe primary indications for the anterior approach in vertebral surgery are the conditions with the destruction of corpus vertebrae and disk diseases caused by several diseases. The aim of surgery is to decompress the neural element, reduction and stabilize the anterior part of the vertebra with and without posterior stabilization. Specifically, it could know the underlying disease and eradication of the disease. Access route is determined by the spinal and the length of the procedure, the location of the more prominent lesion, with special attention for the anatomy of the vessel, visceral, nerve, diaphragm for thoracic-lumbar approach and avoid injuring artery between T4-L4 that critical for spinal cord injury. A multidisciplinary team effort with thoracic and urologic surgeon increases the likelihood of the outcome.
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Siraj, Nawshin, Nusrat Ghafoor, Jesmin Ara Parven, Khalada Parvin Deepa, and Md Ziaul Haque. "Spinal Canal Measurements at the Level of Lower Three Lumbar Vertebrae by 128-Slice CT Scanner in Bangladeshi Population." Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 11, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v11i1.58699.
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Background & objective : The knowledge of normal diameter of lumbar spinal canal is very important for diagnosing lumbar spinal canal stenosis and also for performing spinal surgeries at the lumbar level by Neurosurgeons and Orthopedicians. However, it varies widely among ethnic groups and between sexes in the same ethnic group. The present study was conducted to describe the morphometry of lumbar vertebrae at the level of L3-L5.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 302 patients (aged 20-60 years) at Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute between July 2019 to December, 2020 who underwent diagnostic CT scans for abdominal or genitourinary complaints without any known vertebral column pathology or complaints of low back pain or other abnormalities attributable to lumbar spine. Patients having sciatic pain with or without pain in the back, having past history of back surgery and patients with osteophytes or developmental anomalies, trauma or vertebral fracture and known case of lordosis, scoliosis or kyphosis or other abnormalities in lumbar vertebrae were also excluded. A CT scan was performed using 128-slice multi-detector CT with unenhanced CT images from the level of diaphragm to pubic symphysis so that the area from D12 to S1 vertebra be covered (field of view). Sections 3-mm thick with reconstruction up to 1 mm were analyzed and different parameters of the spinal canal and vertebral body were measured in sagittal and transverse sections. The images were reconstructed in true axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The canal-body ratio (CBR) was determined by dividing the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal by the sagittal diameter of the vertebral body.
Result: The findings of the present study demonstrate that nearly two-thirds (65.5%) of the subjects were early middle-aged or middle-aged with mean age of the subjects being 43 years. A male predominance was observed in the series with male to female ratio being 4:1. The study revealed that all the dimensions of the canal and the body in transverse and sagittal sections were observed to increase from level L3 to L5, while the canal body ratio was decreased slightly from L3-L5. The males have significantly wider vertebral body at all levels (L3-L5) of lumbar vertebrae compared to their female counterparts. Vertebral body diameter in sagittal section at L3 was significantly greater in males than those in females; however, they were not different between sexes at L4 and L5 levels. Canal-body ratio (CBR) was fairly comparable between males and females at L3 and L4, but it was greater in males than that in females at L5. No significant difference was observed between L3 & L4 and L4 & L5 in the same individuals in terms of CBR.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there are significant variations in some of the lumbar spinal canal dimensions and vertebral body measurements (including CBR) from L3-L5 between males and females. Although there was no significant difference between L3 and L4 in the same individuals in terms of CBR, there was reasonable difference between L4 and L5 lumbar vertebrae. The findings are of much significance in the investigation of vertebral column pathology in the context of our population.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2021; 11 (1): 8-13
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K Patil, Dhaval, and Vaishali S Anturlikar. "A Morphometric Study of the Vertebral Body in Dry Human Typical Lumbar Vertebrae." Indian Journal of Anatomy 8, no. 4 (2019): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.8419.2.
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