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1
Mcgowan, A. W., G. W. Sheath, and R. W. Webby. "Lucerne for high quality summer feed in North Island hill country." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 11 (January 1, 2003): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.11.2003.3016.
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It is common to have a shortage of high quality summer feed on hill country farms in New Zealand, due to a deterioration of pasture growth during the drier months. Lucerne produces high quality feed during summer on lowland fields; however, its potential in hill country is unknown. This study measured the persistence of lucerne and evaluated its seasonal production relative to pasture. These results were then modelled for a typical sheep and beef farm to assess the potential benefits of including lucerne on the farm. Monthly growth rates of lucerne (six cultivars) and pasture were measured pregrazing, and lucerne viability was assessed at the end of the five-year study. Lucerne was successfully established and maintained on hill country for five years. On average, the total annual production of lucerne and pasture were similar, with only the highest yielding cultivar 'Rere' consistently outproducing pasture on an annual basis. Lower spring production of lucerne was compensated for by higher summer growth rates of 62 kg DM/ha/day, compared with 34 kg DM/ha/day for pasture. The extra summer feed from lucerne enabled a model farm that included 12.5% lucerne to carry more animals and produce lambs of heavier slaughter weight than on a pasture only basis. This gave a predicted increase in the gross margin of 3%. The impact of lucerne on other farms must be modelled individually to establish the best system to utilise the additional high quality summer feed. Key words: lucerne, modelling, quality summer feed
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Faichney, G. J., R. J. Welch, and G. H. Brown. "Feed intake, digestion, and renal function in Merino sheep selected for higher clean fleece weight." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 1 (1998): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97091.
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Two-year-old ewes from 2 Merino lines selected for higher clean fleece weight were compared with their control line when given a lucerne hay diet and a lower quality diet of mixed wheaten and lucerne hays. There were no differences between lines in voluntary feed consumption, feed digestibility, urea synthesis and excretion, or renal function. Voluntary feed consumption, digestibility, urea synthesis and excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and urea and creatinine clearances were higher on the higher quality lucerne hay diet; renal tubular function was not affected by diet. Water intake was higher in the selection lines; consequently, these sheep produced more of a less concentrated urine. The renal clearance of endogenous true creatinine was significantly greater than the glomerular filtration rate, indicating that creatinine was secreted in the kidney tubules. The results support the conclusion that differences between selection lines in physiological parameters not directly associated with wool follicle function are unlikely to be consistent enough to be useful predictors of genetic merit for fleece weight.
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Tsyhanskyi, Viacheslav. "DYNAMICS OF SOWN LUCERNE DENSITY IN THE PERIOD OF VEGETATION, DEPENDING ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-5.
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The most widespread perennial leguminous grass is lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Lucerne is a high nutritive value legume that is grown for its feed value, its contribution of legume nitrogen to the soil and for its deep root system and ability to use water. Lucerne is rated on its winter activity level with varieties having high or low winter growth activity. Lucerne is suited for soils with a pH (CaCl2) between 5.5 and 8.0. Rooting depth of lucerne is constrained by poor soil structure, acidity, compaction, salinity and waterlogging. Lucerne can increase the capacity of soils to store water because of its deep roots and perennial life-cycle. The role of lucerne is exposed in a feed production. Climatic, soil, genetic and management factors and their interactions influence lucerne production. The separate elements of technology of its growing are considered in this article. The value of lime treatment has been exposed in growth and development of this culture. Influence of inoculation, growing technique, presowing seed treatment on the thickness of lucerne plants (Medicago sativa L.) has been presented. With the introduction of new varieties of perennial legumes, namely alfalfa sowing, there is a need to develop elements of cultivation technology and to establish their impact on grass density during the growing season. To create a highly productive agrophytocenosis of alfalfa for sowing due to the maximum preservation of plants in the grassland, it is advisable to grow it uncovered with the application of herbicide on the background of mineral fertilizers and application of full lime with pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobophyte in combination with Emistim С. Keywords: lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), lime treatment, inoculation, growing technique, safety of plants.
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Humphries, A. W. "Future applications of lucerne for efficient livestock production in southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12140.
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Lucerne is a deep-rooted herbaceous perennial legume with high levels of summer production and adaptation to a broad range of agro-ecological environments in southern Australia. The ability of lucerne to extend the growing season of winter-based pasture and respond quickly to rainfall after periods of drought makes it one of the most valuable plants in our feed base. However, for all the advantages of lucerne, it remains underutilised. Lucerne is often considered to be a speciality fodder crop, requiring careful management to achieve high levels of production and persistence. This paper investigates the opportunity of whole-farm integration of lucerne; from speciality fodder crop to traditional pasture. The future trends of lucerne production in temperate grazing and intensive dairy systems are discussed in relation to breeding objectives identified to meet these demands. If lucerne is to be used more commonly as a pasture, the plant and systems must adapt. This paper investigates the plant traits and management principles that are important for growing lucerne in mixtures with other plants and improving the integration of lucerne into the whole-farm plan.
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Weston, RH, JR Lindsay, DW Peter, and DJ Buscall. "Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 14. Comparisons of voluntary feed consumption and various transactions in the alimentary tract between lambs and sheep fed roughage diets." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890625.
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Comparisons were made of the voluntary intake and digestion of diets based on chopped straw, chopped lucerne and ground lucerne by lambs (c. 23 kg body weight) and adult sheep (c. 53 kg), and of feed intake and digestion by larger lambs (c. 35 kg) and adult sheep (c. 53 kg) grazing senescent pasture. With both the chopped and ground diets the lambs (i) had digesta of finer texture, (ii) cleared larger particles (>600 �m sieve) more slowly from the rumen, (iii) cleared organic matter more rapidly from the omasum and caecum + proximal colon, and (iv) performed more rumination bites. With the chopped diets, digestibility and feed intake pcr unit metabolic body weight were similar for lambs and adults but the lambs (i) spent more time eating, (ii) had more digesta in the reticulorumen per unit reticulo-rumen digesta free body weight, (iii) clcarcd organic matter from the abomasum more rapidly, and (iv) had less ash in abomasal digesta (straw-based diet only). With the ground lucerne diet the lambs (i) consumed more feed per unit of metabolic body weight, (ii) regurgitated more rumination boluses and (iii) cleared organic matter more rapidly from the reticulorumen. At pasture, it was estimated that the lambs (i) consumed more feed per unit metabolic body weight, (ii) had more digesta in the reticulo-rumen per unit rcticulo-rumen digesta free body weight, (iii) clearcd organic matter more rapidly from the omasum and abomasum, (iv) tended to have digesta of finer texture and (v) had less ash in abomasal digesta (-64%). The differences between the lambs and adults and their possible implications arc discussed, and it is suggested that with lower-quality roughages the smaller lamb may be placed at a disadvantage, relative to the adult, because of an inability to exhibit a higher feed intake commensurate with its higher maintenance energy need.
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Frank, Damian, Margaret Raeside, Ralph Behrendt, Raju Krishnamurthy, Udayasika Piyasiri, Gavin Rose, Peter Watkins, and Robyn Warner. "An integrated sensory, consumer and olfactometry study evaluating the effects of rearing system and diet on flavour characteristics of Australian lamb." Animal Production Science 57, no. 2 (2017): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15006.
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Producing lamb with good eating quality – flavour, tenderness and juiciness – is essential for consumer satisfaction. Forages such as lucerne and plantain can play an important role in sustainable lamb production; however, it is important to ensure that these feeds do not introduce undesirable flavours. We evaluated the potential for backgrounding (post-weaning) and finishing diets (11 weeks pre-slaughter) to affect lamb eating quality. Lambs were backgrounded on either (1) a combination of three cultivars of perennial ryegrass or (2) a combination of lucerne, ryegrass and fescue and then finished (76 days) on one of three forages; (1) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), (2) lucerne (Medicago sativa) or (3) plantain (Plantago lanceolota). After slaughter, striploin (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum) and topside (M. semimembranosus) muscles were removed. Grilled striploins were subjected to consumer acceptance studies and quantitative descriptive analysis by a trained sensory panel. Grilled meat from lambs finished on lucerne and plantain was equally or more acceptable than on ryegrass, with no negative impacts on flavour. The backgrounding system affected flavour attributes as well as tenderness. Grilled lamb volatiles were comprehensively characterised by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. Specific flavour-related sensory attributes were modelled using semi-quantitative volatile data. Targeted analysis of branch-chained fatty acids, 4-methylphenol and 3-methylindole indicated no significant effects of backgrounding regime or finishing feed. We conclude that neither lucerne nor plantain had negative impacts on lamb flavour although different combinations of backgrounding and finishing feeds may affect lamb tenderness.
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Le, Hung V., Quang V. Nguyen, Don V. Nguyen, Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli, Peter D. Nichols, and Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli. "Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Australian Prime Lambs Grazing Lucerne and Cocksfoot Pastures Are Enhanced by Supplementation with Plant Oil Infused Pellets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 7275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167275.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pasture (cocksfoot cv. porto (CFP) and lucerne) and supplementation of grazing lambs with pellets with or without plant oil infusion on performance and carcass characteristics. Forty-eight White Suffolk x Corriedale first-cross weaners were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a split-plot experimental design: (1) CFP or lucerne pastures only (control); CFP or lucerne pastures supplemented with pellets infused with oil from (2) canola (CO); (3) rice bran (RBO) and (4) no oil pellets (NOP). Lucerne and CFP pastures were considered as the main plot effect, and played the role of basal pastures. Lambs grazing lucerne or CFP pastures with pellet supplementation achieved carcass weights of >22 kg at 9 weeks, which met the specific requirements of Asian and United States of America export markets. Pellet supplementation did not affect final liveweight, average daily gain, body length, withers height and chest girth of grazing lambs. Dressing percentage of lambs grazing CFP pasture with pellet supplementation and lambs grazing lucerne pasture with RBO supplementation increased compared with lambs on pasture grazing only. Although supplementing lambs on CFP pasture with CO had relatively negligible impact on feed conversion efficiency, it significantly increased over the hook trade value compared with lambs grazing CFP pasture only. In conclusion, lucerne or CFP pasture plus pellet supplementation produced lamb carcasses >22 kg suitable for the export market. CO had relatively low feed cost per unit daily gain (0.9 $AU/kg on CFP pasture and 0.6 $AU/kg on lucerne pasture) and could also be used as a tactical supplementation tool for increasing the carcass weight of lambs grazing CFP pasture.
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Fraser, M. D., M. H. M. Speijers, S. T. Evans, and R. Jones. "Nitrogen utilisation by lambs offered red clover and lucerne silages harvested at two different stages of growth." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002507.
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Ensiled grass is presently the major source of winter feed for dairy cows and other livestock in the UK. However, the quality and quantity of protein in grass silage tends to limit its use for milk production, which means that bought-in concentrate supplements must be fed to maintain high production levels. Whilst forage legumes such as red clover and lucerne appear to have potential as home-grown, protein-rich feeds for livestock (Frame et al., 1998), there is very little information available regarding their nutritive value when ensiled. The aim of this study was to compare the N balance of lambs offered red clover and lucerne silages harvested at two different growth stages.
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Kingwell, R., and L. Squibb. "The role and value of combining dual-purpose crops and lucerne in a mixed-enterprise farming system." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 4 (2015): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14085.
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In Mediterranean-type environments, livestock productivity in mixed livestock and cropping enterprises often is limited by a period of feed scarcity that extends from late autumn, when dry residues of crops and pastures from the previous growing season are being exhausted, through to early winter when green feed is just commencing. Dual-purpose crops have been developed as a source of winter green feed, while still being a source of grain at harvest. These crops increase feed availability and boost livestock productivity. This study evaluates the role and value of dual-purpose wheat and canola crops, in combination with lucerne, in mixed-enterprise farming systems that experience a Mediterranean-type climate. Using bioeconomic modelling, the value of dual-purpose crops is assessed under a range of yield, price and technical assumptions. For an Australian study region, the robust finding is that the joint inclusion of dual-purpose crops and lucerne greatly increases the farming-system profits. Under standard assumptions when the farming system is operated to maximise profit, farm profit increases by AU$68 000 (or 88% over the base case) following the inclusion of both dual-purpose wheat and canola. The increase in profit is attributable to wool and sheep sales rising by 261%, yet the proportions of crop and pasture remain similar with or without the dual-purpose crops. Importantly, the proportion of the pasture area that is lucerne greatly increases to complement the increase in feed availability generated by the dual-purpose crops. The resultant large increase in feed availability in winter and summer allows the stocking rate to increase so sheep numbers and sheep turn-off become the main source of the increase in profit. Sensitivity analysis shows that even with significant commodity price fluctuations and further reduction in grain yield caused by grazing, and exclusion of lucerne, inclusion of dual-purpose crops in these farming systems still increases farm profit.
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Wang, Y., G. B. Douglas, G. C. Waghorn, T. N. Barry, A. G. Foote, and R. W. Purchas. "Effect of condensed tannins upon the performance of lambs grazing Lotus corniculatus and lucerne (Medicago sativa)." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 1 (February 1996): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600088833.
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SUMMARYA grazing experiment, conducted for 22 weeks in 1992/93 at Aorangi Research Station, AgResearch Grasslands, Manawatu, New Zealand, compared the productivity of weaned lambs grazing Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). Effects of condensed tannins (CT) in lotus were evaluated by studying the responses of lambs to twice daily oral supplementation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A rotational grazing system with restricted feed allowance was used. Measurements were made of pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, the composition of the feed on offer and diet selected, voluntary feed intake (VFI), liveweight gain (LWG), carcass growth, wool growth and the concentration of metabolites in rumen fluid. For both lotus and lucerne swards, the diet selected was mainly leaf. Lotus contained 34 g total CT/kg dry matter in the diet selected, whilst there were essentially no CT in lucerne. Compared to lambs grazing lucerne, lambs grazing lotus had slightly lower VFI, and higher LWG, carcass weight gain, carcass dressing-out percentage and wool growth. PEG supplementation had no effect on these measurements or upon the composition of rumen fluid in lambs grazing lucerne. However, in lambs grazing lotus, PEG supplementation reduced wool growth (10·9 ν. 12·1 g/day), slightly reduced LWG (188 ν. 203 g/day), increased rumen ammonia concentration, and increased the molar proportions of /.so-butyric, isovaleric and n-valeric acids and protozoa numbers in rumen fluid. PEG supplementation did not affect carcass gain, carcass fatness or the molar proportion of rumen acetic, propionic or n-butyric acids in lambs grazing lotus. It was concluded that the principal effect of CT in growing lambs grazing lotus was to increase wool growth without affecting VFI, thereby increasing the efficiency of wool production, that the greater rate of carcass gain of lambs grazing lotus than those grazing lucerne was mainly caused by factors other than CT and that CT did not affect the rumen fermentation of carbohydrate to major volatile fatty acids.
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Mielmann, Annchen, Carina Bothma, A. Hugo, and Celia J. Hugo. "Descriptive sensory analysis and consumer acceptability of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)." British Food Journal 117, no. 12 (December 7, 2015): 2975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2015-0066.
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Purpose – A lack of available literature exists about sensory data on lucerne (which is mainly used for animal feed) as an underutilised protein source for human consumption in South Africa (SA). Developing tasteless lucerne products is meaningless. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the descriptive sensory profile and consumers’ acceptability of lucerne. Design/methodology/approach – Three lucerne cultivars and one spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) cultivar were used: first, to determine sensory descriptive attributes by generic descriptive analysis; and second, to determine consumers’ acceptance of lucerne, which were evaluated for degree of liking for aroma, taste, mouthfeel and overall acceptability with a nine-point hedonic scale. Principal component analysis of attributes for all the lucerne cultivars was applied to identify any factors differentiating between these cultivars. Findings – “SA Standard” showed the lowest value, of the lucerne samples, for fibrous appearance, chewy and fibrous mouthfeel, bitter taste and bitter and metallic aftertaste. “SA Standard” was the most acceptable lucerne cultivar, indicating its application in future studies to profile new emerging cultivars. Originality/value – No sensory analysis studies have been performed on South African lucerne cultivars to determine their sensory acceptability. These cultivars could have potential for food nutritionists, food scientists and food product developers and the commercial market.
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Lachia, M., J. F. Aguilera, and Late C. Prieto. "Energy expenditure related to the act of eating in Granadina goats given diets of different physical form." British Journal of Nutrition 77, no. 3 (March 1997): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970042.
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The energy cost of eating was measured in four goats averaging 38 kg and fitted with rumen cannulas. Heat production (HP) was estimated in each goat over restricted periods of approximately 15 min while standing and eating continuously in a confinement respiration chamber. The animals were given feeds of different nature and physical form ranging from shrubs to concentrates. The energy cost of eating was calculated from the increment in HP above the average HP during the prefeeding period. The energy cost was related to the type and amount of feed consumed and also to the time spent eating. In a parallel experiment, similar amounts of the feeds eaten normally (oral feeding) were introduced into the rumen through a fistula. The increases in HP during and after fistula-feeding were negligible, which indicates that all of the increase in HP during eating is to be attributed to the energy cost of eating per se, mainly to theact of food prehension, mastication and propulsion in the alimentary tract. The rate of ingestion (g DM/min) ranged from 6·3 for fresh cut lucerne (Medicago sativa) to 46-99 for concentrates. The energy cost of eating (J/kg body weight (BW) per g DM) averaged 7·08 for fresh cut lucerne, 9·02 for roughages and 1·55 for concentrates and was 2·24 and 4·75 for pelleted and chopped lucerne hay respectively. When theenergy cost was expressed as a function of time spent eating, it ranged from 45 to 144 J/kg BW per min, depending on the physical form of the feed.
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Dryden, G. McL, K. J. Stafford, G. C. Waghorn, and T. N. Barry. "Comminution of roughages by red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the prehension of feed." Journal of Agricultural Science 125, no. 3 (December 1995): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600084914.
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SUMMARYThe chewing behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) during eating and the effectiveness of chewing on feed comminution was studied in two experiments. In Expt 1, deer were fed long or chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay, and feed intake and chewing activity were recorded. In Expt 2, the rumen was emptied and test meals of fresh chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Puna), lotus (Lotus corniculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Ruanui) forage and long lucerne hay were given, chewing activity recorded and the ingested forage quantitatively removed from the rumen. In Expt 1, the chopped hay was eaten more quickly than long hay (11·4 v. 8·3 g dry matter/min), and required fewer chewing bites per g dry matter eaten. In Expt 2, the four forages were consumed at similar rates (mean 4·3 g organic matter/min) and there was no significant difference in the chewing required to consume either total organic matter (OM) or cell wall OM. Deer chewed more quickly when eating lucerne hay than when eating lotus, and it was estimated that a greater number of chewing bites were required to form a bolus of lucerne hay than to form a lotus bolus. The proportion of ingested OM which was comminuted so as to pass a 1 mm sieve (efficiency of chewing) was greater for lotus (0·485) and lucerne hay (0·.518) than for chicory (0·.267). The efficiency of chewing ryegrass (0·.366) was intermediate and not significantly different from any other forage. For all forages, the main effect of chewing during eating appeared to be the release of cell contents, rather than the comminution of cell wall. Physical breakdown to particles which passed a 1 mm screen but were retained on an 0·25 mm screen was low for fresh forages (0·074–0·086) but was slightly higher for lucerne hay (0·127). Deer reduced feed particle size during eating with a similar efficiency to sheep, but were less efficient than goats.It is suggested that the chewing effort associated with forage consumption by red deer is related to the need to form a bolus. The amount of chewing may be as much influenced by the physical characteristics of the forage (e.g. leaf size and shape) as by its chemical composition, and the extent of comminution during eating may be determined by the processing needed to form a bolus and the resistance of the feed to bolus formation.
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Van Milgen, Jaap, Larry L. Berger, and Michael R. Murphy. "An integrated, dynamic model of feed hydration anddigestion, and subsequent bacterial mass accumulation in the rumen." British Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 2 (September 1993): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930141.
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Hydration of feeds and bacterial attachment to feed particles are thought to play major roles in rumen digestion of fibrous feedstuffs. The objective of the present study was to integrate these phenomena in a mechanistic model that could be used for data analysis. The proposed model was based on the conversion of biomass, where digestion end-products can be used for the synthesis of bacterial mass. Digestion of the potentially digestible fraction and subsequent accumulation of bacterial mass was based on a sequential, three-compartment model. These compartments represented substrate undergoing hydration, digestion, and bacterial mass accumulation. A fraction of the substrate was used for synthesis of bacterial mass. It was assumed that these bacteria associate either temporarily or permanently with the remaining substrate. Dacron bags containing either dry or fully-hydrated lucerne (Medicago sativa), maize (Zea mays) cobs, orchard grass (Dactylis glomeratd), and wheat straw were incubated in the rumen of a steer that was infused continuously with (15NH4)2SO4. The15N-enrichments of isolated particle-associated bacteria and residue remaining in the bags were used to estimate bacterial attachment. Substrate remaining and microbial mass accumulation were analysed simultaneously. Hydration did not appear to limit digestion. Fractional rate of digestion and appearance of attached bacterial mass was fastest for lucerne. For lucerne, 5 % of the digestion end-products were used for synthesis of bacteria that associated with the substrate, whereas for maize cobs, orchard grass, and wheat straw this was 16, 14, and 19% respectively. Less than 2% of digestion end-products were used for synthesis of bacteria that permanently remained associated with the substrate. Permanent association can occur only with the indigestible fraction, and probably represents bacterial debris. Lysis and/or detachment of bacterial cells was highest for lucerne, and was indicative of the rapid dynamics of lucerne digestion.
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Cranston, L. M., P. R. Kenyon, R. L. Fields, D. J. Moot, R. A. Corner-Thomas, P. D. Kemp, and S. T. Morris. "Lucerne with a high coumestrol content is not a suitable feed for ewes just before and during the early breeding period." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.559.
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Abstract The objective was to determine whether grazing lucerne for 7 days before breeding and for the first 7 days of breeding affected the reproductive performance of ewes with different body condition scores (average of 3.2 versus 3.7). This was compared with grazing a grass-based sward with a high proportion of dead herbage that was available at the time of breeding in a summer dry region (Wairarapa) in autumn 2016. The lucerne contained large amounts of fungal infected stem and dead herbage, which induced high levels of coumestrol (107 ± 15 mg/kg DM). By the end of the feeding period the grass and lucerne on offer were both of low quality (7.8 MJ ME/kg DM). Ewes that grazed lucerne for 7 days before breeding and for the first 7 days of the breeding period produced 18 fewer (P
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Petrychenko, V. F., N. Ja Getman, and V. I. Tsygans'kyj. "Lucerne as stabilizing factor for intensification of feed processing industry." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 96, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201810-03.
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Póti, P., F. Pajor, and E. Láczó. "Examination of different planted lucerne feed availability in small ruminants." Cereal Research Communications 34, no. 1 (March 2006): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.34.2006.1.187.
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Philp, Joshua, Adam M. Komarek, Sarah J. Pain, Xueling Li, and William Bellotti. "Improving the use of available feed resources to overcome sheep feeding deficits in western China." Animal Production Science 56, no. 9 (2016): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14694.
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Socioeconomic and agro-ecological circumstances often compel smallholder livestock farmers in the developing world to maintain livestock over winter, and this can incur production penalties due to insufficient feed quality and availability. Recent policy efforts in western China have attempted to address this issue through the promotion of lucerne production to support growing livestock numbers with its high nitrogen content, however lucerne is underutilised by farmers and rarely maintained beyond harvest. The potential benefits to production of storing enough lucerne to meet the minimum nitrogen requirements of rumen function during the winter deficit were explored in an experiment in Qingyang Prefecture, Gansu Province, P.R. China. Tan weaner sheep (mean weight 15.4 kg) were fed corn straw, corn grain and lucerne hay in respective ratios of 80 : 20 : 0 [metabolisable energy (ME) = 7.4 MJ/kg DM, crude protein = 40 g/kg DM; ‘R1’] or 55 : 20 : 25 (ME = 8.2 MJ/kg DM, crude protein = 65 g/kg DM; ‘R2’). Rations were offered daily in a constant quantity that supplied ~80% maintenance energy requirements at the start of the experiment. Sheep fed R2 retained 0.7 kg more on average than those fed R1 (P < 0.01) after 20 days under experimental conditions with a mean weight change of –0.089 kg/day for R1 and –0.055 kg/day for R2 (P < 0.01). Sheep fed R1 experienced a sustained loss in digestive function over time, with ration DM digestibility decreasing by 0.56% per day (P < 0.01, R2 = 0.65), and MJ of ME per kg of ingested DM (M/D) decreasing by 0.06 MJ/kg DM per day (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.98). The mean M/D of R1 had fallen to 6.1 after 20 days (P < 0.01). The mean DM digestibility and M/D observed in R2-fed animals remained comparatively stable, with no statistically significant differences between starting and finishing values (P > 0.05). The results indicate that the capacity for underfed Tan weaner sheep to absorb energy from low protein rations typical of winter rapidly degrades and that the lucerne hay in the diet prevented this decline. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that conserving lucerne for inclusion in winter rations is a potential strategy for smallholder farmers to maintain the digestive efficiency of Tan sheep during sustained underfeeding contributing to greater retention of liveweight on restricted diets.
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McCaskill, M. R., M. C. Raeside, S. G. Clark, C. MacDonald, B. Clark, and D. L. Partington. "Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 1 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14179.
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Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.
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Weston, RH. "Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 15. Voluntary feed consumption and digestion in lambs fed chopped roughage diets varying in quality." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890643.
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Feed intake and digestion transactions for diets based on wheaten straw and mature ryegrass diets, both supplemented to provide additional essential nutrients, were compared with those for lucerne hay and high quality forage oats diets in lambs weighing c. 24 kg. The data obtained and comparable published data were used to examine relationships between a range of variables. Decrease in roughage quality, as evidenced by decrease in digestible organic matter (OM) intake, was accompanied by increase in (i) times spent eating, ruminating and chewing rumination boluses, (ii) the quantities of digesta or digesta OM in the reticula-rumen and omasum. It was not associated with increase in the large particle content of rumen or omasum digesta. Over the range of diets, close direct relations were demonstrated between (i) ruminating time and the amount of digesta in the reticulo-rumen, (ii) the amounts of digesta in the reticulo-rumen and omasum, (iii) the OM concentrations in rumen and reticulum digesta, (iv) the OM concentrations in reticulum and omasum digesta, (v) the OM concentration of reticulum digesta and of digesta flowing to the omasum, and (vi) the increase in OM concentration from reticulum to omasum digesta and OM concentration of reticulum digesta. Reticulum digesta were of finer texture than rumen digesta, and the bulk density of digesta particle fractions varied between diets, and sometimes between rumen and large intestine digesta. With a straw-based diet, relative to lucerne hay, small particles ( <600 �m sieve) were cleared more slowly from the reticula-rumen, associated with a larger reticulo-rumen particle pool. The data are discussed in relation to (i) the flow of digesta through the alimentary tract and (ii) the regulation of roughage intake. They were considered to be consistent with a concept that energy metabolism and digesta load in the reticulo-rumen interact in the regulation of roughage intake.
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Le, Hung, Quang Nguyen, Don Nguyen, Bunmi Malau-Aduli, Peter Nichols, and Aduli Malau-Aduli. "Nutritional Supplements Fortified with Oils from Canola, Flaxseed, Safflower and Rice Bran Improve Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Australian Prime Lambs." Animals 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8120231.
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This study investigated live animal performance and carcass characteristics of Australian prime lambs fed oil based polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched pellets in a feedlot system. The tested hypothesis was that supplementation of lambs with a variety of dietary oil based PUFA enriched pellets would enhance growth and carcass characteristics compared with the control lambs fed only with lucerne hay. Seventy-two, 6 months old White Suffolk x Corriedale first-cross prime lambs with an average liveweight (LWT) of 35.7 ± 0.9 kg were allocated to six treatment groups in a completely randomised experimental design. The treatments were: (1) control: lucerne hay only; or lucerne hay plus wheat-based pellets infused with 50 mL/kg dry matter (DM) of oils from (2) rice bran (RBO); (3) canola (CO); (4) rumen protected (RPO); (5) flaxseed (FO) and (6) safflower (SO) dietary sources. All lambs had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and clean fresh water. Supplemented lambs were fed 1 kg of pellet/head/day for 10 weeks. Feed intake, final LWT, average daily gain (ADG), body conformation and carcass characteristics of lambs in the supplemented groups were all greater than for the control group. SO lambs had the lowest ADG of 190.3 g/day. RBO and CO treatments had the lowest feed cost per unit gain of AU$3.0/kg. Supplemented lambs had similar over the hooks (OTH) incomes that were all higher than that of the control group. This empirical evidence-based data demonstrated that supplementation of lambs with RBO and CO had comparatively lower feed costs without compromising ADG, carcass characteristics and OTH income.
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Chen, Chao, Andrew Smith, Phil Ward, Andrew Fletcher, Roger Lawes, and Hayley Norman. "Modelling the comparative growth, water use and productivity of the perennial legumes, tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) in dryland mixed farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 7 (2017): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17131.
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Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata) has been proposed as an alternative perennial forage legume to lucerne in the mixed farming zone of Australia. Simulation of growth and production of tedera would be a useful tool for assessing its integration into Australian farming systems and agronomic and management options. This paper describes the development and testing of a model of the growth and development of tedera in Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM). The existing APSIM-Lucerne was modified to develop APSIM-Tedera. The key physiological parameters for tedera were obtained from the literature or by measuring and comparing the phenology and growth characteristics of tedera and lucerne in glasshouse experiments and partially from field experiments. The model was tested using data from a diverse range of soil and climatic conditions. Using the modelling approach, the production of tedera and lucerne was also assessed with long-term (1951–2015) weather data at Arthur River, Western Australia. Biomass simulations of tedera (n = 26, observed mean = 510 kg dry mass ha–1) explained 66% of the observed variation in field experiments (root mean square deviation = 212 kg dry mass ha–1). Long-term simulations of a 4-year pasture phase showed that more total annual biomass (5600 kg ha–1) would be obtained from lucerne than tedera if the pasture forage was harvested four times a year. Less biomass (400 kg ha–1) was also simulated for tedera in summer under this management. When the pasture forage was harvested when biomass was more than 2000 kg ha–1, tedera and lucerne produced similar accumulated biomass in the second (8000 kg ha–1), third (12 000 kg ha–1) and fourth (15 000 kg ha–1) years, but much less in the first 2 years for tedera. The model can be used for assessing tedera production, agronomic and management options in the Mediterranean climate of Australia. The present preliminary study indicates that tedera is not as effective as lucerne for total biomass production, but it may provide useful feed in situations where the summer-autumn feed gap is a major constraint to production. Further research is also necessary to determine the potential role of tedera in areas where lucerne is not well adapted.
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Clark, S. G., G. N. Ward, G. A. Kearney, A. R. Lawson, M. R. McCaskill, B. J. O'Brien, M. C. Raeside, and R. Behrendt. "Can summer-active perennial species improve pasture nutritive value and sward stability?" Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 6 (2013): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13004.
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Although generally well adapted and productive, the summer-dormant perennial pastures of southern Australia do not provide a year-round, high nutritive value feed base, they fail to respond to summer rainfall, and they are inefficient in using stored soil water, which can contribute to dryland salinity. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that deep-rooted, summer-active perennial pasture species, matched to soil type, can be grown successfully in southern Australia to increase pasture and animal productivity and to provide high quality feed in summer–autumn. Specifically, the experiment compared a traditional perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture system with two systems based on summer-active species: the triple system with lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb) Darbysh), and the novel system with chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov). The experiment incorporated three livestock systems (two sheep and one cattle) and took into account the three main soil types occurring on the DPI Hamilton research farm. After 4 years the perennial ryegrass, lucerne, and tall fescue components were all persisting well and providing feed with high nutritive value (all with frequency scores >70% in the last year of the experiment). The chicory and kikuyu pastures declined over the life of the experiment and were contributing little at the end (frequency scores <15% in the final year). Lucerne, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass cv. Banquet were able to respond to summer rainfall events to provide valuable, high-quality feed at a time when the quality of perennial ryegrass pasture is normally at its lowest; April 2007 crude protein per cent dry matter values were Avalon perennial ryegrass 16.6, Fitzroy perennial ryegrass 15.6, kikuyu 24.2, lucerne 25.8, and tall fescue 20.3 following a 98 mm rainfall event in late January 2007. This study has shown that the triple and ryegrass systems were persistent and of high nutritive value, with the sown perennial species contributing the majority of the sward dry matter during the growing season.
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Raeside, M. C., M. Robertson, Z. N. Nie, D. L. Partington, J. L. Jacobs, and R. Behrendt. "Dietary choice and grazing behaviour of sheep on spatially arranged pasture systems. 1. Herbage mass, nutritive characteristics and diet selection." Animal Production Science 57, no. 4 (2017): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15539.
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Offering livestock dietary choice through access to different pasture species enables livestock to regulate their own feed intake, select for nutrients and minerals, balance rumen health and display natural grazing and foraging behaviours, which could in turn result in increased livestock productivity. An experiment was conducted at Hamilton, Victoria, Australia, to test the hypothesis that offering lambs dietary choice through spatially separated combinations of pasture species would improve lamb performance, relative to lambs with no dietary choice. The experiment tested seven treatments, replicated four times in a randomised complete block design with plot sizes of 1 ± 0.1 ha. The treatments were: 100% perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (PR), 100% plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) (PL), 100% lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (LU), 50 : 50 perennial ryegrass/plantain (PR + PL), 50 : 50 perennial ryegrass/lucerne (PR + LU), 50 : 50 plantain/lucerne (PL + LU) and 33 : 33 : 33 perennial ryegrass/plantain/lucerne (PR + PL + LU). In the multiple species swards, the pasture species were separated spatially (by area). Plots were grazed by weaned lambs between March and June 2011. Pre-grazing herbage mass during March and April were highest (P < 0.05) from the lucerne and lowest (P < 0.05) from the plantain, with lucerne producing 4.5–5.5 t DM/ha during this time, whereas the perennial ryegrass and plantain produced 3.5–3.9 t DM/ha and 2.3–3.0 t DM/ha, respectively. Herbage disappearance (calculated estimate of feed intake) was highest (P < 0.05) from the lucerne and lowest (P < 0.05) from the plantain during March and April. Leaf crude protein between the perennial ryegrass and plantain did not differ (P > 0.05) and were lower (P < 0.05) than the lucerne, but the perennial ryegrass and plantain had higher (P < 0.05) leaf on offer (kg DM/ha). Plantain leaf had higher (P < 0.05) Fe, Zn, Co, Ca and S than the perennial ryegrass leaf and higher (P < 0.05) Se, Cu, Mg, Na and Cl than the perennial ryegrass and lucerne leaf and a more negative (P < 0.05) dietary cation : anion difference. The agronomic data presented in this paper provides support for the hypothesis, with lambs showing dietary preferences between pasture species and morphological components, and forms to basis for why these preferences exist. The two subsequent papers show how offering lambs dietary choice affected the performance of male lambs to slaughter and female lambs to first joining.
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Koehler, Brigitte, Michael Diepolder, Johannes Ostertag, Stefan Thurner, and Hubert Spiekers. "Dry matter losses of grass, lucerne and maize silages in bunker silos." Agricultural and Food Science 22, no. 1 (March 27, 2013): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6715.
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An efficient feed management is important for a sustainable and economic agricultural production. One of the main points for improving the efficiency is the reduction of feed losses. In the present investigation the dry matter (DM) losses of grass, lucerne and maize silages in farm scaled bunker silos were analysed. The method of determining DM losses was the total-in versus total-out DM mass flow of the silos, including the determination of DM content and other silage parameters via manual sampling. The results taken from 48 silos showed on average for all investigated crops 9–12% of DM losses. Density and feed out rate showed a negative correlation to DM losses in maize silages. According to the applied method for determining DM losses on farm scale, a guideline of 8% can be suggested for maximum DM losses in bunker silos for grass and maize silages. The described method seems to be applicable for improving the feed management by using largely automated measurements on the harvest and feeding side.
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Andueza, Donato, Ignacio Delgado, and Fernando Muñoz. "Effect of lucerne preservation method on the feed value of forage." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89, no. 12 (July 9, 2009): 1991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3676.
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Alijoo, Younes, R. Valizadeh, Abbasali Naserian, and Fereidoon Eftekhar Shahroodi. "Feed intake and digestive responses of dairy cow fed lucerne hay varying in particle size." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021165.
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Chemical composition and physical characteristics of diet influences its optimal utilization in dairy cow. Neutral detergent fiber measures the chemical characteristics, but not the physical characteristics of fiber such as particle size and density (Mertens, 1997). Both the amount and physical form of fiber are important in the diet of lactating dairy cow for maintaining normal milk fat content, chewing and digestive activities. A sufficient supply of long particles or NDF must be included in the ration to increase chewing activities, maintaining the rumen pH and providing an optimal rumen environment in order to avoid metabolic disorders. Current NRC guidelines (NRC, 2001) have proven useful information in defining animal requirements and feed composition but do not provide detailed recommendation on physical form of ration. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of lucerne particle size on feed intake and digestibility in dairy cow in early lactation period.
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Harvey, B. M., K. H. Widdup, and B. A. Barrett. "An evaluation of lucerne for persistence under grazing in New Zealand." Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 76 (January 1, 2014): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2014.76.2954.
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Abstract The on-farm use of lucerne (Medicago sativa) for grazing and conserved feed has increased in New Zealand over recent years, with new cultivars coming onto the market, including more winter-active ones. The extent to which the winter active types contribute to annual feed production, and the relationship to critical traits like persistence, has not been systematically tested. Two concurrent trials over a 4-year period were used to evaluate a range of lucerne cultivars and elite experimental populations ranging in dormancy from 2 (highly dormant) to 10 (non-dormant) under contrasting grazing regimes near Lincoln, New Zealand. More winter-active cultivars in the higher fall dormancy (FD) classes had similar growth to lower FD classes in all seasons except autumn, where they exhibited 18% greater yield than the lowest FD entry. However, these higher FD populations do not persist as well under heavy grazing, with a reduction in ground cover of up to 90% after four years, compared with only a 25% loss in lower FD classes. There was a negative correlation between FD and persistence measured as plant survival over 4 years (R2=0.73). However, one high FD entry showed increased survival under grazing, suggesting there is scope for selection of types with improved cool season growth and grazing tolerance. The concurrent lucerne trial subjected to a low-frequency grazing/ cutting regime showed faster recovery from defoliation than the adjacent hard grazed regime, suggesting stored underground reserves were more available for regrowth. We concluded that lucerne cultivars with FD ratings in the 3 to 5 range are most suitable for yield and persistence under grazing in these conditions. There is also scope for breeding to improve plant survival and dry matter yield within FD class. Keywords: Lucerne (Medicago sativa), grazing tolerance, persistence, fall dormancy
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Ghaffari, M. H., Z. Durmic, D. Real, P. Vercoe, G. Smith, and C. Oldham. "Furanocoumarins in tedera do not affect ruminal fermentation in continuous culture." Animal Production Science 55, no. 4 (2015): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13335.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the forage shrub tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa) on nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial fermentation and furanocoumarins degradation in the rusitec. The variables were measured in fermentation liquid on Days 13 and 17 and were compared with a control (lucerne hay). Overall, tedera had greater (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility than lucerne hay on both days of the experiment, but on Day 17 it had lower (P < 0.01) dry matter and crude protein digestibility than lucerne hay. There were no significant differences in concentration of NH3-N and pH between treatments, but NH3-N concentrations in both treatments were lower (P < 0.05) on Day 17 than on Day 13. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in vessels were not affected by treatments, but the concentration of acetate was lower and acetate-to-propionate ratio higher (P < 0.05) in tedera than lucerne hay on Day 13 of the experiment. Furanocoumarins were detected in the tedera treatment only. Their concentration in the fermentation liquid increased immediately after the addition of the plant material to the fermenter, reaching highest concentrations after 2 h. These concentrations gradually declined over the next two sampling times, but 6 h after the ‘feeding’, they were still detectable in the fermentation liquid. It was concluded that (i) tedera had in vitro digestibility and fermentability variables comparable to lucerne; (ii) furanocoumarins were degraded in the fermentation fluid, and (iii) furanocoumarins from tedera did not seem to impede microbial fermentation. Tedera may provide an alternative feed source to hay and grain for filling the summer–autumn feed gap without negatively affecting nutrient digestibility and rumen microbial fermentation.
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Burnett, Vivianne, Jeff Hirth, Kym Butler, Meredith Mitchell, Steve Clark, and Zhongnan Nie. "Sensitivity of Winter-Active Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to Different Grazing Regimes." Agronomy 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8070124.
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Lucerne (alfalfa; Medicago sativa L.) is the key forage for grazing in dryland temperate regions around the world. While rotational grazing of lucerne is recommended, in southern Australia the intervals between grazing events are often chosen in an opportunistic manner, to meet livestock production targets and utilise excessive spring and summer growth. To assess whether the persistence of lucerne is sensitive to variations in rotational grazing management practice, we report on an experiment with four sheep grazing treatments that was conducted for 2.5 years, including three summers, in southern New South Wales. The grazing management treatments were a crash-grazing control, frequent grazing, feed-based rotational grazing and time-based rotational grazing, replicated four times. The number of grazing events, percentage of time under grazing, lucerne top dry matter (DM) at the beginning and end of grazing periods and plant density were measured. The results relating to number of grazing events, percentage of time grazing and DM removed during grazing indicated that four grazing practices had been achieved. The treatments all had significant periods of rest for at least 73% of time and were empirically different in their approach but resulted in similar grazing pressures, in terms of overall pasture removed during grazing. Nevertheless, there was little difference in lucerne densities between grazing treatments over the life of the experiment. We conclude that there is flexibility in the rotational management of grazed lucerne provided adequate rest periods are part of the management program.
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O'Kelly, JC, and WG Spiers. "Effect of lithium chloride intake in drinking water on bulls fed lucerne hay." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 3 (1994): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940307.
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Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of administering lithium chloride (LiCl) in a portion of the drinking water on feed intake and blood electrolytes of bulls fed lucerne hay at either restricted intake or ad libitum. In Hereford bulls on restricted intake, LiCl at 1 mmol/kg LW. day caused gross inappetence when given dissolved in 1 L water, but did not affect feed intake when given dissolved in a larger volume of water (10 L). This volume was subsequently used for administration of all doses of the salt. Lithium chloride (1 mmol/kg LW. day) given for 5 days to Hereford bulls on restricted intake did not affect body temperature or haematocrit. Lithium concentrations (mmol/L) of 0.62 and 0.31 were established in plasma and red blood cells, and Li+ was excreted at the rate of 14.2 mmol/L urine. Lithium chloride (0.5 mmol/kg LW. day) given for 30 days to Brahman bulls on either restricted intake or ad libitum feeding established Li+ concentrations (mmol/L) of 0.31 in plasma and 0.16 in red blood cells without altering blood concentrations of Na+ or K+. However, lithium treatment of bulls on ad libitum feeding caused a 10% reduction in feed intake, with an associated 15% decrease in liveweight gain. It is proposed that reduction in feed intake due to lithium treatment of bulls on ad libitum feeding was mediated through the calming effect of the drug decreasing eating activity.
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Charmley, E. "Intake, liveweight gain and feed preference by steers fed combinations of lucerne and Westerwolds ryegrass silages." Grass and Forage Science 57, no. 1 (March 2002): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00296.x.
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Hakl, J., P. Fuksa, J. Habart, and J. Šantrůček. " The biogas production from lucerne biomass in relation to term of harvest." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 6 (June 18, 2012): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/98/2012-pse.
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of delayed cut of lucerne on a biogas production in contrast to bud stage used for livestock feed. In 2009–2010, the dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality, substrate biogas yield (SBY, L/kg DM), and area biogas yield (ABY, m<sup>3</sup>/ha) was assessed in the first and second cut in late bud and late bloom stage. Results show that ABY from lucerne could be significantly increased by change in harvest management towards to delayed cuts. The average increases of DM yield in late bloom stage achieved approximately 50 and 35% in the first and second cut, respectively, whilst the maximal significant decrease of SBY in bloom stage ranged from 25 to 30% in comparison with bud stage. This effect of strong SBY decrease was not consistent across years and was related to crude protein content in forage. Lucerne probably would not play a dominant role in biogas production but its growing could be a suitable supplement for field biogas production due to lucerne non-productive function.
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Zivkov-Balos, М., Z. Mihaljev, and Z. Cupic. "Contnet of trace elements and some radionuclides in lucerne (Medicago sativa)." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103591z.
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The samples of lucerne were collected from twelve different locations in Vojvodina during the summer period July- September 2004. Raw lucerne trees were cut on the height of 4-5 cm under the ground in the amount of 2-3 kg. The samples were air-dried, ground, powdered and mineralized by the method of dry burning. The content of minerals, toxic elements and radionuclides in the samples of lucerne was determined. Due to low concentrations of detected toxic elements and radionuclides and contents of micro- and macro-elements, the obtained results indicate that alfalfa from the examined localities is a healthy and ecology sound feed component. However, with the aim of protecting the environment and preservation of human health, continuous surveillance of the content of toxic elements and radionuclides in lucerne, particularly in localities with increased risk of contamination, is necessary. Special attention should be given to the content and origin of mercury in soil and a possibility of contaminating plants with this toxic element. The obtained results could serve as a base for further investigations, regarding radiation-hygienic control of herbal feedstuff for animals.
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Sakaguchi, Ei, and Tatsuro Matsumoto. "Effect of monensin on feed utilization and gastrointestinal fermentation in the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 1 (July 1985): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850100.
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1. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of monensin on growth performance, feed utilization and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the forestomach and caecum of hamsters.2. In Expt 1, monensin was fed at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg to the growing male and female hamsters given a commercial diet (major component: lucerne (Medicago sativa) meal). In Expt 2, monensin was fed at levels of 0, 5, 15, 45 and 135 mg/kg to the growing male hamsters given a semi-purified diet containing 10 g urea/kg (main components: maize starch, sucrose, casein and cellulose). In Expt 3, monensin was fed at levels of 0 and 40 mg/kg to the growing male hamsters given the commercial diet containing lucerne meal or a semi-purified diet.3. In Expt 1, monensin improved feed conversion efficiency and growth performances in the young growing hamsters, but monensin did not affect the hamsters at a later growing stage.4. In response to monensin the proportion of acetic acid increased and that of propionic acid decreased in the forestomach, whereas the proportion of acetic acid decreased and that of propionic acid increased in the caecum in Expt 2. The hamsters given 135 mg monensin/kg ate less, developed diarrhoea and died.5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) was improved by monensin but those of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were decreased in hamsters given the semi-purified diet in Expt 3. Monensin did not appear to have a significant effect on the apparent digestibility of the diet containing lucerne meal.6. The responses to monensin in hamsters are compared with those in ruminants.
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Baumont, R., N. Seguier, and J. P. Dulphy. "Rumen fill, forage palatability and alimentary behaviour in sheep." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 2 (October 1990): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075249.
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SUMMARYFive sheep were fitted with rumen cannulas and fed once daily ad libitumat 09.00 h with a low-quality mixed-grass hay or a good-quality lucerne hay. The effects of a second amount of the same hay or of the second hay distributed at the end of the large meal following the morning distribution, when rumen fill reaches its daily maximum, were investigated for feed intake, alimentary behaviour and rumen fill. The second distribution induced a true meal (200–400 g dry matter intake), except in the case of mixed grass offered after lucerne. On the basis of initial eating rate and the amount ingested, the highest palatability was for lucerne offered after mixed grass, and the lowest for mixed grass offered after lucerne. Diet selection was more pronounced with lucerne than with mixed grass, as indicated by the larger decrease in the neutral detergent fibre content of the fraction ingested. The true meals following the second distribution were associated with an increase in rumen fill up to 10% of the daily maximum observed without the second distribution. However, rumen fill with lucerne remained 1 kg lower than with mixed-grass hay, even after a second meal. It is concluded that the sensory response induced by a distribution of a sufficiently palatable hay is able to override the satiety signals due to rumen fill, and that there is a permanent balance between the stimuli related to the characteristics of the food available and those related to reticulo-ruminal digesta.
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Anderson, D., L. Anderson, D. J. Moot, and G. I. Ogle. "Integrating lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) into a high country merino system." Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 76 (January 1, 2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2014.76.2951.
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Abstract Farm systems in the dry sub-humid region of the Upper Waitaki predominantly graze merino ewes on extensive oversown and topdressed hill and high country. Smaller areas of flatter land are used to conserve winter forage crops, and grow supplementary feed and high quality pastures. The slow growth rate of merino lambs means they are traditionally retained on these improved pastures to finish in the following spring. In this system livestock demand peaks in the driest month of January and continues to be high through winter. Bog Roy is a farm that has changed this system and has established 200 ha of lucerne with the goal of fully feeding ewes during lactation. Pre-weaning lamb growth rate has increased from 205 to 235 g/head/day, opening the opportunity to sell heavier lambs in early January. Ewe lamb replacements are reaching heavier pre-winter live weights (38 kg versus 35 kg) and the flow-on effect is higher two-tooth scanning (129% versus 111%) and weaning (100% versus 84%). Lucerne has also improved the feeding of mixed age ewes from lambing to weaning, and lamb mortality has reduced from 30% to 21%, increasing weaning from 115% to 130%. The store production system also means livestock demand is kept low during the dry period and remains low through winter. Conserved feed is now only required for 50 days compared with 100 days in the traditional system. This has reduced supplementary feed costs from $10.33/stock unit (SU) to $4.82/SU. Shifting ewes to rotationally graze lucerne in large mobs early in the growing season has decreased the stocking rate on hill country. This has allowed cover to build during each spring with promising responses from legume species.
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Akyol, I., M. D. Fraser, G. W. Griffith, and D. R. Davies. "Comparison ofin vivoandin vitrodigestibility of silages made from a range of alternative crops." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002520.
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In vitromethods for laboratory estimations of feed degradation are important tools for studying ruminant nutrition. These methods measure either substrate disappearance or fermentation products, the exact nature of which depends on the nature of the feed and the system being used to determine the digestibility. Consequently, there is a need for comparisons ofin vitroandin vivoresults, especially when new feeds are being assessed. The following study compared the gas production procedure to whole tract digestibility measurements for a range of alternative crop silages.Round bale silages were prepared from five different alternative crops, red clover, lucerne clover, lotus, kale and a barley/pea bicrop, harvested at difference growth stages (Table 1). Freshly culturedLactobacillus plantarumwas used as an inoculant on half the material from each kale and barley/pea bi-crop harvest, and applied at a rate of 106colony forming units per gram fresh forage.
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Speijers, M. H. M., M. D. Fraser, V. J. Theobald, R. Fychan, and W. Haresign. "The performance of twin-bearing ewes and their progeny when offered red clover, lucerne and grass silages during late pregnancy." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200005019.
Full textAbstract:
Feeding conserved forage in the form of silage to pregnant ewes in winter is common practice in agricultural systems in the UK. However, silage as a sole feed in late pregnancy is unlikely to meet the nutritional requirements of ewes carrying twin lambs, and supplementary feeding is usually required. Evidence suggests forage legumes such as red clover and lucerne offer great scope for improving the supply of protein to ruminants (Frame et al., 1998), and feeding silage prepared from these crops could potentially reduce the need for protein supplements. The aim of this experiment was to compare the performance of twin-bearing ewes and their lambs when fed either ensiled red clover, lucerne or ryegrass during late pregnancy.
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Etheridge, MO, CR Stockdale, and PD Cranwell. "Influence of method of conservation of lucerne on factors associated with voluntary intake in sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930417.
Full textAbstract:
This experiment measured the voluntary intake and rate of eating of sheep fed lucerne (Medicago sativa) that had been conserved as sun-dried material or as silage at 3 different DM contents (29.2, 33.1, and 51.2%). Changes in rumen osmolality and palatability due to diet were measured. Palatability was assessed by introducing feed directly into the rumen and measuring the subsequent oral intake. Eight sheep with rumen fistulae were used in two 4 x 4 latin squares, which allowed for adjustment for carryover effects. There was no significant (P<0.05) difference between voluntary intakes of lucerne conserved as sundried material and as silages of various DM contents (mean intake 1189 g DM/day). The lack of difference in intake was attributed to the high quality of fermentation of the silages. Rate of eating was also generally similar for all diets. Evidence from measurements of palatability and rumen osmolality support these observations. Palatability appeared not to influence the voluntary intake of any of the diets, because the sheep reduced their daily oral intake by an amount similar to that introduced into the rumen. Under normal feeding conditions, rumen osmolality was also similar for all feeds and was relatively consistent for the 9 h immediately after the start of feeding. While rumen osmolality per se may affect voluntary intake, the lack of response reported here for changes in osmolality due to diet support the lack of response reported for feed consumption.
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PINARES-PATIÑO, C. S., M. J. ULYATT, G. C. WAGHORN, K. R. LASSEY, T. N. BARRY, C. W. HOLMES, and D. E. JOHNSON. "Methane emission by alpaca and sheep fed on lucerne hay or grazed on pastures of perennial ryegrass/white clover or birdsfoot trefoil." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 2 (March 2003): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960300306x.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the knowledge that alpaca (Lama pacos) have a lower fractional outflow rate of feed particles (particulate FOR) from their forestomach than sheep (San Martin 1987), the current study measured methane (CH4) production and other digestion parameters in these species in three successive experiments (1, 2 and 3): Experiment 1, lucerne hay fed indoors; Experiment 2, grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture (PRG/WC); and Experiment 3, grazed on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) pasture (Lotus). Six male alpaca and six castrated Romney sheep were simultaneously and successively fed on the forages either ad libitum or at generous herbage allowances (grazing). CH4 production (g/day) (using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique), voluntary feed intake (VFI), diet quality, and protozoa counts and volatile fatty acid concentrations in samples of forestomach contents were determined. In addition, feed digestibility, energy and nitrogen (N) balances and microbial N supply from the forestomach (using purine derivatives excretion) were measured in Experiment 1.Diets selected by alpaca were of lower quality than those selected by sheep, and the voluntary gross energy intakes (GEI, MJ) per kg of liveweight0·75 were consistently lower (P<0·001) for the alpaca than for the sheep (0·74 v. 1·36, 0·61 v. 1·32 and 0·77 v. 2·53 on lucerne hay, PRG/WC and Lotus, respectively). Alpaca and sheep did not differ (P>0·05) in their CH4 yields (% GEI) when fed on lucerne hay (5·1 v. 4·7), but alpaca had a higher CH4 yield when fed on PRG/WC (9·4 v. 7·5, P<0·05) and Lotus (6·4 v. 2·7, P<0·001). When grazing on Lotus, the sheep had very high protozoa counts in their forestomach contents, compared with those with the other forages and those in the alpaca. On lucerne hay and Lotus, but not on PRG/WC, the alpaca had higher (P<0·01) acetate/propionate ratio in their forestomach fluid than sheep. When fed on lucerne hay, alpaca and sheep did not differ (P>0·05) in diet N partition or microbial N yield, but alpaca had higher (P<0·05) neutral detergent fibre digestibility (0·478 v. 0·461) and lower (P<0·01) urinary energy losses (5·2 v. 5·8 % GEI) than sheep. It is suggested that differences between these species in forestomach particulate FOR might have been the underlying physiological mechanism responsible for the differences in CH4 yield, although the between-species differences in VFI and diet quality also had a major effect on it.
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Holst, PJ. "Supplementary feeding of oat grain or lucerne hay to crossbred ewes at lambing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 2 (1987): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870211.
Full textAbstract:
Border Leicester x Merino ewes (body condition score 2.6-3.0) grazing short pastures were given feed supplements during lambing, to examine effects on lamb survival. Supplementary feeding of poor quality lucerne hay, good quality lucerne hay or oaten grain, each given ad libitum, began 3 days prior to the start of the 4-week lambing period and continued to the end of lambing. One third of the ewes had twins. Lamb marking percentage for the unsupplemented treatment was 108.5% compared with 109.9, 118.1 and 111.7% for the poor quality lucerne hay, good quality lucerne hay and oaten grain treatments respectively. Of twin-bearing ewes given good quality hay, 60% reared both lambs, compared with 48-49% of those given poor quality hap or grain (n.s.) and 36% of those not supplemented (P < 0.05). Supplements did not improve the survival rate of single lambs. Overall survival (combining birth types) of lambs was also significantly improved by a supplement of good quality hay. The observed differences in twin survival were associated with differences in ewe grazing behaviour. These results support recommendations that supplementary feeding of twin-bearing ewes approaching lambing with a body condition score of 2.6-3.0 will improve lamb survival and weaning weights.
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Bubel, F., Z. Dobrzański, A. Gaweł, K. Pogoda-Sewerniak, and E. R. Grela. "Effect of humic-plant feed preparations on biochemical blood parameters of laying hens in deep litter housing system." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0017.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAn influence of various humic-plant feed additives based on some herbs (nettle, chamomile, yarrow, perforatum), lucerne and humic materials on biochemical indices of Lohmann Brown (LB) layers blood plasma was estimated. Hens were housed in deep litter system, 20 birds in a group. Four groups were formed: control (C – standard feeding), and experimental, supplemented with preparations: E-1 herbal-humic, E-2 humic-herbal and E-3 – humic-lucerne. Hens were placed in the pens on the 16thweek of life, addition of preparations with standard food mixture started at the 22ndwk and lasted until 66thwk of life. Blood for analyses was collected four times in the following periods: 27, 37, 54 and 65thwk of life. The applied humic-plant preparations to a limited degree affected the values of examined biochemical parameters in serum: total protein (TP), albumins (Albs), glucose (Glu), urea, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TCh), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It is difficult to determine based on these study, which preparation is one the most active biologically, however is seems that humic-lucerne preparation affected the examined blood parameters to the highest degree. The reference values ranges in hens blood serum LB hens were proposed for: TP (43-65 g/l), Albs (15-22 g/l), urea (0.5-1.2 mmol/l), Glu 10-15 mmol/l), TCh (2.2-4.5 mmol/l), TAG (10-24 mmol/l), AST (4-12 U/l), ALT (150-280 mmol/l) and ALP (190-350 U/l).
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Ansari, A., A. Taghizadeh, H. Janmohamadi, and G. Zarini. "Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the nutritive value of lucerne hay assessed with the in vitro gas production technique." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030258.
Full textAbstract:
Yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been widely used as a dietary supplement in ruminants. Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation in ruminant diets can increase dry matter intake, production performance, cellulose degradation, and nutrient digestibility (Callaway and Martin, 1997). In vitro techniques are routinely used to evaluate the nutritional quality of feeds because of their convenience, adaptability and efficiency. The in vitro gas production technique is an accurate and fast method to evaluate the nutritive value of feeds and it can be a good alternative method instead of in vivo trials to evaluate commercial feed additives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the nutritive value of lucerne hay using the in vitro gas production technique.
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Muir, S. K., A. J. Kennedy, G. Kearney, P. Hutton, A. N. Thompson, P. Vercoe, and J. Hill. "Offering subterranean clover can reduce methane emissions compared with perennial ryegrass pastures during late spring and summer in sheep." Animal Production Science 60, no. 11 (2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18624.
Full textAbstract:
Sheep production systems in south-west Victoria are based predominantly on perennial ryegrass pastures, resulting in highly seasonal growth and declining feed quantity and nutritive value in late spring and summer. These changes result in reduced animal performance and increased CH4 emissions per kg DM intake. A potential alternative to the feedbase used in south-west Victoria that provides high quality and quantity of feed in late spring and early summer are legume-based pastures, such as clovers and lucerne. This experiment examined the impact of legume-based pastures on the growth rates and CH4 emissions of Maternal Composite ewes during late spring and early summer. In 2014, 240 Maternal Composite ewes grazed either perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) or arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.) pastures for 6 weeks during late spring and early summer (November and December). Sheep grazing subterranean clover were heavier at the end of the experiment than sheep grazing perennial ryegrass. Methane measurements using portable accumulation chambers indicated lower daily CH4 emissions (g/day) from sheep grazing subterranean clover (23.5 g/day) than from sheep grazing lucerne (27.3 g/day) and perennial ryegrass (32.3 g/day) pastures. Methane emissions and liveweight changes appeared to be associated with the nutritive characteristics of the forage offered. Legume-based pastures provide sheep producers in south-west Victoria an option to increase growth rates and decrease CH4 emissions during a period when perennial ryegrass pastures are declining in nutritive value.
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Quirk, MF, RJ Wilson, and GW Blight. "Wynn cassia (Cassia rotundifolia cv. Wynn) improves the feed intake and liveweight gain of cattle fed poor quality native pasture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 8 (1992): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921005.
Full textAbstract:
The feeding value for cattle of Wynn cassia hay (Cassia rotundifolia cv. Wynn) was assessed by measurement of dry matter intake (DMI) and average liveweight daily gain (ADG) of yearling steers fed chaffed diets of native pasture hay (0.44% N) that included 0, 10, 25, 50, or 80% of cassia hay. The cassia hay was obtained after seed harvest and, so, was of relatively poor quality (1.10% N, 70% stem). For comparison, lucerne hay (Medicago sativa cv. Trifecta) (2.42% N) treatments were also fed with native pasture hay at the same dietary legume proportions. The experiment was conducted over an 80-day period. Cattle fed only native pasture had low DMI (2.9 kg/head.day) and ADG (0.012 kg/head). DMI increased curvilinearly and ADG increased linearly with the proportion of cassia in the diet. Both DMI and ADG were significantly (P<0.05) increased when 50% cassia was fed (to 5.24 kg/head.day and 0.210 kg/head, respectively), while only 25% lucerne was needed to obtain significant increases in both parameters (to 5.69 kg/head.day and 0.310 kg/head). The poorer response to increasing dietary legume measured with cassia diets was not unexpected given that it had been cut at a more mature stage of growth. However, when the responses were examined against a common index of feed quality (protein content), both legume hays gave similar responses. Despite its relatively poor quality, the cassia hay was readily eaten at levels up to 50% of the diet, and improved both DMI and ADG. Our results suggest that cassia successfully introduced into native pasture will improve the liveweight performance of grazing cattle.
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O'Kelly, J. C., and W. G. Spiers. "Monensin induced metabolic changes in cattle fed a restricted intake of lucerne hay." Journal of Agricultural Science 111, no. 2 (October 1988): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600083374.
Full textAbstract:
O'Kelly (1985) has presented evidence which suggests that at the same feed intake Brahman cross cattle synthesize more microbial lipid than British cattle with a resultant increased efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance. The lipid content of bacteria associated with both liquid and solid fractions of rumen contents is also higher in Brahman than in Hereford cattle (J. C. O'Kelly & W. G. Spiers, unpublished). The reasons for these breed differences are unknown. A step in investigating the problem could be to determine whether microbial lipid content in Hereford cattle can be increased by altering rumen fermentation patterns in association with changes in the microbial population. Ionophores alter rumen fermentation by increasing the production of propionic acid relative to other volatile fatty acids and also inhibit Gram-positive bacteria by facilitating the formation and transport across cell membranes of lipid-soluble complexes with various cations (Bergen & Bates, 1984). However, there are no reports on the effects of ionophores on microbial lipid metabolism in cattle on restricted feed intakes typical of those in tropical areas.
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Pearson, R. A., R. F. Archibald, and R. H. Muirhead. "A comparison of the effect of forage type and level of feeding on the digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time of dry forages given to cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 1 (January 2006): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051617.
Full textAbstract:
Four cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys were fed dehydrated lucerne, early-cut hay, later-cut hay or barley straw in a Latin square-based design for four periods of 35d. In the first sub-period animals were fed the diets ad libitum (1–21d) and in the second sub-period they were fed the same diet restricted to 0·75 of ad libitum intake (days 22–35). Measurements of forage intake, apparent digestibilities and gastrointestinal mean retention times (MRT) were made in the last 7d of each sub-period. Differences between species in voluntary DM intake (VDMI; g/kg live weight LW)0·75 and g/LW) were greatest on the lucerne and least on barley straw. Cattle VDMI (g/kg LW0·75) compared with intake of the other species was > ponies > sheep > donkeys on lucerne. On barley straw VDMI (g/kg LW0·75) of cattle compared with intake of the other species was = donkey = ponies > sheep. VDMI of hays were intermediate between the lucerne and straw forages. Apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) of the lucerne and hays were higher in the ruminants than in the equids. Effect of feeding level was not significant. Gastrointestinal MRT was shorter in the equids than in the ruminants. On straw diets donkeys showed similar apparent digestibilities of feed components to those of the cattle, whilst apparent digestibility of the straw diet by the ponies was lowest. Results are discussed in relation to evolutionary differences in feeding and digestion strategy associated with fore- or hind-gut fermentation in ruminants and equids.
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O'Kelly, JC, and WG Spiers. "Effect of monensin on methane and heat productions of steers fed lucerne hay either ad libitum or at the rate of 250 g/hour." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 8 (1992): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921789.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of monensin supplement (33 mg/kg feed) on methane and heat productions was studied in Brahman steers offered lucerne hay in two feeding regimes: ad libitum (AL) or at the rate of 250 g/h (GPH). The monensin treated animals consumed 65 kg less feed than untreated animals in achieving a mean liveweight gain of.56 kg over 54 days of feeding AL. The 10.5% reduction in daily feed intake due to monensin was associated with a 25.6% reduction in methane production. At equalized feed intakes (adjustments made by covariance) approximately 55% of the reduction in methane caused by monensin was explained by its anorectic effect and 45% by its specific effect on rumen fermentation. In contrast, monensin slightly increased (P = 0.07) liveweight gain, but did not affect methane production in steers fed GPH. Heat production was not significantly altered by the use of monensin in either feeding regime.
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PESCADOR, M., and S. J. PERIS. "Effects of great bustards (Otis tarda) on cultivated areas in west-central Spain." Journal of Agricultural Science 130, no. 1 (February 1998): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697005066.
Full textAbstract:
Great bustard (Otis tarda) populations in Spain are located mostly in cultivated areas during winter. The birds concentrate in large flocks and feed on cultivated plants. This paper reports two types of bustard-caused damage which occur in cereal, lucerne and vetch crops in west-central Spain, as a result of grazing and other bird activities such as display. Field work was carried out between 1994 and 1995. Damage to cereal crops was caused during germination and early seedling growth or to young plants, although plants were able to recover from this by regrowth and the overall yield was not reduced. Vetch crops were damaged in localized areas, but these recovered and were useful for forage enrichment or as grain. However, the damage to lucerne plots, although local, was extensive, resulting in yield losses of 23–31% with respect to the total production.