Journal articles: 'Lucca (Italy) History Sources'

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Baldassarri, Monica, Gildo de Holanda Cavalcanti, Marco Ferretti, Astrik Gorghinian, Emanuela Grifoni, Stefano Legnaioli, Giulia Lorenzetti, et al. "X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of XII–XIV Century Italian Gold Coins." Journal of Archaeology 2014 (October 8, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/519218.

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An extensive analytical study has been performed on a large number of gold coins (Norman-Swabian Augustale and Tarì, Grosso of Lucca, Florin of Florence) minted in Italy from the end of XII century to XIV century. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was used for verifying the composition of the coins. XRF is a nondestructive technique particularly suited for in situ quantitative analysis of gold and minor elements in the precious alloy. The Florins turned out to have a gold content very close to 24 carats (pure gold) although in a couple of cases we observed relatively high concentrations of iron (around 2%) or lead (around 1%). The Grosso of Lucca has a similar composition, with a measured gold content around 97% due to a higher silver percentage (about 2%), with respect to the average Florin. The Augustali analyzed showed, on average, a gold content around 89%. The average gold content of the Tarì analysed is around 72%, with a relatively large variability. The analysis revealed the use of native gold for the coinage of the Florins, excluding the possibility of recycling gold coming from other sources. On the other hand, the variability observed in the compositions of the Tarì and Augustali could suggest the reuse of Islamic and North African gold. The study could shed some light on the sudden diffusion of gold coins in Italy around the first half of XIII century, allowing hypotheses on the provenience of the gold used for a coinage that dominated the economic trades from then on.

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Franceschi, Franco. "Big Business for Firms and States: Silk Manufacturing in Renaissance Italy." Business History Review 94, no. 1 (2020): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680520000100.

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Silk manufacturing began in Lucca in the twelfth century and by the fifteenth century Italy had become the largest producer of silk textiles in Europe, nurtured by extensive domestic and foreign demand for the luxurious fabric. This essay explores the market for silk textiles, the organization of the silk industry, and the role played in it by guilds, entrepreneurs and their capital, and highly sought after artisans. Just as silk manufacturing was an important and lucrative business for entrepreneurs, this article argues, so was it a crucial strategic activity for the governments of Italy's Renaissance states, whose incentives, protections, and investments helped to start up and grow the sector with the aim of generating wealth and strengthening their respective economies.

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Dati, Monica. "Come nasce un lettore. Ricordi di lettura e memorie di educazione familiare a partire dal progetto Madeleine in biblioteca." Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare 18, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rief-10186.

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The paper is focused on the Madeleine in biblioteca project, which has been realized in cooperation with “Agorà” civic library in Lucca (Italy). It was aimed at recovering reading stories, from childhood to adulthood. The attention is here placed on the earliest memories and the family context, through library users’ oral testimonies, also useful to achieve a dedicated website (www.madeleineinbiblioteca.it), and a specific workshop on secretly reading and family censorship. A path, this one here shown, to reflect on the importance of reading and its history and to involve the public of non-specialists, in the building of the historical narratives according to a Public History methods.

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Francaviglia, Vincenzo. "Ancient obsidian sources on Pantelleria (Italy)." Journal of Archaeological Science 15, no. 2 (March 1988): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(88)90001-5.

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Muir, Edward. "The Sources of Civil Society in Italy." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 29, no. 3 (January 1999): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219598551751.

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Brand, Benjamin. "A Medieval Scholasticus and Renaissance Choirmaster: A Portrait of John Hothby at Lucca*." Renaissance Quarterly 63, no. 3 (2010): 754–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656928.

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AbstractJohn Hothby's career as cathedral choirmaster at Lucca is one of the longest, best documented, and most exceptional of any Northern musician active in fifteenth-century Italy. As director of the cathedral school and choir, this Englishman embodied two models of music master: a scholastic trained in the old Trivium and Quadrivium, and a professional maestro di cappella. Fulfilling this double role was but one way in which Hothby differed from his fellow oltremontani by ingratiating himself with his Lucchese patrons, colleagues, and citizens at large. Another was the integration into his curriculum of older pedagogies of local and regional origin, ones designed to appeal to his Italian students. The most important example of such appropriation were the laude that formed a basis for his students’ exercises in two-voice mensural counterpoint. The latter appear in I-Lc, Enti religiosi soppressi, 3086, one of only two examples of student work to survive from before 1500. These newly discovered exercises thus illuminate not only Hothby's career, but also a hitherto obscure stage of learning by which aspiring singers progressed from strict, note-against-note discant to complex, florid polyphony.

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Ferrara, Patrizia. "Archival sources for the history of sport in Italy." Comma 2009, no. 2 (January 2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2009.2.8.

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Breitman, R. "New Sources on the Holocaust in Italy." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/16.3.402.

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Dragišić, Petar. "Yugoslavia and General Election in Italy in 1948." Tokovi istorije 29, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2021.3.dra.71-88.

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The paper deals with Yugoslav perceptions of the 1948 general election in Italy. The research focuses primarily on reports of the Yugoslav legation in Rome, which closely monitored the election campaign as well as the consequences of this watershed in the Cold War phase of Italian history. The Yugoslav sources cast a light on the strategies of the principal protagonists in the Italian political turmoil in April 1948.

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LÉVY, TONY. "L'ALGÈBRE ARABE DANS LES TEXTES HÉBRAÏQUES (II). DANS L'ITALIE DES XVe ET XVIe SIÈCLES, SOURCES ARABES ET SOURCES VERNACULAIRES." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 17, no. 1 (February 12, 2007): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423907000379.

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Until the end of the 14th century, the sources of Hebrew mathematical writings were almost exclusively in Arabic. This was particularly true of texts that contained elements of algebra or algebraic developments. The testimonies we present and analyze here are due to Jewish authors living in Italy, primarily in the 15th century, who made use of the most varied sources, in addition to Arabic: in Castilian, in Italian, and perhaps in Latin. These testimonies constitute both an indication, and a product, of the circulation of Arab algebraic traditions in Renaissance Italy. Simon Moṭoṭ’s book on The Calculation of Algebra stems from the Italian tradition of ‘‘treatises on the abacus’’. Mordekhay Finzi of Mantua is the author of a Hebrew version of the great work on algebra by Abū Kāmil (9th century), as well as of a version, distinct from the preceding, of the Arabic scholar’s introductory exposition. Beginning in 1473, Finzi also translated from Italian to Hebrew the important treatise on algebra by Maestro Dardi of Pisa (1344). We also indicate some 16th century continuations of Hebrew mathematical production, which contain algebraic developments.

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Tepeš, Ivan. "Croatian Peasant Party in Italy from 1945 to 1947." Review of Croatian history 17, no. 1 (2021): 425–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v17i1.19694.

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The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the hitherto poorly researched activities of the Croatian Peasant Party (CPP) in Italy from June 1945 to mid-1947, based on archival sources of the Yugoslav Secret Service, CPP emigrant media and relevant literature. This is a period that marks the arrival and departure of prominent CPP members from Italy. The paper analyses the mutual relationship of CPP members in the party and their attitude towards other emigrant groups and Croatian refugees. During the observed period, most of the CPP’s pre-war MPs who found themselves in exile resided in Italy, and Italy was then one of the most important party centres of activity.

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Iacovetta, Franca, and Robert Ventresca. "Italian Radicals in Canada: A Note on Sources in Italy." Labour / Le Travail 37 (1996): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144040.

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Macchioni, Riccardo, Clelia Fiondella, and Rosalinda Santonastaso. "REFLECTIONS ON THE STATE AND THE ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION IN ITALY." Eurasian Journal of Business and Management 9, no. 4 (2021): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2021.09.04.001.

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The purpose of the paper is to examine the development of the accountancy profession in Italy, with particular reference to its relationship with the State. The period under review goes from 1906 – the year in which Law no. 327 was enacted regulating the accountancy profession consistently throughout the nation – until 2005, when the professional bodies of the dottori commercialisti and the ragionieri merged. The study uses both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources are a selection of laws, decrees and regulations issued by the government over time. A second set of documents consulted is the summaries of parliamentary debates and the explicative notes to laws and regulations. The secondary sources include writings on the sociology of the professions, international publications on the relationship between State and profession and economic history treatises on the history of the accountancy profession. The sources are examined mainly using a qualitative–deductive methodology. Passing through the analysis of some relevant variables, the results of study highlight how the State have significantly influenced the development of the accountancy profession. At the same time, this study extends the observation to a poorly explored economic–social context.

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Torrini, Maurizio. "Observations on the History of Science in Italy." British Journal for the History of Science 21, no. 4 (December 1988): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400025346.

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In two conferences, separated by the space of only a few months, in September 1966 and March 1967, Giovanni Polvani—at the time president of theDomus Galilaeana—and the council of theDomus, attempted a series of operations, all ambitious and difficult. The first, and to some extent the simplest, was to gather round theDomusall those who were working in a professional role or as amateurs on the history of science. Also invited were scholars who had become involved in the discipline through the territorial or thematic nature of their particular interests (as was the case with Luigi Firpo, Cesare Vasoli and others), or who had some special relation to the history of science of a more, so to speak, extrinsic kind, people such as archivists, librarians, and so on. Secondly, the organizers wished—and here was where the difficulties began—to start up a discussion (not limited to mere theory) on what people understood the history of science to be, what its relationship was with the history of technology, of philosophy, and with cultural history in general. As hinted above, the discussion was not meant to be on abstract theoretical terms, since it was designed to serve as a premise for an even more complex project, that is to set up a centre for the training of future historians of science. As often happens, in the heat of discussing the concrete problems which were the subject of the first meeting at Pisa (the sources of the history of science, limited to Italy, and only to the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries), there emerged difficulties, various orientations, evaluations and declarations, which were both meaningful and enlightening.

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Poggi, Stefano. "Surveillance as a culture of vigilance: the case of Napoleonic Italy." SOCIETÀ E STORIA, no. 177 (September 2022): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2022-177007.

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This article aims to verify the concept of "culture of vigilance" recently proposed by Arndt Brendecke and Paola Molino in Napoleonic Italy, a context traditionally interpreted in the light of surveillance paradigms. What emerges from the case study of the "capi contrada" established in Vicenza in 1806 is that the Napoleonic police were ultimately compelled to resort to requesting help from individuals belonging to the local communities they wanted to monitor. The "capi contrada" soon became one of the primary sources of information for urban law enforcement. Nevertheless, this collaboration remained strictly tied to the self-interest of the "capi". This kind of "inter-hierarchical"position was not limited to Vicenza, as analogous positions existed in several other cities of the Kingdom of Italy. Thanks to this case study, it is possible to recast the development of state-driven surveillance as one of the many cultures of vigilance that coexisted in Italy at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

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Paris, Ivan. "White Goods in Italy during a Golden Age (1948–1973)." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 1 (May 2013): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00502.

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The rise in popularity of such domestic appliances as “white goods” is a characteristic element of consumption patterns during the golden age of the Western economy. Data gleaned from heretofore untapped sources reveal the causes of white-goods' different rates of diffusion in Italy during that period. Besides the usual strictly economic circumstances, social, cultural, and technological factors conspired to slow the progress of white-goods consumption in certain geographical areas and among the different social classes, often when affordability was not the decisive issue. The study of how white goods spread brings new information to the understanding of how Italy completed the transition from an agricultural country to an industrial power.

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Cossar, Roisin, and Cecilia Hewlett. "Approaches to Seasonality in Premodern Italy." Renaissance and Reformation 44, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v44i2.37519.

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In this article, two historians of medieval and early modern Italy explore the impact of seasonal rhythms and routines on the social structures and practices of rural communities in central and northern Italy between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. We also investigate how rural inhabitants and those with authority over them responded to the challenges and opportunities posed by seasonal change. Primary sources include episcopal visitations, the diary of a rural priest, statutes from rural communities, testimony before episcopal courts, chronicles, and the records of magistracies in mountain communities. Studying the relationship between seasonality, sociability, and power relations in rural communities challenges one-dimensional narratives of premodern “peasant” life and instead demonstrates the complex and fluid nature of rural society.

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Cossar, Roisin, and Cecilia Hewlett. "Approaches to Seasonality in Premodern Italy." Renaissance and Reformation 44, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v44i2.37519.

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In this article, two historians of medieval and early modern Italy explore the impact of seasonal rhythms and routines on the social structures and practices of rural communities in central and northern Italy between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. We also investigate how rural inhabitants and those with authority over them responded to the challenges and opportunities posed by seasonal change. Primary sources include episcopal visitations, the diary of a rural priest, statutes from rural communities, testimony before episcopal courts, chronicles, and the records of magistracies in mountain communities. Studying the relationship between seasonality, sociability, and power relations in rural communities challenges one-dimensional narratives of premodern “peasant” life and instead demonstrates the complex and fluid nature of rural society.

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Ridgway, David. "The Rehabilitation of Bocchoris: Notes and Queries from Italy." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85, no. 1 (December 1999): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339908500110.

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It has been suggested that the pharaoh Bocchoris was famous for his wisdom, and that accordingly, the production of items bearing his cartouche is unlikely to have been confined to his short reign (720/19–715/14 BC, corresponding to the Twenty-fourth Dynasty). The latter therefore cannot provide a valid terminus post quem for contexts in the Classical world in which such Bocchoris-related artefacts occur. This suggestion is reviewed, and found wanting. It is noted that the evidence against ‘Bocchoris the Obscure' comes from later Classical sources rather than from the Egypt of his own time. Elsewhere, his dates have never been required to provide more than general support for a long-established chronological scheme involving Corinthian pottery and the foundation-dates of Greek colonies in Sicily, via the Bocchoris scarab from Euboean Pithekoussai (Ischia). The immediate context of this piece is briefly re-assessed.

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Drinka, Bridget. "Sources of auxiliation in the perfects of Europe." On multiple source constructions in language change 37, no. 3 (October 7, 2013): 599–644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.37.3.06dri.

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This paper explores the complex role of language contact in the development of be and have auxiliation in the periphrastic perfects of Europe. Beginning with the influence of Ancient Greek on Latin, it traces the spread of the category across western Europe and identifies the Carolingian scribal tradition as largely responsible for extending the use of the be perfect alongside the have perfect across Charlemagne’s realm. Outside that territory, by contrast, in “peripheral” areas like Iberia, Southern Italy, and England, have came to be used as the only perfect auxiliary. Within the innovating core area, a further innovation began in Paris in the 12th century and spread to contiguous areas in France, Southern Germany, and northern Italy: the semantic shift in the perfects from anterior to preterital meaning. What can be concluded from these three successive instances of diffusion in the history of the perfect is that contact should be regarded as one of the essential “multiple sources” of innovation, and as a fundamental explanatory mechanism for language change.

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Belingar, Eda. "From the Bank of Italy to the administrative unit." Kronika 70, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.56420/kronika.70.2.07.

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The construction of the Palace of the Bank of Italy, now Gregorčičev drevored 3 in Postojna commenced in the summer of 1924. It was implemented by the Trieste-based Doria & Oblach company in accordance with the preliminary project prepared by the technical office of the Bank of Italy’s central management and in congruence with the sketches provided by the local technical management. After interruptions in the winters of 1925 and 1926, the construction was completed in the summer of 1927. Trieste’s branch office of the Bank of Italy in Postojna opened its door to the public on the 15th of October in 1927. This article describes the construction process and procedures following the opening, related to the abandonment of the building’s original use and its passing through the hands of different institutions. The article is based on obtained archival sources as well as the author’s own observations made during the renovation works performed in 2020 and 2021, in which she took part as the responsible conservator.

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Tomić, Ognjen. "Examples of informal practices in Yugoslavia’s trade relations with Italy in the 1960s and 1970s." Tokovi istorije 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2022.3.tom.175-198.

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The article deals with the issue of informal practices in Yugoslavia using examples of these practices in trade with Italy in the 1960s and early 1970s. Th e subject of the analysis is the re-export activity of Yugoslav companies, and various other illegal activities used by companies to achieve a better placement of their goods in another country, regardless of whether the state tacitly supported these activities or fought them. Th e research is based on documents from the Archive of Yugoslavia, media sources and literature.

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Delluniversità, Emanuela, Ignazio Allegretta, Italo M. Muntoni, Massimo Tarantini, Roberto Terzano, and Giacomo Eramo. "Distribution and compositional fingerprints of primary and secondary chert sources in Northern Apulia (Italy)." Journal of Cultural Heritage 42 (March 2020): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.09.008.

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Enzi, Silvia, Mirca Sghedoni, and Chiara Bertolin. "Temperature Reconstruction for North-Eastern Italy over the Last Millennium: Analysis of Documentary Sources from the Historical Perspective." Medieval History Journal 16, no. 1 (April 2013): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097194581301600104.

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Toomaspoeg, Kristjan. "The nunneries of the Order of St. John in medieval Italy." Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica 27 (December 30, 2022): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.004.

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This paper’s focus is women as professed members of the Order of St John in Italy, as documented in cities such as Milan, Florence, Venice, Genova, Monteleone di Spoleto, Perugia, Penne and Sovereto. The adherence of women to the Order came under several institutional forms. Some women were laypeople, associated consorores who carried out the Order’s activities, sometimes working in its hospitals. Others lived in the houses of the Order of St John, where they could also take the vows, with consequent formation of “mixed” convents or monasteries. But in some cases, separate nunneries were created or assimilated from other communities. Some historians have seen a different evolution from the initial vocation of women, which consisted of field activities in support of the poor and the sick, and would later become a strictly cloistered life. This change can be observed by examining the biographies of the two Italian female Hospitaller saints, Ubaldesca and Toscana. Yet, local development varied, and the situation in an important city like Florence differed from nunneries in smaller localities like Sovereto or Penne. Finally, several interesting sources allow us a glimpse of the spirituality and norms in those women’s daily lives compared to male religiosity. The medieval Italian nunneries of St John never became an autonomous branch of the Order, but at the same time, they were not a rare or exceptional phenomenon.

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Amoruso, Antonella, Luca Crescentini, and Ilaria Sabbetta. "Paired deformation sources of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) required by recent (1980-2010) deformation history." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119, no. 2 (February 2014): 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010392.

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Lizzi, Rita. "Ambrose's Contemporaries and the Christianization of Northern Italy." Journal of Roman Studies 80 (November 1990): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300285.

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The question of the Christianization of Italy in the late fourth century has been much discussed in the recent past, but it has rarely been approached at local level, despite the fact that focusing upon local situations, where a wealth of material is available, makes it easier to follow the interplay between paganism and Christianity.The geographical area broadly corresponding to Northern Italy offers a vast body of material, especially from the second half of the fourth to the first half of the fifth century. There are enough archaeological and epigraphic sources for us to get an idea of the changes in urban organization brought about by Christianity. In terms of literary sources, the North of Italy is a privileged region (as are Cappadocia at the time of Basil and the two Gregories and Syria at the time of John Chrysostom and Theodoret of Cyrrhus) in that we have the sermons of a number of bishops who were very close to Ambrose, Bishop of Milan. These texts have been used to study the economy of the region but they are also basic for elucidating Christian doctrine and practice at the time of Ambrose.

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BINDA, VERONICA, and ELISABETTA MERLO. "Trends in the Fashion Business: Spain and Italy in Comparison, 1973–2013." Enterprise & Society 21, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2019.29.

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This article investigates the dynamics that characterized the top fashion industry companies in Italy and Spain in the last three decades of the twentieth century and the first thirteen years of the new millennium. The first section describes the sources and the methodology adopted. The second compares the features and transformations of the largest firms in the industry. The third focuses on these companies in 2013. The fourth discusses our findings, focusing on the impact that globalization and a possible “advantage of backwardness” had on the emergence of Italy and Spain as trendsetters.

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Robinson, Michele Nicole. "Dirty Laundry: Caring for Clothing in Early Modern Italy." Costume 55, no. 1 (March 2021): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cost.2021.0180.

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Personal linens were key components of early modern health regimens. When they were visibly clean and bright white, linen shirtsleeves, collars and cuffs communicated the cleanliness of the wearer's body, as well as the state of their mind, morals and spirit. These functional garments and accessories could also be fashionable, especially when decorated with ruffles, lace and embroidery. Linens thus communicated hygienic, social, moral and financial information, which was generated by and reliant upon processes of laundry. This article explores some of these processes, especially as they pertain to linen shirts, cuffs and ruffs owned by non-elite people living in northern Italian cities. It brings archival, visual and material sources together with evidence generated through the re-creation of early modern processes of caring for clothing to show how ‘doing the laundry’ imparted linens with social and financial meanings and values.

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Aron-Beller, Katherine. "Outside the Ghetto: Jews and Christians in the Duchy of Modena." Journal of Early Modern History 17, no. 3 (2013): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342368.

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Abstract Historians have in the past concentrated their studies of early modern Jewish life on the main city-states of Northern Italy where the largest Jewish communities existed. These areas have been categorized as territories which absorbed Jewish immigrants, enclosed them in ghettos, and monitored their actions with the creation of specific agencies. My essay turns to Jewish existence in the smaller towns and rural areas of the duchy of Modena in the seventeenth century, and attempts to question how this alienated minority was able to fare in areas which housed no ghettos. Here the political and religious decentralization, particularly in the early seventeenth century, generated retaliatory hostility as well as intimacy between Jews and Christians. Sources for this study will be Inquisitorial documents that concerned professing Jews. These sources, once decoded, provide extraordinarily rich images of daily life and provide a unique picture of social relations between the two religionists.

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Albini, Paola, Roger M. W. Musson, Andrea Rovida, Mario Locati, Antonio A. Gomez Capera, and Daniele Viganò. "The Global Earthquake History." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 2 (May 2014): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/122013eqs297.

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The study of earthquakes from historical sources, or historical seismology, was considered an early priority for the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project, which commissioned a study of historical seismicity on a global scale. This was the Global Earthquake History (GEH) project, led jointly by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV; Milan, Italy) and the British Geological Survey (BGS; UK). GEH was structured around three complementary deliverables: archive, catalog, and the Web infrastructure designed to store both the archive and catalog. The Global Historical Earthquake Archive (GHEA) provides a complete account of the global situation in historical seismology for large earthquakes. From GHEA, the Global Historical Earthquake Catalogue (GHEC v1.0) was derived—a world catalog of earthquakes for the period 1000–1903, with magnitudes of Mw7 and over. Though much remains to be done, the data here presented show that the compilation of both archive and catalog contribute to an improved understanding of the Global Earthquake History.

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Schoolman, Edward M. "Reconceptualizing the Environmental History of Sixth-Century Italy and the Human-Driven Transformations of Its Landscapes." Studies in Late Antiquity 6, no. 4 (2022): 707–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2022.6.4.707.

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For much of Italy, the second half of the sixth century was fraught with danger: sporadic warfare, conquest, pandemic, and climate change, in addition to further crises catalyzed by these events such as famine and economic decline. While the impacts of these events are frequently recorded in written sources, sometimes in parallel with the archaeological records, a different story emerges from the fossil pollen records reflecting the ecology of human-managed landscapes. Taking two sites as case studies, a local perspective from Rieti in central Italy and a larger regional synthesis from Sicily, we see records that demonstrate the impact of different human drivers. The arrival of the Lombards and changing economic and administrative systems were the main factors in the transformation of landscapes during this period as local communities continued the management of their agricultural, pastoral, and silvicultural resources.

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Villari, Giovanni. "A Failed Experiment: The Exportation of Fascism to Albania." Modern Italy 12, no. 2 (June 2007): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940701362698.

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Using Italian and Albanian archive sources, this essay analyses the effectiveness of Italian policy in Albania, during the years of its union with Italy (1939–1943), in the creation of a model Fascist state and in the generation of support for Italy among the Albanian population. Through the creation of party and state structures similar to those in Italy, Fascism intended to give voice to Albanian Nationalist demands, but Italian policy was undermined by a basic defect which helped to cool any initial enthusiasm: the loss of all semblance of Albanian independence and the exploitation of local resources to the benefit of the Italians alone. The Italy-Greece conflict cast a shadow on the Fascist fighting ability which not even the creation of ‘Great Albania’ (thanks to the help of the Germans) removed. As Italy's military fortunes changed for the worse, they were forced to address a growing resistance until the tragic conclusion of 8th September 1943 and the end of the occupation.

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Fortina, Luigi, Andrea G. Capodaglio, and Marco Baldi. "Groundwater Contamination from Agricultural Sources in Northern Italy: Long-Term Monitoring and Mathematical Modelling." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0439.

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The province of Pavia, in Northern Italy, is an intensively cultivated agricultural area with substantial urban development Groundwater supplies constitute almost all the potable water available to the resident population. Concern exists about the fate of herbicides applied to farm fields that have been found in measurable quantities in drinking water supplies. This paper describes at first the general environmental conditions and land use activity pattern in which the diffuse contamination occurs, history of contaminant detection is correlated to external interventions, such as government regulations, and the findings of the monitoring process are then illustrated. A mathematical model of groundwater transport is then illustrated and its predictions are compared with monitoring findings.

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Passerini, Luisa. "A Memory for Women’s History: Problems of Method and Interpretation." Social Science History 16, no. 4 (1992): 669–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016692.

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This essay describes an oral history project that accompanied the establishment of an archive on the history of recent feminism in the region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The archive, which contains both written and oral historical sources, is now in existence at the library of the Bologna’s Women’s Center, the Centro di Documentazione delle Donne. Raffaella Lamberti (1989) has explained why it was politically important for the Women’s Center to establish such an archive. It should be noted that the Centro di Documentazione, since it was officially proposed in March 1982, has been a totally independent institution, although it draws financial and administrative support from the Regional Administration of Emilia-Romagna.

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Lin, Sihong. "Justinian’s Frankish War, 552–ca. 560." Studies in Late Antiquity 5, no. 3 (2021): 403–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2021.5.3.403.

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This article analyzes the aftermath of the Gothic War in northern Italy, particularly the battles between Eastern Roman and Frankish forces. While the initial clashes in 553–54 are well-recorded, only fragmentary information survives for the following years. Justinian’s Frankish War, for lack of a better description, can nonetheless be chronicled if we turn to texts that have rarely been discussed together. By focusing on the sources for the reigns of King Childebert I of Paris (511–58) and King Chlothar I of Soissons (511–61), it is possible to discern how their domestic priorities in Gaul were influenced by their differing relationships with Constantinople. Similarly, the letters of Pope Pelagius I (556–61) are an untapped resource for the empire’s ongoing conflict with the Franks, as his correspondence with Childebert’s kingdom, although largely concerned with the contemporary Three Chapters controversy, nonetheless suggests that the papacy had attempted to ameliorate the damage wrought by Frankish forces in Italy. As a result, although a detailed narrative of the Frankish War cannot be written today, it remains possible to trace the diplomatic and political aspects of the war in Italy and the Merovingian kingdoms. Far from an epilogue to the long-running Gothic War, Justinian’s war with the Franks in the 550s was a significant conflict in its own right, and its consequences need to be examined through a Mediterranean-wide perspective.

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Morgan, Philip. "‘I was there, too’: memories of victimhood in wartime Italy." Modern Italy 14, no. 2 (May 2009): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940902797395.

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This article looks at the contribution that the recording of personal memories makes to the history and to the collective and public remembrance of the Second World War in Italy. It concentrates on a product of the 1980s boom in oral and written testimonies about the war, Giulio Bedeschi's edited anthology of the personal stories of civilian victims, Fronte italiano: c'ero anch'io. La popolazione in guerra. The article assesses the anthology's theme of victimhood and its implications for how Italians have chosen to remember the war. It considers the standing of these personal memories as historical sources, and the extent to which they can contribute to a historical understanding of the Italians’ war experiences.

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Dechert, Michael S. A. "The Military Architecture of Francesco di Giorgio in Southern Italy." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990475.

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The role of Francesco di Giorgio (1439-1501) in developing the forms of artillery fortification marking the transition from late medieval defenses to the mature bastioned forts of the 16th century is becoming clearer as additional research has enhanced our knowledge of the chronology of his interventions, the maturation of design elements, and the interlocking personal, institutional, and political factors in his work for the Aragonese Kingdom of Naples. These efforts by Francesco di Giorgio and his associates focused on Naples, Otranto, Gallipoli, Taranto, Manfredonia, Monte Sant'Angelo, Reggio Calabria, Ortona, Matera, and Brindisi. Archival sources, investigation of the sites, and surviving graphic materials contribute substantially to identifying this "school" of military architects and the evolution of design brought about by the technological challenge of gunpowder, firearms, and siege artillery.

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Álvarez-Martínez-Iglesias, José María, Jesús Molina-Saorín, Francisco Javier Trigueros-Cano, and Pedro Miralles-Martínez. "The Development of Historical Competencies in Secondary Education: A Study Based on the Analysis of Sources in Spanish and Italian History Textbooks." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 20, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.4.8.

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This work presents the results of research whose main objective was to analyze the sources present in Geography and History textbooks used in Spain and Italy in secondary education, as well as how they were designed for use by the teaching staff of this subject. This research was carried out for the benefit of teachers and for the improvement of the teaching-learning process. The sample was configured on the basis of a rigorous analysis of textbooks belonging to relevant publishers in Spain and Italy, whose selection was made using a quantitative and descriptive research method based on the interpretative paradigm, with the help of an SPSS statistical program. As for the main results obtained, the data indicated that the tasks requested from students (based on the use or analysis of sources) are of a low cognitive level, which makes it difficult to learn critical and reflective historical thinking. Finally, it was concluded that for students to strengthen the development and acquisition of critical thinking, the use of textbooks must be integrated with other, more active resources and more participatory teaching strategies, putting both competency-based teaching and its assessment in quarantine.

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Sogacheva, L., A. Hamed, M. C. Facchini, M. Kulmala, and A. Laaksonen. "Relation of air mass history to nucleation events in Po Valley, Italy, using back trajectories analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (November 13, 2006): 11209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-11209-2006.

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Abstract. In this paper, we study the transport of air mass to San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) in Po Valley, Italy, by means of back trajectory analysis. Our main aim is to investigate whether air masses originate from different regions on nucleation event days and on nonevent days, during three years when nucleation events have been continuously recorded at SPC. The results indicate that nucleation events occur frequently in air masses arriving form Central Europe, whereas event frequency is much lower in air transported from southern directions and from the Atlantic Ocean. We also analyzed the behaviour of meteorological parameters during 96 h transport to SPC, and found that on average, event trajectories undergo stronger subsidence during the last 12 h before the arrival at SPC than nonevent trajectories. This causes a reversal in the temperature and relative humidity (RH) differences between event and nonevent trajectories: between 96 and 12 h back time, temperatures are lower and RH's higher for event than nonevent trajectories and between 12 and 0 h vice versa. Boundary layer mixing is stronger along the event trajectories compared to nonevent trajectories. The absolute humidity (AH) is similar for the event and nonevent trajectories between about 96 h and about 60 h back time, but after that, the event trajectories AH becomes lower due to stronger rain. We also studied transport of SO2 to SPC, and conclude that although sources in Po Valley most probably dominate the measured concentrations, certain Central and Eastern European sources can also have a non-negligible contribution.

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Sogacheva, L., A. Hamed, M. C. Facchini, M. Kulmala, and A. Laaksonen. "Relation of air mass history to nucleation events in Po Valley, Italy, using back trajectories analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 3 (February 15, 2007): 839–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-839-2007.

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Abstract. In this paper, we study the transport of air masses to San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) in Po Valley, Italy, by means of back trajectories analysis. Our main aim is to investigate whether air masses originate over different regions on nucleation event days and on nonevent days, during three years when nucleation events have been continuously recorded at SPC. The results indicate that nucleation events occur frequently in air masses arriving from Central Europe, whereas event frequency is much lower in the air transported from southern directions and from the Atlantic Ocean. We also analyzed the behaviour of meteorological parameters during 96 h transport to SPC, and found that, on average, event trajectories undergo stronger subsidence during the last 12 h before the arrival at SPC than nonevent trajectories. This causes a reversal in the temperature and relative humidity (RH) differences between event and nonevent trajectories: between 96 and 12 h back time, temperature is lower and RH is higher for event than nonevent trajectories and between 12 and 0 h vice versa. Boundary layer mixing is stronger along the event trajectories compared to nonevent trajectories. The absolute humidity (AH) is similar for the event and nonevent trajectories between about 96 h and about 60 h back time, but after that, the event trajectories AH becomes lower due to stronger rain. We also studied transport of SO2 to SPC, and conclude that although sources in Po Valley most probably dominate the measured concentrations, certain Central and Eastern European sources also make a substantial contribution.

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Simoni, Paolo. "Eyewitnesses of History." VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 4, no. 8 (December 30, 2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2015.jethc092.

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The role of amateur cinema as archival material in Italian media productions has only recently been discovered. Italy, as opposed to other European countries, lacked a local, regional and national policy for the collection and preservation of private audiovisual documents, which led, as a result, to the inaccessibility of the sources. In 2002 the Archivio Nazionale del Film di Famiglia (Italy’s Amateur Film Archive), founded in Bologna by the Home Movies Association, became the reference repository of home movies and amateur cinema, promoting the availability of a cultural heritage that had previously been neglected. Today, it preserves about 5,000 hours of footage, contributes to documentary film productions and acts as a cultural and production center. The impact factor of the Home Movies Archive on the Italian audiovisual scenario and the sustainable perspectives strengthen the awareness that amateur film offers new opportunities to discover and represent the past from a different perspective, the one of an eyewitness “from below”. The article overviews the European and Italian discovery of amateur cinema as historical source from the seventies, and some cases from the Italian panorama during the last fifteen years, which powerfully raised the attention on home movies and amateur archive material.

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Rabil, Albert. "“Una Città Infetta”: La repubblica di Lucca nella crisi religiosa del cinquecento. By Simonetta Adorni-Braccesi. Studi e testi per la storia religosa del cinquecento 5. Florence, Italy: Leo S. Olschki, 1994. xvi + 414 pp." Church History 64, no. 2 (June 1995): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167939.

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Falciola, Luca. "Transnational Relationships between the Italian Revolutionary Left and Palestinian Militants during the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00966.

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This article examines the transnational ties between the Italian revolutionary left and Palestinian militants from the mid-1960s through the early 1980s. Some observers have cited these connections to explain the magnitude of Italian terrorism in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, in the absence of empirical research, the issue has remained murky. The archival sources and detailed interviews with protagonists used in the article shed light on this phenomenon by addressing four questions: first, the reception of the Palestinian cause within the Italian revolutionary left; second, the way Palestinian terrorist groups established roots in Italy and how the political context facilitated those efforts; third, the interactions between Italian and Palestinian militants both in Italy and in the Middle East; and fourth, the factors that strengthened or weakened the relationships between these entities. The evidence indicates that although Italian revolutionaries forged concrete ties with Palestinian militants and terrorists, these ties were not as extensively developed as some of the Italian leftists had hoped. The interactions encouraged radicalization but did not significantly foster violent escalation and terrorism in Italy.

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Chelotti, Nicola. "Italy seen through British eyes: a European middle power?" Modern Italy 15, no. 3 (August 2010): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2010.490340.

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This article analyses the British perceptions of contemporary Italy and Italian politics. Through the use of a number of sources (parliamentary debates, governmental documents, newspaper articles and interviews) it argues that Italy is not perceived, within Great Britain, as a great power within the European system nor it is viewed as a peripheral actor. Rather, it suggests that Italy seems to have finally found in the post-Cold War scenario its proper role–a European middle power, with important responsibilities within a regional sub-system. A frequent request–and expectation–coming from British politics and society is that Italy should take on more international responsibilities, even in the sphere of defence–as the different readings of Italy's role and leadership in Afghanistan and Lebanon reveal. However, Italy's ability to play this role is believed to be hampered by several factors: its uncertain political situation, its unwillingness to engage in military operations, its reluctance to respect international commitments and its structural economic problems. As a result, further possibilities of cooperation with other international partners as well as its potential for autonomous action on the international stage are, in several cases, precluded. Moreover, if the relations between Italy and the UK are usually seen in a positive way, and Italy is viewed as a reliable partner, the nature of the cooperation between the two countries is often considered to be fragile and based on short-term common interests and strategies.

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Armando, Silvia. "Ugo Monneret de Villard (1881–1954) and the Establishment of Islamic Art Studies in Italy." Muqarnas Online 30, no. 1 (January 29, 2014): 35–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-0301p0004.

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Ugo Monneret de Villard was the main Italian scholar of Islamic art in the twentieth century. Where and why did this engineer from Milan start cultivating this interest? How did his work come to be appreciated at the highest academic levels? This article delineates Monneret’s long training through an examination of his readings and writings, travels, and exchanges with other scholars, all of which influenced his working methodology, leading him to archaeological missions in Africa and predisposing his discovery of Islamic art. A fundamental focus is given to the idea of studying Islamic art objects and monuments in Italy. Unpublished archival sources reveal that in the mid-1930s Monneret was the essential point of reference of a group of intellectuals, distant from the academic Scienza ufficiale, whose intention was to promote the study of Islamic art in Italy. These intellectuals had the double goal of instituting a chair of Islamic art and of preserving the Islamic artistic heritage of southern Italy. Newly discovered documents reveal the early civic engagement and nature of a project that manifested itself years later in Monneret’s catalogue “Opere di arte islamica in Italia,” unfortunately still unpublished. The missed opportunity of creating an academic post demonstrates the scant attention given to the discipline by Italian public institutions. On the other hand, Monneret’s original interest in the Cappella Palatina ceilings is seen to be part of his broader project. A fresh look at already known sources allows us to reconstruct the editorial phases of Monneret’s masterpiece and discloses the fundamental role played by American institutions and scholars. Monneret de Villard’s multifaceted scientific profile is the “lens” through which it is possible to examine the history of Islamic art studies in Italy in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Antonelli, Valerio, Raffaele D'Alessio, and Emanuela Mattia Cafaro. "Auditing Practices from a Historical Perspective: The Case Study of an Italian Railroad Company in the Mid-19th Century." Accounting Historians Journal 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10515.

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ABSTRACT From a historic perspective, the origin and evolution of auditing in the private sector is extremely interesting, especially in regard to 19th-century railroad companies. This paper concerns the auditing practices of the Leopolda Railroad Company, which operated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy (1841–1860). Through the use of mainly primary sources, we describe how auditors were selected and hired; their procedures, recommendations, and meetings; and the contents of their reports. This paper makes three contributions to the international literature in accounting history: (1) it is the first paper to present the history of auditing practices in Italy, (2) it broadens literature on external and internal audits in railroad companies, and (3) it supports the assumptions made by many accounting historians about the origin of auditing in industrial capitalism.

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Fagiolo, Sofia. "Promoting the history of medicine through special collections: the experience of Campus Bio-Medico University Library (Rome, Italy)." Journal of EAHIL 17, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32384/jeahil17463.

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Preserving the history of medicine is an important task for health sciences librarians. In this regard, the provision of special collections can play a significative role. This article presents the initiative of the University of Rome Campus Bio-Medico Library (UCBML) in creating valuable sources for the history of medicine through the establishment of several special collections. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of special collections to promote issues relating to the field of medical history.

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Fagiolo, Sofia. "Promoting the history of medicine through special collections: the experience of Campus Bio-Medico University Library (Rome, Italy)." Journal of EAHIL 17, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32384/jeahil17463.

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Preserving the history of medicine is an important task for health sciences librarians. In this regard, the provision of special collections can play a significative role. This article presents the initiative of the University of Rome Campus Bio-Medico Library (UCBML) in creating valuable sources for the history of medicine through the establishment of several special collections. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of special collections to promote issues relating to the field of medical history.

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Visonà, Paolo, and James R. Jansson. "A Greek battleground in southern Italy: new light on the ancient Sagra." Journal of Greek Archaeology 2 (January 1, 2017): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v2i.576.

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In the Battle of the Sagra River, the earliest known battle fought at a river in southern Italy, the army of Locri Epizephyrii (with the support of Rhegion) defeated superior forces of Kroton. This was one of the most salient events in the history of Magna Graecia before the fall of Sybaris in 510 BC. Its significance was magnified throughout the Greek world as an upset victory achieved through supernatural intervention: the Dioscuri were said to have come from Sparta to aid the Locrians. However, no primary sources about this conflict have survived and nothing is known about the topography of the battle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lucca (Italy) History Sources'

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