Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lubricants

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Academic literature on the topic 'Lubricants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lubricants"

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Jung, Yeonjin, and Changdong Yeo. "Mechano-Chemical Properties and Tribological Performance of Thin Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) Lubricant Film under Environmental Contaminants." Lubricants 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11070306.

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Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF potential, the effects of chemical contaminants on the mechano-chemical properties and tribological performance of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants were investigated. For the two types of contaminants, i.e., silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles and water (H2O), their molecular interactions with the two different PFPE lubricants, i.e., Ztetraol and ZTMD, were evaluated at the two different temperatures, i.e., 300 K and 700 K. Contaminants were adsorbed onto the PFPE lubricants at a controlled temperature. Then, air shear simulations were conducted to examine the mechano-chemical behaviors of the contaminated lubricants. Sliding contact simulations were performed to further investigate the tribological performance of the contaminated lubricants, from which the resulting friction and surface contamination were quantified. Lastly, chemical reactions between PFPE lubricants and contaminants were studied to investigate the degradation of PFPE lubricants. It was observed that SiO2 nanoparticles stiffened the PFPE lubricant, which decreased its shear displacement and increased friction. In the case of the H2O contaminant, it weakened and decreased the PFPE lubricant’s viscosity, increasing its shear displacement and lowering friction. However, the decreased viscosity by H2O contaminants can weaken the lubricity of the PFPE lubricant, leading to a higher chance of direct solid-to-solid contact under high contact force conditions.
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Nakamura, Tamotsu, Shigekazu Tanaka, Kunio Hayakawa, and Yoshiaki Fukai. "A Study of the Lubrication Behavior of Solid Lubricants in the Upsetting Process." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 4 (March 22, 2000): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1310159.

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Four kinds of solid lubricants were tested in order to examine the frictional characteristics and the yield shear stress by the friction testing apparatus developed by the authors. The frictional shear stresses τf increased approximate linearly with the punch pressure p in every solid lubricant, and the friction coefficients μ were approximately constant. The yield shear stress k was also increased with the punch pressure p. In order to investigate lubrication behaviors of solid lubricants in upsetting processes, FEM simulations for upsetting of circular plates have been carried out. Some experimental upsetting tests of circular plate were tried using some kinds of solid lubricants. It has been confirmed that the solid lubricants can lubricate successfully without metal-to-metal contact when μD at the interface between tool and solid lubricant is relatively low and μM at the interface between work piece and solid lubricant is relatively high. On the other hand, metal-to-metal contact occurs easily at the peripheral regions of the work piece, when μD is relatively high and μM is relatively low. [S0742-4787(00)00804-3]
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IINO, Shinji. "Lubricants and Lubricant Additives." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 89, no. 10 (2016): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.89.356.

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Zheng, Fa Zheng, Shan Dan Zhou, Feng Xie, Xin Nian Li, and Yu Meng Yu. "Analysis on Lubricating and Viscosity-Temperature Characteristics of the Vegetable Oil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1451.

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The reduction of oil reserves will cause the exhaustion of mineral oil. Therefore, the development of new lubricants that can replace oil-based lubricants has become the trend of the lubricant. The vegetable lubricant is excellently biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable, meanwhile, it will not be impacted by the crisis of oil resources, and the development of new lubricants will surely become the important way to replace the mineral oil-based lubricants. The article Analysis the lubricating and viscosity-temperature characteristics of 15 lubricants, and a comparison with those properties of the mineral oil-based lubricants are performed.
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Li, Yanhong, TianTian Liu, Yujuan Zhang, Pingyu Zhang, and Shengmao Zhang. "Study on the tribological behaviors of copper nanoparticles in three kinds of commercially available lubricants." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2017-0143.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants. Design/methodology/approach A four-ball machine is used to estimate the tribological properties of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants. Three-dimensional optical profiler and electrical contact resistance are evaluated to investigate the morphology of the worn surfaces and the influence of Cu NPs on tribofilms. Findings Wear tests show that the addition of Cu NPs as lubricant additives could reduce wear and increase load-carrying capacity of commercially available lubricants remarkably, indicating that Cu NPs have a good compatibility with the existing lubricant additives in commercially available lubricants. Originality/value The tribological properties of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants were investigated in this paper. These results are reliable and can be very helpful for application of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in industry.
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Gokarn, Narendra, and K. N. Kiran. "Role of Lubricants in Industry: A Review." Journal of ISAS 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.wfjr9779.

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Lubricants are available in our daily lives for functioning as coolants, to dissipate heat and lubricate different surfaces which can be either in solid, liquid or gaseous forms. It reduces friction by the formation of thin film between two surfaces in contact and by improving efficiency and reducing wear. For any system to work efficiently and effectively appropriate lubricant is needed. Fresh lubricating oil needs to meet specifications of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Applying lubricant regularly on tool increases life on usage and durability but a situation comes when the oil starts degrading may be due to depletion of additives or tool break down. Degraded oil is tested by using different physicochemical properties and also by employing different sophisticated analytical techniques like infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas chromatography (GC), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES), etc. In this article, we shall discuss some basics of lubrication, different lubrication regimes and various kinds of lubricants used for various industrial and automotive applications. Some case studies of oil and also their representative formulations, testing and interpretation of results is being presented for understanding of various lubricants.
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Dedi Rosa Putra Cupu and Kahar Osman. "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on the Pressure and Film Thickness for Line Contact Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Using Bio-Based Oils as Lubricants." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 92, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.92.1.90104.

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This paper develops a numerical model to study the effect of lubricant’s temperature on generated pressure and film thickness formation for the line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) using some bio-based oils as lubricants. In this study, a contact between inner ring and cylindrical roller of rolling element bearing is modelled as the line contact of EHL. The Reynolds equation is simultaneously solved with elastic deformation equation and pressure-viscosity equation. This aims to calculate the pressure distributions and film thickness profiles with a range of seven vegetable oils as bio-based lubricants at the various temperature. Moreover, the minimum film thickness is investigated in more detail to show the effect of the lubricant’s temperature. Obtained results show that palm oil has the highest of the minimum film thickness among other vegetable oils. However, all vegetable oils simulated in this study are suitable to replace mineral oil as lubricant for application of roller element bearing.
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Devlin, Mark. "Common Properties of Lubricants that Affect Vehicle Fuel Efficiency: A North American Historical Perspective." Lubricants 6, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6030068.

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The development of advanced lubricants to improve vehicle fuel efficiency can appear to be as simple as lowering the viscosity and frictional properties of a fluid. However, applied research studies have shown that it is quite difficult to quantify the fuel efficiency properties of advanced lubricants in vehicles. A review of the historical research predominantly performed in North America in this area reveals that there are many factors to consider in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of advanced lubricants. First, the methodology used to measure vehicle fuel efficiency will impact the results since there are many factors not related to the lubricant which will influence vehicle fuel efficiency. Second, developing advanced fuel-efficient lubricants under well controlled conditions overlooks the issue that lubricant properties such as viscosity and friction affect the operating conditions encountered by the lubricant in the vehicle. Finally, the physical properties of lubricants that historically control fuel economy do not have the same effect on fuel efficiency in all vehicles. The proper vehicle or system level test needs to be selected to properly assess the benefits of new advanced lubricants.
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Katpatal, Dhananjay C., Atul B. Andhare, and Pramod M. Padole. "Performance of nano-bio-lubricants, ISO VG46 oil and its blend with Jatropha oil in statically loaded hydrodynamic plain journal bearing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 386–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119864242.

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In this experimental study, three stable nano-bio-lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO nanoparticles in three bio-lubricants and later investigations were carried out to determine pressure distribution and frictional performance of ISO VG46 oil, bio-lubricants and nano-bio-lubricants in hydrodynamic journal bearing under different loads and speeds. The experimental results revealed that pressure of oils inside bearing depends on viscosity of oils. Addition of nanoparticles in bio-lubricants did not help to enhance the maximum pressure of oil inside bearing. Frictional performance of ISO VG46 oil and bio-lubricants was according to their viscosity but coefficient of friction of nano-bio-lubricants was higher compared to ISO VG46 oil inspite of having approximately same viscosity compared to ISO VG46 oil. Among all the oils, ISO VG46 oil and bio-lubricant 9010 had similar performance and hence Bio-lubricant 9010 can be used in place of ISO VG46 oil in journal bearing.
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Streator, J. L., B. Bhushan, and D. B. Bogy. "Lubricant Performance in Magnetic Thin Film Disks With Carbon Overcoat—Part II: Durability." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920600.

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Several perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants are evaluated in terms of their ability to maintain low friction and resist wear. The lubricants tested include three nonpolar liquid lubricants and one polar liquid lubricant. Dynamic friction measurements are presented for an IBM 3380-type slider in contact with 130 mm carbon-coated thin film disks. Disk surface run-in and disk durability are evaluated by monitoring the friction force during constant speed sliding. Disk run-in is presented as a function of lubricant thickness and sliding speed, while disk durability is determined for different disk topographies and lubricant thicknesses. It was found that lubricant viscosity was well correlated with the amount of disk run-in and the number of sliding cycles until disk failure. It is proposed that the greater wear durability of the less viscous lubricants can be attributed to their greater mobility on the disk surface.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lubricants"

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Starkey, Michelle. "Biodegradation of lubricants in soil." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413409.

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Mitchell, Karen Claire. "Microencapsulation for next generation lubricants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8758/.

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Lubricants within an engine perform the important tasks of increasing engine efficiency and lifetime of parts, dissipating heat and decreasing fuel consumption. To help lubricating engine oils perform to the best of their ability different chemical additives are blended into the oil; the amount of additives added is dictated by the respective solubilities and the nature of any interactions between different additives. Using a technology already utilised in the pharmaceutical, food and dye industries this work presented in this thesis aims to increase the concentration of one particular additive, a friction modifier (FM), within a model oil. Monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles have been efficiently produced via dispersion polymerisation in a non-aqueous continuous phase and, through the incorporation of a co-solvent within the particle core, the encapsulation of FM inside these particles has been demonstrated. Work has been carried out to determine the factors which can be used to reproducibly synthesise particles to a desirable size and degree of polydispersity. The storage and release of FM from the particle core when it is required is an important consideration in the action of these particles. The rate of release from the core of particles has been studied to demonstrate the ability of these particles to act as a FM reservoir, replenishing the additive as it is consumed. An investigation of the action of particles produced, with and without FM encapsulated, on the tribological behaviour of dodecane has been carried out using a TE77 Cameron Plint tribometer. Analysis of the friction and wear results is presented here and a possible mechanism for the action of the particles in the tribological testing has also been suggested.
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Shetty, Pramod. "Study on Supramolecular Gel Lubricants." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76007.

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Most of the rolling element bearings are lubricated with Grease lubricant. Generally, the grease is expected to serve for life. The major causes of the bearing failure are due to the failure of the lubrication. The grease will experience creeping, oil permeation, oil separation etc. The separated oil will be lost permanently from the bearing. The widely used grease for general application is the lithium grease. The thickener of the grease consists covalent bond. When the grease is sheared, the breakage of the covalent bond will be permanent, resulting in the permanent loss of the rheological properties. The gels have unique properties such as thermal reversibility, viscoelasticity and thixotropy. They become mobile under shear stress and solidify again when the shear stress is removed. This property can be harnessed to avoid the base oil creeping, oil permeation, leakage in gears and bearings. Due to the presence of the polar group in the gels, they form a good tribo film and prevent the wear.  Under the shear stress, weak supramolecular interactions will be distorted, and this leads to the release of the oil and they re-form the structure after a certain period of rest. When the gel is in the solid-state, it will avoid creeping and evaporation. Many classes of gels are either derived from natural sources or from environmentally friendly materials. Thus, the lubricant formed out of gel would effectively solve both environmental as well as lubrication problems. In this work, supramolecular gel lubricants were prepared out of fully green, cellulose derivatives and starch hydrolysates. The non-ionic hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and anionic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) were chosen to understand the effect of ionic and non-ionic gelators on the rheological and the tribological parameters. Traditionally fat was used as a lubricant, now, in food industry various fat replacers are being used. To study whether the fat replacers can act as a thickener, Dextrin and maltodextrins were chosen.  Dextrin and maltodextrin with the different DE values were selected to understand the influence of molecular weight on gelation and tribological performance.  Inspired by the recent developments and advantages of aqueous lubrication, mixer of water and poly(ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG 200) is chosen as the base fluid. It was found that a very small amount of gelator can increase the viscosity of the PEG/water to several orders. The thermal stability of the gels was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and found that gels can increase the thermal stability of the base fluid. FTIR results showed the formation of a non-covalent bond between the PEG molecules and water. It is shown that anionic gelator will result in producing low friction and wear in comparison to non-ionic gelator. The possible tribo-film formation due to the negative charge in the NaCMC molecules is attributed to these results. The very low friction and low wear was exhibited by the dextrin and maltodextrin gels. It is proposed that this could be due to the microspherical particles of gels which can act as nano bearings. It was found that choosing the optimum concentration of the gelator is important to reduce friction and wear. The higher gelator concentration will form the hard gel, which cannot flow and replenish the sliding contact, resulting in the starved lubrication. This will cause high wear and friction. These gel lubricants can be used in food, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.
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Pettersson, Anders. "Environmentally adapted lubricants : properties and performance /." Luleå : Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2006/66/.

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Lanzon, Joseph, and kimg@deakin edu au. "EVALUATING LUBRICANTS IN SHEET METAL FORMING." Deakin University. Department of Science and Engineering, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040428.095238.

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The sheet metal forming process basically involves the shaping of sheet metal of various thickness and material properties into the desired contours. This metal forming process has been extensively used by the automotive industry to manufacture both car panels and parts. Over the years numerous investigations have been conducted on various aspects of the manufacturing process with varied success. In recent years the requirements on the sheet metal forming industry have headed towards improved stability in the forming process while lowering environmental burdens. Therefore the overall aim of this research was to identify a technique for developing lubricant formulations that are insensitive to the sheet metal forming process. Due to the expense of running experiments on production presses and to improve time efficiency of the process the evaluation procedure was required to be performed in a laboratory. Preliminary investigations in the friction/lubricant system identified several laboratory tests capable of measuring lubricant performance and their interaction with process variables. However, little was found on the correlation between laboratory tests and production performance of lubricants. Therefore the focus of the research switched to identifying links between the performance of lubricants in a production environment and laboratory tests. To reduce the influence of external parameters all significant process variables were identified and included in the correlation study to ensure that lubricant formulations could be desensitised to all significant variables. The significant process variables were found to be sensitive to die position, for instance: contact pressure, blank coating of the strips and surface roughness of the dies were found significant for the flat areas of the die while no variables affected friction when polished drawbeads were used. The next phase was to identify the interaction between the significant variables and the main lubricant ingredient groups. Only the fatty material ingredient group (responsible for the formation of boundary lubricant regimes) was found to significantly influence friction with no interaction between the ingredient groups. The influence of varying this ingredient group was then investigated in a production part and compared to laboratory results. The correlation between production performance and laboratory tests was found to be test dependant. With both the Flat Face Friction test and the Drawbead Simulator unaffected by changes in the lubricant formulation, while the Flat Bottom Cup test showing similar results as the production trial. It is believed that the lack of correlation between the friction tests and the production performance of the lubricant is due to the absence of bulk plastic deformation of the strip. For this reason the Ohio State University (OSU) friction test was incorporated in the lubricant evaluation procedure along with a Flat Bottom Cup test. Finally, it is strongly believed that if the lubricant evaluation procedure highlighted in this research is followed then lubricant formulations can be developed confidently in the laboratory.
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Elemsimit, Abdulhamid A. "Industrial bio-lubricants performance and characterization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44064.

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The general trend towards the use of high performance lubricants and environmentally friendly products supports the design of new industrial lubricants. Therefore, there are good practical reasons to extend the research related to lubrication. Bio-oils, as promising growing substitutes for mineral oils, need more research to deal with new and inherited problems. Meanwhile, there is no complete understanding of the lubrication phenomenon, nor a complete rheological characterization of oil lubricants. This research is an effort to study industrial bio-lubricants and to develop a more comprehensive approach, at the same time correlating their rheological and tribological behavior. Different commercial canola oil based lubricants were studied using different techniques. For validation and comparison, engine oil, silicone oil and mineral hydraulic oil were tested. Bio-lubricants exhibited constant viscosity at both moderate and high shear rates and shear thinning at low shear rates and temperatures below 30 degrees Celsius. Frequency sweep tests revealed a significant viscoelasticity of bio-lubricant which developed over time. Time dependence, structure recovery, gap size effect, surfactant behavior, and geometry’s material influence were all investigated. A high pressure cell and a polarized light microscope coupled with the rheometer were used to investigate the bio-lubricants. Thermal analysis was conducted using a differential scanning calorimeter. Several transition points were identified in the range of temperatures from -30 to 100 degrees Celsius, and the results have been connected to the viscoelastic behavior. Different tribological tests were used to investigate the lubricity of lubricants and bio-lubricants added by liquid crystals. The coefficient of friction, at tested temperatures, and the wear rate were observed over time. Adding two percent of ionic liquid crystals improved the wear resistance of the oil, but the bio-lubricant had the lowest coefficient of friction. This research could be considered as pioneer work. An attempt was made to achieve profound perspective matching between rheometry, tribology and thermal analysis. Some assumptions explaining the rheological and tribological behavior were hypothesized and associated with arguments and discussions. Based on, Imaginary scenario of bio-hydraulic oil behavior within a small gap was visualized.
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Liu, Chao. "Multilayer Based Nanogels and Bio-lubricants." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140688.

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Surface chemistry plays an important role in numerous technological innovations, and gives the ability to modify and control surface and interface properties. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly is a simple concept that can provide a route to versatile combination of materials as well as fine control of film thickness, hydrophobicity, thermal, optical and electrical properties. This methodology has thus received attention from both academic and industrial experts. A large variety of polymers, proteins and nanoparticles can be utilized in the LbL process. In my PhD-thesis work I made use of the LbL technique to build surface grafted nanogels and bio-lubricant films. Various surface sensitive techniques have been applied in this PhD thesis work. The three main methods were quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), total internal reflection Raman (TIR-Raman) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In lieu of conventional methods such as reflectometry or ellipsometry, we have combined data obtained from QCM-D and TIR-Raman to gain information on wet and dry LbL films as well as their water content. The relatively new AFM imaging mode known as PeakForce QNM was used to investigate topographical and nano-mechanical properties of LbL films. The colloidal probe technique was implemented with AFM for normal and lateral force measurements. It is becoming increasingly clear that biopolymers are important for a sustainable society since they are renewable, have useful properties and often are environmentally benign. One main part in this thesis work was to fabricate thin chitosan (CHI) nanogels covalently attached to solid surfaces. This was achieved by first assembling a chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) multilayer using silane chemistry and the LbL method. Next, the chitosan molecules were selectively cross-linked in the film, and finally poly(acrylic acid) was (partly) rinsed out of the nanogel. The final composition and the responsiveness of the nanogel to pH and ionic strength changes were found to depend on the cross-linking density. Statistical analysis, known as target factor analysis, was used to analyze TIR Raman spectra and draw conclusions about e.g. the composition of multilayers during the build-up process, and the kinetics of cross-linking of chitosan. The other main part in this thesis work also utilized the LbL methodology, but here the main goal was to gain understanding on the unprecedented lubrication of synovial joints. It is in general terms due to a sophisticated hierarchical structure of cartilage combined with synergistic actions of surface-active components present in the synovial fluid, but many aspects of this fascinating biotribological system remain poorly understood. I focused on the lubricating ability of synovial fluid components, and in particular on the association of two components of the synovial fluid, hyaluronan and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), in bulk solution and at interfaces. We found that hyaluronan associated with DPPC vesicles in bulk and adsorbed to supported DPPC bilayers, and that the LbL method could be utilized for forming composite layers of these two components. These composite layers had very favorable lubrication properties, with a low friction coefficient as low as 0.01, and they were also sufficiently stable to shear and load up to the pressure that broke healthy cartilage.

QC 20140130

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Wright, Michael Alan. "Biodegradation of synthetic ester-based lubricants." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283863.

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Wilson, Lance Jon. "Performance measurements of rail curve lubricants." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16344/7/lj_wilson_Thesis_final.pdf.

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Wear of railroad rolling stock and rails costs millions of dollars annually in all rail systems throughout the world. The rail industry has attempted to address flange wear using rail curve lubricants and presently use a variety of lubricants and lubricant applicators. The choice of lubricant and applicator is currently based on considerations that do not address the wear problem directly. This research quantified rail curve lubricant performance through laboratory simulation. The effects of lubricants in the wheel/rail contact were investigated. Rail curve lubricant performance was measured with a laboratory rail/wheel simulator for the purpose of optimising the choice of lubricant. New methods for measurement of rail curve lubricant performance have been presented. These performance measurements are total absorbed energy, the energy absorbed in the lubricant film instead of being utilised for wear processes; total distance slid, the sliding distance or accumulated strain achieved prior to development of a set tractive force limit; half life of lubricant, the time taken for a lubricant to lose half of its sliding performance; and apparent viscosity, a measure of the lubricity presented with respect to accumulated strain. The rail/wheel simulator used in this research consists of two dissimilar wheels (disks) rotating in contact with one another simulating a conformal gauge corner contact. The first wheel, a simulated rail, is driven by an electric motor which then drives the second wheel, a simulated railroad wheel, through the contact. Hydraulic braking on the railroad wheel is used to simulate the rolling/sliding conditions. The variables of the simulated contact that are controlled with this equipment are normal force, input wheel speed, slip ratio between samples, sample geometries and material properties, and lubricant types. Rail curve lubricants were laboratory tested to define their properties using the ASTM and other appropriate standards. The performance differences measured using ASTM standards based tests were susceptible to repeatability problems and did not represent the contact as accurately as the rail/wheel simulator. This laboratory simulator was used to gather data in lubricated and unlubricated conditions for the purpose of providing lubricant performance measurements. These measurements were presented and the tested lubricants were ranked conclusively using three industrially relevant performance criteria. Total sliding distance and total absorbed energy measurements of the rail curve lubricants displayed clear differences in lubricant performance for both of these criteria. Total sliding distance is equivalent to the number of axles in the field situation, while total absorbed energy is the energy unavailable for wear processes of rails and wheels. Lubricants designed using these measurements will increase lubricant performance with respect to these performance criteria which in turn will reduce wear to both rails and wheels. Measurement of the apparent viscosity of rail curve lubricants, using the rail/wheel simulator, displayed changes in rheological characteristics with respect to accumulated strain. Apparent viscosity is a measure of the shear stress transmitted from the wheels to the rails. Designing a rail curve lubricant after analysing measurements taken from the rail/wheel simulator will assist in identifying lubricant properties to reduce the wear producing shear stresses generated in a rail wheel contact. Decay of lubricant performance was measured for three different rail curve lubricants under simulated conditions. The research found appreciable and quantifiable differences between lubricants. Industrial application of the findings will improve positioning of lubrication systems, improve choice of lubricants and predict effective lubrication distance from the lubricant application point. Using the new methods of lubricant performance measurement developed in this thesis, the objective of this research, to quantify rail curve lubricant performance through laboratory simulation, has been achieved.
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Wilson, Lance Jon. "Performance measurements of rail curve lubricants." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16344/.

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Wear of railroad rolling stock and rails costs millions of dollars annually in all rail systems throughout the world. The rail industry has attempted to address flange wear using rail curve lubricants and presently use a variety of lubricants and lubricant applicators. The choice of lubricant and applicator is currently based on considerations that do not address the wear problem directly. This research quantified rail curve lubricant performance through laboratory simulation. The effects of lubricants in the wheel/rail contact were investigated. Rail curve lubricant performance was measured with a laboratory rail/wheel simulator for the purpose of optimising the choice of lubricant. New methods for measurement of rail curve lubricant performance have been presented. These performance measurements are total absorbed energy, the energy absorbed in the lubricant film instead of being utilised for wear processes; total distance slid, the sliding distance or accumulated strain achieved prior to development of a set tractive force limit; half life of lubricant, the time taken for a lubricant to lose half of its sliding performance; and apparent viscosity, a measure of the lubricity presented with respect to accumulated strain. The rail/wheel simulator used in this research consists of two dissimilar wheels (disks) rotating in contact with one another simulating a conformal gauge corner contact. The first wheel, a simulated rail, is driven by an electric motor which then drives the second wheel, a simulated railroad wheel, through the contact. Hydraulic braking on the railroad wheel is used to simulate the rolling/sliding conditions. The variables of the simulated contact that are controlled with this equipment are normal force, input wheel speed, slip ratio between samples, sample geometries and material properties, and lubricant types. Rail curve lubricants were laboratory tested to define their properties using the ASTM and other appropriate standards. The performance differences measured using ASTM standards based tests were susceptible to repeatability problems and did not represent the contact as accurately as the rail/wheel simulator. This laboratory simulator was used to gather data in lubricated and unlubricated conditions for the purpose of providing lubricant performance measurements. These measurements were presented and the tested lubricants were ranked conclusively using three industrially relevant performance criteria. Total sliding distance and total absorbed energy measurements of the rail curve lubricants displayed clear differences in lubricant performance for both of these criteria. Total sliding distance is equivalent to the number of axles in the field situation, while total absorbed energy is the energy unavailable for wear processes of rails and wheels. Lubricants designed using these measurements will increase lubricant performance with respect to these performance criteria which in turn will reduce wear to both rails and wheels. Measurement of the apparent viscosity of rail curve lubricants, using the rail/wheel simulator, displayed changes in rheological characteristics with respect to accumulated strain. Apparent viscosity is a measure of the shear stress transmitted from the wheels to the rails. Designing a rail curve lubricant after analysing measurements taken from the rail/wheel simulator will assist in identifying lubricant properties to reduce the wear producing shear stresses generated in a rail wheel contact. Decay of lubricant performance was measured for three different rail curve lubricants under simulated conditions. The research found appreciable and quantifiable differences between lubricants. Industrial application of the findings will improve positioning of lubrication systems, improve choice of lubricants and predict effective lubrication distance from the lubricant application point. Using the new methods of lubricant performance measurement developed in this thesis, the objective of this research, to quantify rail curve lubricant performance through laboratory simulation, has been achieved.
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Books on the topic "Lubricants"

1

Torbacke, Marika, Åsa Kassman Rudolphi, and Elisabet Kassfeldt. Lubricants. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118799734.

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F, Babington Mary, Bowman Carol G, Kole Diana E, and Freedonia Group, eds. Lubricants. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting and Exposition (2004 : Toulouse, France), eds. Engine lubricants, effects of fuels & lubricants on automotive devices, and lubricant applications & new test methods. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2004.

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Hayes, Teresa L., and Carissa Richards. Automotive lubricants. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1997.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition (1995 : Toronto, Ont.), eds. Engine lubricants. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1995.

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Hastings, Stephen, Teresa L. Hayes, and Kelly M. Davis. Automotive lubricants. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 1999.

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L, Hayes Teresa, Jellen Christopher H, Bayrer Rebecca L, and Freedonia Group, eds. World lubricants. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 2005.

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Hayes, Teresa L., and Rebecca L. Friedman. Industrial lubricants. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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Baggott, J. E. Biodegradable lubricants. London: Shell, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Solid lubricants. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lubricants"

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Hsu, Chang Samuel, and Paul R. Robinson. "Lubricant Processes and Synthetic Lubricants." In Petroleum Science and Technology, 253–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16275-7_13.

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Betton, C. I. "Lubricants." In Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry, 351–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5472-3_12.

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Camp, Christina M., and Gina M. Wingood. "Lubricants." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 730–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_244.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "lubricants." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 108. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_806.

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Betton, C. I. "Lubricants." In Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry, 367–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1447-1_10.

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Titow, W. V. "Lubricants." In PVC Plastics, 294–312. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3834-5_7.

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Betton, C. I. "Lubricants." In Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry, 439–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24334-4_13.

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Mang, Theo. "Forming Lubricants." In Lubricants and Lubrication, 639–780. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645565.ch15.

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Fritz Klocke, E. h., and Aaron Kuchie. "Cooling Lubricants." In Manufacturing Processes 2, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92259-9_5.

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Carter, B. H. "Marine lubricants." In Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 287–305. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1021-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lubricants"

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Sherman, John V. "Water Soluble, Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants in Stern Tube Applications." In SNAME 14th Propeller and Shafting Symposium. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/pss-2015-012.

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Stern tube lubricants; used to lubricate the bearings that support the vessel propeller shaft in the stern tube, are continuously lost to the marine environment while the ship is moving under power. Although the specific amount of lubricant lost in a stern tube application is dependent on the particular stern tube system and vessel type, many reports support the fact that lubricant loss through vessel stern tubes is by far the greatest source of lubricant ingression into the environment of all vessel lubricant applications incidental to their operation. Historically, stern tube lubricants have been based on mineral oil but recently synthetic, environmentally acceptable stern tube lubricants have been made available. The U.S. EPA Vessel General Permit for Discharges Incidental to the Normal Operation of Vessels (VGP) revised in 2013, mandated the use of environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) for all oil-to-sea interface applications in vessels constructed on or after December 19, 2013 and all vessels built before December 19, 2013 unless technically infeasible. The VGP specifically defines stern tube lubrication as an oil-to-sea interface application. One type of EAL recommended by the U.S. EPA to replace mineral oil in all oil-to-sea interface applications is based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG) base stocks. PAG based lubricants offer a unique combination of performance and environmental properties.
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Bardetsky, Alexander, Helmi Attia, and Mohamed Elbestawi. "Evaluation of Tool Wear Suppressive Ability of Lubricants Usein in Minimum Quantity Lubrication Application in High Speed Machining of Cast Aluminum Alloys." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80597.

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The disadvantages of conventional metalworking fluids such as disposal problems, health problems and economic factors have led to the development of strategies to reduce their amount in metalworking. Recently, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) technology was developed and it seems to be a suitable alternative for economically and environmentally compatible production. It combines the functionality of lubrication with an extremely low consumption of lubricant and has a potential to replace metalworking fluids application in machining operations. The MQL lubricants are formulated with two major groups of additives; anti-wear (AW) additives and extreme pressure (EP) additives. When such lubricants are applied to the cutting zone, protective layers are formed on the interacting surfaces of the workpiece and the cutting tool. These layers prevent direct contact between the tool and chip surfaces, and, therefore reduce friction forces and tool wear. In order to utilize MQL to its full potential, it is essential to select appropriate lubricant composition for particular work material and machining parameters. The experimental study of different compositions of MQL lubricants is reported. The effectiveness of the lubricants are determined in terms of their ability to protect the cutting tool in high speed machining of cast aluminum alloys, which are widely used in automotive industry. The main objective of this research is to quantitatively evaluate the ability of lubricant’s additive composition to reduce the tool wear. This is reached through the comparison between the tool wear rate measured during the machining of aluminum cast alloy with the application of MQL, and the tool wear rate obtained in dry machining of the same alloy. Two kinds of the lubricants are evaluated; vegetable and synthetic. The content of AW and EP additives in each kind of lubricant was varied on three levels in order to capture the effect of the lubricant’s composition on tool wear. The result of the MQL lubricants evaluation is discussed and the recommendations for optimal lubricant composition are made.
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Nixon, Harvey P. "Methods for Assessing the Bearing Surface Durability Performance of Lubricant Formulations." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64090.

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Lubricant formulations and lubricant additives have been demonstrated to have a major impact on the surface durability of rolling element bearings. However, there are very few standard tests used to assess the performance aspects of lubricants as it relates to bearing surface performance. Lubricant formulations have been slanted heavily toward protecting gear concentrated contacts from galling and wear. In addition, much of the performance differentiation of lubricants has been dependent on highly accelerated standardized laboratory tests related to gears. Methods have been developed for properly evaluating a lubricant’s performance characteristics as it relates to bearings. These methods are explained and the corresponding test results are reviewed to show their effectiveness as a lubricant performance evaluation tool. The implications of these findings provide direction and suggestions for ways to minimize or avoid potential detrimental performance effects of lubricant formulations on rolling element bearings.
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Macaudière, Sylvie, Gustavo D. Rolotti, and Pierre Sanvi. "Refrigeration Lubricants for R-407C." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1013.

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Abstract Miscibility between refrigerants and lubricants has long been considered essential to the refrigeration cycle. Many compounds that have been proposed for use as lubricants for hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have polar molecular structures in order to be fully miscible with the refrigerants. However, it seems difficult for these lubricants to maintain long term durability in rotary compressors when R-407C is used. In order to overcome the durability problem, a new type of lubricant has been developed that sacrifices some of its miscibility in return for better anti-wear properties. This paper presents new methods for selecting the best lubricant for future air conditioning applications.
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Bukhawwah, Munirah, and Sarah Alrammah. "Laboratory Evaluation Comparison Study Between the Performance of Fatty Acid Solid Lubricant and Liquid Lubricant." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22590-ms.

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Abstract High torque and friction factors are major challenges while drilling. Providing lubrication helps in reducing torque and drag and increasing rate of penetration (ROP) in water-based fluids and produced water. The lubricants are inert hence, they do not react with other fluid additives or cuttings and will not affect fluid rheology. All Lubricants in the oil and gas industry are in liquid form and usually used to reduce torque and decrease coefficients of friction, they came in different chemical compositions a toxic lubricant mineral oil and non-toxic vegetable lubricants, and they have many papers talk about how they function as lubricants, but with a new generation of solids lubricants, it will be changing the whole industry. Powdered encapsulated lubricant additive comprises a liquid lubricant blended with an inert solid substrate. The solid lubricant additive compositions thus, obtained are advantageously employed in drilling fluids. Fatty acid solid lubricant is one of the aforementioned powdered lubricants. It is a dry form encapsulated lubricant composed of micronized capsules containing oil that remains held until sufficient operational pressure, friction, or shear break the encapsulation to release the oil on demand. In this paper, we present a testing plan, lab results of fatty acid solid lubricant, compare and contrast results with liquid lubricants that had the same component group in three types of salts (brine) to see the range of efficiency between solid and liquid forms.
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Yanagisawa, Kenji, Youichi Kawakubo, and Masato Yoshino. "Depletion of Moleculary Thin Lubricant Under Flying Head in Hard Disk Drives." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44224.

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In Hard Disk Drives, lubricants are very important materials to reduce head and disk wear. Therefore, it is necessary to know the lubricant depletion under flying heads. Lubricant depletion due to flying heads has been studied experimentally. We developed simulation program to calculate numerically the change in lubricant thickness under a flying head on a thin-film magnetic disk from 10nm thick lubricant film. In recent HDDs, the lubricants thickness has become molecularly thin and polar lubricants have been used. In this paper, we took account of thickness-dependent lubricants diffusion and viscosity in our simulations to calculate a 1.2 nm thick polar lubricant film used in recent HDDs. The simulated results considering the thickness-dependent diffusion and viscosity showed that depletion was small in molecularly thin lubricant films. We considered it necessary to include thickness-dependent diffusion and viscosity in lubricant depletion simulation.
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Miller, Mark. "Innovations in high performance, environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) in lubricant applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/beke5972.

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Miller, Mark. "Innovations in High Performance, Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs) in Lubricant Applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nahb2135.

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Green initiatives are everywhere. Bio-fuels, wind energy, renewable fibers are just a few of the environmental initiatives that have recently made headlines. Meanwhile some of the greatest innovations have been in the development and utilization of high performance, environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs). This paper/presentation focuses on the innovations, features, benefits, strengths and limitation of the different types of EALs. It explores classification of base fluids and additives as well as the requirements of finished lubricants. It compares the performance of conventional petroleum products and bio-lubricants. The different definitions of environmental acceptability why that is important will be explored. The regulatory driving forces will be identified as well as the requirements for each. The considerations for choosing the type of EAL that is most applicable to specific applications will be studied. Finally, the best maintenance practices to ensure long fluid and equipment life will be discussed.
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KOROBKO, E. V., Z. A. NOVIKOVA, N. A. BEDZIK, V. L. BASINUK, A. V. IVAHNIK, and V. A. MANSUROV. "ELECTROSENSITIVE LUBRICANTS." In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on ERMR 2006. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771209_0032.

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Cooper, Sean P., Zachary K. Browne, Sulaiman A. Alturaifi, Olivier Mathieu, and Eric L. Petersen. "Auto-Ignition of Gas Turbine Lubricating Oils in a Shock Tube Using Spray Injection." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14987.

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Abstract In choosing the lubricating oil for a gas turbine system, properties such as viscosity, viscosity index, corrosion prevention, and thermal stability are chosen to optimize turbine longevity and efficiency. Another property that needs to be considered is the lubricant’s reactivity, as the lubricant’s ability to resist combustion during turbine operation is highly desirable. In evaluating a method to define reactivity, the extremely low vapor pressure of these lubricants makes conventional vaporization by heating impractical due to the high temperatures and fuel cracking as well as issues with preferential vaporization. To this end, a new experiment was designed and tested to evaluate the reactivity of lubricating oils using an existing shock-tube facility at Texas A&M University equipped with an automotive fuel injector. This experiment disperses a pre-measured amount of lubricant into a region of high-temperature air to study auto-ignition. To ensure proper dispersal, a laser extinction diagnostic was used to measure the lubricant particles behind the reflected shock as they are dispersed and vaporized. An OH* chemiluminescence diagnostic measuring light emitted during combustion at around 306 nm was used to determine ignition delay time. Pressure was also measured at the sidewall and endwall positions for test repeatability and exothermicity of the experiments. The methods were validated by conducting experiments with ethanol and comparing the results to previous heated shock-tube experiments conducted in the same facility. Using this method, various 32-, 36-, and 46-weight lubricants identified as widely used in the gas turbine industry were tested. Experiments were conducted in post-reflected shock conditions around 1370K (2006 °F) and 1.2 atm, where ignition delay time, peak OH* emission and time-to-peak values were recorded and compared. Ignition was observed for all but one of the lubricants at these conditions, and mild to strong ignition was observed for the other lubricants with varying ignition delay times.
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Reports on the topic "Lubricants"

1

Qu, J., and M. B. Viola. Ionic Liquids as Novel Lubricants and /or Lubricant Additives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1105992.

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Archer, Lynden. Tethered Lubricants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1093593.

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Lagow, R. J. Synthesis of new high performance lubricants and solid lubricants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5524816.

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Lagow, R. J. Synthesis of new high performance lubricants and solid lubricants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6889320.

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Lagow, Richard J. Synthesis of new high performance lubricants and solid lubricants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/761795.

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Clifton, W. B., and A. Beitelman. Lubricants for Hydraulic Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada213260.

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Cavestri, R. C. Compatibility of lubricant additives with HFC refrigerants and synthetic lubricants. Final report, Part 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510311.

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Dugger, M. T., J. K. J. Panitz, and C. W. Vanecek. Electrophoretically-deposited solid film lubricants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/82450.

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Lynden A. Archer. Tethered Lubricants for Small Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862128.

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Pate, M. B., S. Zoz, and L. Berkenbosch. Materials compatibility and lubricants research on CFC-refrigerant substitute: Miscibility of lubricants with refrigerants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5187145.

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