Journal articles: 'Lube oils additives'

1

Sadykhov, K. I., A. N. Agaev, Z. D. Ibragimov, S. M. Velieva, and �. K. Soltanova. "Sulfonate additives for lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 29, no. 10 (October 1993): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00724106.

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Zeinalova, G. A., A. K. Kyazim-Zade, �. A. Nagieva, A. Kh Mamedova, and R. A. Mamedova. "Ashless dithiophosphate additives for lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 29, no. 4 (April 1993): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00727388.

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Abdullaev, N. G., G. R. Gasan-zade, A. G. Rzaeva, and A. A. Makhmudov. "Production of multifunctional additives for lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 22, no. 4 (April 1986): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00719225.

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Tupotilov, N. N., V. V. Ostrikov, and A. Yu Kornev. "Finely disperse minerals as antiwear additives for lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 44, no. 1 (January 2008): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-008-0012-7.

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Trofimov, V. A., V. G. Spirkin, and A. A. Bocharov. "Phenylacetothioamides as antiwear and anticorrosive additives to lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 35, no. 5 (September 1999): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02694055.

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Kozytskyi, S. V. ,., and S. V. Kiriian. "SELF-ORGANIZATION OF NANO-SIZED METALCONTAINING LUBRICANT ADDITIVES." SHIP POWER PLANTS 44, no. 1 (May 8, 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf44.2022.20-27.

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Effective lubrication between rubbing surfaces is required to reduce friction and wear. Conventional lube oils traditionally contain a package of additives that significantly improve their tribological properties. Antiwear and load-carrying additives improve boundary lubrication and reduce wear of the rubbing surfaces due to the formation of quasi-liquid crystalline layers on them [1]. Such structured layers with molecular ordering determine the tribological characteristics of the friction units

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Lashkhi, V. L., G. I. Shor, I. A. Buyanovskii, L. V. Borenko, and S. D. Likhterov. "Certain relationships governing the selection of antifriction additives for lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 21, no. 5 (May 1985): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00724250.

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Malinowska, Małgorzata. "The Full or Partial Replacement of Commercial Marine Engine Oil with Bio Oil, on the Example of Linseed Oil." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0066.

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Abstract The bio-oils are considered to sustainable, alternative and environmentally friendly source of lubricants compared to commercial engine oils, on the base a mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic. They are obtained from natural raw material (vegetable or animal oils), which are renewable and non-toxic to humans, living organisms and environment. The vegetable oils called green oils, natural oils, bio-oils or natural esters. They can be obtained from plant seeds, that may be consumed – edible oils (for instance: rapeseed oil) or which cannot be consumed – inedible (for example: linseed oil). The conducted research into linseed oil and its different quantity additives (25% and 50%) to commercial marine mineral oil intended for a medium-speed 4-stroke, trunk marine engine (i.e. Marinol RG 1240). The flash point and dependence of viscosity and temperature were compared and assess. It has been proven that vegetable oils have a high ignition temperature and very small viscosity change in the range of temperatures presented, i.e. high viscosity index. According to the results, it can be recommended the addition of 25% linseed oil in the base lubricant is the relevant for lubricating a medium speed 4-stroke marine engine. The vegetable additives can improve a viscosity index a lube oil, and they will be positively affected environmental protection.

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Nandi, Manishita, and Pranab Ghosh. "Evaluation and Synthesis of Environmentally Benign Multifunctional Additives for Lube Oil." Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 14, no. 1 (February 3, 2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1284.

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Behenyl acrylate (BA) homo-polymer and its copolymers with citral were synthesized with varying percentage compositions (w/w) and subjected to thorough characterization through GPC (gel permeation chromatography) analysis and spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, NMR). The polymers' capability was assessed through viscosity index improvers/viscosity modifiers (VII or VM), anti wear (AW) additives and pour point depressants (PPD) for base oils (lubricating oil). The action mechanism of the PPD properties was investigated through photomicrographic analysis. Additionally, the thermal stability of the polymers was measured using TGA or thermo gravimetric analysis. Biodegradability tests on copolymers were conducted using soil burial test (SBT) and the Disc Diffusion (DD) method. The copolymers exhibited exceptional PPD, VII, and AW performance when incorporated into lubricating oil.

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Akhmedov, A. I., Z. A. Lachinova, D. Sh Gamidova, and E. U. Isakov. "Co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates and vinyl monomers as viscosity additives for lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 43, no. 4 (July 2007): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-007-0056-0.

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Adewole, Olojede, Owolabi, and Obisesan. "Characterization and Suitability of Reclaimed Automotive Lubricating Oils Reprocessed by Solvent Extraction Technology." Recycling 4, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030031.

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: The increase in the generation of used automotive lubricating oils is an issue of growing concern, especially in developing countries. Most used oil contains degraded additives and its indiscriminate disposal causes environmental degradation and pollution. This study investigates the characteristics of the reclaimed oil obtained by solvent extraction technology. It further evaluates the suitability of the reclaimed oil for reuse, by comparing its properties with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) quality standards for lube oils. Three samples of used engine oils were collected, recycled and analyzed. Results from this study and other similar studies indicated that the flashpoint is below the SAE specifications. Viscosity index and kinematic viscosity at 40 and 100 °C are found above the SAE specifications. The pour point of the reclaimed oil is found below the standard values while the specific gravity concurs with the SAE standards. Total acid and total base numbers of the reclaimed oil indicated a low acid concentration. The study suggests an improvement on the flash point and the viscosity of the reclaimed oils for better lubricating performance in the automotive engines.

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Hathal, Mustafa M., Hasan Sh Majdi, Issam K. Salih, and Rusul A. Rasool. "Lube Oil Performance Enhancement Using Nano-Polymers Additives during Copolymerization Reaction." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 10, no. 2 (October 20, 2023): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol10i2id294.

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Under the parameters of normal engine operation, lubricating oil typically experience periodic shifts in its viscosity. Because of this, engine oils often include polymeric additives that are referred to as viscosity modifiers. The oil is able to give acceptable fluid lubrication at extreme temps due to these additives, which are oil-soluble polymers. The aim of present work to use polymers in form of nano-composites such as Styrene, Octadecyl-methacrylate (ODMC) and Dodecyle-methcrylate (DDMC) for lube oil viscosity index and pour point enhancement during copolymerization reaction. The benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. Solubilizes were made using SN-150 mineral base oil from the Al-Dorha refineries in Baghdad, which had a viscosity index of 128, and a viscosity range of 0 to 100°C. Styrene and methacrylate monomer combinations were copolymerized in an SN-150 mineral base oil solution in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-80°C. A 200 mm3 oil glass reactor fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was used to conduct the reactions. Five percent by weight of the total monomer was the concentration used. With respect to the monomers, the initiator concentration was 1.0% wt. Seven hours are needed for the whole reaction cycle. The copolymer composition was modified from 5 to 25% wt.% styrene by changing the monomer combination ratio. The advanced statistical analysis is performed to find the optimum conditions by mean of surface response and multiple regression using MINITAB. The optimization finding is obtained at Styrene of 5%, DDMC of 18% and ODMC of 18%, which promotes viscosity index of 197 leading to 51% enhancement in Al-Dora lube oil.

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Kozytskyi, S. V., and S. V. Kiriian. "EFFECTIVENESS OF NANODISPERSED SUBSTANCES UTILIZATION IN SHIP’S MECHANISMS." Ship power plants 39, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf39.2019.101-106.

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The history of civilization is inseparably associated with the development of high-quality materials technology [1]. Modern materials science, aimed at the production of the materials with special properties, is connected with the fundamental and applied science of nanotechnology which studies the laws of physical and chemical nano-sized systems. Almost all nanosystems are obtained under the conditions far from equilibrium. It allows achieving spontaneous nucleation, and to avoid growth and aggregation of the formed nanoparticles. Studies have shown that nano-based materials have new and sometimes unusual properties [2]. It is known that for conventional materials the greater the strength of the material the less its ductility. In nanomaterials, a new paradox [3] of strength and ductility (a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility) has been discovered. In addition, nanomaterials have a higher fracture toughness and substantial wear resistance. The physical nature of the new phenomenon is connected with the change of micromechanisms of deformation, when, along with the motion of lattice dislocations at the boundary of formed nanograins, grain-boundary glide occurs [4]. Additives to operating media are widely used in mechanism’s systems. In particular, the reliability of friction units is determined in many respect with the presence of antiwear and boundary additives in lube oils. The transition from micron- to nano-sized additives is being widely implemented in technology at present. In this paper, we have analyzed the effectiveness of the utilization of nanodispersed substances and their compounds in order to increase the service life of the ship’s equipment.

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Opoku-Mensah, Patrick, James Nana Gyamfi, Adjei Domfeh, Emmanuel Awarikabey, and Emmanuela Kwao-Boateng. "Assessment of the Conventional Acid-Clay Method in Reclaiming Waste Crankcase Lubricating Oil." Advances in Tribology 2023 (March 2, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6567607.

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In this study, the conventional acid-clay method was used to evaluate its potential for recycling waste crankcase lubricating oil (WCLO). The results showed that the acid-clay method was effective in re-refining the WCLO and returning the oil to a quality comparable to oils produced from fresh lube oil stocks. This method has been reported to account for around 90% of the global waste crankcase lubricating oil treatment and is considered to be an inexpensive process. The results revealed that the acid-clay method improved the viscosity of the oil at 40°C from 104 cSt to 105.6 cSt. The flash point of the oil was also increased from 192°C in the WCLO to 204°C in the re-refined crankcase lubricating oil (RCLO). The water content reduced from 0.01% in the WCLO to 0% in the RCLO, indicating the effectiveness of the acid-clay method in removing water traces from the WCLO. Additionally, the contaminants present in the WCLO were reduced drastically, with iron and aluminum content reduced from 23.0% and 21.0% to 0.0% and 0.0%, respectively. The fuel ingress in the WCLO reduced from 4.0% to 1.0%. However, it was observed that the acid-clay method did not significantly impact the viscosity index, TBN, and density of the oil. The re-refined base oil produced by the acid-clay method can be fortified with appropriate additives and reused in vehicles, reducing environmental pollution, depleting fossil resources, and saving the country’s foreign exchange used in importing fresh lubricating oil.

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15

Kyazimova, N. S. "Ash-free boron-nitrogen-containing additive to lube oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 45, no. 5 (September 2009): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-009-0151-5.

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Sanni, Samuel Eshorame, Joseph Obofon Odigure, Vincent Efeovbokhan, and Moses Eterigho Emetere. "Comparative Study of Lube Oils Syhthesized from Chemically Modified Castor and Soybean Oils Using Additive." Science and Engineering Applications 2, no. 2 (February 10, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.26705/saea.2017.2.2.134-141.

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17

Kathmore, Pramod, Bhanudas Bachchhav, Somnath Nandi, Sachin Salunkhe, Palanisamy Chandrakumar, Emad Abouel Nasr, and Ali Kamrani. "Prediction of Thrust Force and Torque for High-Speed Drilling of AL6061 with TMPTO-Based Bio-Lubricants Using Machine Learning." Lubricants 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090356.

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This study was designed to examine the effects of a trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO)-based lubricant on thrust force and torque under the high-speed drilling of Al-6061 as an effective environmentally friendly cutting fluid. The tribological performance of three lubricant blends was evaluated based on ASTM standards. TMPTO base oil, notably enhances load-carrying capacity under extreme pressure conditions, with a seizer load of 7848 N. The best-performing oil was further optimized using a Taguchi-based design experiment to investigate the effect of different additive concentrations on thrust force and torque under actual contact conditions. Experiments were conducted using three critical machining parameters: additive concentration, spindle speed, and feed rate. The results of the ANOVA analysis reveal that spindle speed contributes most substantially (62.99%) to torque, with feed rate (23.72%) and additive concentration (7.74%) also showing significant impacts. On the other hand, thrust force is primarily influenced by feed rate (73.52%), followed by spindle speed (16.82%), and additive concentration (6.28%). Furthermore, a machine learning model was developed to predict and compare a few significant aspects of high-speed drilling machinability, including thrust force and torque. Three different error metrics were utilized in order to assess the performance of the predicted values, namely the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean square error (MSE), which are all based on the coefficient of determination. Compared to other models, decision tree produces more accurate prediction values for cutting forces. The present study provides a novel approach for evaluating the most promising biodegradable lube oils and predicting cutting forces by formulating a perfect blend.

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Şahin, Yiğit Serkan, and İsmet Sezer. "A Review on the Effects of Nanolubricant Addition into Lube Oil on the Performance of Spark Ignition Engines." International Conference on Scientific and Innovative Studies 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2023): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icsis.636.

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Every year there is a rise in energy demand due to the rapid development in industrializationand automotive sector, demand and depletion of fossil fuels, fuel price instabilities, diminished energysecurity, uncertainty in oil supply to the consuming nations, fuel import costs, increased harmfulenvironmental effects due to various pollutants are the main driving forces to search for new alternativefuels that are renewable, eco–friendly and harmless in nowadays. Most researchers have focused ondeveloping a wide range of renewable energies including oxygenated fuels, biofuels, fuel cell, and solarenergy technologies to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and control the emission of greenhouse gasesto emit the atmosphere. The novel application in transportation and power generation sectors has showndevelopment in the past decades to ensure a low emission level, energy savings, and high performance andefficiency. A new research area grows rapidly which is called nanotechnologies are considered nowadaysone of the most recommended choices to solve the problem of the production and use of energy.Nanotechnology can be used to improve the efficiency and performance of both of conventional andrenewable resources and also fuels. Nanofuels consist of a nano–sized metal particle having size rangingfrom 1 to 100 nm is mixed inside the base fluid by means of ultrasonication process. The nano fuel additivehas a higher surface to volume ratio and act as a catalyst that results in enhanced characteristics of fuelsand oils which leads to enhanced performance and combustion characteristics of internal combustionengines. This review study investigates the effects of nanolubricant addition into lube oil on theperformance of spark ignition engines.

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Kathamore, Pramod S., and Bhanudas D. Bachchhav. "Tribological investigations of trimethylolpropane trioleate bio-based lubricants." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2021-0157.

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Purpose The screening of lube oil performance prior to field trials is the most significant for the formulation of novel lubricants. This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of trimethylolpropane trioleate oil (TMPTO) based lubricants with different additives. Design/methodology/approach In this endeavor, initially five lubricating blends along-with TMPTO based oil with variable additives were evaluated for their tribological performances using ASTM standards. Out of these, the top three best-performing oils were further investigated for possible physical or chemical synergies among lube oils, additives and ball surface using SEM. The molecule structures of TMPTO based lube oils were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Findings The wear preventive and extreme pressure characteristics of different TMPTO based samples were evaluated and compared for compatibility and synergy of additives. Morphological analysis of SEM images was used to understand the wear behavior of the worn surfaces. Practical implications Further investigation of TMPTO oil on its oxidation stability at high temperature and pressure to make it technologically competitive and commercially viable metal-working lubricant is suggested. Originality/value This paper highlights the tribo-effects of TMPTO to be rendered as a suitable lubricant for metal-cutting operations. The surface morphology of the worn-out surface significantly demonstrates the effect of loading conditions.

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"Performance of Additives Concerning Synergistic Effect in Lube Oil." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 1874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c5714.029320.

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Lubricating oils containing ester, gaining more importance due to their friction reducing ability. Screening the performance of lubricating oils prior to field test is of most significance for the new lubricant formulations. In this endeavor, six lubricating blends were formulated having variable concentration of additives (sulfur and ester) in mineral oil and screened for their performance using four-ball tribo-tester. The formulated blends were evaluated for their extreme pressure and anti-wear characteristics as per ASTM standards. Tests were conducted on DUCOM TR- 30L four-ball tester and wear scar diameter were measured on an optical microscope.Compatibility and synergy of additives have been discussed on the basis of various parameters such as anti-wear scar diameter, mean scar diameter (just below weld load), mean scar diameter (at last non-seizure load), weld load and load wear index. The findings of this study demonstrate that ester along-with sulfur not only boost anti-wear properties but also enhance load carrying capacity of oil. An addition of sulfur beyond 2 % may not yield any significant improvement of tribo-characteristics of these oils.This paper is highlighting the synergistic effect of additives to render it as suitable lubricant for metal working applications. This paper also suggested an optimum concentration of an additive for its suitability for anti-wear and/(or) extreme-pressure properties.

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Bachchhav, Bhanudas Dattatraya, and Pramod Shivaji Kathamore. "Wear behavior of environment friendly trimethylolpropane trifoliate‐ based lubricant." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, April 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2021-0469.

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Purpose Formulation of mineral-based specialty lubricants without anti-wear (AW) and extreme-pressure (EP) additives is a challenging task. This study aims to propose an environment friendly alternative to mineral-based lubricants with superior wear preventive characteristics. Design/methodology/approach In this study, analysis of wear under trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO)-based lube using operating parameters of four-ball tester was done. The effects of type of lube oil, temperature, load and speed on specific wear rate were investigated using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. Based on the Taguchi experimental results and single-to-noise ratios, ranking of the four ball parameters was done. The surface analysis of worn steel balls was carried out using optical microscopic images of wear scar and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Findings Results depict that the blend of sulfurized additives with TMPTO base oil showed a synergistic effect in terms of reduction in specific wear rate by the formation of protective film layer on the surface. The possible physical or chemical interactions between base oil and additives were studied based on the surface morphology of test balls. Practical implications The formulated lubricant has the potential to be used as a tapping/broaching oil. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is a novel study investigating the effect of different additive in TMPTO. The results could prove beneficial in making TMPTO-based lube oil a viable replacement of mineral-based oils.

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Ali, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed, Mohamed A. A. Abdelkareem, Krishna Chowdary, M. F. Ezzat, Ankit Kotia, and Hua Jiang. "A review of recent advances of ionic liquids as lubricants for tribological and thermal applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, March 30, 2022, 135065012210911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13506501221091133.

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The novel characteristics of ionic liquids (ILs) led to an improved tribological and thermal performance. This article discusses current progress in developing ILs as neat lubricants or additives in lube oils, with a focus on ILs chemistry, synthesis, miscibility, and other relevant rheological, thermal, and tribological properties at macro to nanoscales. This article also introduces a review of lubrication mechanisms based on the tribofilm formed on the rubbing interfaces owing to tribochemical reactions among the ILs, base oil, and solid bodies, which shows key insights into anti-wear properties. ILs exhibited superior anti-wear properties compared to fully formulated oils. Notably, there was no symmetry between the friction results of ILs and their wear counterpart. Furthermore, the main challenges to further improve ILs performance for tribological applications are highlighted. Eventually, prospects for ILs tribology are suggested, which will guide the development and synthesis of ILs-based lubricants for tribological applications.

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Ahmed Ali, Mohamed Kamal, Hou Xianjun, F. A. Essa, Mohamed A. A. Abdelkareem, Ahmed Elagouz, and S. W. Sharshir. "Friction and Wear Reduction Mechanisms of the Reciprocating Contact Interfaces Using Nanolubricant Under Different Loads and Speeds." Journal of Tribology 140, no. 5 (April 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4039720.

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This study aims to reveal the roles and mechanisms of Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles into the lube oils which could reinforce engine components durability via reducing the friction, wear, or fuel economy in automotive engines. The tribological tests were carried out under different sliding speeds from 0.21 to 1.75 m/s and loads from 30 to 250 N using a reciprocating tribometer to simulate the ring/liner interface in the engine according to ASTM G181. The tribological results using hybrid nanolubricants suggested that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the ring decreased in the ranges 39–53% and 25–33%, respectively, compared to nanoparticles-free lube oil. The combined evidence of the worn surfaces analysis confirmed that the key mechanisms in antifriction and antiwear are a combination of the nanoparticles rolling mechanism and the replenishment mechanism of tribofilms on the sliding contact interfaces. In addition, a tribofilm formed on the rubbing surfaces is not only from the nanoparticles but also from Fe which is formed as a result of iron debris particles and oil additive package such as P and S originating from zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lube oils additives'

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