Journal articles on the topic 'LTV system'
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1
Zhao, Haipeng, and Joseph Bentsman. "Biorthogonal Wavelet Based Identification of Fast Linear Time-Varying Systems—Part I: System Representations12." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 4 (December 27, 2000): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1409549.
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An analytical framework is developed that permits the input-output representations of discrete-time linear time-varying (LTV) systems in terms of biorthogonal bases on compact time intervals. Using these representations, the companion paper, Part II develops computational procedures for rapid identification of fast nonsmooth LTV systems based on short data records. One of the representations proposed is also used in H. Zhao and J. Bentsman, “Block Diagram Reduction of the Interconnected Linear Time-Varying Systems in the Time Frequency Domain,” accepted for publication by Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing to form system interconnections, or wavelet networks, and develop subsystem connectibility conditions and reduction rules. Under the assumption that the inputs and the outputs of the plants considered in the present work belong to lp spaces, where p=2 or p=∞, their impulse responses are shown to belong to Banach spaces. Further on, by demonstrating that the set of all bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable discrete-time LTV systems is a Banach space, the system representation problem is shown to be reducible to the linear approximation problem in the Banach space setting, with the approximation errors converging to zero as the number of terms in the representation increases. Three types of LTV system representation, based on the input-side, the output-side, and the input-output transformations, are developed and the suitability of each representation for matching a particular type of the LTV system behavior is indicated.
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Pirgaip, Burak, and Ali Hepsen. "Loan-to-value policy: evidence from Turkish dual banking system." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 11, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 631–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-08-2017-0208.
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Purpose This paper aims to answer how effective the loan-to-value (LTV) regulation has been since 2011 for conventional and Islamic (participation) banks in Turkey in terms of curbing mortgage loan growth and delinquency[1]. Design/methodology/approach The authors first use unit root tests and tests of difference in loan and property price data in pre-LTV and post-LTV period. Second, the authors follow Chow test and ordinary least squares regression analyses to test for a structural break when sensitivity of mortgage loan and delinquency growth changes to property price changes considered. Findings The authors find that two periods are statistically different, while the significance level is lower for Islamic banks. Moreover, loan growth has become less responsive to property price increases; delinquency sensitivity to property price changes has significantly increased in the post-LTV period for conventional banks, while this is not the case for Islamic (participation) banks. Originality/value This paper not only increases empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of LTV ratio policy but also fills the gap in the literature by providing a comparison between conventional banks and Islamic (participation) banks.
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Kunt, Cengiz, and Rajendra Singh. "Application of Floquet Theory to On-Off Valve Controlled Pneumatic Actuators." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 114, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896528.
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A periodic linear time varying (LTV) model for on-off valve controlled pneumatic actuation systems, was described in an earlier paper by the authors. Based on this LTV model formulation, Floquet’s Theorem is invoked to characterize dynamic response of the system. A new computational technique called the expanded state space method is developed to calculate the frequency response of the LTV system with staircase coefficient variations. This technique is computationally superior to the straightforward solution scheme. Floquet Theory is also used to assess the nature of transient response. A single acting cylinder system controlled by an on-off valve is considered to illustrate the stability and transient response issues. Computer simulation based on the nonlinear model is used to obtain detailed results. It is shown that application of the Floquet Theory provides valuable insight into the dynamic response of the class of actuators considered.
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Liu, Chuan Shao, Hao Qiong Wu, and Ao Mei Luo. "Design of Longitudinal-Torsional Vibration Stepped Horn with Multiple Diagonal Slits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.51.
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Based on the theory of acoustic propagation, the realization mechanism of longitudinal-torsional vibration (LTV) by converter of cylinder with multiple diagonal slits (MDS) under single excitation was studied. The influences of composite stepped horns structural parameters on resonant frequency were studied by numerical analysis method, and the horn (resonant frequency about 20kHz) with LTV was designed. The results show that LTV could be realized under single excitation of longitudinal vibration when resonant frequency is 20498Hz, and the amplitude varied periodically. The results can be applied in the design of acoustic system in ultrasonic machining with LTV.
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Zhang, Kun, Hui Li, Zhong Dong Duan, and S. S. Law. "Identification of Local Time-Varying Systems Based on Dynamic Response Sensitivity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 3379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.3379.
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A new method based on dynamic response sensitivity is proposed for the identification of local linear time-varying (LTV) system. The unknown local LTV structural stiffness is modeled by orthogonal polynomial approximations, and the sensitivities of structural dynamic response with respect to orthogonal coefficients are derived. The identification equation is set up based on Taylor’s first order approximation, and is solved with the damped least-squares method. A fifteen-story shear building is studied to validate the proposed method. Three ideal cases of LTV systems, with periodically, abruptly and randomly varying stiffness at the 8th story of the structure, are investigated to illustrate the capability of the algorithm to track the variations of the systems. Numerical simulation with noisy measured accelerations shows that the proposed method can accurately identify various kinds of local time-varying system from only several responses of the structure. This method provides a new approach for detecting local time-varying stiffness of structures with incomplete measured output information.
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Marchesiello, S., A. Bellino, and L. Garibaldi. "Prediction of Modal Parameters of Linear Time-Varying Systems." Shock and Vibration 17, no. 4-5 (2010): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/184087.
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Many engineering structures, such as cranes, traffic-excited bridges, flexible mechanisms and robotic devices exhibit characteristics that vary with time and are referred to as time-varying or nonstationary. In particular, linear time-varying (LTV) systems have been often dealt with on a case-by-case basis. Many concepts and analytic methods of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems cannot be applied to LTV systems, as for example the conventional definition of modal parameters. In fact, LTV systems violate one of the assumptions of the conventional modal analysis, which is stationarity.Subspace-based identification methods, proposed in the 1970s, have been attracting much attention due to their affinity to the modern control theory, which is based on the state space model. These methods are now successfully applied to many industrial cases and may be considered reference methods for identifying LTI systems.In this paper the use of a subspace-based method for identifying LTV systems is discussed and applied to both numerical and experimental systems. More precisely a modified version of the SSI method, referred to here as ST-SSI (Short Time Stochastic Subspace Identification) is introduced as well as a method for predicting time-varying stochastic systems using the angle variation between the subspaces; the latter is able to predict the system parameter in the “near” future.
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Zheng, Jian Xin, Jie Han, and Chuan Shao Liu. "Numerical Design of Stepped Compound Horn with Longitudinal-Torsional Vibration under Single Acoustic Excitation." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.385.
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The mechanism of longitudinal-torsional vibration (LTV) realized by using converter with multiple diagonal slits (MDS) was analyzed based on the acoustic wave propagation when acoustic wave enters obliquely from steel to air. The influences of geometrical parameters of the stepped compound horn with multiple diagonal slits on natural frequencies of LTV were studied with finite element analysis (FEA). The design procedure of stepped compound horn with LTV was provided. The vibration characteristics of actual horn were analyzed with simulation and test. The FEA results show that LTV of the output end of the stepped compound horn may be realized when the input end is excited by longitudinal vibration at certain natural frequency if suitable geometrical dimensions are selected, and the amplitude of the horn is periodical; the trajectory of the particle in the output end is helical curve. The test results indicate that LTV may be realized by stepped compound horn under single acoustic excitation, and the vibration frequency is close to the simulation result, and its vibration properties are good. This method may be applied to design the acoustics system of ultrasonic machining with LTV under single acoustic excitation.
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Ayuningtyas, Fitri Juniwati. "THE PREFERENCES FOR HOUSING LOAN DEMAND IN INDONESIA BEFORE AND AFTER THE LOAN-TO-VALUE POLICY CHANGE." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 11, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v11i2.52888.
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The high price of houses causes a person to not be able to buy a home. The way that someone can own a house is by taking advantage of the credit offers provided by the bank. A mcroprudential policy needed that aims to overcome financial system instability, one of which is the policy on easing the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for housing loans (KPR). The adjustment of LTV ratio aims to increase the potential demand for property, especially housing and household appliances, in line with an increase in the incomes of the lower middle class, and to control risks in the property sector. This study analyzes the impact of savings, loan interest rates, property sector NPLs, and the number of housing loans before and after a LTV policy revision. The data analysis used the Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and multiple linear regression. The study results showed that there were differences between savings, loan interest rates, property sector NPLs, and the number of mortgages before and after a LTV policy change. Savings and NPLs in the property sector have no impact on the demand for housing loans while loan interest rates and LTV policy significantly affect the demand for housing loans.
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Korotina, Marina, Stanislav Aranovskiy, and Alexey Bobtsov. "Disturbance Frequency Estimation for an LTV System." IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, no. 12 (2022): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.331.
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Luo, Ao Mei, Jian Xin Zheng, and Hao Qiong Wu. "Kinematics Analysis on Ultrasonic Deep Rolling with Longitudinal-Torsional Vibration." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.148.
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The kinematics model was built based on the principle of ultrasonic deep rolling (UDR) with longitudinal-torsional vibration (LTV), and the trajectory equations of any particles on edge of the roller involved in the process were given; the influences of vibration parameters including phase angle, frequency of LTV, amplitude of longitudinal vibration, amplitude ratio and the rolling process parameters including roller radius, rolling depth, feed rate, the rotation frequency of roller on the trajectory, acoustic system design and processing quality were discussed. The results can provide theoretical basis for the design of acoustic system and optimization of process parameters.
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Yang, Xiao-Dong, Ming Liu, Wei Zhang, Ying-Jing Qian, and Roderick V. N. Melnik. "On the Perturbation Methods for Vibration Analysis of Linear Time-Varying Systems." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 03 (April 2016): 1650035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500356.
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Some perturbation methods in the studying vibrations of the linear time-varying (LTV) system are discussed. Three classical perturbation methods, namely, averaging method, harmonic balance method, and multiple scales method with linear scales, have been used from a new perspective based on analytical approximations to the corresponding LTV ordinary differential equations. The deploying beam model has been taken as an example to validate the explicit approximate solutions obtained by these perturbation methods. It is demonstrated that such approximate solutions have good agreement with numerical and exact solutions, excluding the vicinity of the turning point.
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Kołodziejczak-Radzimska, Agnieszka, Joanna Zembrzuska, Katarzyna Siwińska-Ciesielczyk, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Catalytic and Physicochemical Evaluation of a TiO2/ZnO/Laccase Biocatalytic System: Application in the Decolorization of Azo and Anthraquinone Dyes." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206030.
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A TiO2/ZnO oxide system was proposed as a support for the immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor (LTV). The obtained TiO2/ZnO/LTV biocatalytic system was then applied in the decolorization/degradation of C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Acid Green 25 dyes. The efficiency of immobilization was evaluated based on catalytic properties (Bradford method, oxidation reaction of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and physicochemical (spectroscopic, porous, electrokinetic) analysis. The immobilization process was carried out with high performance (99.4%). Immobilized laccase retained about 40% of its activity in the whole analyzed temperature range and after 10 reaction cycles. Immobilization efficiency was also indirectly confirmed by the presence of characteristic functional groups (–C–H and –C–O), nitrogen and carbon on the TiO2/ZnO/LTV biocatalytic surface, identified by spectroscopic analyses. The increase in the surface area to 126 m2/g, change of isoelectric point (2.0) and zeta potential ranges (from +12.0 to −20.0 mV) after the immobilization process were also observed. The results show that the designed biocatalytic system enables the removal of acid dyes (C.I. Reactive Black 5 and C.I. Acid Green 25) with high efficiency (99% and 70%, respectively). Mass spectroscopy analysis indicated possible degradation products formed by the cleavage of N=N and C–N bonds.
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Abdel-Aty, Mohamed A., and Hassan T. Abdelwahab. "Configuration Analysis of Two-Vehicle Rear-End Crashes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no. 1 (January 2003): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-16.
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Light truck vehicles (LTVs), including light-duty trucks, vans, minivans, and sport-utility vehicles, are generally larger than common passenger cars and are able to take on additional tasks. LTVs usually ride higher than other common passenger cars, which likely affects the visibility of passenger car drivers. The role of LTVs in rear-end crashes was investigated. The use of statistical models of unordered multiple categories was attempted, including multinomial logit (MNL), heteroscedastic extreme value (HEV), and bivariate probit (BVP) models. Four different rear-end crash configurations (lead and following vehicles) were defined on the basis of the type of the two vehicles involved (LTV or regular passenger car). General Estimates System (GES 2000) traffic crash data were used to calibrate the three suggested models (the MNL, HEV, and BVP models). Modeling results showed that there are sight distance and discomfort problems when a driver in a regular passenger car is driving behind an LTV. The probability of a rear-end crash involving a regular passenger car striking an LTV increases when the driver of the following vehicle is distracted. The analysis also illustrates that the probability of a regular car striking an LTV increases when the driver of the following vehicle has an obscured view.
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Giraldi, Valentina, Maria Letizia Focarete, and Daria Giacomini. "Laccase-Carrying Polylactic Acid Electrospun Fibers, Advantages and Limitations in Bio-Oxidation of Amines and Alcohols." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14010025.
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Laccases are oxidative enzymes that could be good candidates for the functionalization of biopolymers with several applications as biosensors for the determination of bioactive amine and alcohols, for bioremediation of industrial wastewater, and for greener catalysts in oxidation reactions in organic synthesis, especially used for non-phenolic compounds in combination with redox mediators in the so-called Laccase Mediator System (LMS). In this work, we describe the immobilization of Laccase from Trametes versicolor (LTv) in poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers and its application in LMS oxidation reactions. The PLLA-LTv catalysts were successfully produced by electrospinning of a water-in-oil emulsion with an optimized method. Different enzyme loadings (1.6, 3.2, and 5.1% w/w) were explored, and the obtained mats were thoroughly characterized. The actual amount of the enzyme in the fibers and the eventual enzyme leaching in different solvents were evaluated. Finally, the PLLA-LTv mats were successfully applied as such in the oxidation reaction of catechol, and in the LMS method with TEMPO as mediator in the oxidation of amines with the advantage of easier work-up procedures by the immobilized enzyme. However, the PLLA-LTv failed the oxidation of alcohols with respect to the free enzyme. A tentative explanation was provided.
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Mohanadas, PN, T. Mukundan, and T. Santhanakrishnan. "Low-temperature vulcanizable chloroprene rubber–bromobutyl rubber blend for encapsulation of undersea sensors: Nonconventional cure systems and reaction kinetics." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 52, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244319851258.
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Blends of chloroprene rubber (CR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) are used in making the undersea sensors watertight by a process of encapsulation. The encapsulation process is conventionally done at high temperature approximately 150°C and above using high-temperature vulcanization (HTV). However, the new class of acoustic sensors like polyvinilidenefluride (PVDF) and thin film PZT are highly temperature sensitive and fragile in nature and hence they require low-temperature vulcanization (LTV) process to avoid damages and protect their full functionalities. However, conventional cure systems are not adoptable in LTV process and hence there is a need for the search of alternate cure systems. Not much work has been reported in this area. This article reports a nonconventional cure system vulcanizable with LTV and the associated reaction kinetics for a commonly used CR–BIIR blend for encapsulation of undersea sensors. Formulations have been attempted with cure systems based on red lead (Pb3O4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for CR–BIIR blend in 80:20 weight ratio, instead of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and ethylene thiourea system, which are conventionally used in HTV. The cure parameters at low temperature between 70°C and 120°C and the activation energy for cure reactions ( E a) were estimated using MDR 2000 rheometer. Essential prerequisites like water resistance, electrical resistivity, and physicomechanical properties for sensor application are qualitatively analyzed for the blend cured at 90°C. The results reveal that the proposed nonconventional cure systems are able to bring down the cure temperature of CR–BIIR blend to 90°C from 150°C enabling the suitability of the materials for undersea sensor encapsulation.
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Yang, Weimiao, Xiqiang Guan, and Jianwu Zhang. "A recursive propagator-based subspace method for vehicle handling dynamic system model identification." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017746840.
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A high-precision vehicle handling dynamic model is of great importance in both the analysis of system performance and development of stability controller. This study introduces a new modeling algorithm based on subspace identification. Different from traditional batchwise subspace identification method, the new modeling method is proposed in the framework of online realization and unbiased estimation, which is ensured by a recursive propagator method (PM) combined with a vector autoregressive with exogenous (VARX) input model. Also, an observable and controllable 4-order linear time-varying (LTV) vehicle handling dynamic model, including rolling motion, is presented. To validate the identification algorithm, real vehicle standard road tests, including the step input test and impulse input test, are conducted, and sampling data are collected to apply into the identification procedure. The feasibility and accuracy of this online identification method are demonstrated. Furthermore, the stability of identification method is validated by an identification process based on road test data with measurement noise interference, and the superiority of the proposed identifiable LTV model is proved compared to the linear time-invariant (LTI) model.
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Jury, Steven H., Hunt Howell, Daniel F. O'Grady, and Winsor H. Watson III. "Lobster trap video: in situ video surveillance of the behaviour of Homarus americanus in and around traps." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01096.
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A lobster-trap video (LTV) system was developed to determine how lobster traps fish for Homarus americanus and how behavioural interactions in and around traps influence catch. LTV consists of a low-light camera and time-lapse video cassette recorder (VCR) mounted to a standard trap with optional red LED arrays for night observations. This self-contained system is deployed like a standard lobster trap and can collect continuous video recordings for >24 h. Data are presented for 13 daytime deployments of LTV (114 h of observation) and 4 day and night deployments (89 h of observation) in a sandy habitat off the coast of New Hampshire, USA. Analyses of videotapes revealed that traps caught only 6% of the lobsters that entered while allowing 94% to escape. Of those that escaped, 72% left through the entrance and 28% through the escape vent. Lobsters entered the trap at similar rates during the day and night and in sandy and rocky habitats. Lobsters generally began to approach the trap very shortly after deployment, and many appeared to approach several times before entering. These data confirm the results of previous laboratory-based studies in demonstrating that behavioural interactions in and around traps strongly influence the ultimate catch.
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Gao, Shiyu, Zhihong Man, and Xinghuo Yu. "Feedback Control of T-S Fuzzy Systems Based on LTV System Theory." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.46.1.4.
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Pisarska, Aleksandra, and Natalia Wasilewska. "The loan-to-value ratio as a macroprudential tool and assessment of real estate in the post-crisis period." Economic Annals-ХХI 185, no. 9-10 (November 21, 2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v185-12.
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For more than a decade, banking systems of many countries around the world have been trying to recover from the effects of the global financial crisis. The dynamics of one of the most important indicators of the effective operation of the banking sector - the level of fulfilment of loan obligations by the debtor - is analysed in the present paper. A nonperforming loan ratio (NPL) more than doubled in the EU in the period from 2008 until 2012, and the value of this indicator increased more than 20 times in the period from 2008 until 2017 in Ukraine. Many countries worldwide have focused on activities that aim at minimizing the risks associated with lending. The experience of more than 4,000 banks in 46 countries shows that one of the most effective macroprudential tools used by European central banks for mortgage loans is the loan-to-value ratio (LTV). According to research, central banks have recommended lowering the level of LTV. Thus, in Poland, the loan-to-value ratio used to be 100% and even higher, but from 2017 the maximum level should not exceed 80%. In China, the LTV level has dropped to 40% for the secondary real estate market. In Germany, the maximum loan-to-value ratio is 80%, and mortgages with LTV of less than 60% are financed at more favourable conditions by banks. Using macroprudential policy has made it possible to stabilize the situation in the banking system, therefore in 2020 the average level of non-performing loans in the EU decreased to 2.8%. In Poland, the level of NPL is slightly higher and is 6.2%, however in Ukraine the figure remains high and reaches 41%. This study aims to identify the dependence between the adequacy of fulfilment of the collateral and the debtor’s loan obligations, which is extremely important in order to stabilize and increase the liquidity and profitability of banking institutions. The obtained results are based on the assessment of 200 loan cases for which the execution time has come.
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Verdoes, N. T. Pham T. L. M., and J. Nijland. "Shifting Paradigm? Long-Term Value Creation as a Normative Principle in a Hostile Takeover: Evidence from the Netherlands." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i2.p91-102.
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This article provides additional insight on the effectiveness of long-term value creation as a legally enforceable norm in the corporate governance system and provides a framework to anchor long-term value creation in takeover decisions. Since the 2008 financial crisis, a growing number of voices in the business world, government and academia, have urged Western economies to move towards a long-term sustainable growth agenda. Boards have a vital part to play in the development of responsible companies. Corporate governance should encourage boards to do so. This could be viewed as a reaction to the negative effects of capital markets and the resulting short-termism. One key method to encourage sustainable value creation in companies is by incorporating long-term value creation as an open norm in corporate governance systems. In the case of a hostile takeover, the risk of short-termism is exacerbated. As a guiding principle, long-term value (LTV) creation should prevent hostile takeovers that could harm the success of the company concerned. In this research paper, we argue that the recent shift in Dutch case law and revision of the Corporate Governance Code in the Netherlands may serve as an important catalyst for ‘sustainable’ takeover decisions. Through ground-breaking judgments by the Dutch Supreme Court and Enterprise Court, Cancun and Akzo Nobel, LTV has acquired the status of an enforceable norm. We investigated whether this legal norm is empirically substantiated. The research results allow us to make well-grounded statements about the effectiveness of enforcing LTV in future hostile takeover situations.
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Dana, Badara Shofi. "Evaluation Of Macroprudential Policy On Credit Growth In Indonesia: Credit Registry Data Approach." ETIKONOMI 17, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i2.7324.
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Macro-prudential policies have an essential role in mitigating the imbalances in the financial sector that stem from procyclical credit growth. This study aims to evaluate macro-prudential policy in mitigating risk on procyclical credit growth with a registry data approach. Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) analysis method is used to evaluate macro-prudential policy in influencing credit growth. The results show LTV instruments can reduce credit growth but not to procyclical mitigation. Dissimilar results in the implementation of CCB and GWM + LDR instruments are capable of procyclical credit mitigation. Policies that can be done by the central bank are the establishment of an early warning system in macro-prudential policy as well as strengthening of Countercyclical Buffer (CCB), Loan to Value (LTV) instruments and Minimum Reserve Requirement + Loan Funding Ratio (GWM + LFR) in capturing systemic risks from various sources which further strengthens the assessment and surveillance.DOI:10.15408/etk.v17i2.7324
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Mohanadas, P. N., T. Mukundan, and T. Santhanakrishnan. "Low Temperature Vulcanisation Technique for CR BIIR Blend for Encapsulation of Oceanic Sensors." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.14321.
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Blend of chloroprene rubber (CR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) is used for encapsulation of piezo sensors used in sea water. Conventional encapsulation method of these sensors involving high temperature vulcanisation (HTV) often leads to deterioration of piezo properties due to thermal degradation. This paper reports a low temperature vulcanisation (LTV) technique carried out at 90 °C for CR-BIIR blend using chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as compatibiliser and LTV system consisting of modified di-o-tolyl guanidine and thiocarbanilide as accelerators and ZnO as curing agent. The conventionally used scavenger MgO was eliminated and only ZnO was used to boost the cure reaction. Properties specific to sonar sensors, namely, acoustic transparency, electrical resistivity, water absorption and physico‑mechanical properties were evaluated besides evaluation of morphology. The results are found to compare better than the conventional blend. Accelerated thermal ageing at 70 °C for 7 days yielded 97 % retention of tensile strength. The technique was implemented in a PZT hydrophone sensor and was successfully underwater tested.
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Ermolchev, Viatcheslav A., and Michael L. Zaferman. "Results of experiments on the video-acoustic estimation of fish target strength in situ." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00049-3.
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Abstract Present methods for determining the target strength (TS) of fish do not meet the requirements of accuracy, since they are not provided with reliable working standards and therefore have no correct metrological basis. Attempts to develop such a basis by means of catch analysis have not brought good results, because any fishing gear is selective, and TS measurements of single fish in situ are uncertain when data on their length distribution and behaviour are lacking. To overcome this difficulty, the Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO) has been developing a video-acoustic method to measure TS of fish in situ. The method involves the processing of two independent data flows from the same fish received synchronously through the acoustic and video channels. Good matching of the effective ranges of both channels can be achieved by maximizing the underwater visibility range of the video camera. To this end, the laser underwater television system (LTV) was used. Field experiments showed the visibility range of the LTV to be 3.2 times that of the ordinary underwater video.
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Tadmor, Gilead. "Receding horizon revisited: An easy way to robustly stabilize an LTV system." Systems & Control Letters 18, no. 4 (April 1992): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(92)90058-z.
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Totsugawa, Toshinori, Naoya Kobayashi, Teru Okitsu, Hirofumi Noguchi, Takamasa Watanabe, Toshihisa Matsumura, Masanobu Maruyama, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Masakiyo Sakaguchi, and Noriaki Tanaka. "Lentiviral Transfer of the LacZ Gene into Human Endothelial Cells and Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Cell Transplantation 11, no. 5 (July 2002): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000002783985620.
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Because one of the attractive characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vectors is that it can infect even nondividing cells, a lentivirus-mediated gene delivery system is currently being paid a great deal of attention as an innovative tool for gene transfer into target cells. The purpose of the work was to investigate the efficacy of lentiviral transfer of the LacZ gene into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) in vitro. For the present study, a vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentiviral vector encoding the E. coli LacZ gene tagged with nuclear localization signal (NLS) was generated in 293T cells by means of the three-plasmid system. The resulting lentiviral vector, LtV-NLS/LacZ, was allowed to infect HUVECs and HMSCs. Approximately 70% of HUVECs were positive for LacZ expression and 50% of HMSCs showed LacZ activity. There was no significant difference in transduction efficacy between early and late-passage phases in both cells. LtV-NLS/LacZ-transduced HUVECs showed gene expression of endothelial markers including CD34 and flt-1 and KDR/flk-1 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and had angiogenic potential as efficiently as primarily cultured HUVECs in a Matrigel assay. These findings provide evidence that lentiviral vectors are efficient tools for gene transfer and expression in human endothelial cells and stem cells that could be useful for tissue engineering.
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Zhao, Haipeng, and Joseph Bentsman. "Biorthogonal Wavelet Based Identification of Fast Linear Time-Varying Systems—Part II: Algorithms and Performance Analysis12." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 4 (December 27, 2000): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1409550.
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The present work proposes a new class of algorithms for identification of fast linear time-varying systems on short time intervals, based on the biorthogonal function decomposition. When certain features of the system dynamics are known a priori, the algorithms admit their embedding into the identification procedure through the choice of the matching bases, yielding the rapidly convergent identification laws. The speed-up is attained via utilizing both time and frequency localized bases, permitting identification of fewer coefficients without noticeable loss of accuracy. Simulation shows that the resulting high speed identification algorithms can reject small persistent random disturbances as well as capture the fast changes in system dynamics. The algorithm development is based on the results of Part I where it is shown that the sets of all bounded-input-bounded-output (BIBO) stable or l2-stable linear discrete-time-varying (LTV) systems are Banach spaces, and modeling and identification of these systems are reducible to linear approximation problems in a Banach space setting.
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Kwon, So Hyeok. "Analysis of the importance of policy measures for stabilizing the housing market." Korea Real Estate Society 66 (December 31, 2022): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37407/kres.2022.40.4.123.
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This study aims to present a direction for improvement by analyzing the relative importance of eacharea of housing policy in order to normalize and stabilize the housing market in the midst of a rapiddecline in the domestic housing market due to the global economic recession. First, areas requiringimprovement were derived due to excessive regulation among housing policies. Next, the relativeimportance of the housing policy items that need improvement was analyzed to suggest the direction forhousing policy improvement. As a result of analyzing the relative importance, the real estate financialsystem, the real estate tax system, the speculative demand suppression system, and the homelessperson-centered subscription system were found to be important in the order. Loan interest rates,LTV/DSR, capital gains tax, multi-homeowner heavy duty system, comprehensive real estate tax, andresale restrictions were recognized as the top rankings in the order of comprehensive ranking.Therefore,in order to restore the functioning of the housing market and pursue stabilization, first, the base interestrate should be stabilized to normalize the loan interest rate, and the LTV and DSR should be relaxed sothat end users do not have any obstacles in purchasing their own homes. Second, comprehensive realestate tax and capital gains tax should be alleviated. Comprehensive real estate tax needs to beintegrated with property tax or taxed based on net assets, and for capital gains tax, it is essential tolower the tax rate and ease the heavy tax rate for multi-homed people. Third, in order to recover fromthe slump in the real estate industry due to the decrease in real estate transaction volume, measures toalleviate the subject and period of resale restrictions are needed. This study is meaningful in that itempirically analyzed the need for improvement and the relative importance of each area of excessiveregulatory policy to overcome the housing market crisis, and suggested the direction of policyimprovement to normalize the housing market.
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Meyer, Luc, Dalil Ichalal, and Vincent Vigneron. "A new unbiased minimum variance observer for stochastic LTV systems with unknown inputs." IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information 37, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamci/dnz009.
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Abstract This paper is devoted to the state and input estimation of a linear time varying system in the presence of an unknown input (UI) in both state and measurement equations, and affected by Gaussian noises. The classical rank condition used in this kind of approach is relaxed in order to be able to be used in a wider range of systems. A state observer, that is an unbiased estimator with minimum error variance, is proposed. Then a UI observer is constructed, in order to be a best linear unbiased estimator, it follows a unique construction whether the direct feedthrough matrix is null or not. In a sense the proposed approach, generalizes and unifies the existing ones. Besides, a stability result is given for linear time invariant systems, which is a novelty for unbiased minimum variance observers relaxing the classical rank condition.
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Sastry,, Sridhar, Shiv G. Kapoor,, Richard E. DeVor, and, and Geir E. Dullerud. "Chatter Stability Analysis of the Variable Speed Face-Milling Process." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 4 (June 1, 2000): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1373649.
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In this study, a solution technique based on a discrete time approach is presented to the stability problem for the variable spindle speed face-milling process. The process dynamics are described by a set of differential-difference equations with time varying periodic coefficients and time delay. A finite difference scheme is used to discretize the system and model it as a linear time varying (LTV) system with multiple time delays. By considering all the states over one period of speed variation, the infinite dimensional periodic time-varying discrete system is converted to a finite dimensional time-varying discrete system. The eigenvalues of the state transition matrix of this finite dimensional system are then used to propose criteria for exponential stability. Predicted stability boundaries are compared with lobes generated by numerical time-domain simulations and experiments performed on an industrial grade variable speed face-milling testbed.
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SHIBUYA, Ryota, Yoshiyuki NODA, and Kazuhiko TERASHIMA. "1A2-B03 Sloshing Suppression Control Using LTV System in Liquid Container Transfer with Tilting." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2010 (2010): _1A2—B03_1—_1A2—B03_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2010._1a2-b03_1.
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Li, Jiahong, Fang Deng, and Jie Chen. "A Fast Distributed Variational Bayesian Filtering for Multisensor LTV System With Non-Gaussian Noise." IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 49, no. 7 (July 2019): 2431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2815697.
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Rego, Rosana, and Marcus Costa. "Robust control with an anti-windup technique based in relaxed LMI conditions for LTV system." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 35, no. 4 (2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2020.114785.
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Rego, Rosana, and Marcus Costa. "Robust control with an anti-windup technique based in relaxed LMI conditions for LTV system." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 35, no. 4 (2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2020.10037489.
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Cheng, Lin, Chunhui Ma, Xina Yuan, Jie Yang, Liangcai Hu, and Dongjian Zheng. "A Literature Review and Result Interpretation of the System Identification of Arch Dams Using Seismic Monitoring Data." Water 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203207.
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The system identification of concrete dams using seismic monitoring data can reveal the practical dynamic properties of structures during earthquakes and provide valuable information for the analysis of structural seismic response, finite element model calibration, and the assessment of postearthquake structural damage. In this investigation, seismic monitoring data of the Pacoima arch dam were used to identify the structural modal parameters. The identified modal parameters of the Pacoima arch dam, derived in different previous studies that used forced vibration tests (FVT), numerical calculation, and seismic monitoring, were compared. Meanwhile, different modal identification results using the input-output (IO) methods and the output-only (OO) identification methods as well as the linear time-varying (LTV) modal identification method were adopted to compare the modal identification results. Taking into account the different excitation, seismic input, and modal identification methods, the reasons for the differences among these identification results were analyzed, and some existing problems in the current modal identification of concrete dams are pointed out. These analysis results provide valuable guidance regarding the selection of appropriate identification methods and the evaluation of the system identification results for practical engineering applications.
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Wahyudi, Tri, Harianto, and Sahara. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Non Performing Financing di PT TAF dan Pengendaliannya." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v10i2.30127.
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PT TAF is one of multifinance companies in Indonesia. The increase in low segment sales from 2013-2017 with a high credit amount led to an increase in the quality of PT TAF's receivables categorized as Non Performing Financing (NPF). This increase in NPF was also accompanied by an increase in PT TAF's net loss in 2017 and affected the company's profits. Therefore an analysis is needed to find out factors that influence the amount of credit and NPF, in order to formulate the strategy to manage it. This study uses secondary data of PT TAF debtors which related to the amount of credit, debtor delays and NPF from 2013 to 2017. The approach of this study is a case study in PT TAF about the level of NPF from 2013 -2017. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis and statistical tests. Multiple linear regression is performed to determine the factors that influence the amount of credit, while binary logistic regression is carried out to determine the factors that influence NPF. The results of the analysis will be used to formulate a strategy proposal for controlling NPF at PT TAF. Factors that significantly influence the amount of the credit are vehicle price, age, loan interest, installment amount, income, down payment, type of first installment, type of vehicle, education, gender, credit package, and credit tenor. The factors that influence NPF are the amount of credit, Loan to Value (LTV), the residence area of the debtor and inflation. The proposed strategy formulations are: to consider factors which affecting amount of credit in granting credit, to increase the debtor portfolio with LTV less than or equal to 80 percent, avoid low down payment and long tenor products, strengthen collection organizational structures and increase team collection capabilities, and utilize the Financial Information Service System from OJK to obtain information about the debtors.
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Domina, Ádám, and Viktor Tihanyi. "LTV-MPC Approach for Automated Vehicle Path Following at the Limit of Handling." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 5807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155807.
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In this paper, a linear time-varying model predictive controller (LTV-MPC) is proposed for automated vehicle path-following applications. In the field of path following, the application of nonlinear MPCs is becoming more common; however, the major disadvantage of this algorithm is the high computational cost. During this research, the authors propose two methods to reduce the nonlinear terms: one is a novel method to define the path-following problem by transforming the path according to the actual state of the vehicle, while the other one is the application of a successive linearization technique to generate the state–space representation of the vehicle used for state prediction by the MPC. Furthermore, the dynamic effect of the steering system is examined as well by modeling the steering dynamics with a first-order lag. Using the proposed method, the necessary segment of the predefined path is transformed, the linearized model of the vehicle is calculated, and the optimal steering control vector is calculated for a finite horizon at every timestep. The longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle are controlled separately from the lateral dynamics by a PI cruise controller. The performance of the controller is evaluated and the effect of the steering model is examined as well.
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Sanzida, Nahid. "Determination of Optimum Drying Temperature Profile by Iterative Learning Control (ILC) Method to Obtain a Desired Moisture Content in Tablets." Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v20i1.36923.
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<p>The paper presents an industrial case study example to evaluate the performance of the linear time varying (LTV) perturbation model based iterative learning control (ILC) in a pilot scale batch system. The operating data based strategy applied here is based on utilizing the repetitive nature of batch processes to update the operating trajectories using process knowledge obtained from previous runs and thereby providing a convergent batch-to-batch improvement of the process performance indicator. The method was applied to determine the required drying temperature of Paracetamol granules to obtain desired moisture content at the end of the batch. After granulation operations, Paracetamol granules were dried in a fluid bed dryer in the pilot plant laboratory of GlaxoSmithKline Bangladesh Limited, Chittagong, Bangladesh. These results demonstrate the potential of the ILC approach for controlling batch processes without rigorous process models.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 1-7</p>
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He, Zhiwei, Linzhen Nie, Zhishuai Yin, and Song Huang. "A Two-Layer Controller for Lateral Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Vehicles." Sensors 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133689.
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This paper presents a two-layer controller for accurate and robust lateral path tracking control of highly automated vehicles. The upper-layer controller, which produces the front wheel steering angle, is implemented with a Linear Time-Varying MPC (LTV-MPC) whose prediction and control horizon are both optimized offline with particle swarm optimization (PSO) under varying working conditions. A constraint on the slip angle is imposed to prevent lateral forces from saturation to guarantee vehicle stability. The lower layer is a radial basis function neural network proportion-integral-derivative (RBFNN-PID) controller that generates electric current control signals executable by the steering motor to rapidly track the target steering angle. The nonlinear characteristics of the steering system are modeled and are identified on-line with the RBFNN so that the PID controller’s control parameters can be adjusted adaptively. The results of CarSim-Matlab/Simulink joint simulations show that the proposed hierarchical controller achieves a good level of path tracking accuracy while maintaining vehicle stability throughout the path tracking process, and is robust to dynamic changes in vehicle velocities and road adhesion coefficients.
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Chen, Junghui, and Shao-Wu Gu. "Development of LTV subspace system identification using basis functions approach to assessing the performance of control loops for nonlinear processes." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 73 (April 2017): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.09.007.
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Zhang, Wanqing, Wanchun Chen, and Wenbin Yu. "Impact-Angle and Terminal-Maneuvering-Acceleration Constrained Guidance against Maneuvering Target." Aerospace 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010022.
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A new, highly constrained guidance law is proposed against a maneuvering target while satisfying both impact angle and terminal acceleration constraints. Here, the impact angle constraint is addressed by solving an optimal guidance problem in which the target’s maneuvering acceleration is time-varying. To deal with the terminal acceleration constraint, the closed-form solutions of the new guidance are needed. Thus, a novel engagement system based on the guidance considering the target maneuvers is put forward by choosing two angles associated with the relative velocity vector and line of sight (LOS) as the state variables, and then the system is linearized using small angle assumptions, which yields a special linear time-varying (LTV) system that can be solved analytically by the spectral-decomposition-based method. For the general case where the closing speed, which is the speed of approach of the missile and target, is allowed to change with time arbitrarily, the solutions obtained are semi-analytical. In particular, when the closing speed changes linearly with time, the completely closed-form solutions are derived successfully. By analyzing the generalized solutions, the stability domain of the guidance coefficients is obtained, in which the maneuvering acceleration of the missile can converge to zero finally. Here, the key to investigating the stability domain is to find the limits of some complicated integral terms of the generalized solutions by skillfully using the squeeze theorem. The advantages of the proposed guidance are demonstrated by conducting trajectory simulations.
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Hwang, Sungjoo, Moonseo Park, Hyun-Soo Lee, Yousang Yoon, and Bo-Sik Son. "KOREA N REAL ESTATE MARKET AND BOOSTING POLICIES: FOCUSING ON MORTGAGE LOANS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2010.12.
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The Korean real estate market is currently slowing down due to the global economic crisis, which resulted from subprime mortgage crisis in the United States. In response, the Korean government has adopted various policies in an attempt to deregulate real estate speculation. For example, the Loan to value ratio (LTV) has been increased in order to stimulate housing supply, demand, and housing transactions. However, these policies could potentially result in a mortgage crisis due to an increase in over‐amplified and high‐risk derivatives in Korea's secondary mortgage market. Consequently, the housing market could fall into such deep confusion that it will be even more difficult to perform empirically based housing market forecasting. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic method is required to analyze the real estate financial market and the causal relationships between market influence factors. With an integrated perspective and an application of a system dynamics methodology, this paper proposes Korean Real Estate and Mortgage Market dynamics models based on the fundamental principles and causal loops of housing markets, which are determined by the economic activities of consumers, financial agencies, and real estate financing investors. The potential effects of the Korean government's deregulation policies are also considered by focusing on the main factor of these policies: the mortgage loan. Santruka Korejos nekilnojamojo turto rinka šiuo metu išgyvena nuosmuki del pasaulines ekonomines krizes, kuri kilo del JAV būsto paskolu rinkos krizes. Reaguodama i tai, Korejos Vyriausybe emesi ivairiu politikos priemoniu, siekdama užkirsti kelia nekilnojamojo turto spekuliacijai. Pavyzdžiui, buvo padidintas paskolos ir vertes santykis (angl. LTV), siekiant skatinti būsto pasiūla, paklausa ir būsto sandorius. Tačiau šios politicos priemones galetu lemti būsto krize del per daug išplestos ir dideles rizikos išvestinemis priemonemis, didinant Korejos antrinio būsto rinka. Tačiau būsto rinka gali atsidurti tokioje painioje situacijoje, kad bus dar sunkiau atlikti empiriškai pagrista būsto rinkos prognoze. Todel reikalingas išsamus ir sisteminis metodas, padedantis analizuoti finansine nekilnojamojo turto rinka ir priežastini ryši tarp rinka veikiančiu veiksniu. Be integruotos perspektyvos ir dinamiško sistemingu metodu taikymo, šiame straipsnyje siūlomi Korejos nekilnojamojo turto ir paskolu rinkos dinamikos modeliai, pagristi pagrindiniais principais ir pagrindinemis nesekmemis būsto rinkose, kurios nustatomos pagal ekonomine vartotoju veikla, finansuojančias institucijas, ir nekilnojamaji turta finansuojančiais investuotojais. Galimas Korejos Vyriausybes pertvarkymo politicos rezultatas - sutelkti demesi i svarbiausia šiu politikos krypčiu rodikli - būsto paskolas.
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Bayat, Mohammadreza, and A. Pedro Aguiar. "Underwater localization and mapping: observability analysis and experimental results." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2013-398.
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Purpose – The authors aim to investigate the observability properties of the process of simultaneous localization and mapping of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), a challenging and important problem in marine robotics, and illustrate the derived results through computer simulations and experimental results with a real AUV. Design/methodology/approach – The authors address the single/multiple beacon observability analysis of the process of simultaneous localization and mapping of an AUV by deriving the nonlinear mathematical model that describes the process; then applying a suitable coordinate transformation, and subsequently a time-scaling transformation to obtain a linear time varying (LTV) system. The AUV considered is equipped with a set of inertial sensors, a depth sensor, and an acoustic ranging device that provides relative range measurements to a set of stationary beacons. The location of the beacons does not need to be necessarily known and in that case, the authors are also interested to localize them. Numerical tests and experimental results illustrate the derived theoretical results. Findings – The authors show that if either the position of one of the beacons or the initial position of the AUV is known, then the system is at least locally weakly observable, in the sense that the set of indistinguishable states from a given initial configuration contains a finite set of isolated points. The simulations and experiments results illustrate the findings. Originality/value – In the single and multiple beacon case and for manoeuvres with constant linear and angular velocities both expressed in the body-frame, known as trimming or steady-state trajectories, the authors derive conditions under which it is possible to infer the state of the resulting system (and in particular the position of the AUV). The authors also describe the implementation of an advanced continuous time constrained minimum energy observer combined with multiple model techniques. Numerical tests and experimental results illustrate the derived theoretical results.
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Vrabel, Robert. "When Is σ (A(t)) ⊂ {z ∈ ℂ; ℜz ≤ −α < 0} the Sufficient Condition for Uniform Asymptotic Stability of LTV System ẋ = A(t)x?" Mathematics 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010141.
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In this paper, the class of matrix functions A(t) is determined for which the condition that the pointwise spectrum σ(A(t))⊂z∈C;ℜz≤−α for all t≥t0 and some α>0 is sufficient for uniform asymptotic stability of the linear time-varying system x˙=A(t)x. We prove that this class contains as a proper subset the matrix functions with the values in the special orthogonal group SO(n).
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Cermak, Jiri, and Lubomir Kral. "Interrelation between Hydrogen Desorption Kinetics and Structure of (Mg2Ni)Hx and Hydrogenated Eutectic(Mg/Mg2Ni)Hy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.167.
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Mg-rich alloys of the binary system Mg-Ni are prospective hydrogen-storage materials. In the present study, desorption characteristics of hydrided Mg2Ni intermetalic and hydrided Mg/Mg2Ni eutectic mixture were investigated. Structure of experimental materials during the hydrogenation was observed by SEM. Three modifications of (Mg2Ni)Hx (x ~ 4) were prepared differing in the ratio of two low-temperature phases f = LT2/LT1: with (i) f >1, (ii) f ~ 1 and with (iii) f <1. Evolution of the ratio f during hydrogen desorption was checked by XRD. It was found that the micro-twinned phase LT2 is not desirable in hydrogen-storage materials containing Mg2Ni intermetallic. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in LT2 is about 20 times lower than in LT1.
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Pidchenko, N. S. "The use of L-thyroxine in the treatment of thyroid pathologies and problems of therapy control (literature review)." Український радіологічний та онкологічний журнал 28, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.46879/ukroj.4.2020.387-402.
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Background. Thyroid disease is one of the most common pathologies in the world, wich includs hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. At the present, there is an increase in their cases. The thyroid gland is an extremely important for the health of a person, thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of all tissues in the body.
Purpose. To structure and summarize scientific findings on the role of thyroid hormones (T4, T3 and rT3) in the development of hypothyroidism, their effect on inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and the cytotoxic effects of these hormones on thyroid cells.
Results and discussion. In spite of a careful study of thyroid function, the use of thyroid hormones and laboratory monitoring in the treatment of various thyroid pathologies remains debatable up to now. In particular, it concerns LT4 + LT3 combination and the role of reversible T3. This is due to a complex regulation system depending on many factors: hormonal homeostasis, nutritional factors, physiological conditions, etc., which together maintain appropriate thyroid functioning. LT4 monotherapy remains the standard method of replacement therapy, however, according to the ETA recommendations, it is possible for individual patients to prescribe combination therapy LT4 + LT3 as an experimental approach. The use of the rT3 test as a prognostic / diagnostic indicator for monitoring the therapy of patients receiving L-thyroxine therapy is discussed. The use of L-thyroxine as a thyrotropic suppressive therapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer requires careful dose adjustment depending on the health status of each patient, the risk of recurrence, which requires monitoring and dynamic reassessment. Long-term suppressive therapy of LT4 can affect metabolism, contributing to weight loss.
Conclusions. Given the analysis of the literature, which covered 20 years, today L-T4 monotherapy is the standard therapy for patients with hypothyroidism. LT4 + LT3 combination therapy can be recommended in patients receiving L-T4 treatment with complaints characteristic of hypothyroidism despite normal TSH levels, with the exception of other chronic and concomitant autoimmune diseases that may be the cause.
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Zung, Amnon, Theo J. Visser, André G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, and Edith C. H. Friesema. "A child with a deletion in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene: 7-year follow-up and effects of thyroid hormone treatment." European Journal of Endocrinology 165, no. 5 (November 2011): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-11-0358.
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ObjectiveThe monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8; SLC16A2) has a pivotal role in neuronal triiodothyronine (T3) uptake. Mutations of this transporter determine a distinct X-linked psychomotor retardation syndrome (Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS)) that is attributed to disturbed thyroid hormone levels, especially elevated T3 levels. We describe the genetic analysis of the MCT8 gene in a patient suspected for AHDS and the clinical and endocrine effects of L-thyroxine (LT4) or liothyronine (LT3) treatment intending to overcome the T3 uptake resistance through alternative transporters.MethodsThe six exons of the MCT8 gene were amplified individually by PCR. As multiple exons were missing, the length of the X-chromosomal deletion was determined by a dense SNP array, followed by PCR-based fine mapping to define the exact borders of the deleted segment. The clinical and endocrine data of the patient during 6.5 years of LT4 treatment and two periods (3 months each) of low- and high-dose LT3 were evaluated.ResultsA partial deletion of the MCT8 gene (comprising five of six exons) was detected, confirming the suspected AHDS. MCT8 dysfunction was associated with partial resistance to T3 at the hypothalamus and pituitary level, with normal responsiveness at the peripheral organs (liver and cardiovascular system). Thyroid hormone administration had no beneficial effect on the neurological status of the patient.ConclusionWe identified a 70 kb deletion encompassing exons 2–6 of the MCT8 gene in our AHDS patient. Both LT4 and LT3 administration had no therapeutic effect. Alternatively, treatment of AHDS patients with thyroid hormone analogs should be considered.
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Ponomarenko, V., А. Simon, V. Vasylenko, I. Izvekova, and О. Baransky. "The results of the photometric optical monitoring of four active galaxies in 2018-2019." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Astronomy, no. 59 (2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/btsnua.2019.59.42-48.
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Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are a source of very high energies. Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei that can be observed in the optical spectral range. The aim of the study is some BL Lacertae type blazars, which are characterized by a non-emission optical spectrum and exhibit brightness variations at all wavelengths. The results of systematical monitoring of selected objects from the CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) optical follow up list, started in January 2018 are presented. The observations are carried out with the AZT-8 (D = 70 cm, F = 2.8 m) telescope of the observation station Lisnyky of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In 2018 the telescope AZT-8 was included in the list of supporting instruments in the CTA consortium. The AZT-8 equipped with the PL4710-1-BB-E2V CCD (1027×1048 pixels, 13×13 µm/pixel, scale is 0.95 “/pixel, field of view is 16.2 angular minutes) and broadband Johnson/Bessel UBVRI filters. For processing the software Maxim DL was used. During processing accounting of substrate (bias), dark current, flat-field were taken into account. The fluxes of energy from objects of research with the help of standard stars has been turned into visible stellar magnitudes. Light curves for four objects: 1ES 1011+496, PKS 1222+216, 1ES 1426+428, PKS 1510-089 were plotted. Variability of color indexes with time was investigated. In addition, we determined the variability amplitude and tested all these objects for Intraday Variations (IDV), Short (STV) and Long term variability (LTV) where it was possible. A short-term brightness change (STV) with an amplitude of 0.5 to 1 in all filters (UBVRI) of the Johnson/Bessel system for AGN 1ES 1011+496, PKS 1510-089 was determined. For objects 1ES 1426+428 and PKS 1222+216, the brightness variations do not exceed the total error (instrumental and methodical). The total error is ∆Σ ≈ 0.060.1 magnitude.
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VAN DER KLOET, P., F. L. NEERHOFF, and N. H. WANING. "SOME ANALYTIC CALCULATIONS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC EXPONENTS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 10 (October 2007): 3675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740701955x.
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As is well known, the variational equations of nonlinear dynamic systems are linear time-varying (LTV) by nature. In the modal solutions for these LTV equations, the earlier introduced dynamic eigenvalues play a key role. They are closely related to the Lyapunov- and Floquet-exponents of the corresponding nonlinear systems. In this contribution, we present some simple examples for which analytic solutions exist. It is also demonstrated by example how the classical linear time-invariant (LTI) solutions are related to the equilibrium points of the general LTV solutions.
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Kunt, C., and R. Singh. "A Linear Time Varying Model for On-Off Valve Controlled Pneumatic Actuators." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896203.
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A new linear time varing (LTV) model has been developed for open loop, on-off valve controlled pneumatic actuation systems. This formulation is based on a periodic profile description for variable operating points and directional control valve flow variations. The dynamic behavior of the example case, a single acting cylinder controlled by a two way-two port rotary valve, under the cyclic pressure loading is obtained using the proposed LTV model. Experimental evidence and digital simulation predictions based on the nonlinear mathematical equations validate the analytical formulation. The proposed LTV model is found to be better and more applicable than linear time invariant (LTI) models used previously by many investigators.
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Sun, Li-Li, Kang-Li Xu, and Yao-Lin Jiang. "Model order reduction based on discrete-time Laguerre functions for discrete linear periodic time-varying systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 16 (September 4, 2020): 3281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331220949733.
Full textAbstract:
Many engineering problems can be modelled as linear periodic time-varying (LPTV) systems, which naturally leads to the need for model order reduction of LPTV systems. This paper investigates a new model order reduction method for discrete LPTV systems. First, the state-space realization in the Fourier-lifted form of discrete LPTV system is constructed by representing periodic matrices in exponentially modulated periodic (EMP) Fourier series. By using Laguerre functions to expand the transfer function of the resulting Fourier-lifted system, the corresponding model order reduction algorithm is developed. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is used to reduce the discrete LPTV system in the standard-lifted form. Theoretical analysis indicates that the transfer functions of both reduced order systems can match a certain number of moments. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.