Journal articles on the topic 'LSAC'
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Valassi, Elena, Holger Franz, Thierry Brue, Richard A. Feelders, Romana Netea-Maier, Stylianos Tsagarakis, Susan M. Webb, et al. "Diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome differ from published guidelines: data from ERCUSYN." European Journal of Endocrinology 176, no. 5 (May 2017): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-0967.
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Objective To evaluate which tests are performed to diagnose hypercortisolism in patients included in the European Registry on Cushing’s syndrome (ERCUSYN), and to examine if their use differs from the current guidelines. Patients and methods We analyzed data on the diagnostic tests performed in 1341 patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS) who have been entered into the ERCUSYN database between January 1, 2000 and January 31, 2016 from 57 centers in 26 European countries. Sixty-seven percent had pituitary-dependent CS (PIT-CS), 24% had adrenal-dependent CS (ADR-CS), 6% had CS from an ectopic source (ECT-CS) and 3% were classified as having CS from other causes (OTH-CS). Results Of the first-line tests, urinary free cortisol (UFC) test was performed in 78% of patients, overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 60% and late-night salivary cortisol (LSaC) in 25%. Use of LSaC increased in the last five years as compared with previous years (P < 0.01). Use of HDDST was slightly more frequent in the last 5 years as compared with previous years (P < 0.05). Of the additional tests, late-night serum cortisol (LSeC) was measured in 62% and 48-h 2 mg/day low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) in 33% of cases. ACTH was performed in 78% of patients. LSeC and overnight 1 mg DST supported the diagnosis of both PIT-CS and ADR-CS more frequently than UFC (P < 0.05). Conclusions Use of diagnostic tests for CS varies across Europe and partly differs from the currently available guidelines. It would seem pertinent that a European consensus be established to determine the best diagnostic approach to CS, taking into account specific inter-country differences with regard to the availability of diagnostic tools.
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Nguyen Van, Hung, Nguyet Bui Thi Minh, Linh Bui Thi Thuy, Nghi Nguyen Huu, Tuoi Nguyen Thanh, Tien Nguyen Anh, and Son Le Lam. "Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine-B under visible light region by ZnO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon made from longan seed biomass." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2020.041.
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In the present study, the synthesis of ZnO/LSAC through pyrolysis of the carbonized material prepared from longan seed, zinc acetate in alkaline medium. The obtained materials was characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and UV-Vis-DRS. The XRD patterns of ZnO/LSAC nanocomposites were assigned to wurtzite structure of ZnO with crystallite size about 15 to 30 nm. SEM and TEM observations showed the spherical ZnO particles formed on the activated carbon. The band gap energy and specific surface area of ZnO/LSAC were found to be 2.79 eV and 294.4 m2/g, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared materials were evaluated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The removal of RhB was found to be pH dependent, and the optimized removal efficiency reached to 93.75% and the mineralization level was over 84,09% at initial RhB concentration of 40 mg.L-1 andpH 7 following 120 min under visible-light illumination. The kinetic studies showed the decolorizationof RhB followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the rate constant were determined kapp= 1.67Í10-2 min−1
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Liao, Zijun, Karen E. Lamb, David Burgner, Sarath Ranganathan, Jessica E. Miller, Jennifer J. Koplin, Shyamali C. Dharmage, et al. "No obvious impact of caesarean delivery on childhood allergic outcomes: findings from Australian cohorts." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 7 (January 24, 2020): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317485.
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Background and objectiveAs caesarean delivery and childhood allergy continue to rise, their inter-relationships may change. We examined whether caesarean delivery predicts allergic disease and impaired lung function in two contemporary harmonised population-based cohorts.MethodsParent-reported asthma and eczema data were drawn from two prospective Australian infant cohorts, HealthNuts (n=5276, born 2006–2010) and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC, n=5107, born 2003–2004) at age 6–7 years, and spirometric lung function from LSAC’s Child Health CheckPoint (n=1756) at age 11–12 years. Logistic regression estimated associations between delivery mode and current asthma and eczema at 6–7 years, and linear regression examined lung function at 11–12 years. Models were adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsComplete case analysis included 3135 HealthNuts and 3654 LSAC children (32.2% and 30.9% born by caesarean, respectively). An association was evident between caesarean delivery and asthma at age 6–7 years in HealthNuts (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.57) but not in LSAC (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.28), while neither study showed clear associations with eczema (HealthNuts: aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.35; LSAC: aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.15). Spirometric lung function parameters at age 11–12 years were similar by delivery mode. Associations were not modified by duration of breast feeding, maternal history of asthma/eczema, childcare attendance, number of older siblings or pet exposure.ConclusionsIn two unselected populations using harmonised protocols, the likely association of caesarean delivery with developing childhood allergy was small.
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Shahunja, K. M., Peter D. Sly, Md Jobayer Chisti, and Abdullah Mamun. "Trajectories of asthma symptom presenting as wheezing and their associations with family environmental factors among children in Australia: evidence from a national birth cohort study." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e059830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059830.
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ObjectivesAsthma is one of the greatest health burdens, yet contributors to asthma symptom trajectories are understudied in Australian children. We aimed to assess the trajectories of asthma symptom and their associations with several family environmental factors during the childhood period in Australia.DesignSecondary analysis from a cross-sequential cohort study.SettingNationwide representative data from the ‘Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)’.ParticipantsParticipants from the LSAC birth cohort.Outcome measuresAsthma symptom trajectory groups.MethodsAsthma symptom presenting as wheezing, family environmental factors and sociodemographic data (2004–2018) were obtained from the LSAC. Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to identify asthma symptom trajectories and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between these and environmental factors.ResultsOf 5107 children in the LSAC cohort, 3846 were included in our final analysis. We identified three distinct asthma symptom trajectories from age 0/1 year to 14/15 years: ‘low/no’ (69%), ‘transient high’ (17%) and ‘persistent high’ (14%). Compared with the ‘low/no’ group, children exposed to ‘moderate and declining’ (relative risk ratio (RRR): 2.22, 95% CI 1.94 to 2.54; RRR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.46) and ‘high and persistent’ prevalence of maternal smoking (RRR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.60; RRR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.44) were at increased risk of being classified into the ‘transient high’ and ‘persistent high’ trajectories of asthma symptom. Persistently bad external dwelling conditions (RRR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.51) were associated with ‘transient high’ trajectory while ‘moderate and increasing’ conditions of cluttered homes (RRR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.56) were associated with ‘persistent high’ trajectory of asthma symptom. Exposure to tobacco smoke inside the house also increased the risk of being in the ‘persistent high’ trajectory group (RRR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.50).ConclusionPoor home environment increased the risk of asthma symptom during childhood. Improving home environment and reducing exposure to tobacco smoke may facilitate a favourable asthma symptom trajectory during childhood.
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Shahunja, K. M., Peter D. Sly, Md Jobayer Chisti, and Abdullah Mamun. "Trajectories of asthma symptom presenting as wheezing and their associations with family environmental factors among children in Australia: evidence from a national birth cohort study." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e059830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059830.
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ObjectivesAsthma is one of the greatest health burdens, yet contributors to asthma symptom trajectories are understudied in Australian children. We aimed to assess the trajectories of asthma symptom and their associations with several family environmental factors during the childhood period in Australia.DesignSecondary analysis from a cross-sequential cohort study.SettingNationwide representative data from the ‘Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)’.ParticipantsParticipants from the LSAC birth cohort.Outcome measuresAsthma symptom trajectory groups.MethodsAsthma symptom presenting as wheezing, family environmental factors and sociodemographic data (2004–2018) were obtained from the LSAC. Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to identify asthma symptom trajectories and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between these and environmental factors.ResultsOf 5107 children in the LSAC cohort, 3846 were included in our final analysis. We identified three distinct asthma symptom trajectories from age 0/1 year to 14/15 years: ‘low/no’ (69%), ‘transient high’ (17%) and ‘persistent high’ (14%). Compared with the ‘low/no’ group, children exposed to ‘moderate and declining’ (relative risk ratio (RRR): 2.22, 95% CI 1.94 to 2.54; RRR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.46) and ‘high and persistent’ prevalence of maternal smoking (RRR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.60; RRR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.44) were at increased risk of being classified into the ‘transient high’ and ‘persistent high’ trajectories of asthma symptom. Persistently bad external dwelling conditions (RRR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.51) were associated with ‘transient high’ trajectory while ‘moderate and increasing’ conditions of cluttered homes (RRR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.56) were associated with ‘persistent high’ trajectory of asthma symptom. Exposure to tobacco smoke inside the house also increased the risk of being in the ‘persistent high’ trajectory group (RRR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.50).ConclusionPoor home environment increased the risk of asthma symptom during childhood. Improving home environment and reducing exposure to tobacco smoke may facilitate a favourable asthma symptom trajectory during childhood.
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Clifford, Susan A., Sarah Davies, and Melissa Wake. "Child Health CheckPoint: cohort summary and methodology of a physical health and biospecimen module for the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020261.
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Objectives‘Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children’ (LSAC) is Australia's only nationally representative children’s longitudinal study, focusing on social, economic, physical and cultural impacts on health, learning, social and cognitive development. LSAC's first decade collected wide-ranging repeated psychosocial and administrative data; here, we describe the Child Health CheckPoint, LSAC’s dedicated biophysical module.Design, setting and participantsLSAC recruited a cross-sequential sample of 5107 infants aged 0–1 year and a sample of 4983 children aged 4–5 years in 2004, since completing seven biennial visits. CheckPoint was a cross-sectional wave that travelled Australia in 2015–2016 to reach LSAC’s younger cohort at ages 11–12 years between LSAC waves 6 and 7. Parent–child pairs participated in comprehensive assessments at 15 Assessment Centres nationwide or, if unable to attend, a shorter home visit.MeasuresCheckPoint’s intergenerational, multidimensional measures were prioritised to show meaningful variation within normal ranges and capture non-communicable disease (NCD) phenotype precursors. These included anthropometry, physical activity, fitness, time use, vision, hearing, and cardiovascular, respiratory and bone health. Biospecimens included blood, saliva, buccal swabs (also from second parent), urine, hair and toenails. The epidemiology and parent–child concordance of many measures are described in separate papers.Results1874 (54% of eligible) parent–child pairs and 1051 second parents participated. Participants' geographical distribution mirrored the broader Australian population; however, mean socioeconomic position and parental education were higher and fewer reported non-English-speaking or Indigenous backgrounds. Application of survey weights partially mitigates that the achieved sample is less population representative than previous waves of LSAC due to non-random attrition. Completeness was uniformly high for phenotypic data (>92% of eligible), biospecimens (74%–97%) and consent (genetic analyses 98%, accessing neonatal blood spots 97%, sharing 96%).ConclusionsCheckPoint enriches LSAC to study how NCDs develop at the molecular and phenotypic levels before overt disease emerges, and clarify the underlying dimensionality of health in childhood and mid-adulthood.
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Masinter, Michael R. "Best practices report from LSAC settlement offers guidance." Disability Compliance for Higher Education 20, no. 9 (March 17, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dhe.30046.
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Masinter, Michael R. "LSAC settlement offers tips for evaluating testing accommodation requests." Campus Legal Advisor 15, no. 9 (April 17, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cala.30100.
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Ostberg, Karen L., Amanda J. DeRocco, Shreni D. Mistry, Mary Kathryne Dickinson, and Cynthia Nau Cornelissen. "Conserved Regions of Gonococcal TbpB Are Critical for Surface Exposure and Transferrin Iron Utilization." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 9 (July 8, 2013): 3442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00280-13.
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ABSTRACTThe transferrin-binding proteins TbpA and TbpB enableNeisseria gonorrhoeaeto obtain iron from human transferrin. The lipoprotein TbpB facilitates, but is not strictly required for, TbpA-mediated iron acquisition. The goal of the current study was to determine the contribution of two conserved regions within TbpB to the function of this protein. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the first mutation we constructed replaced the lipobox (LSAC) of TbpB with a signal I peptidase cleavage site (LAAA), while the second mutation deleted a conserved stretch of glycine residues immediately downstream of the lipobox. We then evaluated the resulting mutants for effects on TbpB expression, surface exposure, and transferrin iron utilization. Western blot analysis and palmitate labeling indicated that the lipobox, but not the glycine-rich motif, is required for lipidation of TbpB and tethering to the outer membrane. TbpB was released into the supernatant by the mutant that produces TbpB LSAC. Neither mutation disrupted the transport of TbpB across the bacterial cell envelope. When these mutant TbpB proteins were produced in a strain expressing a form of TbpA that requires TbpB for iron acquisition, growth on transferrin was either abrogated or dramatically diminished. We conclude that surface tethering of TbpB is required for optimal performance of the transferrin iron acquisition system, while the presence of the polyglycine stretch near the amino terminus of TbpB contributes significantly to transferrin iron transport function. Overall, these results provide important insights into the functional roles of two conserved motifs of TbpB, enhancing our understanding of this critical iron uptake system.
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Van den Eynde, Annelies, and Dimitri Mortelmans. "The Consequences of Work–Family Enrichment in Families on the Behaviour of Children." Social Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9100180.
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This study considers the spillover effect of work-family enrichment in parents on the behaviour of their children. Using a mediation model with parental well-being and parenting styles, the study unravels the associations between a positive perspective on work-life balance and the outcomes in a child’s live. Using 4012 parents from the data of the Australian LSAC (Growing up in Australia), the model shows that children’s behaviour is influenced by parents’ experience of work-family enrichment through parental well-being. Also, parenting performance functions as a mediator between work-family enrichment and the behaviour of the child. Parents show more stimulating parenting behaviour when they experience enrichment between work and their family.
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Dofs, Kerstin. "EAL Student Capability: Taking a Leap Through the Dragon’s Gate." Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37237/130403.
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This ethnographic study, set at a higher educational institution (HEI) in New Zealand, was inspired by the many English as an additional language (EAL)/international students at HEIs prior to the current pandemic situation in the world. The motivation was to understand the students better from a beyond the Language Self-Access Centre (LSAC) perspective and to see if their needs were met competently. Whereas students were using English in a new educational system and in an unfamiliar society, HEIs aim to internationalise in order to provide excellent education for them. The suggestion here is that a transformation through mutual adjustments would benefit both students and institutions. Reflection on measures for both sides to adopt in adjusting to each other is included.
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Priest, Naomi, Anne Kavanagh, Laia Bécares, and Tania King. "Cumulative Effects of Bullying and Racial Discrimination on Adolescent Health in Australia." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 60, no. 3 (September 2019): 344–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146519868847.
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This study examined how cumulative exposure to racial discrimination and bullying victimization influences the health of Australian adolescents (n = 2802) aged 10 to 11 years (19.3% visible ethnic minorities [nonwhite, non-Indigenous]; 2.6% Indigenous) using data from three waves (2010–2014) of the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Cumulative exposure to racial discrimination and bullying victimization had incremental negative effects on socioemotional difficulties. Higher accumulated exposure to both stressors across time was associated with increased body mass index z-scores and risk of overweight/obesity. Studies that examine exposure to single risk factors such as bullying victimization or racial discrimination at one time point only are likely to miss key determinants of health for adolescents from stigmatized racial-ethnic backgrounds and underestimate their stressor burden.
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Baker, Pham, Daniel, and Bentley. "How Does Household Residential Instability Influence Child Health Outcomes? A Quantile Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214189.
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At the core of housing and welfare research is a premise that stable residential environments are important to children’s health and development. The relationship between housing stability and health outcomes for children is, however, complex; stable housing situations are sometimes associated with poorer health outcomes, and some children may be more or less resilient to residential instability. The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) dataset enables us to longitudinally follow the housing and health of more than 10,000 children and their families. We employ a quantile analysis technique, a currently underutilized tool for testing associations across the distribution of an outcome, to test whether exposure to housing instability has a differential impact on children’s health dependent on their initial health status. Our findings suggest that the health outcomes of residential instability are highly dependent on children’s initial health status.
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Li, Hongqiao, and Matthias S. Ullrich. "Characterization and Mutational Analysis of Three Allelic lsc Genes Encoding Levansucrase inPseudomonas syringae." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 3282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.11.3282-3292.2001.
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ABSTRACT In the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringaepv. glycinea PG4180 and other bacterial species, synthesis of the exopolysaccharide levan is catalyzed by the extracellular enzyme levansucrase. The results of Southern blotting and PCR analysis indicated the presence of three levansucrase-encoding genes in strain PG4180: lscA, lscB, andlscC. In this study, lscB andlscC were cloned from a genomic library of strain PG4180. Sequence analysis of the two lsc genes showed that they were virtually identical to each other and highly similar to the previously characterized lscA gene.lscA and lscC had a chromosomal location, whereas lscB resided on an indigenous plasmid of PG4180. Mutants with impaired expression of individual lsc genes and double mutants were generated by marker exchange mutagenesis. Determination of levansucrase activities in these mutants revealed that the lscB gene product was secreted but not that oflscA or lscC. Our results indicated thatlscB and lscC but not lscAcontributed to periplasmic levan synthesis of PG4180. The lscB lscC double mutant was completely defective in levan formation and could be complemented by either lscB orlscC. Our data suggested a compartment-specific localization of two lsc gene products, with LscB being the secreted, extracellular enzyme and LscC being the predominantly periplasmic levansucrase. Results of Western blot analyses indicated that lscA was not expressed and that lscAwas not associated with levansucrase activities in any particular protein fraction. LscA could be detected in PG4180 only when transcribed from the vector-borne P lac promoter. PCR screening in various P. syringae strains with primers derived from the three characterized lscgenes demonstrated the presence of multiple Lsc isoenzymes in otherP. syringae pathovars.
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Bittman, Michael, Leonie Rutherford, Jude Brown, and Lens Unsworth. "Digital Natives? New and Old Media and Children's Outcomes." Australian Journal of Education 55, no. 2 (November 2011): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494411105500206.
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The current generation of young children has been described as ‘digital natives’, having been born into a ubiquitous digital media environment. They are envisaged as educationally independent of the guided interaction provided by ‘digital immigrants’: parents and teachers. This article uses data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) to study the development of vocabulary and traditional literacy in children aged from 0 to 8 years; their access to digital devices; parental mediation practices; children's use of digital devices as recorded in time-diaries; and, finally, the association between patterns of media use and family contexts on children's learning. The analysis shows the importance of the parental context in framing media use for acquiring vocabulary, and suggests that computer (but not games) use is associated with more developed language skills. Independently of these factors, raw exposure to television is not harmful to learning.
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Walker, Sue, and Donna Berthelsen. "Gender Differences in Early Literacy and Mathematics Achievement and Self-regulatory Behaviours in the First Year of School: An Australian Study." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 1 (March 2017): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.1.08.
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THIS PAPER PRESENTS ANALYSES of gender differences in classroom behaviours (e.g. attentiveness and task persistence) and early academic outcomes. Data is drawn from Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian children (LSAC). In these analyses, data from Wave 1 data collection (2004) and Wave 2 data collection (2006) for the Kindergarten Cohort are used. A sample of 2315 children who were in Year 1 of school at Wave 2 data collection are the focus for the analyses reported. The analyses draw on teacher ratings of children's literacy and language competence and mathematical thinking in Year 1 of school; as well as ratings of children's self-regulatory behaviour in the classroom and level of problem behaviours. Girls were rated by their teachers as having better literacy and language outcomes that were predicted by more positive classroom behaviours. Results are discussed with respect to the influence of children's classroom behaviours on academic learning at the beginning of formal schooling.
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Callander, Emily J., Faith Allele, Hayley Roberts, William Guinea, and Daniel B. Lindsay. "The Effect of Childhood ADD/ADHD on Parental Workforce Participation." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 5 (November 19, 2016): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716680076.
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Objective: This research aimed to examine the impact of attention deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD in children on parental labor force participation across different child age groups. Method: This study utilized a longitudinal, quantitative analyses approach. All data were collected from Wave 6 of the Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) survey. Results: After adjusting for various confounders, mothers whose children were 10/11 years old and had been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD were significantly more likely to be out of the labor force compared with those mothers whose child had not been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. The impact was more pronounced for single mothers. No significant influence on paternal labor force participation was found. Conclusion: In assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions for ADD/ADHD, policy makers and researchers must consider the long-term social and economic effects of ADD/ADHD on maternal workforce participation when considering costs and outcomes.
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Nghiem, Son, Viet-Ngu Hoang, Xuan-Binh Vu, and Clevo Wilson. "THE DYNAMIC INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE: NEW EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 5 (December 4, 2017): 683–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000608.
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SummaryThis paper proposes a new empirical model for examining the relationship between obesity and school performance using the simultaneous equation modelling approach. The lagged effects of both learning and health outcomes were included to capture both the dynamic and inter-relational aspects of the relationship between obesity and school performance. The empirical application of this study used comprehensive data from the first five waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), which commenced in 2004 (wave 1) and was repeated every two years until 2018. The study sample included 10,000 children, equally divided between two cohorts (infants and children) across Australia. The empirical results show that past learning and obesity status are strongly associated with most indicators of school outcomes, including reading, writing, spelling, grammar and numeracy national tests, and scores from the internationally standardized Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Matrix Reasoning Test. The main findings of this study are robust due to the choice of obesity indicator and estimation methods.
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Stoddard-Bennett, Nina A., Jordan Coburn, Mikaela J. Dufur, Jonathan A. Jarvis, and Shana L. Pribesh. "Family Structure and Child Behavior Problems in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031780.
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A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on average have fewer behavior problems than those who do not. What is less clear is why this occurs. Competing theories suggest that resource deficiencies and parental selectivity play a part. We suggest that examining different contexts can help adjudicate among different theoretical explanations as to how family structure relates to child behavior problems. In this paper, we use data from the Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) to examine the relationship between family structure and child behavior problems. Specifically, we look at how living in several configurations of biological and social parents may relate to child behavior problems. Findings suggest both similarities and differences across the three settings, with explanations in the UK results favoring selectivity theories, US patterns suggesting that there is a unique quality to family structure that can explain outcomes, and the Australian results favoring resource theories.
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O’Kearney, R., and S. Goh. "Emotional and behavioural outcome for children with early communication difficulties: Evidence from the longitudinal study of Australian children (LSAC)." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.235.
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Sims, Margaret, and Huy P. Phan. "Has a National Policy Focus on Early Childhood Made a Difference for Indigenous Children? An Analysis of LSAC Data." International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy 7, no. 2 (November 2013): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/2288-6729-7-2-33.
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Yiengprugsawan, Vasoontara, and Anthony Hogan. "Ear Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors, Comorbidity, and Health Service Use in Australian Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963132.
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This study investigates and identifies risk factors, comorbidity, and health service use related to ear infection in Australian children. Two cross-sectional analyses of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) involved 4,983 children aged 4 to 5 years in 2004 and aged 10 to 11 years in 2010. Odds ratios (ORs) were analysed using bivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of parent-reported ear infection was 7.9% (394) among children aged 4 to 5 years and 3.3% (139) at 10 to 11 years. Our study found that risk factors associated with ear infection were indigenous status, not being breastfed, mother or father smoking at least once a day, and father’s school completion at year 9 or lower. By age 10 to 11 years significantly reported comorbidities were tonsillitis (OR 4.67;P<0.001), headache (OR 2.13;P=0.006), and asthma (OR 1.67;P=0.003) and ear infection was found to be associated with the use of pediatrician (OR 1.83;P=0.031), other specialist (OR 2.12;P<0.001), and early intervention services (OR 3.08;P=0.010). This empirical evidence can be used to inform the development of intervention and management programs for ear infection.
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Pribesh, Shana L., Jane Smith Carson, Mikaela J. Dufur, Yuanyuan Yue, and Kathy Morgan. "Family Structure Stability and Transitions, Parental Involvement, and Educational Outcomes." Social Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9120229.
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The family environments children live in have profound effects on the skills, resources, and attitudes those children bring to school. Researchers studying family structure have found that children who live with two married, opposite-sex, biological parents, on average, have better educational outcomes than children living in alternate family structures, perhaps due to higher resources, lower stressors, or different selectivity patterns. Socioeconomic stratification plays a major role in family structure, with low-income families seeing more instability. We argue that the impact of family structure is attenuated by transitions in and out of family structures that may decrease a specific resource important to child academic outcomes: parental involvement. This may contribute to increased academic differences already noted across class gaps. Using waves 1 to 6 of the Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) data, we examine the relationship of family stability and transitions from birth to age 10/11 years on parental involvement and educational outcomes, adjusted for resource, stressor, and selectivity covariates. We find that changes in parental involvement are only apparent for families that experience both a transition and single parenting, and that these differences in parental involvement impact academic outcomes.
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Ahmad, Kabir, Amanda Beatson, Marilyn Campbell, Rubayyat Hashmi, Byron W. Keating, Rory Mulcahy, Aimee Riedel, and Shasha Wang. "The impact of gender and age on bullying role, self-harm and suicide: Evidence from a cohort study of Australian children." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): e0278446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278446.
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There has been limited longitudinal investigation to date into the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality in Australia and the impact of specific demographic differences on this relationship. This is despite the continued rise in the incidence of bullying, self-harm, and suicide. As such, the current study draws on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian children (LSAC) to examine the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality and explore the impact of demographic differences across three bullying related behaviors (being bullied, bullying others and being both bullied and bullying others). The evidence indicates that bully-victims exhibit the highest risk of self-harm and suicidality in Australia. When considering demographic differences, it was identified that females and adolescents aged 16-17-years-of-age had the highest risk of self-harm and suicidality. Further, a direct curvilinear relationship between age and the categories of self-harm was identified with an inflection point around 16–17 years. The study supports the need for further investigation into the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality longitudinally with a particular focus on other moderators.
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Maloney, Dr Elizabeth, Delyse Hutchinson, Dr Lucy Burns, and Richard P. Mattick. "Prevalence of and characteristics associated with persistent smoking among Australian mothers and fathers: Findings from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)." Journal of Family Studies 16, no. 2 (August 2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jfs.16.2.165.
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Lewis, Andrew J., and Craig A. Olsson. "Early Life Stress and Child Temperament Style as Predictors of Childhood Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children." Depression Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/296026.
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Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between stressful infant environments and later childhood anxiety and depressive symptoms varies as a function of individual differences in temperament style.Methods. Data was drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). This study examined 3425 infants assessed at three time points, at 1-year, at 2/3 years and at 4/5 years. Temperament was measured using a 12-item version of Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS) and was scored for reactive, avoidant, and impulsive dimensions. Logistic regression was used to model direct relationships and additive interactions between early life stress, temperament, and emotional symptoms at 4 years of age. Analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic status, parental education, and marital status.Results. Stressful family environments experienced in the infant's first year of life (high versus low) and high reactive, avoidant, and impulsive temperament styles directly and independently predicted anxiety and depressive problems in children at 4 years of age. There was no evidence of interaction between temperament and family stress exposure.Conclusions. Both infant temperament and stress exposures are independent and notable predictors of later anxiety and depressive problems in childhood. The risk relationship between stress exposure in infancy and childhood emotion problems did not vary as a function of infant temperament. Implications for preventive intervention and future research directions are discussed.
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Rodgus, Jonah, Ruta Prakapaite, Panagiotis Mitsidis, Ramune Grigaleviciute, Rita Planciuniene, Povilas Kavaliauskas, and Elita Jauneikaite. "Molecular Epidemiology of Group B Streptococci in Lithuania Identifies Multi-Drug Resistant Clones and Sporadic ST1 Serotypes Ia and Ib." Pathogens 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091060.
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Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal infections. Yet, detailed assessment of the genotypic and phenotypic factors associated with GBS carriage, mother-to-baby transmission, and GBS infection in neonates and adults is lacking. Understanding the distribution of GBS genotypes, including the predominance of different serotypes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence factors, is likely to help to prevent GBS diseases, as well as inform estimates of the efficacy of future GBS vaccines. To this end, we set out to characterise GBS isolates collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women in Kaunas region in Lithuania. Whole genome sequences of 42 GBS isolates were analysed to determine multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), the presence of acquired AMR and surface protein genes, and the phylogenetic relatedness of isolates. We identified serotypes Ia (42.9%, 18/42), III (33.3%, 14/42), V (21.4%, 9/42), and a single isolate of serotype Ib. Genomic analyses revealed high diversity among the isolates, with 18 sequence types (STs) identified, including three novel STs. 85.7% (36/42) of isolates carried at least one AMR gene: tetM or tetO (35/42), ermB or lsaC (8/42) and ant6-Ia and aph3-III (2/42). This study represents the first genomic analysis of GBS isolated from women in Lithuania and contributes to an improved understanding of the global spread of GBS genotypes and phenotypes, laying the foundations for future GBS surveillance in Lithuania.
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Gabanella, Francesca, Andrea Colizza, Maria Chiara Mottola, Silvia Francati, Giovanna Blaconà, Carla Petrella, Christian Barbato, et al. "The RNA-Binding Protein SMN as a Novel Player in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021794.
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx, sino-nasal region, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents one-third of all head and neck cancers. Dysregulated RNA-related pathways define an important molecular signature in this aggressive carcinoma. The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein regulates fundamental aspects of the RNA metabolism but, curiously, its role in cancer is virtually unknown. For the first time, here, we focus on the SMN in the cancer context. We conducted a pilot study in a total of 20 patients with LSCC where the SMN was found overexpressed at both the protein and transcript levels. By a cellular model of human laryngeal carcinoma, we demonstrated that the SMN impacts cancer-relevant behaviors and perturbs key players of cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, in LSCC we showed a physical interaction between the SMN and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), whose overexpression is an important feature in these tumors. This study proposes the SMN protein as a novel therapeutic target in LSSC and likely in the whole spectrum of HNSCC. Overall, we provide the first analysis of the SMN in human cancer.
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Khan, Asaduzzaman, and Nicola W. Burton. "Electronic Games, Television, and Psychological Wellbeing of Adolescents: Mediating Role of Sleep and Physical Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168877.
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This study investigated the associations between two common recreational screen activities and the psychological wellbeing of adolescents, and whether this association was mediated by sleep duration or physical activity frequency. This study used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data from 2946 adolescents (mean age 16.9 [0.38] years; 49% female) in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Adolescents provided information on daily time spent for each of the following: playing electronic games and watching television, time of sleep onset and wakeup, and number of days/week doing ≥60 min/day of physical activity. Psychological wellbeing was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations, and a contemporary multiple mediation analysis was used to examine the mediation effects. One fifth (20%) of adolescents were categorized as having poor wellbeing (SDQ total ≥17) with a significant sex difference (males: 16%; females: 24%; p < 0.001). Playing electronic games was inversely associated with psychological wellbeing for both male and female adolescents (p < 0.001). Watching television was inversely associated with psychological wellbeing for female adolescents (p < 0.001). Sleep duration and physical activity frequency were found to partially mediate the relationships between playing electronic games and the psychological wellbeing of male and female adolescents. Physical activity frequency partially mediated the association between television watching and wellbeing among female adolescents. Longitudinal studies are required to determine the causal pathway between screen-based activities and the wellbeing of adolescents, and to inform intervention strategies.
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Mannan, Haider. "Early Infant Feeding of Formula or Solid Foods and Risk of Childhood Overweight or Obesity in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Region of Australia: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081685.
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In southwestern Sydney the timing of introduction of formula and solids may be associated with risk of childhood overweight or obesity, and this may vary by age at breastfeeding cessation during first year. We included 346 infants from southwestern Sydney using the longitudinal study for Australian children (LSAC), who at baseline were singleton, full term, and normal weight births. The outcome risk of overweight or obesity was measured at every two-year interval of children aged 0 or 1 year at baseline until they reached age 10 or 11, defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile, using the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Age at introduction to formula or solids was dichotomized at four months. We used mixed effects logistic regression for performing all analyses with and without adjusting for mother’s BMI, age during pregnancy, and social disadvantage index. Missing data were estimated using multivariate normal imputation having 25 imputations. The odds of overweight or obesity were significantly higher among infants introduced to formula or solids at ≤4 months compared to those introduced at >4 months in both unadjusted (odds ratio = 2.3262, p = 0.023) and adjusted (odds ratio = 1.9543, p = 0.0475) analyses. The odds of overweight or obesity when age at formula or solids introduction was held fixed at ≤4 months, increased significantly (odds ratio = 2.0856, p = 0.0215) for children stopping breastfeeding at age ≤4 months compared to >4 months. Thus, increasing the prevalence of breast-feeding without any formula or solids to 4–6 months in southwest Sydney should be a worthwhile public health measure.
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F. I., Ologbose. "Sire Effect on Reproductive and Growth Performance of Local and Exotic Sows In Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Biotechnology Research, no. 71 (November 19, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.71.12.17.
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The study was conducted to determine sire effect on reproductive and growth performance of local and exotic sows in Rivers State, Nigeria. The experiment involved three breeds of pigs (Local pigs (LP), Landrace (Lr) and Large White (Lw)). Eighteen breeding pigs consisting three local sires and fifteen gilts (local and exotic) were used to generate seventy two progenies for the experiment. Reproductive performance such as Gestation length (GL), Litter size at birth (LSAB), Litter weight at birth (LWAB), Litter size at weaning (LSAW) and Litter Weight at Weaning (LWAW) were taken from the three different crosses for comparison. Data on quantitative traits such as Body weight (BW), Body length (BL), Heart Girth (HG), Height at wither (HT) and Rear Girth (RG) were taken on seventy two progenies resulting from the three crosses. The results showed significant (P<0.05) difference of sire on GL, LSAB, LWAB, LSAW and LWAW. LP x Lw performed better than LP x Lr in all the reproductive performances considered while, LP x LP recorded the least. The result also revealed that there was significant (P<0.05) effect of sire on the growth performance (i.e body weight and linear body measurements) of the progenies produced from the different three crosses used for the study, where, progenies from LP x Lr recorded highest BW and linear body measurements than progenies from LP x Lw, while, progenies from LP x LP recorded the least at week 0 (birth), 6 (weaning) and 12. The improvement in crossbred could be attributed to dominant genes from the exotic sow.
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Vlok, Jennifer, Peter J. Simm, Kate Lycett, Susan A. Clifford, Anneke C. Grobler, Katherine Lange, Najmi Ismail, William Osborn, and Melissa Wake. "pQCT bone geometry and strength: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022400.
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ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology and concordance of bone health in a population-based sample of Australian parent-child dyads at child age 11–12 years.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint) nested between waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven cities around Australia, February 2015–March 2016.Participants: of all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), bone data were available for 1222 dyads (1271 children, 50% girls; 1250 parents, 86% mothers).Outcome measuresPeripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) of the non-dominant leg scanned at the 4% (distal) and 66% (mid-calf) tibial sites. Stratec XCT 2000 software generated estimates of bone density, geometry and polar stress-strain index.Parent-child concordance were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models. Percentiles were determined using survey weights. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsConcordances were greater for the geometric pQCT parameters (periosteal circumference 0.38, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.43; endosteal circumference 0.42, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.47; total cross-sectional area 0.37, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.42) than density (cortical density 0.25, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.30). Mother-child and father-child values were similar. Relationships attenuated only slightly on adjustment for age, sex and body mass index. Percentiles and concordance are presented for the whole sample and by sex.ConclusionsThere is strong parent-child concordance in bone geometry and, to a lesser extent, density even before the period of peak adolescent bone deposition. This geometrical concordance suggests that future intergenerational bone studies could consider using pQCT rather than the more commonly used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
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Gasser, Constantine E., Fiona K. Mensah, Susan A. Clifford, Jessica A. Kerr, and Melissa Wake. "Parental health behaviour predictors of childhood and adolescent dietary trajectories." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 10 (March 21, 2018): 1874–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000563.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine which parental health behaviours early in childhood most strongly predict whole-of-childhood dietary trajectories.DesignPopulation-based Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC, waves 1–6; 2004–2014). Exposures were parents’ fruit/vegetable consumption, alcohol, smoking and physical activity at child age 0–1 years (B Cohort) or 4–5 years (K Cohort). Outcomes, from repeated biennial short diet diaries, were group-based trajectories of (i) dietary scores and empirically derived patterns of (ii) healthful and (iii) unhealthful foods consumed, spanning ages 2–3 to 10–11 years (B Cohort) and 4–5 to 14–15 years (K Cohort). We investigated associations of baseline parental health behaviours with child dietary trajectories using multinomial logistic regression.SettingAustralian homes.SubjectsOf children, 4443 (87·0 %) from the B Cohort and 4620 (92·7 %) from the K Cohort were included in all trajectories. Multivariable analyses included 2719 to 2905 children and both parents.ResultsChildren whose primary caregiver reported the lowest fruit/vegetable consumption had markedly higher odds of belonging to the least healthy score and pattern trajectories (K Cohort: OR=8·7, 95 % CI 5·0, 15·1 and OR=8·4, 95 % CI 4·8, 14·7, respectively); associations were weaker (K Cohort: OR=2·3, 95 % CI 1·0, 5·2) for the unhealthiest pattern trajectory. Secondary caregiver fruit/vegetable associations were smaller and inconsistent. Parental alcohol, smoking and physical activity were not predictive in multivariable analyses. Results were largely replicated for the B Cohort.ConclusionsLow primary caregiver fruit/vegetable consumption increased nearly ninefold the odds of children being in the lowest intake of healthy, but only weakly predicted unhealthy, food trajectories. Healthy and unhealthy food intake may have different determinants.
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Islam, Md Irteja, Joseph Freeman, Verity Chadwick, and Alexandra Martiniuk. "Healthcare Avoidance before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Australian Youth: A Longitudinal Study." Healthcare 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071261.
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Background: Access to healthcare for young people is essential to ensure they can build a foundation for a healthy life. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many people avoided seeking healthcare, adversely affecting population health. We investigated the factors associated with the avoidance of healthcare for Australian young people when they reported that they needed healthcare. We were able to compare healthcare avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic with healthcare avoidance prior to COVID-19. Methods: We used two recent data collection waves from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)—Wave 9C1 during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and Wave 8 data which were collected in 2018. The primary outcome of this study revealed the avoidance of healthcare among those who perceived the need for care. Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify the factors associated with the avoidance of healthcare during the COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 periods. Results: In the sample of 1110 young people, 39.6% avoided healthcare during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic even though they perceived that they had a health problem that required healthcare. This healthcare avoidance was similar to the healthcare avoidance in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period (41.4%). The factors most strongly associated with healthcare avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic were female gender, an ongoing medical condition, and moderately high psychological distress. In comparison, prior to the pandemic, the factor associated with healthcare avoidance was only psychological distress. The most common reason for not seeking healthcare was thinking that the problem would spontaneously resolve itself (55.9% during COVID-19 vs. 35.7% pre-COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusions: A large proportion of youths avoided healthcare when they felt they needed to seek care, both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kahn, Freya K., Melissa Wake, Kate Lycett, Susan Clifford, David P. Burgner, Greta Goldsmith, Anneke C. Grobler, Katherine Lange, and Michael Cheung. "Vascular function and stiffness: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020896.
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ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology and parent–child concordance of vascular function in a population-based sample of Australian parent–child dyads at child age 11–12 years.DesignCross-sectional study (Child Health CheckPoint), nested within a prospective cohort study, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven major Australian cities and eight regional towns or home visits, February 2015–March 2016.ParticipantsOf all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), 1840 children (49% girls) and 1802 parents (88% mothers) provided vascular function data. Survey weights and methods were applied to account for LSAC’s complex sample design and clustering within postcodes and strata.Outcome measuresThe SphygmoCor XCEL assessed vascular function, generating estimates of brachial and central systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, central pulse pressure, augmentation index and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models estimated parent–child concordance.ResultsHypertension was present in 3.9% of children and 9.0% of parents. Mean child and parent values for augmentation index were 4.5% (SD 11.6) and 21.3% (SD 12.3), respectively, and those for carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity were 4.48 m/s (SD 0.59) and 6.85 m/s (SD 1.14), respectively. Parent–child correlation for brachial systolic blood pressure was 0.20 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.24), brachial diastolic blood pressure 0.21 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.26), central systolic blood pressure 0.21 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.25), central diastolic blood pressure 0.21 (95% CI0.17 to 0.26), central pulse pressure 0.19 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.24), augmentation index 0.28 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.32) and pulse wave velocity 0.22 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.27).ConclusionsWe report Australian values for traditional and more novel vascular function markers, providing a reference for future population studies. Cross-generational concordance in multiple vascular function markers is already established by age 11–12 years, with mechanisms of heritability remaining to be explored.
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Catchpool, Max, Lisa Gold, Anneke C. Grobler, Susan A. Clifford, and Melissa Wake. "Health-related quality of life: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022398.
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ObjectivesTo describe the distribution of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a national sample of Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents, and examine associations within parent–child dyads.DesignThe Child Health CheckPoint, a population-based cross-sectional study nested between waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian cities and eight regional towns, or home visit; February 2015 to March 2016.ParticipantsOf all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), 1853 children (49.0% girls) and 1863 parents (87.7% mothers) with HRQL data were included (1786 pairs).Outcome measuresHRQL was self-reported using preference-based (Child Health Utility 9Dimension, CHU9D) and non-preference-based (Pediatric Quality of Life, PedsQL V.4.0) measures for children and preference-based measures for parents (CHU9D; Assessment of Quality of Life 8 Dimension, AQoL-8D). Utility scores from preference-based measures were calculated using existing Australian algorithms to present a score on a 0–1 scale, where 1 represents full health. Parent–child concordance was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and adjusted linear regression models. Survey weights and methods were applied to account for LSAC’s complex sample design, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsChildren’s means and SD were 0.81 (SD 0.16) for CHU9D and 78.3 (SD 13.03) for PedsQL. In adults, mean HRQL for AQoL-8D and CHU9D were 0.78 (SD 0.16) and 0.89 (SD 0.10), respectively. Mean HRQL was similar for boys and girls, but slightly higher for fathers than mothers. The Pearson correlation coefficient for parent–child CHU9D values was 0.13 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.18). Percentiles and concordance are presented for both samples for males and females separately and together.ConclusionsWe provide Australian paediatric population values for HRQL measures, and the first national CHU9D values for mid-life adults. At age 11–12 years in this relatively healthy sample, parent–child concordance in HRQL was small.
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Dascalu, Julian, Mengjiao Liu, Kate Lycett, Anneke C. Grobler, Mingguang He, David P. Burgner, Tien Yin Wong, and Melissa Wake. "Retinal microvasculature: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022399.
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ObjectivesTo describe distributions and concordance of retinal microvasculature measurements in a population-based sample of Australian parent–child dyads at child age 11–12 years.DesignCross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study, between waves 6 and 7 of the national population-based Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian cities, February 2015–March 2016.ParticipantsOf the 1874 participating families, 1288 children (51% girls) and 1264 parents (87% mothers, mean age 43.7) were analysed. Diabetic participants and non-biological pairs were excluded from concordance analyses.Outcome measuresRetinal photographs were taken by non-mydriatic fundus camera. Trained graders scored vascular calibre using semi-automated software, yielding estimates of central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and arteriolar–venular ratio (AVR). Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models assessed parent–child concordance. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsMean (SD) of CRAE and CRVE were larger in children (159.5 (11.8) and 231.1 (16.5) μm, respectively) than parents (151.5 (14.0) and 220.6 (19.0) μm), yielding similar AVR (children 0.69 (0.05), parents 0.69 (0.06)). Correlation coefficients for parent–child pairs were 0.22 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.27) for CRAE, 0.23 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.28) for CRVE and 0.18 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.24) for AVR. Mother–child and father–child values were similar (0.20 and 0.32 for CRAE, 0.22 and 0.29 for CRVE, respectively). Relationships attenuated slightly on adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, diabetes and body mass index. Percentiles and concordance are presented for the whole sample and by sex.ConclusionsArteriolar and venular calibre were similar to previously documented measures in midlife adult and late childhood populations. Population parent–child concordance values align with moderate polygenic heritability reported in smaller studies.
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Welsh, Liam, Gayan Kathriachchige, Tahmeed Raheem, Anneke C. Grobler, Melissa Wake, and Sarath Ranganathan. "Lung function: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023486.
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ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of lung function in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents, and explore the degree of intergenerational concordance.DesignCross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint) nested in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian cities and eight regional towns, February 2015 to March 2016. Families unable to attend a clinic appointment were offered a home visit during the same period.Participants1874 families (53% of all eligible) participated in the study. Lung function data were available for 1759 children aged 11–12 years and 1774 parents (1668 biological pairs).Outcome measuresParticipants completed spirometry with measures including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid expiratory flow (MEF), converted to z-scores using Global Lung Initiative equations. Parent–child concordance was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsAll lung function measures followed approximately normal distributions. Mean (SD) for FEV1, FVC and MEF z-scores in children were 0.33 (1.07), 0.83 (1.14) and −0.48 (1.09), respectively. Mean (SD) in parents were 0.28 (1.10), 0.85 (1.15) and −0.45 (1.10), respectively. Parent FEV1, FVC and MEF were associated with child lung function with significant positive correlation coefficients (0.22, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.26; 0.24, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.29; and 0.24, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.29, respectively).ConclusionsMean lung volumes were larger but with smaller airway size than international standards for both parents and children in this population sample. Modest associations between parent and child lung function highlight the potential for better identification of ‘at risk’ populations. Therefore, these findings may aid the development of health policy that aims to prevent the onset or limit the progression of lung disease.
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Clifford, Susan A., Alanna N. Gillespie, Timothy Olds, Anneke C. Grobler, and Melissa Wake. "Body composition: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023698.
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ObjectivesOverweight and obesity remain at historically high levels, cluster within families and are established risk factors for multiple diseases. We describe the epidemiology and cross-generational concordance of body composition among Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents.DesignThe population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study, nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven major Australian cities and eight regional cities, or home visits; February 2015–March 2016.ParticipantsOf all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), body composition data were available for 1872 children (49% girls) and 1852 parents (mean age 43.7 years; 88% mothers), including 1830 biological parent-child pairs.MeasuresHeight, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for all participants; body fat and fat-free mass by four-limb bioimpedence analysis (BIA) at assessment centres, or body fat percentage by two-limb BIA at home visits. Analysis: parent-child concordance was assessed using (i) Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and (ii) partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic disadvantage. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sample design.Results20.7% of children were overweight and 6.2% obese, as were 33.5% and 31.6% of parents. Boys and girls showed similar distributions for all body composition measures but, despite similar BMI and waist-to-height ratio, mothers had higher proportions of total and truncal fat than fathers. Parent-child partial correlations were greatest for height (0.37, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.42). Other anthropometric and fat/lean measures showed strikingly similar partial correlations, ranging from 0.25 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.29) for waist circumference to 0.30 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.34) for fat-free percentage. Whole-sample and sex-specific percentile values are provided for all measures.ConclusionsExcess adiposity remains prevalent in Australian children and parents. Moderate cross-generational concordance across all measures of leanness and adiposity is already evident by late childhood.
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Liu, Richard S., Sophie Dunn, Anneke C. Grobler, Katherine Lange, Denise Becker, Greta Goldsmith, John B. Carlin, Markus Juonala, Melissa Wake, and David P. Burgner. "Carotid artery intima–media thickness, distensibility and elasticity: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years old and their parents." BMJ Open 9, Suppl 3 (July 2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020264.
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ObjectivesTo describe a well-established marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and related measures (artery distensibility and elasticity) in children aged 11–12 years old and mid-life adults, and examine associations within parent–child dyads.DesignCross-sectional study (Child Health CheckPoint), nested within a prospective cohort study, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian major cities and eight selected regional towns, February 2015 to March 2016.ParticipantsOf all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), 1489 children (50.0% girls) and 1476 parents (86.8% mothers) with carotid IMT data were included. Survey weights and methods were applied to account for LSAC’s complex sample design and clustering within postcodes and strata.Outcome measuresUltrasound of the right carotid artery was performed using standardised protocols. Primary outcomes were mean and maximum far-wall carotid IMT, quantified using semiautomated edge detection software. Secondary outcomes were carotid artery distensibility and elasticity. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess parent–child concordance. Random effects modelling on a subset of ultrasounds (with repeated measurements) was used to assess reliability of the child carotid IMT measure.ResultsThe average mean and maximum child carotid IMT were 0.50 mm (SD 0.06) and 0.58 mm (SD 0.05), respectively. In adults, average mean and maximum carotid IMT were 0.57 mm (SD 0.07) and 0.66 mm (SD 0.10), respectively. Mother–child correlations for mean and maximum carotid IMT were 0.12 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.23) and 0.10 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.21), respectively. For carotid artery distensibility and elasticity, mother–child correlations were 0.19 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.25) and 0.11 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.18), respectively. There was no strong evidence of father–child correlation in any measure.ConclusionsWe provide Australian values for carotid vascular measures and report a modest mother–child concordance. Both genetic and environmental exposures are likely to contribute to carotid IMT.
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BenMohamed, Lbachir, Alan Thomas, and Pierre Druilhe. "Long-Term Multiepitopic Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Responses Induced in Chimpanzees by Combinations of Plasmodium falciparum Liver-Stage Peptides and Lipopeptides." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 8 (August 2004): 4376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.8.4376-4384.2004.
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ABSTRACT Preclinical immunogenicity studies of 12 malaria peptides, selected from four Plasmodium falciparum antigens (Ags), namely, LSA1, LSA3, SALSA, and STARP, that are expressed at the pre-erythrocytic (sporozoite and liver) stages of the human parasite were carried out in chimpanzees. To strengthen their immunogenicity, six of these synthetic peptides were modified by the C-terminal addition of a single palmitoyl chain (lipopeptides) and delivered without adjuvant, whereas the remaining six unmodified peptides were emulsified and delivered by using Montanide ISA51 adjuvant. We have previously reported that these peptides and lipopeptides induce high B-cell and CD4+-T-helper responses in chimpanzees. In this report, we show their ability to induce multiepitopic and long-lasting antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The magnitude, consistency, and memory of CTL responses generated by LSA3 peptides point to the strong immunogenicity of this liver-stage Ag. These findings support the screening strategy used to select the four P. falciparum pre-erythrocytic Ags and emphasize their valuable immunogenic properties. The successful immunization of nonhuman primates with combinations of corresponding peptides in a mineral oil emulsion (ISA51) and lipopeptides in saline provide a vaccine formulation that can be tested in humans.
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Perlaza, Blanca Liliana, Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Karima Brahimi, Gustavo Quintero, Julio Cesar Palomino, Hélène Gras-Masse, André Tartar, Pierre Druilhe, and Sócrates Herrera. "Immunogenicity of Four Plasmodium falciparum Preerythrocytic Antigens in Aotus lemurinus Monkeys." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 3423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.7.3423-3428.1998.
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ABSTRACT Aotus lemurinus monkeys were immunized with pools of either lipid-tailed peptides injected in PBS or peptides in Montanide ISA-51, all derived from four Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens, namely, LSA1, LSA3, SALSA, and STARP. These formulations were well tolerated. Their immunogenicity was demonstrated by the induction of both B- and T-cell responses to most of the peptides studied (of the 12, 10 induced antibody production, 9 induced T-cell proliferative responses, and all 12 induced gamma interferon secretion). Immune responses proved to be long lasting, since some were still detectable 210 days after immunization. Of particular importance is the fact that B- and T-cell responses elicited in this way by synthetic peptides were specific for native parasite proteins on P. falciparumsporozoites and liver stage parasites.
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Yaşaroğlu, Cihat. "Teachers' Opinions on Teaching and Assessing Methods in the Life Science Curriculum in the Context of Values." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v3i2.p107-112.
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This research aims to investigate teachers' opinions about teaching and assessing methods that predicted in Life Sciences Course Curriculum (LSCC) in accordance of value education. Survey model was used in this research to achieve this aim. The study population consisted of 155 classroom teachers who serve in city center of Bingöl province, Turkey. An assessment instrument consisting of two chapters and developed by the researcher was used to collect data. The first chapter includes personal information about participants and the second chapter includes items that try to determine recommended teaching and assessing methods in LSSC. Arithmetic means and standard deviation were used for data analysis. It was found that teachers rated teaching and assessing methods proper. It is wished that this study will be useful for teachers, curriculum development specialists and decision makers in education system.
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Ahmad, Kabir, Enamul Kabir, Syed Afroz Keramat, and Rasheda Khanam. "Maternal health and health-related behaviours and their associations with child health: Evidence from an Australian birth cohort." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): e0257188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257188.
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Objective This study investigates the associations between maternal health and health-related behaviours (nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) both during pregnancy and up to 15 months from childbirth and children’s health outcomes during infancy and adolescence (general health, presence of a chronic illness, and physical health outcome index). Methods This study used Wave 1 (2004) and Wave 7 (2016) data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children (LSAC). We measured mothers’ general health, presence of a medical condition during pregnancy and mental health during pregnancy or in the year after childbirth. We subsequently measured the children’s general health, presence of a medical condition, and physical health outcome index at ages 0–1 (infancy) and 12–13 (adolescence). Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between the mothers’ health-related variables and their children’s health. Results Our results showed that poor general health of the mother in the year after childbirth was associated with higher odds of poor health in infants and adolescents in all three dimensions: poor general health (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.16–4.52 for infants; OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.95–2.04 for adolescents), presence of a chronic condition (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19–1.81 for adolescents) and lower physical health score (b = −0.94, p-value <0.05 for adolescents). Our study also revealed that the presence of a chronic condition in mothers during pregnancy significantly increased the likelihood of the presence of a chronic condition in their offspring during infancy (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12–1.54) and during adolescence (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75). The study found that stressful life events faced by mothers increase the odds of poor general health or any chronic illness during adolescence, while stress, anxiety or depression during pregnancy and psychological distress in the year after childbirth increase the odds of any chronic illness during infancy. Conclusions The present study found evidence that poor maternal physical and mental health during pregnancy or up to 15 months from childbirth has adverse health consequences for their offspring as measured by general health, presence of chronic health conditions, and physical health index scores. This suggests that initiatives to improve maternal physical and mental health would not only improve child health but would also reduce the national health burden.
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Tang, Tian, and Feng Zeng. "NFIB-Mediated lncRNA PVT1 Aggravates Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via the miR-1301-3p/MBNL1 Axis." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (November 12, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8675123.
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Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of head and neck cancers. In the past decades, although the therapy strategies of LSCC have made considerable improvement, the terrible outcomes of LSCC still bring an enormous burden to the world health care system. Novel therapeutic targets for LSCC are urgently needed. lncRNAs exert important roles in various biological progressions, including LSCC. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of lncRNA PVT1 in LSCC progression and its underlying molecular mechanisms. By conducting multiple experiments, our results showed that lncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in LSCC cell lines and regulated LSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and its cell susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, it was found that lncRNA PVT1 promotes MBNL1 expression to regulate LSCC cellular progression through sponging miR-1301-3p. Our study might provide novel targets for LSCC basic research or clinical management.
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Xie, Guanhua, Lin Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Lei Wang, and Laurie D. DeLeve. "Isolation of periportal, midlobular, and centrilobular rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells enables study of zonated drug toxicity." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 5 (November 2010): G1204—G1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00302.2010.
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Many liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC)-dependent processes, including drug-induced liver injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute and chronic rejection, fibrosis, and the HELLP (hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) syndrome, may have a lobular distribution. Studies of the mechanism of this distribution would benefit from a reliable method to isolate LSEC populations from different regions. We established and verified a simple method to isolate periportal, midlobular, and centrilobular LSEC. Three subpopulations of LSEC were isolated by immunomagnetic separation on the basis of CD45 expression. Flow cytometry showed that 78.2 ± 2.3% of LSEC were CD45 positive and that LSEC could be divided into CD45 bright (28.6 ± 2.7% of total population), dim (49.6 ± 1.0%), and negative populations (21.8 ± 2.3%). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that in vivo expression of CD45 in LSEC had a lobular distribution with enhanced CD45 staining in periportal LSEC. Cell diameter, fenestral diameter, number of fenestrae per sieve plate and per cell, porosity, and lectin uptake were significantly different in the subpopulations, consistent with the literature. Endocytosis of low concentrations of the LSEC-specific substrate, formaldehyde-treated serum albumin, was restricted to CD45 bright and dim LSEC. Acetaminophen was more toxic to the CD45 dim and negative populations than to the CD45 bright population. In conclusion, CD45 is highly expressed in periportal LSEC, low in midlobular LSEC, and negative in centrilobular LSEC, and this provides an easy separation method to isolate LSEC from the three different hepatic regions. The LSEC subpopulations obtained by this method are adequate for functional studies and drug toxicity testing.
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Ruiz, E. Josue, Markus E. Diefenbacher, Jessica K. Nelson, Rocio Sancho, Fabio Pucci, Atanu Chakraborty, Paula Moreno, et al. "LUBAC determines chemotherapy resistance in squamous cell lung cancer." Journal of Experimental Medicine 216, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 450–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180742.
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Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and adenocarcinoma (LADC) are the most common lung cancer subtypes. Molecular targeted treatments have improved LADC patient survival but are largely ineffective in LSCC. The tumor suppressor FBW7 is commonly mutated or down-regulated in human LSCC, and oncogenic KRasG12D activation combined with Fbxw7 inactivation in mice (KF model) caused both LSCC and LADC. Lineage-tracing experiments showed that CC10+, but not basal, cells are the cells of origin of LSCC in KF mice. KF LSCC tumors recapitulated human LSCC resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and we identified LUBAC-mediated NF-κB signaling as a determinant of chemotherapy resistance in human and mouse. Inhibition of NF-κB activation using TAK1 or LUBAC inhibitors resensitized LSCC tumors to cisplatin, suggesting a future avenue for LSCC patient treatment.
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Legault, Jean, Pierre-Luc Larouche, Isabelle Côté, Line Bouchard, André Pichette, Brian H. Robinson, and Charles Morin. "Low-Concentration Methylene Blue Maintains Energy Production and Strongly Improves Survival of Leigh Syndrome French Canadian Skin Fibroblasts." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 3 (December 2, 2011): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3m01x.
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Abstract - Leigh syndrome French Canadian (LSFC) is a recessive disease caused by mutations in the LRPPRC gene (leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein). These mutations induce a cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency resulting in episodes of acute acidotic crisis that will often lead to death. There is no effective treatment. Methylene blue (MB) is a redox dye that increases COX content and activity in vitro and in vivo suggesting that MB could prevent and treat LSFC. In this study, the protective effect of low-concentration MB was tested on two LSFC cell lines, including LSFC-F1, homozygous for the mutation A354V, and LSFC-F2 a compound heterozygous for the mutations A354V and C12775STOP. MB effect on metabolic activity was assessed on both LSFC cells in stable and acidotic conditions. For LSFC-F1, results showed that metabolic activity drastically decline after 96 hours in both conditions but not LSFC-F2 and normal cells. MB completely prevents the decrease of metabolic activity in LSFC-F1. Intracellular ATP content was also measured in both culture media. After 96 hours in acidotic medium, ATP content was almost completely depleted for both LSFC cells. Interestingly, MB completely restores ATP content in LSFC-F1 and LSFC-F2 cells. Finally, MB strongly improves the survival of both LSFC cells.
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Kar, Srabani, Page Bankston, Daniel K. Afosah, and Rami A. Al-Horani. "Lignosulfonic Acid Sodium Is a Noncompetitive Inhibitor of Human Factor XIa." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090886.
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The anticoagulant activity of lignosulfonic acid sodium (LSAS), a non-saccharide heparin mimetic, was investigated in this study. LSAS is a relatively safe industrial byproduct with similar polyanionic characteristics to that of heparin. Human plasma clotting assays, fibrin polymerization testing, and enzyme inhibition assays were exploited to investigate the anticoagulant activity of LSAS. In normal human plasma, LSAS selectively doubled the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at ~308 µg/mL. Equally, LSAS doubled APTT at ~275 µg/mL in antithrombin-deficient plasma. Yet, LSAS doubled APTT at a higher concentration of 429 µg/mL using factor XI-deficient plasma. LSAS did not affect FXIIIa-mediated fibrin polymerization at 1000 µg/mL. Enzyme assays revealed that LSAS inhibits factor XIa (FXIa) with an IC50 value of ~8 μg/mL. LSAS did not inhibit thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIIIa, chymotrypsin, or trypsin at the highest concentrations tested and demonstrated significant selectivity against factor XIIa and plasmin. In Michaelis–Menten kinetics, LSAS decreased the VMAX of FXIa hydrolysis of a tripeptide chromogenic substrate without significantly changing its KM indicating an allosteric inhibition mechanism. The inhibitor also disrupted the generation of FXIa–antithrombin complex, inhibited factor XIIa-mediated and thrombin-mediated activation of the zymogen factor XI to FXIa, and competed with heparin for binding to FXIa. Its action appears to be reversed by protamine sulfate. Structure–activity relationship studies demonstrated the advantageous selectivity and allosteric behavior of LSAS over the acetylated and desulfonated derivatives of LSAS. LSAS is a sulfonated heparin mimetic that demonstrates significant anticoagulant activity in human plasma. Overall, it appears that LSAS is a potent, selective, and allosteric inhibitor of FXIa with significant anticoagulant activity in human plasma. Altogether, this study introduces LSAS as a promising lead for further development as an anticoagulant.
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Liu, Tianyi, Shimin Zong, Yang Jiang, Rui Zhao, Jie Wang, and Qingquan Hua. "Neutrophils Promote Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Activating the IL-17/JAK/STAT3 Pathway." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (December 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8078646.
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Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the main type of laryngeal cancer with poor prognosis. Incidence of LSCC increases every year, posing a great threat to human health. The underlying mechanism needs further study. Neutrophils are the most prevalent type of immune cells, which play vital roles in crosstalk between the microenvironment and cancer cells. In our study, we aim to figure out the complex regulation between neutrophils and LSCC. Our experiments showed that LSCC cells could promote the activation and mobility of neutrophils. And, in return, neutrophils enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC. The subsequent results showed that IL-17 was highly expressed in neutrophil conditioned medium. Block of IL-17 could effectively inhibit the progression of LSCC induced by neutrophils. What is more, the results showed that IL-17 activated the JAK/STAT3 pathway in LSCC. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT3 pathway could significantly block neutrophil-induced LSCC progression. Our research reveals the complex interaction between neutrophils and LSCC cells, providing new ideas for the treatment of LSCC.