Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'LPS- binding proteins'
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SESTITO, STEFANIA ENZA. "LPS-binding proteins: interaction studies with natural and synthetic ligands." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/67756.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the elucidation of some aspects of the interaction between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins and their natural ligand or synthetic compounds. LptC (Lipopolysaccharide transport C) is a bacterial protein belonging to Lpt complex, a molecular machinery composed of 7 essential proteins involved in the transport of LPS to the outer membrane in Gram negative bacteria after its biogenesis. Although many elements of LPS biosynthesis have been clarified, the precise mechanism of transport is still not completely understood. Since LptC can be considered as a model protein of Lpt complex, sharing the same folding of other proteins and being the first one in the periplasm, we have developed and optimized an in vitro binding assay to study its interaction with LPS. We have obtained, for the first time, detailed information about the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of LptC-LPS binding. We have shown that the in vitro LptC-LPS binding is irreversible with a Kd of the order of μM. Considering the structural similarities between LptC and the eukaryotic protein CD14, belonging to TLR4 receptor system, the binding between LptC and the synthetic molecule iaxo-102, a known ligand of CD14, has been investigated. It is evident that iaxo-102 shares the same binding site of LPS and that the binding is irreversible with an affinity lower than that LptC-LPS. So, iaxo-102 can be considered as a lead compound for the development a new generation of antibiotics targeting the biogenesis of LPS. LPS also binds to other proteins, such as those of innate immunity TLR4, CD14 and MD-2. The LPS recognition by these receptors induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunomodulators that trigger the inflammatory and immune responses. These reactions are useful for the organism, but when TLR4 activation is too strong or not well regulated induces sepsis, inflammation and autoimmune syndromes, which still lack a pharmacological treatment. A possible solution to solve this problem consists in the research and development of compounds which modulate this excessive activation. In the second part of thesis work, the biological characterization of some synthetic compounds, with different chemical features, have been reported. All compounds have been screened for their toxicity using MTT assay, and their modulatory activity on TLR4 pathway by using HEK cells stably transfected with TLR4, CD14 and MD-2 genes. The best compounds have been further characterized by in vitro assays on HEK cells transfected with the human or murine complex TLR4·MD-2 and in vivo studies. Finally, the possible correlation between the known anti-inflammatory properties of some natural compounds, such as the phenolic compounds of olive oil, and TLR4 activity has been investigated. The aim of this study is double: to find a lead compound active on TLR4 pathway, but also to discriminate which chemical features are important to obtain this effect. In addition, the information obtained could be very useful to guide the rational design of other TLR4 modulators.
CIARAMELLI, CARLOTTA. "Synthesis and characterization of new small-molecule ligands of LPS binding proteins." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/77016.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the design, synthesis and characterization of new small molecules, active as ligands of two different lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding proteins. LPS, or bacterial endotoxin, is an amphiphilic macromolecule ubiquitous on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The LPS binding proteins studied during this thesis project belong to two classes: the bacterial proteins of the Lpt transport machinery and the mammalian TLR4 receptor system, including the co-receptors LBP, CD14, MD-2. Lpt proteins, and in particular the protein LptC, are responsible for the export mechanism of LPS to the cell surface of Gram negative bacteria, which is a fundamental step of the LPS biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, the LPS biogenesis represents an ideal target for development of novel antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the structures of Lpt proteins have been elucidated, but very little is known about the mechanism of LPS transport. In this thesis work different techniques were used to study the interaction between LPS and LptC, particularly NMR binding studies. Moreover, a new fluorescent LPS was produced and it was used as a tool to perform LPS-LptC interaction studies with fluorescence techniques. Some new synthetic molecules were also developed during this thesis. Glycolipidic small molecules were designed and synthesized in order to obtain LptC ligands and, in perspective, potential antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the innate immunity receptor, recognizes LPS, helped by other proteins (LBP, CD14 and MD-2), and it is responsible for the induction of inflammatory responses. Synthetic small molecules able to modulate innate immunity receptors activity are a powerful mean to study the TLR4 receptor system and have great pharmacological interest as vaccine adjuvants (agonists), antisepsis and anti-inflammatory agents (antagonists). Antagonist activity on TLR4 receptor system of amino glycolipids (IAXO-102) was clearly demonstrated by our research group. The synthesis of molecules derived from IAXO-102 which retain the biological activity of the precursor was a target of this work. In particular, the synthesis of fluorescent probes, used for binding studies, zwitterionic derivatives and dimeric molecules were performed. Anionic TLR4 antagonists with a chemical structure more similar to Lipid A were also obtained in our labs. The aim of this work was the evaluation via NMR binding experiments of their ability to bind the innate immunity co-receptor MD-2. The amphiphilic character of the synthetic lipid A analogues synthesized so far is often associated with low water solubility and poor bioavailability. In this respect, the natural TLR4-active compounds have better solubility and bioavailability. The chemical modification of these structures is very helpful to modulate their biological activity and to enhance target specificity. Consequently, in a later stage of this work, the synthesis of new small molecules with chemical structures inspired to natural TLR4 modulators was pursued. Very recently it was found that some phenolic compounds from olive oil extracts presented a good activity as TLR4 antagonists. The synthesis of some analogues of these molecules was performed to obtain new potential TLR4 antagonists with better water solubility and reduced toxicity.
Eckert, Jana Kristin. "Funktionelle Analyse von Mutanten des LPS-bindenden Proteins (LBP)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15955.
Full textLBP enhances the innate immune reaction against bacterial ligands like LPS from gram negative or lipopeptides from gram positive bacteria in the host. Here we investigated the function of LBP using two recombinant mutants of the protein. The first part of this work examines a natural occurring mutation of LBP (c998t) leading to an amino acid exchange of proline to leucine at position 333 with regard to the impact on structure and function of the protein. Western blot analyses of the recombinant protein and sera obtained from individuals differing in the LBP genotype indicate the disaggregation of the mutated protein. Thereby binding of bacterial ligands to LBP is diminished and the LBP mediated cytokine secretion of immune cells is reduced. The gene polymorphism leading to the occurrence of the mutation is present with an allelic frequence of 0.072. A recent study has shown that this LBP-SNP led to a higher mortality in patients with septic complications and gram negative pneumonia. The results presented here, showing the negative impact on the function of LBP due to the mutation, may therefore be a first explanation on how this mutation affects the ability of people to deal with disease. Within this work binding of ligands to LBP was also explored. It was investigated whether ligands which are later recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and – 4 share a common binding site on LBP. Assays with immobilized lipopeptides and LPS were performed with a second mutated LBP (LBP-E94/95). LPS binding to LBP is diminished completely. Here we showed that binding of lipopeptide to LBP is affected likewise, furthermore supporting the hypothesis of a common binding site for TLR2- and TLR4- ligands.
Szpryngiel, Scarlett. "Structure and lipid interactions of membrane-associated glycosyltransferases : Cationic patches and anionic lipids regulate biomembrane binding of both GT-A and GT-B enzymes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131084.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.
Hallatschek, Werner. "Die Regulation des humanen Lipopolysaccharid bindenden Proteins (hLBP)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15202.
Full textLipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP) is an acute phase protein with the ability to bind and transfer LPS of Gram-negative bacteria. This soluble pattern recognition molecule represents an important defense principle of the host. Regulation of the hepatic acute phase response and its termination are important mechanisms for limiting systemic inflammatory activity of the host. Here were analyze the cooperation of Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and Dexamethasone (Dex) at LBP expression in the hepatoma cell lines HuH-7 and Hep G2. The major inducer of LBP expression is IL-6. Within the LBP promoter numerously highly consensus binding sites such as AP-1, C/EBP-beta? and STAT3 are present, that confer transcriptional activity as shown by truncation and mutation experiments. Additionally, activate NF-kappaB sites activated by IL-1 were detected at the LBP promoter. By mutation experiments of the promoter furthermore were found differentially active glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). The promoter contains GREs enhancing the activity as well as inhibitory ones. The enhancing effect towards LBP expression by Dex was mediated by IL-6. Dex stimulated the expression of the IL-6 receptor and therefore upregulated the IL-6 pathway. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta is able to inhibit LBP expression in stimulated cells. An AP-1 binding site was identified mediating inhibitory TGF-beta effects towards LBP promoter activity. Furthermore it was shown that a growth factor independence (Gfi)-1 binding site localized near the AP-1 site is essential for mediating the TGF-beta inhibitory effect. The relevancy of the Gfi-1 site fore mediating TGF-beta effects indicates a novel mechanism for understanding inhibitory TGF-beta effects at the transcriptional level. In summary the complex regulation of LBP were elucidate which may help to eventually develop novel intervention strategies for acute phase, sepsis, and septic shock.
ZAFFARONI, LENNY. "Production of recombinant human MD-2 and development of protein-ligand binding assays for the characterization of new TLR4 modulators." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/207343.
Full textToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) represents a central mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals. TLR4 activation in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) results in the rapid triggering of pro-inflammatory processes essential for optimal host immune responses. TLR4 activation mediated by LPS is a complex event which involves several proteins (lipid binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2)) and it ends with the formation of the activated (TLR4/MD-2/LPS)2 complex. The TLR4 co-receptor MD-2 plays an important role in the interaction with LPS and subsequent TLR4 dimerization. MD-2 alone binds to LPS, whereas TLR4 alone does not. MD-2 is the ligand-binding component of the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex. LPS binding to TLR4/MD-2 induces TLR4 dimerization; whereas TLR4 antagonists binding to TLR4/MD-2 does not induce TLR4 dimerization. Deregulated TLR4 activation is related to an impressively broad spectrum of disorders still lacking specific pharmacological treatment. These include autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammations, allergies, asthma, infectious and central nervous system diseases, cancer, and sepsis. The TLR4 inhibition by small molecules of synthetic and natural origin provides access to new TLR-based therapeutics targeting this large array of diseases. This thesis is part of an original structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on synthetic monosaccharide glycolipids in the context of TLR4 modulation. Thesis work focuses on the in vitro binding characterization of new synthetic monosaccharide glycolipids with the purified receptor MD-2. Pure and functional human MD-2 (hMD-2) protein for binding studies has been obtained by expression in yeast cells. Two different expression systems for the production of recombinant hMD-2 were tested: mammalian (HEK293T) and yeast cells (Pichia pastoris). Recovery of hMD-2 from the medium of yeast cells was optimized, achieving a concentration of recombinant hMD-2 of 30 μM. An ELISA was developed in order to compare the biological activity of the hMD-2 expressed in different hosts. hMD-2 from mammalian cells obtained the highest biological activity, followed by the hMD-2 expressed by P. pastoris. hMD-2 expressed by E. coli presented the lowest biological activity of the three. Due to the higher yield of recovery achieved, hMD-2 expressed in P. pastoris was used in four different types of binding experiments to assess its affinity for natural and synthetic molecules. The binding tests comprise two plate based ELISA with immobilized hMD-2, a fluorescence displacement assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. The two ELISA tests were based on: i) dose-dependent displacement of a monoclonal antibody from immobilized hMD-2. The antibody binds to hMD-2 in a region proximal to ligand binding site; ii) displacement of biotin-LPS from immobilized hMD-2. The fluorescence experiment was based on the displacement of the bis-ANS from hMD-2, whereas the SPR technique was used to study the direct interactions between small ligands and immobilized hMD-2. The obtained binding affinities for hMD-2 of the tested molecules (which turned out to be in the low μM range) mirror their biological activity in modulating TLR4 signaling and cytokine production in vitro in cell models. The results obtained from these in vitro cell-free studies indicate that the tested molecules bind to the hMD-2 pocket, with differences in the affinity values. These data allow a systematic study on SAR for TLR4 modulators, opening the way for the development of a new generation of drug hits and leads targeting directly TLR4 signaling.
Ghanim, Mustafa. "Les aspects génétiques des démences frontotemporales." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066039.
Full textAgostini, Federico 1985. "Predictions of RNA-binding ability and aggregation propensity of proteins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318159.
Full textLas proteínas de unión de ARN son responsables de controlar el destino de una multitud de transcriptos codificantes y no codificantes. De hecho, la formación de complejos de ribonucleoproteínas (RNP) afina la regulación de una serie de eventos post-transcripcionales e influye en la expresión génica. Recientemente, se ha observado que las proteínas con capacidad no canónica de unión al ARN se enriquecen en las regiones estructuralmente desordenadas y de baja complejidad, que son las que participan generalmente en asociaciones funcionales y disfuncionales. Por lo tanto, es posible que interactuar con el ARN pudiera ser una manera de proteger las proteínas no estructuradas de asociaciones aberrantes o de agregación. Sin embargo, los mecanismos que impiden la agregación de proteínas y la función del ARN en tales procesos no están bien descritas. En este trabajo, se describen los me ́todos que he desarrollado para predecir la solubilidad de proteínas y para estimar la capacidad de transcriptos y proteínas de interactuar. De otra parte, voy a ilustrar sus aplicaciones y explicar como los métodos de bajo rendimiento han evolucionado a un mayor rendimiento. El objetivo final es proporcionar instrumentos a los investigadores experimentales que se pueden utilizar para facilitar la investigación de los mecanismos reguladores que controlan la homeostasis molecular.
Ding, Peihui, and 丁佩惠. "Expression profile, molecular regulation and immuno-inflammatory function of LPS-binding protein in human oral keratinocytes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617795.
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Dentistry
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Doctor of Philosophy
Gonzalez, Daniel. "Les "phosphate binding protein" : entre import du phosphate et inhibition de la transcription virale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4019.
Full textThe "phosphate binding protein" constitutes a family of proteins ubiquitously found in Prokaryotes but also more sparsely distributed in Eukaryotes. Involved in phosphate import, PBPs exhibits a well-characterized phosphate binding site with a peculiar hydrogen bond called "low barrier hydrogen bond" (LBHB). This LBHB is involved in the unique discrimination properties of PBPs, capable of discriminating phosphate from other similar anions such as arsenate of sulfate. Albeit this high discriminating property needs a high conservation of the phosphate binding pocket, different configurations are observed in nature. Herein, we have been interested in a PBP from a human pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, which presents an alternative phosphate binding site. Exhibiting a loss of the LBHB, C.perfringens PBP is the least discriminating PBP isolated so far. This weak discrimination property might be related to the environment of C.perfringens or to a functional adaptation of the PBP. On the other hand, PBPs issued from eukaryotic tissues exhibit HIV inhibition properties via a step not yet targeted in current therapies, i.e. the transcription. However, these proteins are difficult to obtain from human tissues and their expression in heterologous system remains impossible. We have developed a new methodology based on phylogeny in order to solubilise our study model, HPBP. Thus, we have obtained a soluble variant of HPBP which conserves the HIV-inhibiting properties. This unique tool both allow to unlock functional studies and lead to a better understanding on how PBPs are capable of inhibiting HIV
Petit, Valérie. "La teneur en lipides du régime affecte les capacitésd'absorption intestinale et la triglycéridémie postprandiale: contribution du récepteur nucléaire PPARβ ?" Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141891.
Full textnombreuses fonctions au niveau de l'organisme (source d'énergie et d'acides gras
indispensables, synthèse d'eicosanoïdes, régulation de gènes). Leur biodisponibilité cellulaire
est donc un paramètre essentiel, principalement conditionné par la barrière intestinale. On sait
que l'absorption intestinale des AGLC est très efficace. En revanche, on ignore si ce
phénomène est inné ou adaptatif. La réponse à cette question est essentielle. Si l'intestin est
capable d'adapter son absorption au contenu en lipides du régime, on pourrait envisager de
nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques visant à limiter la surcharge lipidique de l'organisme dont
les effets sont connus. Dans cette optique, nous avons soumis pendant 21 jours des souris à un
régime hyperlipidique (40% m/m). Nous avons constaté une induction : 1) du captage des
AGLC, 2) de l'activité proliférative qui s'accompagne d'une augmentation de la masse
relative de la muqueuse, 3) de l'expression des gènes impliqués dans le captage (Fatty Acid
Transport Protein 4, FATP-4), le trafic entérocytaire (Fatty Acid Transporter, FAT; Intestinal
and Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein, I et L-FABP) des AGLC, la synthèse et la sécrétion des
lipoprotéines (Microsomal Triglyceride transfer Protein, MTP et apolipoprotéine A-IV). Ce
phénomène est adaptatif puisque ces régulations retournent aux valeurs des témoins lorsque
les souris sont renourries avec un régime normolipidique. Ces modifications s'accompagnent
d'une augmentation de l'efficacité de clairance plasmatique des lipoprotéines riches en
triglycérides. Selon les données de la littérature, le Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated
Receptor β (PPARβ) pourrait occuper une place centrale dans cette adaptation intestinale.
C'est pourquoi l'impact de la sur-expression intestinale de ce récepteur nucléaire a été étudié
sur les capacités d'absorption chez la souris. Les données obtenues ont montré que la surexpression
intestinale de PPARβ engendre une adaptation moins efficace des capacités
d'absorption. Selon nos travaux, une moins bonne différenciation des entérocytes chez les
souris doubles trangéniques pourraient être à l'origine de ce défaut d'adaptation.
Knierim, Jan Holger. "Charakterisierung LPS-inhibierender Effekte von Lipoproteinen und Lipopolysaccharid Bindendem Protein (LBP) in murinem Serum." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963608681.
Full textRENNA, CRISTINA. "BIOCHEMICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE PROTEIN NUMA AND ITS BINDING PARTNERS BETWEEN MITOTIC SPINDLE AND NUCLEAR COMPARTMENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/884397.
Full textTRIVIER, SZYMICZEK DOMINIQUE. "Etude du proto-oncogene ets-1 dans les hemopathies malignes : etude moleculaire du domaine dna binding." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M317.
Full textLefrançois, Louise. "Etude des adhésines HBHA et LBP impliquées dans l'interaction de Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis avec les cellules épithéliales intestinales, cibles privilégiées de la bactérie in vivo." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4020/document.
Full textMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, has evolved into two types called, S for "Sheep" and C for "Cattle." The small intestine is the primary site of Map infection but the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of bacilli are still unknown. The aim of my thesis was to identify and characterize the adhesins expressed by Map by genetic and biochemical approaches. I purified HBHA and LBP by affinity chromatography then identified them by mass spectrometry. The originality of this work is based on the polymorphism of these adhesins observed between strains of type C and S. This variability has been demonstrated in the binding domain involved in interaction with sulfated sugars of host cell influences adhesins affinity for heparin. This thesis has characterized for the first time these two adhesins produced by Map. Specific polymorphism highlighted related to the evolution of the species avium, opens large number questions on their role on the pathogenesis of Map including the cellular tropism, host preference or interest of these antigens to improve diagnostic
Ní, Chárthaigh Róisín-Ana. "Translational control by the RNA-binding protein CSDE1 : Insights into a stimulatory role in translation elongation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669534.
Full textLes proteïnes d’unió a l’ARN són uns potents reguladors de l’expressió gènica post-transcripcional. D’entre el conjunt d’ARN que es troben units a una proteïna d’unió a l’ARN concreta, podem distingir xarxes d’ARN que es regulen coordinadament, els regulons. Els ARN d’aquests regulons estan funcionalment relacionats i la seva regulació orquestrada promou processos cel·lulars. En el melanoma, la proteïna d’unió a l’ARN CSDE1 està altament sobreactivada. En aquest context, CSDE1 regula la traducció dels seus ARNm diana de manera consistent amb un programa de progressió oncogènica; així, el supressors tumorals com PTEN es troben regulats negativament, mentre que factors pro-metastàtics, per exemple les proteïnes claus en la transició epiteli-mesènquima VIM i RAC1, es regulen positivament. Estudis de ribosome profiling indiquen que CSDE1 promou la traducció de VIM i RAC1 a nivell de l’elongació. Aquesta funció estimulant, duta a terme per a una proteïna d’unió a l’ARN, podria representar un nou mecanisme de regulació de la traducció. En la present tesi busquem clarificar quines proteïnes acompanyen CSDE1 en la inducció de l’efecte estimulatori a nivell de l’elongació traduccional, així com explorar la implicació de CSDE1 en la maquinària traduccional. Hem confirmat que CSDE1 promou la traducció de l’ARNm de RAC1 a nivell de l’elongació, a més a més destaquem que les cèl·lules de melanoma s’adapten ràpidament a la depleció de CSDE1. Demostrem com aquesta proteïna contacta extensivament amb la maquinària traduccional, sent CSDE1 una proteïna associada al ribosoma mitjançant la subunitat petita. D’altra banda, hem observat que co-sedimenta amb polisomes que s’estan traduint. D’un total de 38 proteïnes caracteritzades amb un alt grau de confiança com a proteïnes que interaccionen amb CSDE1, 16 són proteïnes ribosomals i 11 altres són proteïnes que formen part del ribo-interactome. A més a més, CSDE1 s’associa al ARNt, un associació que depèn tant de la identitat dels iso-decodificadors com la dels iso-acceptors, tanmateix, dins d’aquests subgrups s’ha vist que l’afinitat de CSDE1 per a les diferents estructures dels ARNt segueix patrons diferenciats. Aquestes dades ens permeten proposar un model en què l’efecte estimulant de CSDE1 en l’elongació traduccional podria sostenir-se mitjançant l’unió de CSDE1 tant als ARNm diana com als ARNt, tot concentrant aquests últims cap als ribosomes que s’estan traduint
ROCHE, ELISABETH. "Recherche d'un rythme circadien de la retinol-binding protein chez les sujet agé de sexe féminin." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20363.
Full textCook, Neil James. "Le gmp cyclique et la phototransduction chez les vertebres." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13147.
Full textHjerdt-Goscinski, Gunilla. "Antibiotic-induced Bacterial Toxin Release – Inhibition by Protein Synthesis Inhibitors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4692.
Full textTerrien, Xavier. "Implication de l'Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 dans les processus de lésion/réparation de l'alvéole pulmonaire." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003941690204611&vid=upec.
Full textAlveolar epithelial cells proliferation plays a major role in lung repair process. Our laboratory has previously reported the involvement of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in the control of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells proliferation. During this work, I have characterized the induction and the intracellular colocalization of IGFBP-2 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21CIP1 in growth-arrested lung epithelial cells. Moreover, I found the implication of IGFBP-2 in the stimulation of alveolar macrophages maturation. Taken together, these data suggest the importance of IGFBP-2 in alveolar repair process. In addition, the identification of a novel direct interaction between IGFBP-2 or -3 and p21CIP1 suggest a new mechanism of cell cycle control
Terrien, Xavier Henrion-Caude Alexandra. "Implication de l'Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 dans les processus de lésion/réparation de l'alvéole pulmonaire." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394169.pdf.
Full textVersion électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 189 réf.
Aragón, Altarriba Eric. "Smad binding codes broken by WW domain containing proteins = Desxifrant els codis d’unió a Smad de les proteïnes amb dominis WW." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129809.
Full textMillery, Julie. "Une adaptation du système olfactif au milieu aérien : les Olfactory-Binding Protein (OBP) chez Xenopus laevis et Xenopus tropicalis." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS047.
Full textOlfactory Binding Proteins (OBP), commonly associated with aerial olfaction, are currently found in mammals olfactory mucus, but have never been identified in fish. It is not clear yet if OBP is an adaptation of the olfactory system to an aerial environment. Adult olfactory system Xenopus is organized into two olfactory chambers which are thought to be devoted respectively to aquatic (MC) and aerial olfaction (PC). This specificity provides us the opportunity to test this alternative hypothesis. We have identified for the first time Olfactory Binding Protein in Xenopus laevis and tropicalis. By a reverse transcription and 3’ RACE strategy two products were cloned and sequenced. These cloned sequences were used to analyse the expression pattern of the gene by HIS and immunocytochemistry in the olfactory system of two Xenopus species: X. Laevis and X. Tropicalis. The transcripts and the proteins are only present in the aerial chamber supporting the idea that OBPs are an adaptation to aerial olfaction. Moreover, from an EST (expressed sequence tag) library we also demonstrated that X. Laevis has 2 different OBP genes while X. Tropicalis has only one gene
Combe, Hervé. "Place du dosage de l'insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 dans les marqueurs d'évolutivité de l'acromégalie : à propos d'une série de 48 acromégales." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR3013.
Full textBrimau, Fanny. "Rôle des odorants-binding protein dans le mécanisme de transduction olfactive : implication de modifications post-traductionnelles dynamiques dans la spécificité de liaison avec les ligands." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4038/document.
Full textOBPs are small soluble proteins that bind with odorant molecules and pheromones. The role of OBP is not completely understood. A hypothesis suggests that OBP solubilize and transport the ligands to olfactory receptors and the binding between odorant molecule and OBP is unspecific. An other hypothesis suggest that the complex formed is the specific binding between a given odorant molecule and a specific OBP. This work of thesis show that OBP are involved in the first step of odorant discrimination. Initially, we have showed the involvement of the Phe35 and Tyr 82 in the uptake of ligands by OBP. Second, we have given rise to the presence of various isoform of OBP and VEG that differ by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and GlcNAcylation) both on natives proteins extract of respiratory mucosa and on recombinants proteins produce by P. pastoris and CHO. These isoforms are able to discriminate of odorant molecules and pheromones. OBPs are not passives carriers because they ensure a fine coding of odorant molecules and pheromones before interaction of this complex with specific receptor
Taha, Mohammed. "L'utilisation de cellules natural killer (NK) comme outil thérapeutique : étude clinique de phase 1 de perfusion de cellules NK du donneur après HSCT : Annexe : Pumilio 2, une protéine de liaison à l'ARN surexprimée dans les cellules NK de patients atteints de LAM, réprime les fonctions des cellules NK." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0233.
Full textNatural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have the ability to kill transformed cells. They play a critical role in hematological malignancies surveillance, however, tumor cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms to escape NK cell-mediated killing. So, maintaining or improving NK cell performance is considered a major challenge. Our goals are to evaluate the impact of activated NK cells infusion on the recovery and biology of circulating NK cells post allo-SCT.Three different doses (dose 1: 106 NK cell/Kg, n=3; dose 2: 5x106 NK cell/Kg, n=7; dose 3: >5x106 NK cell/Kg, n=6) of ex-vivo IL-2 activated NK cells were infused into patients with hematological malignancies after all-SCT. Our results showed higher frequency of NK cells in the periphery of patients treated with larger doses of activated NK cells. Although the notable immature phenotype shortly after treatment, the circulating NK cells in patients receiving larger doses of activated NK cells displayed more activation status with improved maturation profile after 6 months of treatment. We also found that the expression of activating NK receptors (NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46) augmented on circulating CD56dim NK cells of patients receiving larger doses of activated NK cells. Moreover, these cells showed a significant increase in degranulation capacity as well as cytokine secretion (IFN-Ƴ and TNF-α) throughout study period. In conclusion, we hypothesize that infusion of high-dose of ex-vivo activated NK cells could be associated with improvements of NK cell phenotype and function during immune reconstitution after allo-SCT
Marty, Loic. "Structures et spécificités de Protéines Périplasmiques de Fixation pour les mannityl-opines chez Agrobacterium tumefaciens." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS238/document.
Full textAgrobacterium tumefaciens pathogenic agent confers the development of tumors in plants, in which it proliferates, integrating a fragment of its virulence Ti plasmid into its host genome. Transformed tissues synthesize original compounds, called opines, used as specific nutrients by the bacterium. More than twenty opines are known so far, and each one of them can be metabolized by A. tumefaciens strains possessing its associated transport and catabolism genes, which appears as a competitive advantage in the tumor colonization. The presence of these genes relies on the Ti plasmid type a pathogenic strain possesses. A. tumefaciens B6 possesses an octopine-type pTi, which harbors the metabolism genes of the mannityl-opines, which are mannopine, mannopinic acid, agropine and agropinic acid. Mannopine and mannopinic acid are synthesized by the same enzyme, and their precursors are deoxy-fructosyl-glutamine (DFG) and deoxy-fructosyl-glutamate (DFGA) respectively, both opines of the chrysopine family. DFG is also a wide-spread Amadori compound which can be uptaken by numerous organisms. Mannopine is a precursor for agropine synthesis. Finally, mannopine, mannopinic acid and agropine can spontaneously lactamize into agropinic acid.Despite the chemical similarity of these four opines, each one is transported by a different periplasmic binding protein (PBP) associated with an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. The PBP selects and binds one opine to bring it to the ABC transporter, which allows the passage of the opine to the cytoplasm due to two ATP molecules hydrolysis. The whole transporter specificity is determined by the PBP.Genetic studies in strains possessing an octopine-type pTi showed that AgaABCD PBP-ABC transporter system is specific to agropinic acid, AgtABCD to agropine, MoaABCD to mannopinic acid and that MotABCD transports mannopine and also mannopinic acid. In C58 strain, which do not possess an octopine-type pTi, SocAB transport system, coded by genes located on the cryptic pAt plasmid, allows the transport of DFG as a nutrient, and seems able to import mannopine too.My thesis work allowed, first, to characterize the strong affinities and the specificity of PBPs AgaA and AgtB to agropinic acid, PBP MoaA to mannopinic acid and PBP SocA to DFG, and also MotA unspecificity toward mannopine, mannopinique acid and DFG, which leads to a revision of the previously described affinities of AgtB and SocA. Secondly, this work brought molecular and structural basis of PBP-mannityl-opine complexes, never described before. Finally, the structure of PBP AttC, annotated as a mannopine binding-like protein in C58, was determined, and interactions experiments showed that it binds no mannityl-opines, leading to a revision of its annotation.My work sheds light on the mannityl-opines importation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The fact that none of the studied transport system allows agropine import lets think that there is another unknown PBP or another unknown whole transport system assuming this role, opening new ways to new studies about octopine- and agropine-type pTis
Roussel, Céline. "Etude du rôle des chélateurs calciques sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire neuronal: approche expérimentale et théorique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210854.
Full textAu niveau théorique, nous avons élaboré un modèle mathématique de l’activité électrique du grain cérébelleux, prenant en compte la chélation du calcium intracellulaire. Il permet de clarifier le rôle de la chélation du calcium intracellulaire sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire. La modélisation de l’activité électrique du grain cérébelleux repose sur le formalisme développé par Hodgkin et Huxley pour l’axone géant de calmar. Dans ce contexte, l’application de la conservation de la charge au circuit équivalent de la membrane cellulaire fournit un système d’équations différentielles ordinaires, non linéaires. Dès lors, notre modèle nous a permis d’étudier l’impact des variations de la concentration de chélateur calcique sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire. Nous avons ainsi pu constater qu’une diminution de la concentration en chélateur calcique induisait une augmentation de l’excitabilité électrique du grain cérébelleux, sans altérer le régime d’oscillations. Par contre, en augmentant fortement la concentration en chélateur calcique, nous avons montré que le grain cérébelleux changeait de dynamique oscillatoire, montrant des transitions d’un mode de décharge périodique régulier vers des oscillations en salve du potentiel membranaire.
Au niveau expérimental, nous avons vérifié les résultats prévus par le modèle théorique. Nous avons ainsi montré que des grains de souris transgéniques déficientes en calrétinine présentaient une excitabilité électrique accrue par rapport aux grains contrôles.
Puis, en restaurant un niveau de chélation calcique normal dans ces grains, par perfusion intracellulaire de chélateur calcique, nous montrons qu’ils retrouvent un niveau d’excitabilité normal. Ensuite, nous avons introduit dans des grains cérébelleux de souris sauvages, une forte concentration en chélateur calcique exogène. Conformément aux résultats théoriques, nous avons pu observer des transitions vers des oscillations en salve du potentiel membranaire. Enfin, nous avons montré que l’absence de calrétinine affecte les paramètres morphologiques du grain cérébelleux des souris transgéniques déficientes en calrétinine.
En conclusion, ces résultats suggèrent que le mode de décharge des cellules excitables peut être modulé d’une façon importante par les protéines liant le calcium. De ce fait, des changements dans le niveau d’expression et/ou dans la localisation subcellulaire des protéines liant le calcium pourraient aussi jouer un rôle critique dans la régulation de processus physiologiques contrôlés par l’excitabilité membranaire. De plus, les mécanismes que nous avons mis en évidence pourraient être à l’origine d’un nouveau principe de régulation de la signalisation dans les circuits neuronaux et pourraient jouer un rôle fonctionnel dans le contrôle du codage de l’information et de son stockage dans le système nerveux central.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
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Le, Bras Morgane. "Rôle des protéines de liaison à l'ARN hnRNP H et hnRNP F dans les régulations traductionnelles dans les glioblastomes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30277.
Full textGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and resistance to treatments of gliomas could improve treatment efficiency. Recently, it has been demonstrated that translational regulations play a key role in the GBM aggressivity. RNA binding proteins (RBP) are major regulators of these processes and have altered expression / activity in GBM. The RBP hnRNP H and hnRNP F (HF) are among the most overexpressed RBP in GBM and their role in GBM translational regulation has never been investigated yet. We hypothesize that HF are at the core of a post-transcriptional regulation network which impacts the translational machinery that controls GBM tumor development and resistance to treatment. We have demonstrated that hnRNP H and hnRNP F regulate proliferation and response to treatment because their depletion (i) decreases the GBM proliferation (cell line model, spheroid and in vivo xenografts), (ii) activates the DNA damage response pathways and (iii) sensitizes the GBM cells to irradiation. We have identified HF as new regulators of GBM translation. Indeed, our data show that hnRNP H and hnRNP F control mRNA translation by regulating expression/activity of initiation factors and in collaboration with RNA helicases by targeting mRNA involved in oncogenic processes and containing secondary structures called G-quadruplex in their 5'UTR. The data that we have generated suggest that HF are essential translational regulators involved in tumor development and resistance to treatment in GBM
Chesnel, Laurent. "Conséquences stucturales et fonctionelles de mutations ponctuelles chez les "penicillin-binding proteins" mosai͏̈ques issues de souches de streptococcus pneumoniae résistantes aux beta-lactamines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19014.
Full textYankovsky, Igor. "Évaluation de l'activité photodynamique des photosensibilisants de type chlorine avec les nanovecteurs cyclodextrines-β." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0171/document.
Full textPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive photochemical treatment with a promising clinical track record for oncological and some other diseases. Most PDT-drugs (photosensitizers) including a second-generation PS meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chorin (mTHPC) are highly hydrophobic and require delivery systems. To improve mTHPC solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) derivatives were proposed. The present study investigates the effect of β-CDs on mTHPC behavior at various stages of its distribution in vitro and in vivo. Interaction of mTHPC with β-CDs leads to the formation of inclusion complexes that completely abolishes its aggregation after introduction into serum. It was demonstrated that the β-CDs have a concentration-dependent effect on the process of mTHPC distribution in blood serum and cellular cultures in vitro. In vivo study confirms the fact that the use of β-CDs allows modifying mTHPC distribution processes in tumor bearing animals that is reflected in the decreased level of PS accumulation in skin and muscles, as well as in the increased PS accumulation in tumor. In conclusion, application of β-CD derivatives can open up new possibilities to modify and control biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of mTHPC in the course of PDT
Djeghader, Ahmed. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle des phosphates-binding proteins : Illustration avec les protéines ding et ding-like et leur implication dans l'infection /inhibition du Vih." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4073.
Full textPhosphate acquisition from the extracellular environment is a key process for all living cells. In bacteria, its importation is ensured, in part, by high affinity phosphate binding proteins (PBP). During this work, we are interested to two families of PBPs named DING and DING like proteins. DING proteins are ubiquitous proteins, so named due to their highly conserved N-terminal sequence DINGGG-. Although widely represented in bacteria, these proteins were initially identified in human by virtue of their biological properties or their involvement in diseases, including in HIV-inhibition. Currently, the anti-HIV activity has been shown for two human members of the DING family, HPBP and X-DING CD4. The presence in human of such proteins raises numerous questions about their role during HIV-infection. Thus, we undertook a study to evaluate their serum concentration in HIV-infected patients. Our results shows a surprising increase of the concentration of DING proteins in this population, compared to controls. On the other hand, our work on the DING proteins family led us to be interested on the family of DING-like proteins, closely related to the DING family. Unlike DING proteins, DING-like members were identified exclusively in bacteria. In addition to their ability to bind phosphate, some DING-like members appear to have a phosphatase activity. In this work we have characterize structurally and enzymatically two members of this family isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structural analysis of these proteins combined with activities characterization could be of a great interest in order to understand their role in phosphate acquisition in this bacterium
Karsenty, Julie. "Les Isoformes intestinales et hépatiques des "fatty acid binding proteins" dans le trafic intracellulaire des acides gras et leur expression dans un modèle animal de syndrome métabolique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20697.
Full textExcessive consumption of fat has emerged as a major cause of increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. After their hydrolysis in the intestinal lumen, fatty acid (FA) and monoglycerides are absorbed by the enterocytes. Inside these cells FA are bound to small cytosolic proteins, the FABPs, before to be re-esterified into triglycerides then secreted as lipoproteins into the chyle. Enterocytes express I-FABP and L-FABP whose specific role in intracellular FA trafficking is still unknown. To clarify this point we have carried out an in vivo structure-function study by immunocytochemical characterization of transfected Cos-1 cells expressing large amounts of proteins. These proteins target a fluorescent FA to cellular sites of metabolism (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum / Golgi apparatus). When each protein is expressed within the cell, the fluorescent bound-FA is specifically distributed, suggesting a specific function. Conversely, when both proteins are present they cooperate for the distribution of the FA in similar areas than those targeted by the I-FABP expressed alone suggesting a sensor role for this protein. Another approach has been to show that the regulation of the expression of I-FABP and L-FABP differed in the rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-enriched diet. To enlarge our knowledge of this model, the effects of polyunsaturated omega-3 FA intake on the expression of genes involved in energetic homeostasis and infammatory pathways were described. A specific role of PPAR delta in the liver and the heart was evidenced
Chatagnon, Amandine. "Spécificité de liaison et de répression de la " Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain protein 2 " (MBD2) : identification de gènes cibles impliqués dans les cancers." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603777.
Full textTorossian, Avédis. "Contrôle de l'expression de Bcl-2 dans les lymphomes anaplasiques à grandes cellules par la protéine HuR en réponse au crizotinib : impact sur l'apoptose et l'autophagie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30190/document.
Full textAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are T/-null non-hodgkin lymphoma representing most of childhood T-cell lymphoma (up to 30%). More than 80% of cases bear reciprocal chromosomic translocation responsible for abnormal expression and constitutive activation of X-ALK type (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) chimeric proteins (ALK+ ALCL). A striking characteristic of this lymphoma is that B-Cell Lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) remains undetectable in ALK+ cases compared to ALK- cases. This is all the more surprising as the BCL-2 oncogene, which is firmly established as a prototypic anti-apoptotic factor as well as a key autophagy regulator, has been shown to be overexpressed in a majority of lymphomas. On the other hand, the RNA-binding protein HuR (Human Antigen R) is overexpressed in ALCL (as in most cancers). It has been demonstrated that this protein was involved in the sustainability of the tumoral phenotype, and that its subcellular localization and functions were closely related to its phosphorylation status, which in turn heavily depends on ALK activity in ALK+ ALCL. In the cytoplasm, HuR has the ability to bind adenine and uridine-rich elements (ARE) located on the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs, and both protect them from degradation and increase their translation. From a general point of view, HuR is able to establish an interplay with microRNAs (miRNAs), either blocking them through competition, or actually cooperating with them and thus promote their function of negative regulators of gene expression on common target transcripts. The BCL-2 transcript, which expression seems to be silenced in ALK-expressing ALCL, has been described as a potential target of HuR. During my PhD work, I dedicated myself to understand the molecular mechanism at work in the silencing of BCL-2 expression with a focus on HuR and collaborating miRNA. The data I obtained point at a cooperation between HuR and miR-34a leading to the silencing of the BCL-2 transcript. However, when the ALK tyrosine kinase activity is inhibited, it appears the interaction between the BCL-2 mRNA diminishes, which limitates the miR-34a 's access to this transcript and ultimately results in a re-expression of the BCL-2 oncogene in these lymphoma cells. In the current context of clinical trials for ALK-targeting inhibitors, such as the Crizotinib, this BCL-2 re-expression observed upon ALK inhibition shed light on potential reasons behind some therapeutic failures that have recently been reported. Indeed, during my PhD work, I also studied the consequences of the BCL-2 re-expression observed in Crizotinib-treated cells. The data I obtained in vitro and in vivo show that, by blocking this re-expression using RNA interference, the Crizotinib anti-tumoral efficiency can be greatly potentiated. This potentiation took the form of an increase of apoptotic cell death induction and, interestingly, also affected the autophagic response triggered by the drug, making it switch from a cytoprotective- type, protumoral autophagic flux to an enhanced, deletary-type and tumor suppressive flux, adding to the therapeutic effect of the drug. This work in general provides insights for new therapeutic combinations that could potentially benefit to ALK+ ALCL patients, and illustrates the complex cross-regulations between apoptotic and autophagic pathway
Jäkel, Heidelinde. "Régulation transcriptionnelle de l'apolipoprotéine A5 par les facteurs de transcription "Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α", "Liver X Receptor" et "Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c"." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S007.
Full textEpidemiological studies revealed that an elevated plasma triglyceride concentration constitue an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The recently discovered apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) emerged as a new determinant of plasma triglyceride levels. In our study we assessed the regulation of APOA5 by PPARα and LXR ligands, since these nuclear receptors play a crucial role in plasma triglyceride metabolism with an over-all antiatherogenic effect. We showed that PPARα activators elevate APOA5 gene expression via a PPRE in its proximal promoter. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a LXR ligand down-regulates APOA5 gene expression via the fixation of its target gene SREBP-1c on a specific element on its promoter. In conclusion, our results indicate that PPARα and LXR ligands may be implicated in apoA-V gene expression
MARTINS, DE SA CESAR. "Contribution a l'etude de facteurs cytoplasmiques intervenant dans la regulation post-transcriptionnelle de l'expression genetique chez les eucaryotes." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077114.
Full textMallet, Pierre-Luc. "Élucidation chez S. pombe du mécanisme d'import de la protéine nucléaire liant les queues poly(A), Pab2 : ainsi que de son implication en collaboration avec Abp1, une CENP-B homologue, dans la répression d'expression d'éléments génétiques mobiles." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6660.
Full textROY, TERRE MARIANNE. "Etude du recepteur ah et de la proteine "4 s" liant les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30037.
Full textLeriche, Mélissa. "Mise en évidence d’une interaction entre la protéine 53BP1 et les fragments d’Okazaki." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS065.
Full textMaintenance of genome integrity is essential for cell survival. It is only recently that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been shown as fundamental actors in this process. In the presence of DNA damage, RBPs regulate the expression of DNA damage response (DDR) related genes and control cell fate. RBPs also have a more direct role in preventing and repairing DNA damage. Moreover, some RNAs are present at sites of DNA damage and, thus, participate in the maintenance of genome integrity. The laboratory is interested in proteins that are both able to directly bind RNA and involved in DDR. One candidate is the 53BP1 protein (p53 binding protein 1) that contains an RNA-binding domain called GAR domain (Glycin-Arginin Rich). 53BP1 is a key protein mediating the signalling of DNA double-strand breaks and channels DNA repair to the non-homologous end-joining pathway during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The recruitment of 53BP1 to sites of DNA damage depends on both histones marks and an RNA component.The objective was to study the interaction between 53BP1 and RNA.By using CLIP (CrossLinking and Immunoprecipitation) and 2C (Complex Capture) technologies, we showed that 53BP1 presents a direct RNA-binding activity within its GAR domain. We identified the nucleic acid interacting with 53BP1 as being an RNA-DNA chimera composed of about 10 ribonucleotides, followed by about 100 dexoribonucleotides. This type of entity is highly similar to that of Okazaki fragments, that are involved in the initiation of lagging strand synthesis at replication forks. By using the SIRF method (In Situ Protein Interaction with Nascent DNA Replication Forks), we showed that 53BP1 is localized at sites of newly synthetized DNA, under normal conditions of replication. Furthermore, depletion of the catalytic sub-unit of the primase (PRIM1), that catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer of Okazaki fragments, results in a decrease in 53BP1 at sites of newly synthetized DNA. PRIM1 depletion also decreases the interaction between 53BP1 and RNA-DNA chimera in vivo. These results indicate that 53BP1 is localized at the replication fork through a direct interaction with Okazaki fragments. Likewise, under replicative stress induced by hydroxyurea, the presence of 53BP1 at the newly synthetized DNA is increased, indicating that 53BP1 accumulates at stalled replication forks. Altogether, these results show that 53BP1 is an RNA-binding protein that directly interacts with Okazaki fragments
Lebrette, Hugo. "Etude structurale de l'import de nickel par les protéines extracytoplasmiques de systèmes ABC chez les bactéries : le nickel voyage-t-il seul ou accompagné ?" Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV086.
Full textIn prokaryotes, canonical ABC (ATP-binding cassette) importers allow an efficient uptake of nickel with high affinity through the inner membrane, largely via the action of the extracytoplasmic nickel-binding protein (Ni-BP). In this work, we intended to better understand the strategies developed by bacteria to scavenge nickel in the environment, especially through the structural studies of several Ni-BP. The resolution of the crystal structures of five Ni-BPs from diverse bacteria, in interaction with nickel, led us to identify their nickel-binding sites and shed light on the different binding modes. Our results show that the presence of an exogenous metallophore, called nickelophore, is always required. In vivo studies in Escherichia coli were also conducted, showing that this bacteria seems to be able to synthesize its own nickelophore. In addition, we have solved the crystal structure of Helicobacter pylori HypB in complex with nickel. This result provides insight into its cellular function in nickel enzyme maturation pathways
Bounaix, Morand du Puch Christophe. "Analyse des interactions ADN lésé / protéines : Optimisations méthodologiques et applications aux dommages de l’ADN engendrés par les dérivés du platine." Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00549987.
Full textDNA lesions contribute to the alteration of DNA structure, thereby inhibiting essential cellular processes. Such alterations may be beneficial for chemotherapies, for example in the case of platinum anticancer agents. They generate bulky adducts that, if not repaired, ultimately cause apoptosis. A better understanding of the biological response to such molecules can be obtained through the study of proteins that directly interact with the damages. These proteins constitute the DNA lesions interactome. This thesis presents the development of tools aiming at increasing the list of platinum adduct-associated proteins. Firstly, we designed a ligand fishing system made of damaged plasmids immobilized onto magnetic beads. Three platinum drugs were selected for our study: cisplatin, oxaliplatin and satraplatin. Following exposure of the trap to nuclear extracts from HeLa cancer cells and identification of retained proteins by proteomics, we obtained already known candidates (HMGB1, hUBF, FACT complex) but also 29 new members of the platinated-DNA interactome. Among them, we noted the presence of PNUTS, TOX4 and WDR82, which associate to form the recently-discovered PTW/PP complex. Their capture was then confirmed with a second model, namely breast cancer cell line MDA MB 231, and the biological consequences of such an interaction now need to be elucidated. Secondly, we adapted a SPRi biochip to the study of platinum-damaged DNA/proteins interactions. Affinity of HMGB1 and newly characterized TOX4 for adducts generated by our three platinum drugs could be validated thanks to the biochip. Finally, we used our tools, as well as analytical chemistry and biochemistry methods, to evaluate the role of DDB2 (a factor involved in the recognition of UV-induced lesions) in the repair of cisplatin adducts. Our experiments using MDA MB 231 cells differentially expressing DDB2 showed that this protein is not responsible for the repair of platinum damages. Instead, it appears to act as a positive mediator of their cytotoxicity. In the near future, the abovementioned microsystems will be adapted to the study of the interactome of other DNA lesions
Fernandez, Nadia. "Separation et etude des composants de liaison cellulaires fixant les substances aromatiques polycycliques." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30247.
Full textMazerbourg, Sabine. "La proteolyse de l'insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (igfbp-4) dans les follicules ovariens chez les mammiferes domestiques : identification de la protease, etude de sa regulation, consequences sur la maturation folliculaire." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066319.
Full textDe, Angelis Fabien. "Characterization of proteins involved in RND-driven heavy metal resistance systems of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210154.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Cann, Paul. "Étude des mécanismes de réception des phéromones mâles chez les petits ruminants." Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUS115.
Full textSmall ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding characterised by successive periods of sexual activity and sexual rest. During these two periods females are in two different physiological status: in sexual activity, the female ovarian cycle is active (oestrus) and ready for reproduction, whereas females are in deep anoestrus during the sexual rest period. In order to induce oestrus in female during the sexual rest periods, breeders are mostly using exogenous hormones. These hormones are less and less acceptable regardless to animal and consumer’s welfare. However, the perception of odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the gonadotropic axis of anoestrus female in the late sexual rest period, leading in most cases to ovulation. This natural process is called “the male effect”. Ram and goat odours act as primer pheromones.Most of studies on male effect focused on the neuroendocrine modifications induced by the reception of male pheromones, but the plasticity of the olfactory system at the peripherical level was underestimated. Previous work of my research team has shown that in pig, the olfactory secretome (secreted proteome) is mainly composed of Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBP) isoforms generated by post-translational modifications, phosphorylation and glycosylation. The composition of this secretome is under hormonal control and depends on the physiological status of animals. The aim of my work is to determine whether the olfactory secretome of ewe and goat is also modified by endogenous factors (hormones) and exogenous factors (male odours), showing an adaptation of the sensory equipment of female. In a first step, we followed the same flocks of ewe and goat during several sexual cycles, and collected their nasal mucus by a non-invasive sampling method. The olfactory secretome of 3 females of each species was analysed by 2D-electrophoresis followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results suggest that the olfactory secretome profile and its composition is a marker of the physiological status, and constitutes a phenotype of the female receptivity. Furthermore, the males’ odours reception induces changes in the olfactory secretome, demonstrating that exogenous factors can modifies the olfactory equipment of females
Lema, Ingrid. "Contrôle post-transcriptionnel de l'expression rénale du récepteur minéralocorticoide par les variations de tonicité extracellulaire : conséquences physiopathologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS290.
Full textAldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) participate to the control of salt and water balance and the arterial pressure. Alteration of renal MR expression or mineralocorticoid signaling pathway contributes to the development of numerous human disorders. In this work, we have demonstrated the major role played by the RNA-Binding Proteins, Tis11b and HuR, in the control of MR expression in response to variations of extracellular tonicity in a model of principal tubular cells and in vivo. Hypertonicity (500 mOsmol/L) increases the expression ofTis11b, which binds the 3’-untranslated region of MR transcript and accelerates the degradation of MR transcript, leading to the reduction of the mineralocorticoid signaling. Conversely, hypotonicity (150 mOsmol/L) stimulates nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR protein, which stabilizes MR transcript increasing its expression and renal sensitivity to aldosterone action. Furthermore, HuR participates to the editing of the novel MR Δ6 splice variant, which lacks exon 6, and exerts a dominant negative effect on mineralocorticoid signaling. Finally, we have provided evidence that hypertonicity modulates expression of microRNA, which may control mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. Characterization of these original mechanisms modulating MR action is pivotal for a better understanding of mineralocorticoid-related pathophysiology, and should ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies
Ajjaji, Dalila. "Interaction de la protéine core du virus de l’hépatite C avec les corps lipidiques : mécanisme et fonction." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE056.
Full textA major step for the maintenance of the hepatitis C infection state in the cells is the binding of the Core protein from the capsid to the lipid droplets membrane formed in the liver. Core binds with an amphipathic helix to use it from the bilayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to the water-oil interface of the lipid droplets. The mechanism of this passage has not yet been elucidated and the regulation of the link remains unclear. Understanding this physical Core traffic requires, among other things, a good knowledge of the biophysics of protein-membrane interaction, especially on emulsion interfaces. Little has been done in this direction. For this project, we investigated the mechanism of cellular traffic of Core and its partners between endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach. To overcome the complexities associated with the multiple interactions of Core, and which currently prevent an understanding of the binding of the protein, we reconstituted it binding on model membranes. We formed drops of oil-in-water emulsions, mimicking the lipid droplets, and vesicles mimicking the endoplasmic reticulum. We thus determined the conditions favoring the binding of Core on the lipid droplets. This approach, coupled with in vivo manipulations, is innovative and bring an understanding that is currently lacking
Landron, Dorothée. "Interactions de l'hormone de croissance humaine avec les adipocytes de rats zucker genetiquement obeses : relations entre la liaison et les effets biologiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066344.
Full textHapkova, Ilona. "Etude de l'expression et de la fonction de la protéine de liaison à l'ARN RBPMS2 dans les tumeurs stromales gastrointestinales (GISTs)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T016/document.
Full textGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the GI tract. They are supposed to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) or from a mesenchymal precursor cell, common of ICCs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). GISTs are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, a targeted therapy is now proposed. These tumors have activating mutations in two closely related genes, the KIT (75-80%) or/and the PDGFRA (5-10%). Targeting these mutated activated proteins with Imatinib mesylate, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has proven efficient in GIST treatment. However, resistance to Imatinib finally develops and new-targeted therapies are necessary. The musculature of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly complex structure composed of visceral SMCs, enteric neurons, fibroblast-like cells and ICCs. During the development, the splanchnic mesoderm will give rise at least to two cell types, ICCs and SMCs. Recently our laboratory showed that the RNA Binding Protein with Multiple Splicing 2 (RBPMS2) is involved into the development and remodeling of SMC.My PhD works investigate the expression and function of RBPMS2 in human GISTs. We analyzed the expression of RBPMS2 in human GISTs and we found that RBPMS2 was abnormally highly expressed in the tumoral cells of GISTs. We also analyzed the function of RBPMS2 into human adult SMC cell culture and demonstrated that ectopic expression of RBPMS2 in mature and differentiated SMC cultures increases their proliferation rate and alters their differentiation. These findings suggest that RBPMS2 could be a potential target for cancer therapy