Journal articles on the topic 'LPP protocol'
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Ribeiro Lira, Silvia Oliveira, Vanessa Patrícia Soares de Sousa, and Elizabel de Souza Ramalho Viana. "Therapeutic exercise versus other modalities for prevention and treatment of low back, pelvic girdle, and lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy: A review protocol." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 22, 2022): e0274471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274471.
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Background The female body changes during pregnancy to create a favorable environment for fetal development which may result in musculoskeletal disorder and painful symptoms in the lumbopelvic region. Objective To analyze the evidence of therapeutic exercise versus other modalities to prevent and treat LBP, LGP, and LPP during pregnancy. Methods Full text randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating interventions to prevent or treat LBP, PGP, and LPP during pregnancy (any gestational age) that comparing therapeutic exercises with usual care or other modalities to reduce the incidence or severity of LBP or PGP or both during pregnancy will be included. 5 electronic databases will be searched to identify studies. Assess risk of bias in each study using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and quality of overall body of evidence for all primary outcomes will be assessed for all comparisons using the approach outlined in GRADE Handbook.
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Sahoo, Prasan Kumar, Sudhir Ranjan Pattanaik, and Shih-Lin Wu. "A Novel Synchronous MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Performance Analysis." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 5394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245394.
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Synchronous medium access control (MAC) protocols are highly essential for wireless sensor networks (WSN) to support transmissions with energy saving, quality services, and throughput in industrial, commercial and healthcare applications. In this paper, a synchronous channel access mechanism is designed, where sensors can reserve the contention free data transmission slots in different available channels. To reduce the delay of data transmission among the nodes in the mesh topology, a linear programming problem (LPP) model is designed to select suitable relay nodes. Moreover, the performance of the proposed MAC is analyzed and our models are validated with simulation and analytical results. The results show that our proposed MAC protocol outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4e MAC mechanism in terms of throughput, reliability, delay, energy, packet drop rate and transmission success rate.
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Costa, Maristela Julio, Sinéia Neujahr dos Santos, Alexandre Hundertmarck Lessa, and Carolina Lisboa Mezzomo. "Proposal for implementing the Sentence Recognition Index in individuals with hearing disorders." CoDAS 27, no. 2 (April 2015): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20150000316.
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Purpose: To present and describe a new strategy and protocol for obtaining the Sentences Recognition Indexes (SRI), using the Lists of Phrases in Portuguese test (LPP), considering words in the analysis of responses; to analyze and compare the results using the previous and the new strategies by checking their applicability and suitability. Methods: To consider each word of the sentence, words were classified according to their importance: functional and content words, assigning them, respectively, two and one points. SRI were obtained in 33 normal hearing adults, and results were compared using the two strategies. Results: A new protocol was established. Each point corresponds to the following percentages in each list: 1B, 1.11%; 2B, 1.13%; 3B, 1.17%; 4B, 1.16%; 5B, 1.20%; and 6B, 1.11%. The median SRI obtained through usual and new strategies were, respectively, for the list 1B: 60 and 82.57%; 2B: 70 and 80.79%; 3B: 50 and 76.60%; 4B: 70 and 82.60%; 5B: 50 and 77.20%; and 6B: 60 and 82.14%. A significant difference was found when these strategies were compared. Conclusion: New strategy and protocol for evaluating the SRI were developed using the LPP test, considering each word of the sentence. When comparing the responses it was noticed that when considering each word in the sentence it is possible to scale, more detailed and less variability, the actual ability to recognize speech of each individual, the new strategy and protocol developed confirmed its applicability and suitability to assess Sentence Recognition Indexes in Quiet in individuals with hearing disorders in a specific listening condition.
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Fidalgo, Marco, Filippe Falcão-Tebas, Adriano Bento-Santos, Elaine de Oliveira, José Firmino Nogueira-Neto, Egberto Gaspar de Moura, Patrícia Cristina Lisboa, Raul Manhães de Castro, and Carol Góis Leandro. "Programmed changes in the adult rat offspring caused by maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation are attenuated by maternal moderate–low physical training." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001316.
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The effects of maternal moderate–low physical training on postnatal development, glucose homeostasis and leptin concentration in adult offspring subjected to a low-protein diet during the perinatal period were investigated. Male Wistar rats (aged 150 d old) were divided into four groups according to maternal group: untrained (NTp, n 8); trained (Tp, n 8); untrained with a low-protein diet (NT+LPp, n 8); trained with a low-protein diet (T+LPp, n 8). The trained mothers were subjected to a protocol of moderate physical training over a period of 4 weeks (treadmill, 5 d/week, 60 min/d, at 65 % VO2max) before mating. At pregnancy, the intensity and duration of exercise was progressively reduced (50–20 min/d, at 65–30 % VO2max). The low-protein diet groups received an 8 % casein diet, and their peers received a 17 % casein diet during gestation and lactation. The pups' birth weight and somatic growth were recorded weekly up to the 150th day. Fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, serum leptin concentration, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were evaluated. The Tp animals showed no changes in somatic and biochemical parameters, while the NT+LPp group showed a greater abdominal circumference, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, glucose intolerance and lower plasma leptin. In the T+LPp animals, all of those alterations were reversed except for plasma leptin concentration. In conclusion, the effects of a perinatal low-protein diet on growth and development, glucose homeostasis and serum leptin concentration in the offspring were attenuated in pups from trained mothers.
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Syed, Mujahid N., and Uthman Baroudi. "Tactile Routing for Location Privacy Preservation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Game Theoretic Approach." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 7334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197334.
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Location Privacy Preservation (LPP) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) during the era of the Internet of things and smart systems is a critical element in the success of WSNs. LPP in WSN can be stated as: given a WSN with an adversary aiming to unravel the location of critical nodes of a WSN, the goal of the WSN manager is to enshroud the location of the critical nodes via routing and/or encryption mechanisms. Typical research in the LPP of WSN routing involves developing and/or estimating the performance of a fixed routing protocol under a given attack mechanism. Motivated by advancements in network softwarization, in this work, we propose an approach where the WSN manager as well as the WSN adversary can deploy multiple routing and attack mechanisms, respectively. Initially, the proposed approach is formulated as a repeated two-player zero-sum game. The formulation is further extended to handle multiple objectives and incomplete information in the game matrix. In this work, the multiple objectives are handled via the epsilon constraint method. The presence of incomplete information in the formulation is modeled as interval based uncertainty. To sum, the proposed formulation ultimately boils down to linear programming problems, which can be efficiently solved. Numerical case studies to showcase the applicability of the proposed approach are illustrated in this work. Finally, discussion on obtaining the required data from any given WSN, discussion and interpretation of the formulation’s results, and future research direction of the current work is presented.
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Dagdiya, Monika, Ashok Pakhan, Surekha Dubey, Seema Sathe, and Manish Dagdiya. "Determination of Freeway Space in Completely Edentulous Patients Using Lateral Profile Photographs—In Vivo Study." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 05, no. 01 (January 2019): 006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688540.
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Abstract Objective This study aims to determine the freeway space (FWS) using lateral profile photograph (LPP) as an adjunct in completely edentulous patients. Materials and Methods In this study, 30 patients in the age group of 45 to 60 years who met with the criteria were included. LPPs were taken for all participants using standard protocol and a duplicate copy was obtained, on which three soft tissue reference points—porion (Stp), gnathion (Stgn), and gonion (Stg)—were marked and joined to form an angle Stp-Stg-Stgn. This angle was correlated with the mean FWS obtained using swallowing. Simple linear regression model was used to develop a prediction formula for FWS using Stp-Stg-Stgn angle as the independent variable. Result This study shows that the angle Stp-Stg-Stgn had a significant negative correlation with FWS.
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Tanis, J. B., S. L. Mason, T. W. Maddox, L. Blackwood, D. R. Killick, I. Amores-Fuster, A. Harper, and R. Finotello. "Evaluation of a multi-agent chemotherapy protocol combining lomustine, procarbazine and prednisolone (LPP) for the treatment of relapsed canine non-Hodgkin high-grade lymphomas." Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 16, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vco.12387.
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Zhou, Wei, Xing Jiang, Qingsong Luo, Shanguo Huang, Bingli Guo, Xiang Sun, Shaobo Li, Xiaochuan Tan, Mingyi Ma, and Tianwen Fu. "Design and Implementation of Semi-Physical Platform for Label Based Frame Switching in Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 6674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136674.
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With the explosion of traffic demand in recent years, the integration of satellite optical networks and terrestrial networks (ISTN) creates a promising networking solution for future low-latency, high-rate, and high-capacity communications. Owing to the high cost of deploying and maintaining a satellite optical network, it is critical to carefully design and plan the network to ensure the performance of the network. Thus, a semi-physical simulation platform based on software-defined networks (SDNs) is developed to simulate a satellite optical network and evaluate the performance of the proposed label-based advanced orbiting system (AOS) frame switching method that adheres to the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems’ recommended standard (CCSDS). The semi-physical simulation platform has two major innovations: (1) adapting and integrating network protocols between the CCSDS and open system interconnect (OSI) reference models, particularly at the data link layer, and (2) the foundation for an SDN-based satellite optical network. In the control plane, real-time VxWorks Simulators serve as controllers to establish and manage various network protocols and the link manager protocol (LMP). Here, network protocols include open shortest path first (OSPF) for routing managing and controlling messages, constraint shortest path first–traffic engineering (CSPF-TE), and constraint-label distribution protocol (CR-LDP) for routing data services. LMP is used to assign and reserve satellite optical link resources. The performance of the architecture and protocols is evaluated via a semi-physical simulation platform.
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Wold, Andrew, Rebecca Boehme, and Magnus Thordstein. "Just Breathe: Improving LEP Outcomes through Long Interval Breathing." Clinical and Translational Neuroscience 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ctn6020013.
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Background: Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) constitute an objective clinical diagnostic method used to investigate the functioning of the nociceptor system, including signaling in thin peripheral nerve fibers: Aδ and C fibers. There is preliminary evidence that phase locking LEPs with the breathing cycle can improve the parameters used to evaluate LEPs. Methods: We tested a simple breathing protocol as a low-cost improvement to LEP testing of the hands. Twenty healthy participants all underwent three variants of LEP protocols: following a video-guided twelve-second breathing instruction, watching a nature video, or using the classic LEP method of focusing on the hand being stimulated. Results: The breath protocol produced significantly shorter latencies as compared with the nature or classic protocol. It was also the least prone to artifacts and was deemed most acceptable by the subjects. There was no difference between the protocols regarding LEP amplitudes. Conclusions: Using a breathing video can be a simple, low-cost improvement for LEP testing in research and clinical diagnostics.
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Sagal, A. B. "Language policy in the hospitality industry in Russia." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2022): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-3-32-82-95.
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The present study explores language policy and management in the industry of hospitality and tourism in the Russian Federation. Hospitality is a vital sector of the economy which receives strong government support. In 2021 and 2022, amendments to the Federal Law on the Foundations of Tourism Activity were adopted and the National Project “Tourism and the Hospitality Industry” was initiated. These documents aim to promote tourist activity in the country as well as improve the quality of TOPs (tourismoriented products). Foreign language command is inextricably linked with service quality and employees are expected to follow the accepted language code and protocol, though this is unevenly implemented. The paper analyses the adequacy of language policy in the field of hospitality. The term “language management” is preferred to “language policy planning” (LPP) as it better reflects the efforts made to implement changes in current language practices within the social group of hospitality professionals. These changes are driven by the latest political and social developments and reflect current economic and social environment. The paper draws on the latest relevant government documentation and industry language practices, comparing this analysis with the perceptions of 130 interns in Russian hospitality establishments. The comparison identifies existing language problems in the hospitality industry and points to directions for future enhancement. The study also aims to explore the adequacy of English-language preparation for hospitality professionals. It considers foreign language instruction for occupational purposes both at the tertiary level and in the workplace setting. The research paper aims to shed light on how language policy and language management may be of relevance to ESP (English for special purposes) teachers in the area of hospitality.
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Santos, Maicon Basso dos, Jefferson Candido, Sofia De Souza Baulé, Yuri Mello Müller de Oliveira, and Liseane Padilha Thives. "Greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in asphalt plants." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 24 (December 4, 2020): e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117062662.
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Hot-mix asphalt used in pavement layers is produced by asphalt plants. In Brazil, despite the fact that these industrial units produce greenhouse gases, no control or measurement protocol has yet been established. This study aims to quantify emissions in different asphalt plants, in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) and energy consumption. Asphalt plants were selected according to their type (batch or drum mix); production capacity (80 to 340 t/h), and whether mobile or fixed. In each plant, emissions were quantified and the energy consumption spent on drying and heating aggregates in the dryer drum was evaluated. The fuels used in the drier drum such as low pour point (LPP) oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas (NG) were evaluated and compared. The methodology consisted of surveying the thermal power of the dryer drum specified on the suppliers' catalog to calculate the volume of fuel required per ton of asphalt mixture produced. Based on the criterion of the lower calorific value of each fuel, the volume of fuel used was calculated according to the production of the asphalt plants. Through the GHC protocol tool, the quantification of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases was obtained, and then transformed into CO2eq emissions. As a result, lower energy consumption was observed in the mobile batch plants and higher consumption in the mobile counterflow drum mix plants. On average, 27.69% less energy per ton of processed aggregate was needed compared to the mobile counterflow plants. The use of natural gas in the dryer drum and for all plant models was the least emissive fuel. The results showed that for the mobile batch type with a capacity of 140 t/h, the emission was 13.62 kg of CO2eq / t. On the other hand, with the mobile counterflow type with a capacity of 200 t/h, 13.64 kg of CO2eq/t was produced. Finally, with the fixed counterflow type with a production capacity of 240 t/h and 300 t/h, emissions of 13.67 kg of CO2eq/t were obtained. Through this study, the mobile batch plant with a capacity of 140 t/h using natural gas showed the least environmental impact. When natural gas was used, this model obtained energy consumption and emissions 54.5% lower than the mobile counterflow model with a capacity of 50 t/h which showed the worst environmental performance.
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Ismail, Nanang, Eki Ahmad Zaki, and Muhamad Arghifary. "Interoperability and Reliability of Multiplatform MPLS VPN: Comparison of Traffic Engineering with RSVP-TE Protocol and LDP Protocol." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v11i2.2105.
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One of the alternatives to overcome network scalability problem and maintaining reliability is using MPLS VPN network. In reallity, the current network is already using a multiplatform of several different hardware vendors, i.e., Cisco and Juniper platforms. This paper discusses the comparison of the simulation results to see interoperability of multiplatform MPLS VPN andreliability through traffic engineering using RSVP-TE and LDP protocols. Both the RSVP and LDP protocols are tested on a stable network and in a recovery mode,as well as non-load conditions and with additional traffic load. The recovery mode is the condition after the failover due to termination of one of the links in the network. The no-load condition means that the network is not filled with additional traffic. There is only traffic from the measurement activity itself. While network conditions with an additional load are conditions where there is an additional UDP packet traffic load of 4.5 Mbps in addition to the measurement load itself. On a stable network and without additional traffic load, the average delay on LDP protocol is 59.41 ms, 2.06 ms jitter, 0.08% packetloss, and 8.99 Mbps throughput. Meanwhile, on RSVP protocol, the average delay is 52.40 ms, 2.39 ms jitter, 12.18% packet loss, and 7.80 Mbps throughput. When failover occurs and on recovery mode, LDP protocol is48% of packet loss per 100 sent packets while on RSVP packet loss percentage is 35.5% per 100 sent packets. Both protocols have interoperability on the third layer of multiplatform MPLS VPN, but on heavy loaded traffic condition, RSVP protocol has better reliability than the LDP protocol.
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Chowdhury, Amtul, and Mohammad Belayet Hossain. "Role of Environmental Law and International Conventions in Mitigating Climate Change Effects on Food System and Livestock Production." Lex Publica 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.14-28.
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Climate change nowadays is a global threat that is driven by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and the changeable pattern of global weather. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change since the mid-20th century, humans have had an unprecedented impact on earth’s climate system and caused change on a global scale. Consequently, this is affecting the whole food system throughout the world. The utilization of the international legal framework and protocols will have an impact on the human’s food system and livestock production. This paper intends to focus on using legal frameworks and protocols to erase the impact of climate change on the food system and livestock production. By using the quantitative research method due to the pandemic situation, this study will explain the broad uses of the Kyoto protocol and Polluter Pays Principle and shall discuss various methods that will help these principles to erase the negative impact of climate change globally. Based on the findings, this paper provides recommendations that could be considered by the developed country to use the legal and social protocols for improving the impact of climate change on the food chain system of humans and livestock production. Abstrak Perubahan iklim saat ini merupakan ancaman global yang didorong oleh emisi gas rumah kaca yang disebabkan oleh manusia dan perubahan pola cuaca global. Meskipun telah terjadi periode perubahan iklim sebelumnya, sejak pertengahan abad ke-20 manusia telah memberikan dampak yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya pada sistem iklim Bumi dan menyebabkan perubahan dalam skala global. Akibatnya, ini mempengaruhi seluruh sistem pangan di seluruh dunia. Pemanfaatan kerangka hukum dan protokol internasional akan berdampak pada sistem pangan manusia dan produksi ternak. Makalah ini bermaksud untuk fokus pada pemanfaatan kerangka hukum dan protokol untuk menghapus dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sistem pangan dan produksi ternak. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif karena situasi pandemi, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan penggunaan yang lebih luas dari protokol Kyoto, Polluter Pays Principle dan akan membahas berbagai metode yang akan membantu prinsip-prinsip ini untuk menghapus dampak negatif perubahan iklim secara global. Berdasarkan temuan makalah ini memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan oleh negara maju untuk menggunakan protokol hukum dan sosial untuk meningkatkan dampak perubahan iklim sistem rantai makanan manusia dan produksi ternak. Kata kunci: Perubahan iklim, Emisi rumah kaca, Produksi ternak, Protokol Kyoto, Prinsip pencemar membayar
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Friede, Hans. "Maxillary Growth Controversies after Two-Stage Palatal Repair with Delayed Hard Palate Closure in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Perspectives from Literature and Personal Experience." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 2 (March 2007): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-037.1.
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Objective: To analyze published papers dealing with delayed hard palate repair within a two-stage palatal surgery protocol in treatment of cleft lip and palate. Timing of the procedures, methods used, as well as growth results were considered. Method: By utilizing this information in relation to knowledge about normal maxillary development, efforts were made to explain differences in growth outcome between different investigations. Particularly, follow-up reports of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with records up to at least 10 years of age were studied. Results: Most papers reported an excellent or very good maxillary growth outcome after their delayed hard palate closure protocols. Where unsatisfactory results were published, reasonable explanations were found accounting for why the method had failed the expectation of good maxillary growth. Conclusion: Based on the published reports and the experience from a cleft team where the studied protocol has been practiced since 1975, recommendation for method as well as timing for the two-stage protocol is laid out in some detail.
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Stebel, Adam, Wanda Urbanová, Irena Klimova, Andrzej Brudnicki, Ivana Dubovska, Petra Polackova, Daniela Kroupová, Magdalena Koťová, and Piotr S. Fudalej. "The Slavcleft: a three-center study of the outcome of treatment of cleft lip and palate. Nasolabial appearance." PeerJ 9 (February 9, 2021): e10631. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10631.
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Background There is a multitude of protocols of treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) worldwide differing in number of operations, surgical techniques, and timings of surgeries. Despite, facial appearance in subjects with CLP is rarely ideal and residual stigmata are easy to notice in many patients irrespective of the protocol. The prospective controlled investigations are optimal for comparing effectiveness of treatment protocols. Because prospective studies are very challenging to perform in CLP field, it is reasonable to retrospectively assess different surgical protocols to identify the promising ones and then to test them in a prospective way. Methods Our objective was to assess the nasolabial appearance in a preadolescent Slavic population with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) by using the 0–200 numeric scale with reference photographs. Patients treated in Warsaw, Poland (n = 32), Prague, Czech Republic (n = 26) and Bratislava, Slovakia (n = 17) were included in this retrospective study. Each cleft center used a unique surgical protocol. Two panels of professional raters (n = 7) and laypeople (n = 10) scored blindly the nasolabial esthetics on cropped frontal and profile images with cropped reference photograph present on the same slide. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Bland–Altman plots. Inter-group differences were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. Results The agreement within and between raters was acceptable. We found that patients treated in Warsaw, Prague, and Bratislava showed comparable nasolabial appearance on frontal and profile photographs when judged by both professional raters (p > 0.05) and laypeople (p > 0.05). Regression analysis did not identify influence of gender, group (i.e., Warsaw, Prague, and Bratislava), age at lip repair, surgeon, and age at photographic assessment on esthetic outcome (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that none of the surgical protocols showed superiority to produce good nasolabial appearance.
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A. Alkathmawee, Ahmed, Lusong Feng, and Imad S. Alshawi. "Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks using LPA-star Search Algorithm." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i2.pp390-398.
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<p>Since sensors have limited power resources, energy consumption has become a critical challenge to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most of the routing protocols proposed to transmit data packets through paths which consume low energy aim simply to reduce battery power consumption. This can lead to lead to network partition and reduce network lifetime.Therefore, to balance energy consumption and extend network lifetime while minimizing packet delivery delay; this paper proposes a new energy-routing protocol using the lifelong planning A-star (LPA-star) search algorithm. This algorithm is used to find an optimum forwarding path between the source node and the sink. The optimum path can be selected depending on highest residual sensor energy, the shortest distance to the sink and lowest traffic load. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol increased the lifetime of the network compared with the A-star routing (EERP) protocol.</p>
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Chen, Chen, and Adrian Perrig. "PHI: Path-Hidden Lightweight Anonymity Protocol at Network Layer." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0007.
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Abstract We identify two vulnerabilities for existing highspeed network-layer anonymity protocols, such as LAP and Dovetail. First, the header formats of LAP and Dovetail leak path information, reducing the anonymity-set size when an adversary launches topological attacks. Second, ASes can launch session hijacking attacks to deanonymize destinations. HORNET addresses these problems but incurs additional bandwidth overhead and latency. In this paper, we propose PHI, a Path-HIdden lightweight anonymity protocol that solves both challenges while maintaining the same level of efficiency as LAP and Dovetail. We present an efficient packet header format that hides path information and a new back-off setup method that is compatible with current and future network architectures. Our experiments demonstrate that PHI expands anonymity sets of LAP and Dovetail by over 30x and reaches 120 Gbps forwarding speed on a commodity software router.
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Bakri, Sherif, Sara Rizell, Jan Lilja, and Hans Mark. "Vertical Maxillary Growth after Two Different Surgical Protocols in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 51, no. 6 (November 2014): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/13-122.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to compare vertical maxillofacial growth in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who were treated using two different surgical protocols. Design A retrospective cohort study. Subjects We studied 92 patients with complete UCLP (61 male and 31 female) treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden: 46 consecutive patients born between 1965 and 1974 who underwent surgical treatment according to the Wardill-Kilner (W-K) protocol and 46 consecutive patients born between 1982 and 1989 who underwent surgical treatment according to the Gothenburg delayed hard palate closure (DHPC) protocol. Methods We analyzed lateral cephalograms obtained at 10 years of age. Results Patients treated according to the Gothenburg DHPC protocol had significantly greater anterior upper facial height, anterior maxillary height, overbite, and inclination of the maxilla than those treated with the W-K protocol. Both techniques led to similar posterior upper facial height. Conclusion The Gothenburg DHPC protocol in patients with complete UCLP results in more normal anterior maxillary vertical growth and overbite and therefore increased maxillary inclination at 10 years of age.
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Gobbo, Stefano, Valentina Bullo, Manuele Bergamo, Federica Duregon, Barbara Vendramin, Francesca Battista, Enrico Roma, et al. "Physical Exercise Is Confirmed to Reduce Low Back Pain Symptoms in Office Workers: A Systematic Review of the Evidence to Improve Best Practices in the Workplace." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 4, no. 3 (July 5, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030043.
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This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of a physical exercise (PE) program on low back pain (LBP) symptoms of office workers and the modification of flexibility and range of motion (ROM), muscular strength, and quality of life (QoL). A literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus from April to May 2018. The keyword “low back pain” was associated with “office worker” OR “VDT operators” OR “office employees” OR “workplace” AND “exercise”, OR “exercise therapy” OR “physical activity”. Inclusion criteria were a home- or work-based exercise protocol for office workers with LBP symptoms and pre- to post-intervention evaluation of LBP symptoms. Three researchers independently examined all abstracts. The modified Cochrane methodological quality criteria were used for quality assessment and 11 articles were included. Exercise protocols were performed from 6 weeks to 12 months, 1–5 day per week, lasting 10–60 min for each session. Physical Exercise in the workplace improved all the considered outcomes. The best improvement was recorded in supervised protocols and in video-supported protocols performed in the workplace. The effect may be generated with small duration sessions during the working day, with only 10–15 min of adapted exercise to be performed 3–5 days per week.
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Bajic, Alexander, and Georg T. Becker. "dPHI: An improved high-speed network-layer anonymity protocol." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 304–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0054.
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AbstractThe Internet infrastructure has not been built with security or privacy in mind. As a result, an adversary who has control over a single Autonomous System can set-up mass surveillance systems to gather meta data by passively collecting the headers of the messages they route. To solve this problem, lightweight anonymous routing protocols such as LAP, DOVETAIL and most recently PHI have been proposed which are efficient enough to be deployed in a large scale infrastructure such as the Internet. In this paper we take a closer look at PHI and introduce several de-anonymization attacks malicious nodes can perform to reduce the sender and receiver anonymity. As a direct consequence of this analysis we propose a new protocol called dependable PHI (dPHI). The security analysis of dPHI includes a detailed quantitative anonymity analysis that compares dPHI with PHI, LAP and HORNET. Together with the performance analysis, this allows for a good comparison of trade-offs for these anonymity protocols.
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Juntaro, Nishio, Yamanishi Tadashi, Hiroshi Kohara, Yoshiko Hirano, Michiyo Sako, Tadafumi Adachi, Takao Mukai, and Shigenori Miya. "Early Two-Stage Palatoplasty Using Modified Furlow's Veloplasty." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 47, no. 1 (January 2010): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-067.1.
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Objective To achieve sufficient velopharyngeal function and maxillary growth for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), the authors have designed a new treatment protocol for palate closure involving early two-stage palatoplasty with modified Furlow veloplasty. Details of the surgical protocol and the outcomes of the dental occlusion of patients at 4 years of age are presented. Design and Setting This was an institutional retrospective study. Patients Seventy-two UCLP patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment protocols: patients treated using the early two-stage palatoplasty protocol (ETS group; n = 30) and patients treated using Wardill-Kilner push-back palatoplasty performed at 1 year of age (PB group; n = 42). Interventions The features of the ETS protocol are as follows: The soft palate is repaired at 12 months of age using a modified Furlow technique. The residual cleft in the hard palate is closed at 18 months of age. Lip repair is carried out at 3 months of age with a modified Millard technique for all subjects. Results The ETS group showed a significantly better occlusal condition than the PB group. The incidence of normal occlusion at the noncleft side central incisor was 7.1% in the PB group; whereas, it was 66.7% in the ETS group. Conclusion The results indicate that the early two-stage protocol is advantageous for UCLP children in attaining better dental occlusion at 4 years of age.
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Grant, Tanya M., and Bronwyn Cross-Denny. "Lethality Assessment Protocol." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 4 (April 20, 2017): 384–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817699672.
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This exploratory, qualitative research study examined the attitudes and barriers police officers identified in successful implementation of the lethality assessment protocol (LAP), a collaborative intervention between police departments and domestic violence advocacy agencies in the state of Connecticut. Focus groups were conducted at three police departments to ascertain officers’ perceptions of the LAP. Officers ( N = 22) were recruited through an individual contact at each department. Responses to focus group questions indicated both system-wide and individual police department barriers. Results showed officers generally support the protocol and believe it has beneficial intent and purpose. Obstructions identified include timing of the implementation, lack of victim cooperation, and agency culture. Implementation barriers and officers’ attitudes are discussed.
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Benitez, Benito K., Seraina K. Weibel, Florian S. Halbeisen, Yoriko Lill, Prasad Nalabothu, Ana Tache, and Andreas A. Mueller. "Craniofacial Growth at Age 6–11 Years after One-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Historical Controls." Children 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2022): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081228.
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Background: Primary alveolar bone grafting inhibits craniofacial growth. However, its effect on craniofacial growth in one-stage cleft lip and palate protocols is unknown. This study investigated whether primary alveolar bone grafting performed during one-stage unilateral cleft lip and palate repair negatively affects growth up to 6–11 years old. Methods: The craniofacial growth, dental arch relationship and palatal morphology at 6–11 years old in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate were compared retrospectively. Two cohorts after a one-stage protocol without (Group A) and with (Group B) primary bone grafting at the same center were compared. Further, cephalometric measurements for growth were compared with an external cohort of a one-stage protocol and a heathy control. Results: Group A comprised 16 patients assessed at 6.8 years (SD 0.83), and Group B comprised 15 patients assessed at 9 years (SD 2.0). Cephalometric measurements indicated similar sagittal maxillary growth deficits and a significant deviation in maxillary inclination in both groups compared to the healthy group. Moderate to severe changes in palatal morphology were observed in 70% of the members in both groups. Conclusion: Omitting primary alveolar bone grafting under the one-stage protocol with two-flap palatoplasty studied did not improve growth at 6–11 years. The results implicate two-flap palatoplasty with secondary healing as having greater adverse effects on growth than primary alveolar bone grafting. Dental and palatal morphology was considerably compromised regardless of primary alveolar bone grafting.
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Staderini, Edoardo, Romeo Patini, Andrea Camodeca, Federica Guglielmi, and Patrizia Gallenzi. "Three-Dimensional Assessment of Morphological Changes Following Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Case Report." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7010027.
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The applications of computer-guided technologies for three-dimensional image analysis provide a unique opportunity to quantify the morphological dimensional changes of the face in a practical and convenient way. Symmetry of the nasolabial area is one of the main factors of facial attractiveness as well as being the main objective of the treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP). Technological advances in computer-guided visualization modes and their applications to three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry provide more practical opportunities and alternatives for facial analysis. Each study, however, uses different protocols for the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images. In addition, each study identifies different anthropometric points and calculates linear and angular measurements with overlapping protocols. Therefore, it is appropriate to define a standardization of the three-dimensional analysis of CLP patients to compare the studies of different research centers. The aim of this report is to propose a protocol to standardize the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images to evaluate the three-dimensional changes in the nasolabial area in cleft lip and palate patients undergoing pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM).
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Shahzad, Khurram, Masoom Alam, Nadeem Javaid, Abdul Waheed, Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry, Nafees Mansoor, and Mahdi Zareei. "SF-LAP: Secure M2M Communication in IIoT with a Single-Factor Lightweight Authentication Protocol." Journal of Sensors 2022 (November 10, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1309402.
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Machine-to-machine communication allows smart devices like sensors, actuators, networks, gateways, and other controllers to communicate with one another. The industrial Internet of things (IIoT) has become a vital component. Many industrial devices are connected to perform a task automatically in machine-to-machine communication, but they are not properly secured, allowing an adversary to compromise them against a variety of attacks due to communication system vulnerabilities. Recently, a secure lightweight authentication protocol (SLAP) was proposed by Panda et al. They asserted that every known attack that could happen in the IIoT is deterred by their suggested protocol. In this study, we prove that the SLAP protocol is vulnerable to desynchronization, impersonation, replay, and eavesdropping attacks. To prevent these attacks and enhance that protocol, we need to implement a secure authentication mechanism that ensures the security of communication. This paper proposed a secure M2M Communication in IIoT with a single-factor lightweight authentication protocol (SF-LAP). Single-factor authentication is a simple and secure way to communicate. It uses less power and communication overhead while providing a secure mechanism for conversation. In the machine-to-machine (M2M) scenario, the proposed protocol uses an exclusive-OR operation and a hashing function to ensure secure communication between the sensor and the controller. The proposed mechanism uses a secure preshared key and timestamp technique to protect and safeguard this connection against desynchronization attacks and eavesdropping attacks. We used Burrows Abadi Needham (BAN) Gong, Needham, and Yahalom (GNY) logic, and the automated validation of Internet security protocols applications (AVISPA) tool for formal verification and perform a security analysis as an informal verification to make sure the suggested protocol is secure. Analysis that shows the SF-LAP consumes the least computing and communication overhead and is more secure because it prevents desynchronization and eavesdropping attacks to all of the known attacks that are modification attacks, tracing attacks, impersonation, man-in-the-middle, and replay attacks.
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Nelson-Wong, Erika, and Jack P. Callaghan. "Repeatability of Clinical, Biomechanical, and Motor Control Profiles in People with and without Standing-Induced Low Back Pain." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/289278.
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A major research focus is optimization of interventions for low back pain (LBP). Predisposing factors for LBP development have been previously identified. To differentiate changes in these factors with intervention, factor stability over time must be determined. Twenty-three volunteers without LBP participated in a LBP-inducing standing protocol on two separate days. Outcome measures included visual analog scale (VAS) for LBP and trunk/hip muscle coactivation patterns. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine repeatability. Between-day repeatability of outcome measures was excellent (ICCs>0.80). Individuals were consistent in subjective LBP, with 83% reporting similar day-to-day VAS levels. Muscle co-activation patterns and LBP reports are stable measures over time for this LBP-inducing protocol. Changes in these measures following intervention can be considered to be treatment effects and are not due to natural variability. This provides support for use of this protocol in studying interventions for standing-induced LBP.
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Muller, M. D., C. B. Westphall, and C. M. Westphall. "Authentication on LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)." IEEE Latin America Transactions 1, no. 1 (October 2003): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2003.1468620.
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Muller, M. D., C. B. Westphall, and C. M. Westphall. "Authentication on LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)." IEEE Latin America Transactions 1, no. 1 (October 2003): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2003.1642369.
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Graziani, Andréia Fernandes, Ana Paula Fukushiro, and Katia Flores Genaro. "Proposal and content validation of an orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol for individuals with cleft lip and palate." CoDAS 27, no. 2 (April 2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152014096.
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Purpose: To create and validate the content of an orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol for individuals with cleft lip and palate. Methods: The first version of an orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol for individuals with cleft lip and palate was created by two speech-language pathologists, who contemplated the structural and functional aspects of the stomatognathic system. This version was analyzed by other two speech-language pathologists experienced in cleft lip and palate assessment, who suggested changes that led to the second version of the protocol. Dynamic and static images necessary for performing the orofacial myofunctional examination were recorded from three individuals with cleft lip and palate, who represented three life stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Five examiners evaluated the images, applied the proposed protocol, and judged each item regarding its clarity to validate the content, from Content Validity Index. Results: The assessment protocol was finalized with 13 items, ten related to structural aspects and three related to functional aspects, with their corresponding sub-items. The general agreement in the validation of its content was 100%, so that only one stage was required. Conclusion: A protocol to evaluate the orofacial myofunctional aspects of individuals with cleft lip and palate was created with 13 items, as well as their corresponding sub-items, and its content was validated.
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Hu, Ruijing, Michel Kieffer, and Pierre Duhamel. "Protocol-Assisted Channel Decoding." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 19, no. 8 (August 2012): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2012.2203803.
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Chen, Chien-Ming, Zhaoting Chen, Saru Kumari, and Meng-Chang Lin. "LAP-IoHT: A Lightweight Authentication Protocol for the Internet of Health Things." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 5401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145401.
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The Internet of Health Things (IoHT), which is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare, has provided a new type of telemedicine approach. In IoHT, wearable sensors are used to collect patient health data, and information is transmitted remotely to doctors who can develop accurate treatment plans and provide timely telemedicine services to patients. However, patient health data are transmitted over a public channel, which means that the privacy and medical data of patients are at significant risk of leakage and can be confronted by serious security problems. We proposed a lightweight authentication protocol known as LAP-IoHT for IoHT environments to overcome the various threats that are currently faced by IoHT. We verified the security of LAP-IoHT using a Real-or-Random model and demonstrated its significant performance advantage by conducting a comparative analysis with other similar protocols for a better adaptation to the IoHT environment.
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Huang, Ziyue, Yuan Qiu, Ke Yi, and Graham Cormode. "Frequency estimation under multiparty differential privacy." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 10 (June 2022): 2058–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3547305.3547312.
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We study the fundamental problem of frequency estimation under both privacy and communication constraints, where the data is distributed among k parties. We consider two application scenarios: (1) one-shot, where the data is static and the aggregator conducts a one-time computation; and (2) streaming, where each party receives a stream of items over time and the aggregator continuously monitors the frequencies. We adopt the model of multiparty differential privacy (MDP), which is more general than local differential privacy (LDP) and (centralized) differential privacy. Our protocols achieve optimality (up to logarithmic factors) permissible by the more stringent of the two constraints. In particular, when specialized to the ε-LDP model, our protocol achieves an error of √ k /(ε Θ(ε) − 1) using O ( k max{ε, log 1/ε}) bits of communication and O ( k log u ) bits of public randomness, where u is the size of the domain.
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Manternach, Jeremy N., Matthew Schloneger, and Lynn Maxfield. "Effects of Straw Phonation and Neutral Vowel Protocols on the Choral Sound of Two Matched Women’s Choirs." Journal of Research in Music Education 66, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418809976.
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Many choral teacher-conductors and voice professionals utilize semioccluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises (e.g., lip trills, straw phonation) in their classrooms or studios. Research with individual singers has indicated that these techniques may increase “vocal economy,” boosting acoustic output while reducing singer effort. Recently, researchers have investigated these phenomena in choral settings, finding that choirs have maintained or increased spectral energy after straw phonation. Most chorister participants have perceived improved choral sound and vocal efficiency after the protocols. These investigations, however, have used one-group pretest-posttest designs. Therefore, results could reflect a “masterclass effect.” The purpose of this study was to compare acoustic output and listener perceptions of pre- and posttest measurements of two matched women’s choirs who engaged in (a) a straw phonation protocol or (b) an identical protocol performed on a neutral, unoccluded vowel (“ah”). Results indicated that both groups sang with more spectral energy after the protocols, and a majority of expert listeners noted these increases. However, the straw group’s increase was more than 1 dB SPL greater across the entire spectrum (0–10 kHz). Choral teacher-conductors and music teacher educators may wish to use straw phonation exercises to increase choral output and reduce vocal effort.
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Lourenço, Luciano. "Protocolo entre LBP e RISCOS." Territorium, no. 23 (November 9, 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_23_23.
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Paramasivam, Prasath, Martin Stöter, Eloina Corradi, Irene Dalla Costa, Andreas Höijer, Stefano Bartesaghi, Alan Sabirsh, et al. "Quantitative intracellular retention of delivered RNAs through optimized cell fixation and immunostaining." RNA 28, no. 3 (December 23, 2021): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.078895.121.
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Detection of nucleic acids within subcellular compartments is key to understanding their function. Determining the intracellular distribution of nucleic acids requires quantitative retention and estimation of their association with different organelles by immunofluorescence microscopy. This is particularly important for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics, which depends on endocytic uptake and endosomal escape. However, the current protocols fail to preserve the majority of exogenously delivered nucleic acids in the cytoplasm. To solve this problem, by monitoring Cy5-labeled mRNA delivered to primary human adipocytes via lipid nanoparticles (LNP), we optimized cell fixation, permeabilization, and immunostaining of a number of organelle markers, achieving quantitative retention of mRNA and allowing visualization of levels that escape detection using conventional procedures. The optimized protocol proved effective on exogenously delivered siRNA, miRNA, as well as endogenous miRNA. Our protocol is compatible with RNA probes of single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) and molecular beacon, thus demonstrating that it is broadly applicable to study a variety of nucleic acids in cultured cells.
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Alizadeh, Mohammad Hosein, Behrouz Jafari, and Mohammad Rahim Amiri. "The Effect of Prevention and Management Protocols on Low Back Pain in Athletes: A Systematic Review." Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.12.4.537.1.
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Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder reported in the community, leading to chronic pain and disability. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of prevention and management protocols on LBP in athletes. Methods: Searches were conducted from 2010 to 2022 from international databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed using keywords related to back pain in athletes. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) presenting the prevention and management protocol for back pain of athletes were included in this review. The physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale was used to check the quality of articles. Results: Finally, 16 articles with 1,317 subjects met the inclusion criteria. These studies have mainly focused on the effect of taping, cognitive functional approach, movement patterns, conditioning, lifestyle, motor control, segmental motion, isokinetic, core stabilization, virtual reality training, dynamic and static stretching, Mézières method, functional movement screen, and semi-customized exercises in athletes at risk of LBP. The positive effect of stability and cognitive exercises were documented. Conclusion: The deep and superficial muscle integration exercises by correcting the body posture and correct muscle calling had the greatest effect on the balance of the muscles.
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Walker, Marcus Anthony, Yara Younan, Christopher de la Houssaye, Nickolas Reimer, Douglas D. Robertson, Monica Umpierrez, Gulshan B. Sharma, and Felix M. Gonzalez. "Volumetric evaluation of lumbar epidural fat distribution in epidural lipomatosis and back pain in patients who are obese: introducing a novel technique (Fat Finder algorithm)." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 7, no. 1 (March 2019): e000599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000599.
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ObjectiveSpinal epidural lipomatosis (EL) represents an excessive deposition of unencapsulated adipose tissue in the spinal canal that can result in chronic back pain in patients who are obese with and without diabetes. We aim to calculate the total volumetric epidural fat on lumbar spine MRI in a predominately obese population and correlate total epidural fat to lower back pain (LBP) and body mass index (BMI).Research design and methodsWe developed a program (Fat Finder) to quantify volumetric distribution of epidural fat throughout the lumbar spine. Eleven patients with LBP were imaged using two MRI protocols: parallel axial slices and conventional clinical protocol. The distribution of epidural fat per level was analyzed and normalized to the spinal canal size.ResultsOur sample had an average age of 59.9 years and BMI of 31.57 kg/m2. EL subgroup consisted of seven patients. The L2–L5 total fat volume was 3477.6 mm3 (1431.1–5595.9) in the EL group versus 1783.8 mm3 (815.0–2717.5) in the age-similar non-EL group. A higher percentage of fat volume in the canal was associated with higher LBP scores. The fat percentage was 32.2% among patients with EL versus 15.4% for age-similar non-EL with LBP score of 6.1 and 4.0, respectively.ConclusionsThe Fat Finder is a novel volumetric method to quantify epidural lumbar spinal fat. The epidural fat favors the lower spinal segment with direct proportionality between the fat volume and LBP score, independent of BMI.
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Salimi, Negar, Aleksejūnienė Jolanta, Yen Edwin, and Loo Angelina. "A Standardized Protocol for the Prospective Follow-Up of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618771422.
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Objective: To develop a standardized all-encompassing protocol for the assessment of cleft lip and palate patients with clinical and research implications. Method: Electronic database searches were conducted and 13 major cleft centers worldwide were contacted in order to prepare for the development of the protocol. In preparation, the available evidence was reviewed and potential fistula-related risk determinants from 4 different domains were identified. Results: No standardized protocol for the assessment of cleft patients could be found in any of the electronic database searches that were conducted. Interviews with representatives from several major centers revealed that the majority of centers do not have a standardized comprehensive strategy for the reporting and follow-up of cleft lip and palate patients. The protocol was developed and consisted of the following domains of determinants: (1) the sociodemographic domain, (2) the cleft defect domain, (3) the surgery domain, and (4) the fistula domain. Conclusion: The proposed protocol has the potential to enhance the quality of patient care by ensuring that multiple patient-related aspects are consistently reported. It may also facilitate future multicenter research, which could contribute to the reduction of fistula occurrence in cleft lip and palate patients.
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Davis, William, Marilyn A. Cohen, and Martha S. Matthews. "Change in Initial Tympanostomy Tube Placement Timing Yields Decreased Burden of Care Without Increased Complications in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 12 (August 12, 2020): 1417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665620944759.
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Objective: To report a practice audit of the consequences of a change in protocol in the timing of placement of tympanostomy tubes in infants with cleft lip and palate. Participants: All children with a diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, treated between November 1998 and May 2006 under the old protocol, and between December 2012 and July 2016 under a new protocol. Under the old protocol, tympanostomy tubes were first inserted at the time of lip repair at around age 2 months. Under the new protocol, tympanostomy tubes were deferred until the time of palate repair around the age of 9 months. Children with syndromic diagnoses other than Stickler syndrome and Van der Woude syndrome, and children who failed newborn hearing screen were excluded. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of otorrhea from birth to 6 months after palate repair and presence of hearing loss at ages 1 and 2. Results: Deferral of tympanostomy tubes until the time of palate repair decreases the burden of care due to otorrhea as compared to early tympanostomy tubes at the time of lip repair. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hearing thresholds at or below 15 dB at age 1 or 2. Conclusions: Placement of tympanostomy tubes at the time of palate repair balances the goals of minimizing the adverse effects from middle ear effusion and minimizing the burden of care on our patients and their families.
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M??lega, Jos?? M. "PROTOCOLS FOR CLEFT LIP AND PALATE." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 110, no. 1 (July 2002): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200207000-00105.
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Kim, Jung-Yong, Mohamad Parnianpour, and William S. Marras. "Development of Experimental Protocol to Quantitativey Assess the Neuromuscular Control Capability of Low-Back Pain Patients." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 11 (October 1995): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901108.
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An experimental protocol was developed in this study in order to quantify the control capability of the trunk movement for LBP patients. Fitts' law (1954) was employed to measure the dynamic performance parameters such as flexion/extension velocity and acceleration with controlled ROM and the information processing capacity (bits/second) of the trunk. A series of statistical analyses were performed to reduce the length of protocol for clinical application; 11 indices of difficulty (ID= log2(2A/W), A: ROM, W: target tolerance) used by Kim et al. (1993, 1994) were shortened into 3 ID conditions. The accuracy of the protocol was validated by comparing those two conditions: 3 IDs and 11 IDs. This clinical protocol was also adjusted to test patients with ROM from 20 degrees to 40 degrees and above. This final short experimental protocol can be used to evaluate the neuromuscular performance of LBP patients with a minimal discomfort.
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Cash, Alexander C. "Presurgical orthopaedics/nasoalveolar moulding in cleft children: could you, should you, would you?" Faculty Dental Journal 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/204268513x13703528619040.
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‘Amalgam versus composite’, ‘wisdom tooth coronectomy versus extraction in toto’, ‘wet versus dry bonding’, ‘smooth versus rough implants’, ‘cortical screws versus Mini-plate osteosynthesis’ – there are controversies, myths and mystery in all areas of modern dentistry, even today, in this age of scientific evidence, best practice and big brother. In the cleft world, controversies also abound. In fact, fundamental questions remain unanswered: we still do not know what the best overall treatment protocol is for the child born with a complete unilateral bony cleft lip and palate.1 Little by little, however, the evidence base is enlarging. Centralised UK regional cleft services, knowledge of national and international outcomes, and research protocols all aid the plugging of these gaps in our knowledge, and help us to find the missing pieces of the cleft jigsaw.
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Prykhodko, Yevhenii, Oleksandr Ioffe, and Oleksandr Stetsenko. "ERAS protocol in practice of general surgeon. Our experience." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 128, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(128).2022.28-31.
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the concept of Fast track surgery involves long-term reduction of the stress response on the surgery. During a pandemic, the ERAS principles of surgery offer even more relevance, in order to reduce hospital stay and thus reduce the risk of infection. In this study used the method of survey and comparison of data of patients treated at the Department of General Surgery №2 NMU named after O.O. Bogomolets in the period from September 2011 to May 2019, namely - 569 patients who underwent elective surgery using ERAS protocols and minimally invasive surgical interventions. With the using of ERAS protocols was showed that average bed-day was 1.73 days in LHE, 1.43 in LGP, 4.99 in LBI and 4.3 in LOC. Sampling was also performed for different types of surgical interventions: LGP and "open" GP were compared, the average operation time was 117 +/- 35 min and 145 +/- 41 min, respectively, relative to the time spent by the patient in the hospital, the following data were obtained: LGP-2,65 +/- 1, 21 days, and at "open" GP-7,91 +/- 1,52 days. Conclusions: Application of ERAS protocols: reduces pain for the all period of the patient's stay in the hospital, reduces hospital stay, accelerates the return to normal quality of life, reduces the risk of postoperative complications.
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Hajmirzaei Tafreshi, Mehri, Hooman Minoonejad, and Foad Seidi. "Effect of Fatigue on the Core Muscle Endurance in Female Athletes With and Without Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain." Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.13.2.125.1.
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Purpose: Non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common type of chronic LBP and a common debilitating condition, especially in athletes, that can also affect performance. The core muscles are necessary to create a stable level of support for sports performance and appropriate movements of all organs, and its deficiency is related to complications, such as LBP. This research aims to investigate the effect of a fatigue protocol on core muscle endurance in athletes with and without non-specific chronic LBP. Methods: A controlled laboratory study was conducted; 42 female athletes with and without non-specific chronic LBP were selected through convenience sampling method and divided into two groups with non-specific chronic LBP and without non-specific chronic LBP. McGill’s core endurance test was used to measure core muscle endurance. The measurements were done before and after the implementation of the functional core fatigue protocol (FCFP). SPSS software, version 22 and dependent t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to evaluate mean differences obtained in the two groups. The significance level was considered 95%, and the α level was ≤0.05. Results: The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the two groups with and without non-specific chronic LBP after performing the functional core fatigue protocol (FCFP) in McGill’s test scores in isometric flexion exercise (P=0.001), isometric extensor exercise (P=0.001), right side bridge (P=0.001) and left side bridge (P=0.001). In the post-test measurement, the endurance of the core muscles decreased in the LBP group. Conclusion: The findings revealed that fatigue can affect the core stability and reduce the core muscles endurance of female athletes with non-specific chronic LBP. Therefore, core muscle weakness can be recognized as a risk factor for chronic LBP, and in order to prevent this damage, it is recommended to strengthen this area in rehabilitation programs.
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Arcolezi, Héber H., Sébastien Gambs, Jean-François Couchot, and Catuscia Palamidessi. "On the Risks of Collecting Multidimensional Data Under Local Differential Privacy." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 5 (January 2023): 1126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3579075.3579086.
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The private collection of multiple statistics from a population is a fundamental statistical problem. One possible approach to realize this is to rely on the local model of differential privacy (LDP). Numerous LDP protocols have been developed for the task of frequency estimation of single and multiple attributes. These studies mainly focused on improving the utility of the algorithms to ensure the server performs the estimations accurately. In this paper, we investigate privacy threats (re-identification and attribute inference attacks) against LDP protocols for multidimensional data following two state-of-the-art solutions for frequency estimation of multiple attributes. To broaden the scope of our study, we have also experimentally assessed five widely used LDP protocols, namely, generalized randomized response, optimal local hashing, subset selection, RAPPOR and optimal unary encoding. Finally, we also proposed a countermeasure that improves both utility and robustness against the identified threats. Our contributions can help practitioners aiming to collect users' statistics privately to decide which LDP mechanism best fits their needs.
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Narayanan, V. P., and S. H. Adenwalla. "Notch-free vermillion after unilateral cleft lip repair: The Charles Pinto centre protocol." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 41, no. 02 (July 2008): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699260.
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ABSTRACTA notch on the vermillion is one of the most common complications following the repair of a unilateral cleft lip. Several methods have been described for the secondary correction of a notch. However, there are only a few reports on how the notch can be prevented during primary lip repair. Causes of a vermillion notch were analysed at the Charles Pinto Centre for Cleft Lip and Palate and each possible cause addressed by an appropriate procedure. This protocol was then followed in every patient. In this manner, we have been able to avoid notches in unilateral cleft lips altogether and more significantly, junior trainees in our department have also been able to consistently avoid a notch in their repairs.
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Swennen, Gwen, Johannes-Ludwig Berten, Franz-Josef Kramer, Chantal Malevez, Albert De Mey, Rainer Schwestka-Polly, and Jarg-Erich Hausamen. "Mandibular Morphology in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 41, no. 4 (July 2004): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/02-165.1.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare mandibular morphology and spatial position in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated at two different cleft centers (Hannover and Brussels) following different surgical treatment protocols. Patients A total of 62 Caucasian children (40 boys, 22 girls) with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were evaluated by means of conventional cephalometric analysis at approximately the age of 10 years. Data of both cleft groups were compared with a control, noncleft group (n = 40) matched according to age and sex. Interventions The Hannover children with cleft (n = 36) underwent lip repair at a mean age of 5.83 ± 1.16 months. The hard and soft palates were closed at a mean age of 29.08 ± 4.68 and 32.25 ± 4.29 months, respectively. The Brussels children with cleft (n = 26) were treated according to the Malek surgical protocol with soft palate repair at a mean age of 3.04 ± 0.20 months and simultaneous lip and hard palate repair at a mean age of 6.15 ± 0.68 months. Results Statistical analysis (analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's test) showed a significant (p = .001) smaller mandibular ramus length (Co-Go) in the Brussels cleft group, compared with the control group. The Hannover-Brussels comparison data revealed that the S-N-B angle was significantly (p = .047) less in the Brussels cleft group. Conclusions The influence of surgical procedures in patients with UCLP might not be restricted to the maxilla but could influence mandibular spatial position to the cranial base. Because of these positional changes of the mandible, both cleft groups showed facial balance.
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Belavy, Daniel L., Scott D. Tagliaferri, Martin Tegenthoff, Elena Enax-Krumova, Lara Schlaffke, Björn Bühring, Tobias L. Schulte, et al. "Evidence- and data-driven classification of low back pain via artificial intelligence: Protocol of the PREDICT-LBP study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 21, 2023): e0282346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282346.
Full textAbstract:
In patients presenting with low back pain (LBP), once specific causes are excluded (fracture, infection, inflammatory arthritis, cancer, cauda equina and radiculopathy) many clinicians pose a diagnosis of non-specific LBP. Accordingly, current management of non-specific LBP is generic. There is a need for a classification of non-specific LBP that is both data- and evidence-based assessing multi-dimensional pain-related factors in a large sample size. The “PRedictive Evidence Driven Intelligent Classification Tool for Low Back Pain” (PREDICT-LBP) project is a prospective cross-sectional study which will compare 300 women and men with non-specific LBP (aged 18–55 years) with 100 matched referents without a history of LBP. Participants will be recruited from the general public and local medical facilities. Data will be collected on spinal tissue (intervertebral disc composition and morphology, vertebral fat fraction and paraspinal muscle size and composition via magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), central nervous system adaptation (pain thresholds, temporal summation of pain, brain resting state functional connectivity, structural connectivity and regional volumes via MRI), psychosocial factors (e.g. depression, anxiety) and other musculoskeletal pain symptoms. Dimensionality reduction, cluster validation and fuzzy c-means clustering methods, classification models, and relevant sensitivity analyses, will classify non-specific LBP patients into sub-groups. This project represents a first personalised diagnostic approach to non-specific LBP, with potential for widespread uptake in clinical practice. This project will provide evidence to support clinical trials assessing specific treatments approaches for potential subgroups of patients with non-specific LBP. The classification tool may lead to better patient outcomes and reduction in economic costs.
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Kotova, Magdalena, Wanda Urbanova, Andrej Sukop, Renata Peterkova, Miroslav Peterka, and Tereza Petrova. "Dentoalveolar Arch Dimensions in UCLP Boys After Neonatal Cheiloplasty or After Lip Surgery at the Age of 3 or 6 Months." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 8 (January 29, 2019): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618824835.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To compare the influence of 3 different time protocols of cleft lip and palate operations on the growth of the dentoalveolar arch in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Materials and Methods: We evaluated 64 plaster casts of 8-year-old boys with UCLP operated on according to 3 different time protocols: lip repair at the age of 6 months and palate repair at 4 years, lip repair at 3 months and palate repair at 9 months, and neonatal lip repair and palate repair at 9 months. The control group contained 13 plaster casts of 8-year-old boys. The dentoalveolar arch width was measured between deciduous canines and between the second deciduous molars; the length was measured between incisive papilla and the line connecting both tuber maxillae. Results: All measured distances were statistically significantly smaller in boys with UCLP than in the control group. Intercanine width was not statistically significantly different between the patients operated on according to the different time protocols. In comparison to the lip repair at 6 months and palate repair at 4 years, the intermolar width was statistically significantly smaller in the group with neonatal lip repair; the alveolar arch length was statistically significantly shorter in both groups with lip repair performed neonatally or at 3 months. Conclusions: The length of the dentoalveolar arch is shorter after surgical repair of cleft lip neonatally or at the age of 3 months. Cleft palate repair at 9 months can contribute to a reduction in the width of the dentoalveolar arch.
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Brownstein, Callum G., Robin Souron, Nicolas Royer, Benjamin Singh, Thomas Lapole, and Guillaume Y. Millet. "Disparate kinetics of change in responses to electrical stimulation at the thoracic and lumbar level during fatiguing isometric knee extension." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00635.2019.
Full textAbstract:
The present study compared the fatigue-induced change of matched-amplitude thoracic evoked potential (TMEP) and lumbar evoked potential (LEP) following electrical stimulation. Ten participants performed a 3 × 3 min isometric knee extension contraction separated by 4 min of recovery at the level of EMG required to produce 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force at baseline. The TMEP and LEP were evoked during the ongoing contraction at baseline and every minute into the fatiguing protocol and during recovery. Both responses were also assessed during a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evoked silent period to elicit a TMS-TMEP and TMS-LEP to assess responses without the confounding influence of descending drive. The results displayed disparate kinetics of the TMS-TMEP and TMS-LEP throughout the fatiguing protocol. The TMS-TMEP was reduced at all time points during exercise ( P < 0.001), whereas the TMS-LEP was reduced at 2 min into set 1 and 1 min into sets 2 and 3 ( P ≤ 0.04). TMS-LEPs were higher than the TMS-TMEPs at most time points ( P ≤ 0.04). No change was observed in the TMEP or LEP. When evoked during the silent period, the reduction in TMEP is greater than the LEP during fatiguing isometric exercise. The disparate kinetics of change suggest that differential mechanisms are responsible for evoked responses to thoracic and lumbar stimulation. More research is required to identify the mechanisms responsible for the TMEP and LEP before precise inferences can be made on what fatigue-induced changes in these variables reflect. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Assessing spinal excitability using lumbar stimulation when measuring responses in lower limbs has been suggested as an alternative method that could circumvent the issues associated with thoracic stimulation. The present study compared responses to the two types of stimuli throughout a fatiguing protocol and demonstrated that lumbar evoked responses differ substantially from thoracic responses when measured in the absence of voluntary drive. These findings suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for evoked responses to thoracic and lumbar stimuli.