Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Loy Yang'

Accumulation of fly ash during post-combustion capture (PCC) of CO2 is an emerging concern. This work assesses concerns that soluble ash components (e.g. Na, Ca, Mg) increase conductivity of amine systems increasing corrosion rates, and decreasing CO2 capture e ciency; slightly soluble metals ions (e.g. Fe) may catalyse amine oxidation; and insoluble ash components cause erosion and blockages in the PCC plants as well as providing catalytic surfaces. Loy Yang brown-coal y ashes (using XRD, SEM, EDS and ICP-MS) are rst characterised and separated into soluble, insoluble and char fractions. The e ect of each fraction on MEA oxidation (measured by UV-vis and organic acid formation) and corrosion is determined using lab-scale experiments in static and stirred pressurised reactors at simulated PCC stripper conditions. Fly ash was three times more soluble in severely oxidising conditions compared to mild 30% MEA extractions. Vantho te represents 10-20% of the y ash and was the main source of sodium, calcium and magnesium ions while Szmolnockite was a source of iron. Iron solubility was dependent on conditions, with 5% soluble in aqueous MEA and 10% in simulated desorber conditions. The soluble fraction was the only ash fraction to signi cantly promote MEA oxidation. Aged pall rings from a PCC pilot plant had severe grain boundary corrosion and chromiumoxide depletion. Grain boundary corrosion was less severe in pall rings under severely oxidising conditions. The e ects of soluble ash were unclear while organic acids promoted pitting. Fly ash is an important source of soluble sodium, calcium and iron into 30% MEA. The insoluble fraction had minimal impact on MEA oxidation and corrosion, suggesting that it was inert. Soluble ash fractions increased corrosion severity and promoted MEA oxidation. This work shows that deep y ash removal prior to PCC is particularly important for ashes with high solubility in the CO2 absorption system.
Doctor of Philosophy

The Latrobe Valley mines, Victoria, Australia, are facing some major challenges as they approach the end of their mining life. Most of these challenges surround current rehabilitation practice and the ability to create safe and stable landforms for future land uses well after the mines have closed. As there has been no developed alternative use for the brown coal at this stage, stopping power generation leads to the cessation of mining. AGL Loy Yang is undertaking rehabilitation cover trials on exposed coal batters to investigate optimal cover materials that will enable safe and stable batters well beyond mine closure. A series of rehabilitation trials using coarse coal ash have been constructed by AGL to assess the performance of coarse coal ash as a ‘subsurface drainage layer’. One of the trials includes the use of a 1 metre coarse coal ash layer placed below a 1 metre thick clay cover and above a coal surface shaped to approximately 18 degrees (1V:3H). Without a drainage layer, water may percolate through the clay cover or seep through the intact brown coal, resulting in a build of pore water pressure at the coal – clay interface and increasing the potential for slope failure. The aim of this research work was to assess the spatial distribution of ash properties known to affect drainage behaviour at the field scale; to test and calibrate field-monitoring equipment that can be used to assess drainage behaviour at the field-scale; to provide recommendations for further research on the use of coal ash drainage layer; and to provide a benchmark for future testing and monitoring. Through an experimental investigation, it was shown that there no significant variation exists in the coarse fraction of Loy Yang pond ash’s physical and chemical properties. Monitoring equipment used to determine the field drainage performance of the ash included a T8 Tensiometer and EnviroPro (multi-capacitance sensor) that were calibrated and tested in the laboratory. It was determined that monitoring devices used in this study were suitable for measuring the ash’s hydraulic behaviour only once calibrations had been performed. As a result the tested field equipment were included in the design of a future monitoring program.
Masters by Research

Although the thermodynamic advantages of using solar energy to replace the bled off steam in the regeneration system of Rankine cycle coal fired power stations has been proven theoretically, the practical techno/economic feasibility of the concept has yet to be confirmed relative to real power station applications. To investigate this concept further, computer modelling software “THERMSOLV” was specifically developed for this project at Deakin University, together with the support of the Victorian power industry and Australian Research Council (ARC). This newly developed software simulates the steam cycle to assess the techno/economic merit of the solar aided concept for various power station structures, locations and local electricity market conditions. Two case studies, one in Victoria Australia and one in Yunnan Province, China, have been carried out with the software. Chapter one of this thesis defines the aims and scope of this study. Chapter two details the literature search in the related areas for this study. The thermodynamic concept of solar aid power generation technology has been described in chapter three. In addition, thermodynamic analysis i.e. exergy/availability has been described in this chapter. The “Thermosolv” software developed in this study is detailed in chapter four with its structure, functions and operation manual included. In chapter five the outcomes of two case studies using the “Thermosolv” software are presented, with discussions and conclusions about the study in chapters 6 and 7 respectfully. The relevant recommendations are then made in chapter eight.

The solvent-induced swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals was examined in detail to probe the bonding mechanisms in very low rank coals (in this case Victorian brown coal). Correlation of solvent properties with differences in observed swelling behaviour were interpreted in terms of the coal structure, and means of predicting the observed behaviour were considered. Modification of the coal structure via physical compression (briquetting), chemical digestion, thermal modification, and functional group alkylation was used to further elucidate those structural features which govern the swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals. Briquette weathering (i.e. swelling and disintegration of briquettes when exposed to variations in humidity and temperature) was examined by making alterations to briquette feed material and observing the effects on swelling in water. The application of solubility parameter alone to prediction of coal swelling was rejected due to the many exceptions to any proposed trend. Brown coal swelling showed a minimum when the solvent electron-donor number (DN) minus its electron-acceptor number (AN) was closest to zero, i.e. when DN and AN were of similar magnitude. The degree of swelling increased either side of this point, as predicted by theory. In contrast to the solubility parameter approach (which suffers from the uncertainty caused by specific interaction between coal and solvent), the electron donor/acceptor approach is about specific interactions. It was concluded that a combination of total and three-dimensional solubility parameters and solvent electron donor/acceptor numbers may be used to predict solvent swelling of unextracted brown coals with some success. Solvent access to chemically densified coal was found to be insensitive to a reduction in pore volume, and chemical effects were dominant. Thermal modification of the digested coal resulted in reduced swelling for all solvents, indicating that the structure had adopted a minimum energy configuration due to decarboxylation and replacement of hydrogen bonds with additional covalent bonds. Swelling of oxygen-alkylated coals demonstrated that the more polar solvents are able to break relatively weak hydrogen bonded crosslinks. The large difference between the rate and extent of swelling in water (and hence weathering) of Yallourn and Morwell briquettes was shown to be almost entirely attributable to exchanged magnesium. Magnesium exchange significantly increases the rate and extent of swelling of Yallourn coal. It was also shown that the swelling of briquettes due to uptake of water by magnesium-exchanged coals is reduced significantly with controlled ageing of the briquettes. The solvent swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals is consistent with the notion that coal is a both covalently and non-covalently crosslinked and entangled macromolecular network comprising extractable species, which are held within the network by a wide range of non-covalent, polar, electron donor/acceptor interactions. Solvents capable of significant extraction of whole brown coals are also capable of significant swelling, but not dissolution, of the macromolecular coal network, which supports the view that the network is comprised of both covalent and ionic bonding. Victorian brown coals have also been shown to exhibit polyelectrolytic behaviour due to a high concentration of ionisable surface functionalities.

This work presents an initial rotor position estimation method for low saliency interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The method injects signals into the stationary alpha-beta frame of the motor and substitutes the injected signals into the stationary alpha-beta frame model of the motor to solve for the rotor position. In particular, the method injects specific signals into the motor to eliminate the rotor-position-independent terms while keeping the rotor-position and motor-saliency dependent terms in the motor model. As a result, the rotor-position and motor-saliency dependent terms are invulnerable to errors or noise in the rotor-position-independent terms and therefore when used to solve for the rotor position, lead to accurate results in rotor position estimation. Experimental results show that the position estimation error is less than 5° electrical for a low saliency IPMSM whose d-axis and q-axis inductance are 1.65mH and 1.70mH respectively.

A measurement of the Drell-Yan differential cross section at low invariant mass is presented in the di-muon channel. A 1.64 pb−1 dataset of √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC is used. The measurement is made in an invariant mass range of 26 < M < 66 GeV where M is the invariant mass of the muon pair. A review of the relevant theoretical physics and the ATLAS detector is made. The analysis is described with particular attention paid to the determination of the isolation efficiency corrections for the Monte Carlo and the estimate of the multijet background. The fiducial differential cross section is calculated with a statistical uncertainty that varies between 0.8% and 1.2%. The systematic uncertainty is seen to vary between 2.4% and 4.1%. A cross section extrapolated to the full phase space is also presented. This is dominated by theoretical uncertainties from the variation of the factorisation and renormalisation scales. The obtained fiducial differential mass cross section is compared to theoretical predictions at NLO and NNLO in perturbative QCD. It is shown that a move beyond NLO is needed to describe the distribution well due to the restrictions of using a fixed order theoretical prediction. A combination with the electron channel measurement is also briefly discussed as well as comparisons to a di-muon measurement in an extended invariant mass range. This allows similar, but stronger conclusions to be drawn. A discussion is made of a PDF fit that uses the measurement presented here. The fit demonstrates the impact of the measurement on the PDFs and further supports the conclusion that a move to NNLO in pQCD is needed to describe the data.

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Evalúa la experiencia en el uso de la uretrotomía con láser Holmium: YAG en pacientes con estenosis uretral del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza (HNAL). 2010-2014. El estudio es observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de estenosis uretral sometidos a uretrotomía láser en el HNAL durante el periodo 2010 al 2014. Para el análisis descriptivo de las variables cualitativas se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas; para las variables cuantitativas se estimaron las medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Además, se utilizaron herramientas graficas como diagrama de barras y/o diagrama circular. El promedio de edad de los pacientes con estenosis uretral sometidos a uretrotomía laser fue de 41,1±16,8 años, la mayoría eran mayores a 40 años (52,4%), estado civil casado (61,9%) y ocupación albañil (38,1%). Dentro de las características epidemiológicas, las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la diabetes mellitus (28,6%) y la hipertensión arterial (19%); la etiología de la estrechez con mayor frecuencia fue traumática en 19 pacientes (90,5%). Con relación a las características clínicas, solo 9,5% tuvieron cirugía uretral previa, 90,5% presentó estenosis uretral posterior y la longitud de la estrechez fue menor a un centímetro en 71,4%. El tiempo operatorio promedio de la uretrotomía laser fue de 87,5±31,1 minutos, con mayor frecuencia en el intervalo de 60 a 120 minutos (76,2%). El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue menor a 3 días en 76,2% y mayor o igual a 3 días en 23,8% de los pacientes. Así mismo, el tiempo de uso de la sonda Foley en los pacientes con estenosis uretral fue 15,1±5,8 días, donde la mayoría de los pacientes (57,1%) lo usaron por más de 14 días. Los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior posterior al retiro de la sonda Foley fueron clasificados según intensidad, moderado (71,4%), severo (28,6%) y ningún caso como leve. Posterior a los 6 meses de la uretrotomía laser el 28,6% requirió de intervención quirúrgica mediante uretroplastía. Se concluye que la uretrotomía con láser Holmium: YAG en pacientes con estenosis uretral requirió un tiempo operatorio promedio de 87,5 minutos, la estancia hospitalaria fue menor a 3 días en la mayoría de casos y el 28,6% de los pacientes necesitó de tratamiento quirúrgico adicional a los 6 meses de la intervención.
Trabajo académico

La traduction française du Hong Lou Meng date de plus d'un siècle. De nos jours, il existe en France trois extraits traduits et deux traductions en volume parmi lesquelles celle de Li Tche-houa a permis aux lecteurs français d'apprécier cette grande oeuvre dans son intégralité. Néanmoins, depuis 1981, aucune orientation théorique n'a permis de procéder systématiquement à l'interprétation et à la critique de cette traduction. C'est la raison principale qui nous a conduits à choisir la traduction de ce roman comme sujet de notre thèse. Notre but est d'explorer une nouvelle méthodologie pour mieux traduire l'œuvre originale. Nous avons d'abord clarifié l'objectif central de la traduction de ce roman. Du point de vue esthétique, on définit sa valeur centrale par la notion de « beauté poétique qui privilégie le sentiment», lequel constitue aussi l'objectif central de la traduction du roman. Puis nous avons indiqué que la beauté ne préexiste pas au jugement esthétique, mais que les deux surviennent de manière concomitante. Une fois identifié l'objet de la traduction, nous avons souligné que la mission principale de la traduction du roman ne réside pas dans l'expression des éléments subjectifs ni objectifs, mais dans la représentation de leurs « relations» dynamiques et dialectiques. Ainsi le processus proprement dit de la traduction littéraire est-il réexprimé sous la forme «empathie -exotopie - surplus de vision- recréation». Enfin nous avons émis une hypothèse du point de vue esthétique : l'unité de traduction du Hong Lou Meng réside dans l'image qui peut être représentée esthétiquement dans le texte traduit
This dissertation is made of an introduction and five chapters. The introduction highlights above all the reason why we have chosen the perspective of "poetic beauty" as our main approach to the translation of this novel. Therefore, our discussions of theory and skills are confined to the esthetic framework. After introducing the history of the translation and studies of Hong Lou Meng in France to serve both as the basis of our demonstration and contribution to the "Redology" (the study of the novel A Dream of Red Mansions) in China, we have announced the contents and the connections of the five chapters, so as to clarizy the general structure of the dissertation. Finally, we have summarized the main arguments defended in the thesis. The first chapter tries to elucidate several theoretical problems. After having clarified the main target, the principal mission and the process, and put forward hypotheses concerning the unit of translation of Hong Lou Meng, we have set out arguments for our new strategy of translation based on three elements : image of word, image of rhetoric and image of rhythm. Besides, the translator should also pay attention to the coherence of the images, thereby completing the "atmosphere" of the translated work and achieving the core objective which consists in the representation of the artistic vision of the riginai work. In summary, the demonstration of the five chapters in this dissertation has presented a circular operation of "mindmosphere - image - discourse - image- mindmosphere", which corresponds with our interpretation of the bi-directional circular movement of the subjective and objective factors in the translation of Hong Lou Meng

This dissertation constitutes a detailed investigation of the history of the Lok Sin Tong Free School. It discusses how benevolent societies expanded their service scope in Hong Kong, as well as how the reforms in the education system and teaching curriculum of mainland China affected those in Hong Kong in the 1930s. Lok Sin Tong, one of the most remarkable charitable organizations in pre-war Hong Kong, formally expanded into the education field in 1929 with the establishment of the Lok Sin Tong Free School. The School was located at 32 Dai Tit Street, and its aim was to provide free education to children from Kowloon City who had formerly been deprived of schooling. The School began accepting male applicants in 1930. The first principal was Tam Kit-Sang, and the second was Wong Bun-Po. The School offered primary education and a four-year curriculum focusing on Chinese education. By 1938, when a new campus was established, the School’s number of students exceeded 300. However, soon after the outbreak of the Pacific War and Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in December 1941, the School was forced to close its doors. This dissertation comprises six chapters. The first defines the term “free school” and reviews the history of research on the Lok Sin Tong Free School. The second chapter outlines the historical development of Kowloon City and the Kowloon Walled City prior to 1941, and discusses how the local Kowloon City culture was key to the reestablishment of Lok Sin Tong’s services in the late 1920s following a suspension of services early in the century. The third chapter traces the origins and narrates the development of Lok Sin Tong from 1880 to 1941, with an emphasis on the improvement in its services under the leadership of Tam Kit-Sang and Chan Cho-Chak. The fourth chapter investigates the Lok Sin Tong Free School between 1929 and 1941, with special attention paid to its size, the quality of its teachers, its administration, curriculum and pedagogy, and student performance. An evaluation of the School’s overall effectiveness on the basis of these criteria follows. The fifth chapter presents a comparative study of the teaching and learning activities of the Lok Sin Tong Free School and those of the (1) Long Jin Free School and (2) Tung Sin Tong Free School. This comparison reveals the transformation of and changes in Chinese education in Hong Kong. The last chapter concludes the dissertation with a discussion of the interactions among free schools, benevolent societies, and the local community and culture in Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Chinese Historical Studies
Master
Master of Arts

The low mass Drell-Yan di-muon process is investigated with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, in order to provide information that advances our knowledge of the Parton Density Functions in a region of phase space unaccessible at previous experiments. A cut-based selection of di-muon events is performed, using 2010 data with a centre of mass energy of the proton-proton collisions of 7TeV, and an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. The analysis probes the region of low muon transverse momentum (pT > 6GeV), and low di-muon mass region 12 < M < 66GeV. The main challenges of the analysis are the understanding of the muon isolation and the trigger efficiency. In order to reject the large QCD background the analysis relies on stringent isolation criteria. The efficiency of the chosen selection is presented in detail. The second main part of the analysis is the measurement of the trigger efficiency for low pT threshold muon triggers. This is an important aspect of the cross section measurement, since the pT spectrum of leptons from the low mass Drell-Yan process are soft and populate the trigger threshold region. In order to measure the differential cross section in mass d dM in the fiducial region of |η| < 2.4 and pT,μ1 > 9GeV and pT,μ2 > 6GeV (asymmetric analysis) or pT,μ1 > 6GeV and pT,μ2 > 6GeV (symmetric analysis), a one dimensional bin-by-bin unfolding is adopted to account for detector reconstruction and resolution effects; all the associated uncertainties are also presented. The fiducial and extrapolated differential cross sections are measured at the Born level. Dressed level corrections are also given. The measured cross sections are shown to agree with theoretical predictions within the margin of error. A precision of 9.7% is achieved in the asymmetric analysis in the lowest invariant mass bin between 12 and 17GeV; the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the same bin are 4.2% and 8.7% respectively. In the remaining mass region the total uncertainty is smaller. The luminosity error during the 2010 data taking period is estimated to be 3.4%. In addition to the Drell-Yan cross section measurement, the thesis describes the study performed in order to extract the Lorentz angle value in the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker. The Lorentz angle is computed through the study of the SCT cluster width from both cosmic and collision data and comparison with simulation is shown. The track selection on collision data is defined and the fitting range is optimised to give robust results. Throughout this thesis the convention c = 1 is adopted.

Esta tesis está formada por dos aspectos distintos pero estrechamente relacionados: primero, un estudio sociológico sobre el éxito del premio Nobel chino Mo Yan y la difusión y canonización de su novela El clan del sorgo rojo [红高粱家族]; y, segundo, un análisis crítico sobre la traducción de los elementos culturales en tres versiones de dicha novela, una inglesa y dos españolas, examinando cómo los condicionantes sociales de la obra pueden haber influido en las traducciones, tanto en las micro unidades textuales como en los grandes rasgos. De acuerdo con la estructura general de la tesis, el marco teórico también incluye dos partes. En la primera parte, estudiamos primero los aspectos sociológicos de traducción, desde el polisistema de I. Even-Zohar, las normas de G. Toury, la reescritura de A. Lefevere, a la invisibilidad traductora de L. Venuti. En cuanto a los estudios en la difusión de las traducciones literarias, tomamos el concepto del “capitalismo lingüístico” de P. Bourdieu, los estudios sobre la circulación de libros traducidos de J. Heilbron y las reflexiones de cómo se construye un best-seller de M. Schudson. En la segunda parte, repasamos los estudios de definición y clasificación de los elementos culturales y las técnicas de traducirlos. Adoptamos la clasificación de L. Molina y A. Hurtado (2001, 2006, 2016), combinándolos con los estudios del lingüista chino D. Wen (2005), y de esta manera, proponemos nuestra clasificación de los elementos culturales en El Clan del sorgo rojo. En lo referente a las técnicas traductoras, utilizamos los conceptos propuestos también por L. Molina y A. Hurtado (2001, 2006, 2016). A lo largo de la investigación, hemos descubierto que las tres traducciones de la novela en realidad han partido de distintos textos originales chinos, que ya existen varias discrepancias entre ellas, algunas de tipo ideológico, y algunas relacionadas con descripciones de tono sexual. ¿Cuáles son las razones de estas diferencias?, ¿deberíamos reconsiderar la fama generalizada del traductor inglés H. Goldblatt como re-escritor el texto original? ¿Dónde residen exactamente las manipulaciones?, ¿cómo resuelven estos problemas las tres traducciones? Respondemos a estas preguntas realizando un análisis de las micro-unidades textuales de las tres traducciones, tomando en cuenta los factores sociológicos y resumiendo sus características distintas.
This Ph.D. dissertation studies two distinct but closely related aspects, one is the sociological study on the success of Chinese Nobel Prize winner Mo Yan, and the dissemination of his work The Clan of Red Sorghum [红高粱家族]; the second is a critical analysis of how the cultural elements, culturemas, have been translated in the three different versions under scrutiny (one in English and two in Spanish), in order to know how social circumstances may have influenced the translations, both at the micro and macro level. According to the general structure of the thesis, the theoretical framework also includes two parts. The first part is devoted to introduce the sociological aspects of translation at stake, from the polysystem of I. Even-Zohar, the rules of G. Toury, the rewriting of A. Lefevere, to the translators’ invisibility of L. Venuti. To better understand the dissemination of literary translations, this section also introduces P. Bourdieu’s concept of “linguistic capitalism”, J. Heilbron’s studies on the circulation of translated books, and M. Schudson’s reflections of how a best-selling book is made. The second part focuses on the definition and classification theories of cultural elements, culturemas, and the different approaches to translate them. Based on the approach proposed by L. Molina and A. Hurtado (2001, 2006, 2016), and that of the Chinese linguist D. Wen (2005), this dissertation presents a systematic classification of the cultural elements in The Clan of Red Sorghum, indicating the techniques applied in each case by the translators. Our research points out that the English translation by H. Goldblatt (which was used as the source text for the first Spanish) and the second Spanish Translation have used different Chinese editions of the novel, one published in 1988 in Taiwan and the other in 2012 in Beijing. Influenced by socio-historical and ideological factors, these two editions have several significant differences, some are political, some related to cultural elements. Some questions to be answered: what are the reasons of these differences? shall we reconsider the English translator’s “fame” of rewriting the original text? what are exactly are his manipulations, and how do they affect the novel’s Spanish translations, if at all? This dissertation aims to answer these questions by carrying out a micro-textual analysis of the three translations and summarizing their different characteristics from a sociological perspective.

Дисертаційне дослідження містить раціональний підхід до вирішення завдання, що передбачає вивчення впливу вугрової хвороби (ВХ) та коморбідних із нею станів (демодекозу та дискінезії жовчного міхура) на ступінь тяжкості клінічного перебігу, морфологію еритроцитів (ступінь пойкілоцитозу), якість життя хворих та розробку алгоритму комбінованого лікування з використанням лазерної терапії. Метою роботи є удосконалення діагностики та лікування хворих на вугрову хворобу у коморбідності з демодекозом та дискінезією жовчного міхура шляхом застосування в комплексній терапії високо- і низькоінтенсивного лазерного випромінювання для зменшення запалення і застійної еритеми постакне, елімінації кліщів роду Демодекс та корекції гіпомоторних порушень жовчного міхура. Під час вивчення поширеності вугрової хвороби серед молоді було досліджено 378 осіб віком 19–36 років з різними фототипами (ФТ), з яких ВХ виявлено у 82,7 % II–III ФТ та в 68,5 % V–VI ФТ. З метою підвищення інформативності діагностики демодексного ураження шкіри та скорочення часу дослідження було розроблено і запатентовано епітеліальний скотч-тест, який було використано для встановлення коморбідності ВХ з демодекозом у 305 осіб (268 з II–III / 37 із V–VI ФТ). Наявність кліщів встановлено у 67,1 % осіб із II–III та у 27,02 % осіб із V–VI ФТ. Коморбідність вугрової хвороби з дискінезією жовчного міхура (ДЖМ) вивчали серед 268 осіб із ІІ–ІІІ ФТ, яким було проведено двоетапне УЗ-дослідження із застосуванням жовчногінного стимулятору. Гіпокінетична дисфункція була встановлена серед 44 % обстежених осіб. Для оцінювання ризиків виникнення демодексного ураження шкіри у осіб з ВХ було залучено 132 особи: 56 – без вугрових елементів та 76 – із вугровими елементами. На момент залучення у дослідження серед пацієнтів не було виявлено кліщів роду Демодекс. Повторне обстеження, проведене через 12 місяців, установило наявність кліща в 3,57 % осіб без ВХ та в 21,05 % із ВХ. Показник відношення шансів (OR) становив 7,2 (довірчий інтервал 95 %: 1.582; 32.765), що достовірно підтверджує істотний ризик виникнення демодекозу у осіб з вугровою хворобою (p = 0,00533). Для реалізації поставлених у дослідженні завдань було відібрано 150 пацієнтів із ВХ середнього ступеня тяжкості (40 пацієнтів із ВХ без наявності супутньої патології; 50 пацієнтів із ВХ у коморбідності з демодекозом (Д); 50 пацієнтів із ВХ у коморбідності з демодекозом і ДЖМ із II–III ФТ, 10 пацієнтів із ВХ у коморбідності з демодекозом із V–VI ФТ, та 35 практично здорових осіб, зівставних за віком і статтю. Установлення впливу коморбідних патологій на тяжкість клінічної картини вугрової хвороби проводили з використанням міжнародної шкали Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Тяжкість клінічної картини в пацієнтів із ВХ була нижчою на 6,9 %, ніж в осіб з ВХ і демодекозом, та на 13,8 % нижчою, ніж у групі з ВХ, демодекозом (Д) і ДЖМ. Асоціацію між тяжкістю клінічних проявів ВХ та наявністю коморбідності з Д і ДЖМ було підтверджено встановленим сильним прямим зв’язком r = + 0,91 (p < 0,001). При оцінюванні інтенсивності свербежу за візуальною аналоговою шкалою VAS (Visual analogue scale) у групі з коморбідністю ВХ із Д показник був на 9,3 %, а у групі ВХ + Д+ ДЖМ – на 20,9 % вищим, ніж у 1 групі хворих з ВХ (р ˂ 0,05). За показником площі постзапальної еритеми, обчисленої з використанням програми Image J, та за шкалою клінічного оцінювання еритеми (Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale) встановлено достовірну різницю між пацієнтами з ВХ та досліджуваними групами з коморбідними станами. Вивчення морфологічних характеристик формених елементів крові на підставі даних, одержаних під час проведення світлової та растрової електронної мікроскопії, продемонструвало істотне збільшення відносної кількості змінених форм еритроцитів до 17,8 % ± 8,94 % (р ˂ 0,05) за рахунок збільшення ехіноцитів 1-го та 2-го порядків за наявності коморбідних станів, тоді як у контрольній групі цей показник склав 7,48 % ± 2,43 %. Асоціація між наявністю ДЖМ та рівнем пойкілоцитозу у пацієнтів з вугровою хворобою підтверджена встановленням прямого зв'язку середньої сили під час проведення кореляційного аналізу за Пірсоном r = +0,75 (p < 0,05). Вплив вугрової хвороби на якість життя, встановлений за результатами анкетування DLQI, демонструє істотну різницю між групами: серед пацієнтів з коморбідністю ВХ із демодекозом та ДЖМ середній загальний бал становив 8,88 бала порівняно з 5,97 у пацієнтів з ВХ. Асоціацію обтяженості ВХ коморбідною патологією та якості життя пацієнтів з ВХ було доведено під час обчислення кореляційних зв’язків: r = +0,71 (p < 0.005). З метою вдосконалення лікування вугрової хвороби у коморбідності з демодекозом і дискінезією ЖМ було розроблено алгоритм комбінованої терапії з поетапним застосуванням топічної та системної лазерної терапії. Для зменшення проявів запалення та елімінації кліщів роду Демодекс пацієнтам був проведений курс лазерних процедур із використанням лазерного апарата з довжиною хвилі 1 064 нм з дистантною обробкою шкіри за наступними параметрами: довжина хвилі (λ) = 1 064 нм; діаметр робочої плями (Ø) – 6 мм; флюенс – 35 Дж/см2; довжина імпульсу – 0,6 мс. Для корекції гіпомоторної дисфункції ЖМ застосовували внутрішньовенну лазерну терапію (ВЛТ) із використанням випромінювальної головки з λ = 635 нм у безперервному режимі потужністю випромінювання 1,5 мВт із 15 хвилинною експозицією. Для зменшення площі застійної еритеми було розроблено та запатентовано спосіб фотодинамічної терапії (ФДТ) з використанням фотосенсибілізатора хлоринового ряду, який проводили за такими режимами: λ = 660 нм, середня сумарна доза енергії за одну процедуру 500–700 Дж. Ефективність проведеної терапії було встановлено за результатами контрольного оцінювання на 60-й день дослідження: клінічні прояви ВХ за шкалою GAGS серед пацієнтів ВХ + Д зменшилися на 50,1 %, серед пацієнтів групи ВХ + Д + ДЖМ – на 49,7 % порівняно з вихідним рівнем. У той самий час покращення якості життя за шкалою DLQI порівняно з вихідним рівнем відбулося на 68,0 % і 72,8 % серед пацієнтів ВХ + Д та ВХ + Д + ДЖМ відповідно (р ˂ 0,05). Під час аналізування ефективності проведення елімінаційної терапії встановлено, що кліщі роду Демодекс відсутні у 88 % пацієнтів групи ВХ + Д та у 82 % пацієнтів групи ВХ + Д + ДЖМ. Нормалізація функції жовчного міхура, що відбулася у 100 % пацієнтів групи ВХ + Д + ДЖМ (48 % ± 7,9 %), та зменшення кількості ехіноцитів в середньому до 8,89 % ± 1,36 % зі збільшенням кількості дискоцитів в середньому до 88,11 % ± 5,78 % (р˂ 0,05) підтвердили ефективність проведення курсу ВЛТ. Було обгрунтовано ефективність застосування лазерної терапії для пацієнтів з V–VI фототипами: використання довгохвильового неодимового лазера (λ = 1064 нм) для елімінації кліщів роду Демодекс та зменшення проявів запалення в групі пацієнтів із V–VI ФТ забезпечило елімінацію кліща в 70 % пацієнтів та зменшення клінічних проявів на 58,9 % (р ˂ 0,05). Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в установленні асоціації між наявністю мультиморбідності ВХ + Д + ДЖМ та погіршенням клінічного статусу, включаючи загальну площу еритеми й інтенсивність свербежу, якість життя хворих, а також в установленні асоціації коморбідних станів у пацієнтів із ВХ + Д + ДЖМ зі збільшенням патологічних форм еритроцитів. Уперше вивчено поширеність вугрової хвороби та її коморбідності з демодекозом та дискінезією жовчного міхура в когорті осіб 19–36 років із різними фототипами, а також проведено порівняльний аналіз для визначення особливостей клінічної картини в пацієнтів із різними фототипами. Уточнено ризики виникнення ураження шкіри кліщами роду Демодекс серед осіб із вугровою хворобою. Покращено діагностику демодексного ураження шкіри шляхом розроблення способу, що передбачає використання клейкої стрічки розміром 2 см х 2 см, яку накладали на попередньо оброблену 0,05 % розчином хлоргексидину біглюконату шкіру з подальшою мікроскопією та підрахунком кількості особин кліща, що підвищує точність дослідження і може бути використано як експрес-тест. Розроблено, доведено ефективність та запатентовано спосіб корекції постзапальних змін на шкірі після регресу папулопустульозних елементів із застосуванням фотосенсибілізатора хлоринового ряду, який активували дистантним лазерним випромінюванням із довжиною хвилі λ = 660 нм, середньою сумарною дозою енергії за одну процедуру 500–700 Дж. Адаптовано методику дистантного лазерного лікування ВХ та елімінаційної терапії кліщів роду Демодекс із використанням довгохвильового Nd:YAG-випромінювання λ = 1064 нм; Ø – 4, 6, 9 мм; флюенс – 35 Дж/см2; довжина імпульсу – 0,6 мс. Таким чином, у дослідженні уперше розроблено та обгрунтовано алгоритм комбінованої терапії вугрової хвороби середнього ступеня тяжкості у коморбідності з демодекозом та дискінезією жовчного міхура з урахуванням стадійності процесу та особливостей перебігу із застосуванням додатково до стандартної терапії високоінтенсивних лазерних джерел випромінювання (для зменшення ознак запалення й елімінації кліщів роду Демодекс), низькоінтенсивного лазерного випромінювання (для корекції постзапальних змін), ВЛТ (для корекції функціональних порушень жовчного міхура та нормалізації співвідношення нормальних форм еритроцитів), ФДТ (для зменшення проявів постзапальної еритеми).
The total result of the research contains a rational approach to solving the problem, which involves studying the impact of acne vulgaris (AV) and comorbid conditions (demodecosis and gallbladder dyskinesia) on the severity of the clinical course, morphology of erythrocytes (degree of poikilocytosis), quality of life combination therapy using laser therapy. The aim of the study is to improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of patients with acne in comorbidity with demodicosis and gallbladder dyskinesia using high - and low - intensity laser radiation to reduce inflammation, congestive erythema and correction of hypomotor disorders of the gallbladder. The prevalence of acne among 378 young people aged 19–36 years with different phototypes (PT) were studied, of which AV was detected in 82.7 % of II–III PT and 68.5 % of V–VI PT. In order to increase the informativeness of the diagnosis of demodex skin lesions and reduce the time of the study, an epithelial scotch test was developed and patented, which was used to establish the comorbidity of AV with demodectic mange in 305 people (268 from II–III / 37 from V–VI PT). The presence of ticks was found in 67.1 % of people with II–III and 27.02 % of people with V–VI PT. Comorbidity of acne with gallbladder dyskinesia (GBD) was studied among 268 people with II–III PT, who underwent a two-stage ultrasound study using a choleretic stimulant. Hypokinetic dysfunction was found among 44 % of subjects. To assess the risks of demodex skin lesions in people with acne, 132 people were involved: 56 without acne elements and 76 with acne elements. At the time of enrollment, no Demodex mites were found among the patients. A re-examination 12 months later revealed the presence of ticks in 3.57 % of people without AV and in 21.05 % of AV. The odds ratio (OR) was 7.2 (CI 95 %: 1.582, 32.765), which reliably confirms the impact of acne on the risk of demodicosis (p = 0.00533). 150 patients with moderate acne (40 patients with acne without comorbid pathology; 50 patients with acne in comorbidity with demodicosis (D); 50 patients with acne in comorbidity with demodecosis and gallbladder dyskinesia, 10 people with acne and demodicosis with V–VI PT and 35 people were selected to implement the objectives of the study. practically healthy people, comparable in age and sex. The influence of comorbid pathologies on the severity of the clinical picture of acne was established using the international scale Global Acne Grading System GAGS. The severity of the clinical picture in patients with acne was lower by 6.9 % than in people with acne and demodicosis, and 13.8% lower than in the group with acne, demodicosis and GBD. The association between the severity of clinical manifestations of acne and the presence of comorbidity with demodicosis and GBD was confirmed by a strong direct relationship r = +0.91 (p < 0.001). When assessing the intensity of itching on the visual analog scale VAS (Visual analogue scale) in the group with comorbidity acne with demodecosis mange was 9.3 %, and in the group AV + D + GBD – 20.9 % higher than in patients with AV (p ˂ 0.05). The area of post-inflammatory erythema calculated using the Image J program and the Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale showed a significant difference between patients with acne and study groups with comorbid conditions. The study of morphological characteristics of blood cells on the basis of data obtained by light and scanning electron microscopy, found a significant increase in the relative number of altered forms of erythrocytes to 17.8 % ± 8.94 % (p˂0.05) due to an increase in echinocytes 1 and 2 order in the presence of comorbid states, while in the control group this figure was 7.48 % ± 2.43%. The association between the presence of GBD and the level of poikilocytosis in patients with acne was confirmed by the establishment of a direct relationship of medium strength during Pearson's correlation analysis r = +0.75 (p < 0.05). The impact of acne on quality of life, determined by the DLQI questionnaire, shows a significant difference between the groups: among patients with comorbidity of acne with demodicosis and GBD the average overall score was 8.88 points compared to 5.97 in patients with acne. The association of the burden of acne with comorbid pathology and the quality of life of patients with acne was proved by calculating the correlations r = +0.71 (p <0.005). In order to improve the treatment of acne in comorbidity with demodicosis and gallbladder dyskinesia, an algorithm of combination therapy with the gradual use of topical and systemic laser therapy was developed. To reduce the manifestations of inflammation and elimination of ticks of the genus Demodex, patients underwent a course of laser procedures using a laser device with a wavelength of 1064 nm with remote treatment of the skin on the following parameters: wave length (λ) = 1064 nm; spot diameter (Ø) – 6 mm; fluence – 35 J/cm2; pulse length – 0.6 ms. Intravenous low laser therapy (LLT) using a radiation head with λ = 635 nm in a continuous mode with a radiation power of 1.5 mW with a 15-minute exposure was used to correct hypomotor dysfunction of the gallbladder. To reduce the area of post-inflammatory erythema, a course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed and patented using a chlorine-type photosensitizer, which was performed according to the following modes: λ = 660 nm, average total energy dose for one procedure 500-700 J. The effectiveness of the therapy was determined by the results of a follow-up evaluation on day 60 of the study: clinical manifestations of acne on the GAGS scale among patients with AV + D decreased by 50.1 %, among patients of the group 3 and 49.65 % of AV + D + GBD compared to baseline. At the same time, the improvement in quality of life by the DLQI scale compared to baseline occurred by 68 % and 72.8 % among patients in groups AV + D and AV + D + GBD, respectively (p ˂ 0.05). When analyzing the effectiveness of elimination therapy, it was found that ticks of the genus Demodex are absent in 88 % of patients in the group with AV + D, and in 82 % of patients in the group with AV + D + GBD. Normalization of gallbladder function in 100 % of patients of the group with AV + D + GBD (48.0 % ± 7.9 %) and a decrease in the number of echinocytes to 8.89 ± 1.36 % with an increase in the number of discocytes to 88.11 % ± 5.78 % (p˂ 0.05 ) confirmed the effectiveness of the LLT course. The use of a long-wave neodymium laser (λ = 1 064 nm) to eliminate the Demodex mites and reduce inflammation in the group of patients with V–VI phototype ensured the elimination of mites in 70 % of patients and reduced clinical manifestations by 58.9 % (p ˂ 0.05) , which proves the effectiveness and validity of the use of laser therapy for patients with V–VI phototype. The scientific novelty of the study includes an establishing of the association between the presence of multimorbidity AV + D + GBD and deterioration of clinical status, including the total area of post- inflammatory erythema and itching intensity, quality of life, and an establishing of the association of comorbid conditions in the patients with AV + D + GBD with increasing pathological forms of erythrocytes. The prevalence of acne and its comorbidity with demodicosis and gallbladder dyskinesia was studied for the first time in a cohort of 19–36 years with different phototypes. A comparative analysis was performed to determine the clinical picture in patients with different phototypes. The risks of the Demodex skin lesions have been clarified among people with acne. Improved diagnosis of demodex skin lesions was rich by developing a method involving the use of adhesive tape measuring 2 x 2 cm, which was applied to pre-treated with 0.05 % solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate skin, followed by microscopy and counting the number of mites. This method allows to increases the accuracy of the study and this method can be used as an express test. The method of correction of post-inflammatory changes in the skin after the resolution of papulopustular elements was developed and patented. This approach includes using a photosensitizer of the chlorine series, with activation by distant laser radiation λ = 660 nm, an average total dose of 500 J. For elimination therapy of the Demodex mites in AV patients the method with using long-wave Nd: YAG radiation λ =1 064 nm was applied (Ø – 4, 6, 9 mm; fluence – 35 J/cm2; pulse length – 0.6 ms). As conclusion, an algorithm for combined laser therapy of moderate acne in comorbidity with demodecosis and gallbladder dyskinesia was developed and substantiated, taking into account the stages of the process and the peculiarities of the course: high-intensity laser radiation sources (to reduce symptoms); low-intensity laser radiation (for correction of post-inflammatory changes), LLT (for correction of functional disorders of the gallbladder and normalization of the ratio of normal forms of erythrocytes); PDT (to reduce the manifestations of post-inflammatory erythema, in addition to standard therapy).

A new method of adaptive impulse control is developed to precisely and quickly control the position of machine components subject to friction. Friction dominates the forces affecting fine positioning dynamics. Friction can depend on payload, velocity, step size, path, initial position, temperature, and other variables. Control problems such as steady-state error and limit cycles often arise when applying conventional control techniques to the position control problem. Studies in the last few decades have shown that impulsive control can produce repeatable displacements as small as ten nanometers without limit cycles or steady-state error in machines subject to dry sliding friction. These displacements are achieved through the application of short duration, high intensity pulses. The relationship between pulse duration and displacement is seldom a simple function. The most dependable practical methods for control are self-tuning; they learn from online experience by adapting an internal control parameter until precise position control is achieved. To date, the best known adaptive pulse control methods adapt a single control parameter. While effective, the single parameter methods suffer from sub-optimal settling times and poor parameter convergence. To improve performance while maintaining the capacity for ultimate precision, a new control method referred to as Adaptive Impulse Control (AIC) has been developed. To better fit the nonlinear relationship between pulses and displacements, AIC adaptively tunes a set of parameters. Each parameter affects a different range of displacements. Online updates depend on the residual control error following each pulse, an estimate of pulse sensitivity, and a learning gain. After an update is calculated, it is distributed among the parameters that were used to calculate the most recent pulse. As the stored relationship converges to the actual relationship of the machine, pulses become more accurate and fewer pulses are needed to reach each desired destination. When fewer pulses are needed, settling time improves and efficiency increases. AIC is experimentally compared to conventional PID control and other adaptive pulse control methods on a rotary system with a position measurement resolution of 16000 encoder counts per revolution of the load wheel. The friction in the test system is nonlinear and irregular with a position dependent break-away torque that varies by a factor of more than 1.8 to 1. AIC is shown to improve settling times by as much as a factor of two when compared to other adaptive pulse control methods while maintaining precise control tolerances.

The Sixteen Kingdoms was a period of political disintegration in medieval China. Foreign rulers of Wu Hu (“Five Barbarian Tribes”) captured the northern China during the 3rd – 5th centuries and established independent states through continuous military actions. This thesis aims at studying the relationship between the emperors and Buddhist monks in the Northwest empires in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, including the Former Liang (320-376), the Western Qin (385-400; 409-431), the Later Liang (386-403), the Northern Liang (397-439) and the Xia (407-431), by developing a theoretical model called “Hourglass Model”. The model provides a holistic framework for investigating not only the emperors’ changing attitudes towards Buddhism but also the dissemination of the Dharma by monks. In addition, the concept of “data visualization” is implemented to re-interpret various historical sources. The complex interaction among imperial clans and Buddhist practitioners is further analyzed with computer-aided historical research methods. This thesis hopes to reveal the inspiring nature of the political religion in China’s early medieval age and expand the scope of Chinese Studies by rethinking about foreign rulers and Buddhist monks’ roles in reshaping and vitalizing the Chinese civilization. Moreover, this study develops alternative approaches to the research on the history of Chinese Buddhism, and attempts to shed new lights on theories and research methodology.
published_or_final_version
Chinese
Master
Master of Philosophy

The deregistration and dismemberment of the Builders Labourers’ Federation (BLF), which was executed by Federal and State Labor Governments, was one of the most significant events in Australian industrial relations history. The union and its general secretary, Norm Gallagher, continue to excite passionate debate whenever their names are invoked. Portrayed as the ugly face of trade unionism, Gallagher and the BLF provided national and state Labor Party reformers with a timely mechanism through which they could both assert their dominance over the Party and broaden its electoral appeal. This thesis incorporates BLF activities into the larger story of Labor Party transmutation that occurred between the 1960s and 1980s. By examining these shifts in the Labor Party through the prisms of Gallagher and the BLF, we can better understand Labor’s decision to deregister and ultimately destroy the union. The thesis argues that the trajectories taken by the BLF and the ALP were sufficiently divergent that conflict was inevitable. Drawing on a range of key sources, this thesis provides a new assessment of BLF deregistration, the schisms it opened up within both the Labor Party and Conservative interests, and the way in which destruction of a union represented a critical moment in Australian political and industrial history.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
空間設計系碩士班
95
The study takes points at the communication path of the building style of veranda, that is to realize the significant reasons which affect the forms of Taiwan and Kinmen County’s “Yang-lou” (Mansions of Chinese Diaspora) houses by probing the origin of the two places’ westernization, and continue to being the foundation of the influences and similarities and dissimilarities toward the imitative western style of Japanese architecture to the “Yang-lou” houses on Taiwan and toward the Southeast Asian style architecture to the “Yang-lou” houses on Kinmen County. Besides, it probes the similarities and dissimilarities of two places that suffer the foreign expressive technique and local regionalism which form the expressive technique of elevation architecture, through the analyses of the materials, construction technique, and the transition of the decoration lexicon. The significant difference between “Yang-lou” architecture and traditional houses is the set of the veranda space. The set of veranda is influenced by the building style of veranda. It originated from India. While Britain expand colonizing domain to Southeast Asia, the building style of veranda was built for adapt to local climate. And the mix building style of veranda can adjust with communication path and local conditions. Hence, the integrating and compromise can be seen in “Yang-lou” architecture. 1. Pass the idea of the traditional building (1) Mainly use the local building materials (the granite, Oyster’s shell plaster and red brick) and construction technology and partial use the new material (Colored Ceramic) and new technology (peddle dash and steel reinforced concrete) in the verandah. (2) Utilize the characteristics or homonymic of traditional animals and plant as a metaphor, praying for the good fortune (Fu/Jubilee), prosperity (Lu), and popular among family (many son, many grandsons). Those can be found that the style of veranda was affected by the tradition and the principle of '' esteem to center and axial symmetry '' in the composition method of decoration lexicon. 2. Influences by communication path (1) Kinmen County is a military point. In order to prevent bandits and the blowing of sea breeze, it only set single side veranda in straight elevation, with high sealing property. In the case of Taiwan’s “Yang-lou”, most of them are set multiple side verandas, more opening. Affected by the ‘parking space (parking veranda)’, most of Taiwan’s “Yang-lou” houses have beetle veranda spaces. (2) Influenced by Western elevation elements, it adopts mountain model transferred form Western building gable on the top of the veranda’s elevation. And Kinmen’s “Yang-lou” houses are relatively affected by Middle East or Indian religious architecture. In the forms of windows’ opening and closing, it can be found that the houses are influenced by Southeast Asian building, use pushing windows and persiennes. But Taiwan affected by Japanese building hardware technique, all set up and down folded windows. And the opening form is influenced by Rome and recessed windows with gable. Because of the climate factor, it makes Taiwan and Kinmen’s “Yang-lou” different on the way of construction. (3) Overseas native in Kinmen brought back the blueprint and gave it to local artificers to build the Western style building. So, it would be used more local materials (granite and oyster’s shell plaster) for its structure. Taiwan is often seen the cases for using new materials and technology (peddle dash) introduced by Japanese. (4) In the part of decoration lexicon elevation, because Kinmen is the important military point and Taiwan was colonized and influenced by Japan, the two places separately developed differ national and local identities for decoration and symbolization. Kinmen’s “Yang-lou” has low intensity in building materials and uses more and complicated ornaments. Taiwan’s “Yang-lou” presents the abundant visual effect through changing materials, and its ornament are tending to simplify.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
空間設計系碩士班
90
Abstract The style of Kimen Yang-Lou is influenced by two cultures: firstly, the foreign culture and secondly, local culture of Kinmen. Through craftman’s innovation, these two cultures are combined and resulted in “South-Pacific style” and “Min-Nan style”. These two styles are the most characteristic among the all architectures and also the symbol of wealth. This thesis, therefore, focuses on the elevatory form of Yang-Lou and the inherent meanings of exterior decorations. The methodology of this thesis is mainly on practical investigation. Through three-time photographing, interviewing, surveying and drawing, seventy-six Yang-Lous are determined to be included in this research. The data is established for examining the development of Yang-Lou from its fundamental and local connections. The research purpose is to penetrate into the inherent meanings of the exterior decorations and the elevatory form of Yang-Lou in a view of historical development and cultural influences. By this foundation, the results have been concluded in three perspectives. A. The construction of elevatory form of Yang-Lou 1. The constructional techniques of Yang-Lou is reinforced concrete, which different from the tradition techniques. 2. a. The elevatory forms of Five-Foot Way include: arc-arched type, flat-beam type, combinational type, irregular type. b. Chu-Qui has two types — hexagon and tetragon. c. Sanouso has hexagon, tetragon and irregular type. 3. a. The constructional system is as follows: Five-Foot Way is single element, multiple combinations. Chu-Qui and Sanouso are multiple elements but single combination. b. The decorating system emphasizes on central axis. The order depends on priority and parallels to each other. B. The characteristics and development of the forms 1. The development of Five-Foot Way and Chu-Qui show a cyclic pattern, whereas Sanouso is in linear development. 2. The development of elevatory form contains three periods: the prevail period of veranda, the period of localization, and the period of new elevatory form. 3. The development has six characteristics: formalization of elevatory form, four-step transmissions, westernization of suburban, decrease of veranda, discontinuation of sigle type, increase of local style. C. The influenced elements of elevatory-form development 1. The materials and constructional techniques are changed. 2. The participation of the local culture is adopted. a. The environment does not allowed frequent use of veranda. b. The need of living space has been changed. c. The influence of traditional concept of fortune is adopted. d. The architectural style is influenced by the resemblance of family community. 3. The impact derived from western cultural value.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
光電與通訊研究所
98
Due to the nature of the unscreened electronic configuration, the transitional-metal-doped YAG can be used as the gain medium of lasers for broadband application. Ti3+: sapphire lasers have been widely used as tunable and mode-locked laser in the 700-1000 nm wavelength range. However the progress for the application of optical communication in the 1200-1600 nm wavelength range has been hindered by the problem of heat dissipation and low concentration of Cr4+ ion in tetrahedral position. In the thesis, we report continuous-wave Cr4+:YAG fiber lasers with a double-clad crystal structure grown by the co-drawing laser-heated pedestal growth method. The lasers operated in the room temperature have a slope efficiency of 18.1% and a threshold of 62.6 mW. Under the temperature of 13℃, the lasers have a better performance with a slope efficiency of 20.1% and a threshold of 62.6 mW. The lasing threshold of the lasers is an order of magnitude lower than the previous reported Cr4+:YAG fiber lasers. In this work, two different alloys, Cu-Al and silver gel, are used separately in laser packaging. The lasers with Cu-Al package show an output character of double-slope efficiency due to high strain built introduced by the package, while the lasers with silver gel package demonstrate ordinary output characteristics of single-slope efficiency. Temperature-dependent study shows that the Cr4+:YAG in the double-clad structure has much higher gain-bandwidth product than the crystal in bulk form. The high slope efficiency and low threshold characters of the Cr4+:YAG fiber laser with a double-clad structure have a potential use as tunable broadband lasers in the1200-1600 nm wavelength range. Further, the near-field and far-field characteristics of the lasers are obtained by a highly spatial resolved near-field scanning optical microscope. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical results. The output of this multimode Cr4+:YAG double-clad fiber lasers have nearly perfect Gaussian beam character with a beam quality factor M2 of about 1.1. The near-field characteristics offer a useful guideline for further fabricating broadband tunable lasers and mode-locked lasers in all-optical communication systems. Finally, some simulations of the laser output power have been developed to predict the experimental results.

博士
國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
88
As a special building type, the cultural meaning of “Yang-lou” represents the social change Fujian and Guangdong underwent from 1840s-1960s. The emergence of Yang-lou helps understand the lives of Chinese Diaspora. Western colonialism held a firm grip of Southeast Asia and China in the 19th century. The demand for labor enticed waves of migration to Southeast Asia from Fujian and Guangdong. Overseas remittance sent back to native places contributed to the construction of Western style houses. In the meantime, family structure started to change. Overseas Chinese identity shifted from identification with family to that with a nation. At the same time, under the ideologies of economic nationalism and cultural nationalism, the new rising merchant-gentry moved on social mobility through investment and education to ensure their autonomy in the political arena. In China, the West colonial apparatus changed the landscape and social life of traditional Chinese cities. Social hierarchy reflected in urban planning and in architecture directly. Sanitary management aspired local gentry to apply Western sanitation to traditional Chinese dwelling. They learned from colonial modernity to improve Chinese cities and rural areas. Yang-lou is a “heterotopia” by combination and transformation of Chinese traditional spatial organization, with colonial veranda and Western decorative pediment in houses. It shows these Chinese Diaspora’s family honor, new identity and cultural imagery. Yang-lou was rare before 1870s, although migrations increased after 1840s. We also saw the cases that the main buildings or part of traditional housing transformed into Yang-lou between the 1870s and 1890s. Toward the end of the 1890s, many new Chinese Diaspora’s communities and housing were built with profits from investment. And then, many vernacular buildings added defense facilities between the 1910s and 1930s which was the high tide of overseas remittance and the Yang-lou period. After World War II, the original communal identity and remittance of overseas Chinese declined gradually, the number of Yang-lou also decreased. The Yang-lou period technically ended during Mao’s Cultural Revolution. There are many types of Yang-lou, according to different identities and localities. In concession of Amoy and Guangzhou, Chinese merchants transplanted the colonial architecture to build their mansion. In Chaozhou and southern Fujian, traditional houses were added with Western facade, called “Hauan-a-tsu”. The defense building appeared in the higher area of or outside of the settlement. There were many “Diau-lou” that combined dwelling and defense function common in Guangfu area, and its form was similar to Western castles, and the forms of the roof varied. “Lu-jiu” was a building type in the area of Gouangfu and Meishian that maintained the local traits but adding the veranda or the Western decoration. The most popular type was the “Five-foot Way”. It originated from the regulation of shop house in the colonial cities of English Strait Settlement in the 19th century, and brought to Southeast China by overseas Chinese. They transformed the “Five-foot Way” to the veranda of housing, and used the same name. The new “Five-foot way” also displaced the courtyard of a traditional building. Yang-lou as a heterotopia challenged the tradition, so this “other” must be located at a distance to traditional power center, such as ancestral halls. But there was a few cases that ancestral halls actually adopted the cultural form of Yang-lou. The maintenance or challenge of traditional spatial system of organization and cultural form was the process of cultural change of folk society in modern period. The movement of enlightenment and social education also occurred in the same time, and many schools and libraries were built in the urban and rural areas. The most important person was Jia-geng Chen. Chen was a nationalist and he wanted to make China more prosperous and powerful by education. He built the Gimei schools village and the University of Amoy. The architectures of the campus combined the local roof with the veranda’s wall, and represented the ideology of nationalism. In the beginnings of the 1920s, Chen’s was the first Chinese man working on the issue of the national form. Until 1950s, “the national form, the Socialism content” ideology pushed the “Jia-geng style” to another high tide. The building of the Museum of Overseas Chinese was the final typical work of Chen. “Yang-lou” is hybridism, not only challenged Chinese cultural tradition, but also transferred the symbolic presentation of Western colonial architecture. Its cultural meanings represent the hybridity of Chinese Diaspora’s identity, and shape a new building type and a cultural form of space in local societies.

Hadron structure is not fully understood yet. While the spin-averaged Parton Dis- tribution Functions (PDFs) and the helicity-dependent PDFs are well determined, little is known about the transverzity and some other transverse-momentum de- pendent PDFs (TMDs). The COMPASS experiment at CERN is preparing for studying the TMDs using a Drell-Yan process on transversely polarized target hit by pion beam in 2014-2015. An outline of the parton model of hadrons and of the TMDs is given. The COMPASS spectrometer is described, with emphasis on the modifications for the Drell-Yan program, and its capabilities to measure the TMDs is briefly discussed. A special attention is paid to the polarized target. The dilution refrigerator, the DNP system for polarizing the nuclei and the NMR for polarization measurement are described. The new monitoring system of the refrigerator is described, including the author's contribution to it. Issues of the new NMR coils design are discussed. 1

碩士
國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
100
Using low-temperature (650℃) Ce3+:YAG doped glass (LTCeYDG) phosphor layer instead of conventional Ce:YAG doped silicone phosphor layer applied to high-power phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes (PC-WLEDs) is demonstrated.The glass transition temperature (Tg) of silicone is 150℃ but glass is 750℃,it shows the glass were employed in high power LED than silicon. The uniformity of phosphor powder doped glass is an important item to discriminates between good and bad. Quantize the uniformity of glass phosphor by image processing software and Distribution Uniformity (Du). Calculate the uniformity of phosphor powder mix with glass powder which has different particle size and measurement optical properties of glass phosphor which has different uniformity. The Du of glass phosphor are 64.46%, 84.65%, 85.24% , 91.85% and the quantum efficiency are 18.49%, 28.31%, 29.73%, 28.56% ,respectively. By using Ceramic tube and low temperature glass powder sintering glass phosphor is a new fabrication. Compare with last fabrication, new fabrication reduce 100℃fabrication temperature from 750℃ to 650℃, 70% material savings and high luminous efficiency. The quantum efficiency and lumen per watt were improved about 7 percentage point from 22.3% to 29.1% and 4.2 lm/W from 36.4 lm/W to 40.68 lm/W. We used the XRD to analyze the glass phosphor of last fabrication and new fabrication and the results show that the higher thermal stress destroys the structure of YAG, lower fabrication temperature used to get higher luminous efficiency.

碩士
元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
94
In this study, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) was synthesized by spray pyrolysis in low-pressure flat flame. The techniques follow a liquid-to-particle formation process in the gas phase, with a low-pressure flat flame as the major heat source. One of the major focuses of this study was to investigate the formation mechanism for the flame-derived particle morphology. Hence, single oxides such as alumina (Al2O3) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) were also prepared using corresponding nitrate precursors. Also, an investigation on whether post-annealing was necessary for achieving the required crystal phase was also conducted. In addition, the synthesis of metal-metal oxide composite particles and porosity-controlled metal oxide particles were also attempted. The combustion conditions used in this experiment are excess methane and the operating pressure was ~50 torr. The characteristics of the flame-derived powders were analyzed using SEM, FE-SEM and TEM. The results showed that most particles are with sizes in the submicrometer to nanometer size range. The majority of the particles were spherical except yttrium oxide. Also shown are XRD and EDX results with which the crystal phase and size, elemental composition, and atomic ratios.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程系
101
Energy saving and carbon reduction were two crucial issues in the globe. Among the sea environment, the carbon emission from the shippings had become the main polluter. Although low speed shipping voyage can efficientively reduce the fuel consumption and save fuel cost, it may cause some problems once the engine maintains a long-satnding low speed operation and these problems are: insufficient engine expulsion, low buring efficiency, heating damage of main components, retrenched standard maintainance schedule. As mentioned above, this study will use problem-solving QC story in an attempt to boost the engine efficiency when the shipping is operated under long-standing low speed. In this study, a panel named “Energy Saving Mission Promotion Squad” was built for the project implementation. The project came from a famous marine corporation in Taiwan – Yang Ming Transport Corp. The implementation result showed that the problem-soving QC story can efficiently improve the flaws of the problems when shpings with long-standing low speed.

The biggest scientific experiment in history will begin taking data in late 2009 using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The LHC is designed to collide protons at an unprecedented 14 TeV centre of mass energy, enabling physicists to explore the constituents of matter at smaller scales than ever before. The Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) are parametrizations of the proton structure and are best determined from experimental data. The PDFs are needed to calculate cross-sections or in other words the likelihood of observed physical processes, which are crucial in exploiting the discovery potential of the LHC. The prospects for measuring the Drell-Yan (DY) spectrum are assessed in the low invariant mass region below the Z boson resonance using e+e− pairs from the initial LHC data in order to probe the proton structure and further constrain the PDFs. The analysis is based on the full simulation of the ATLAS detector response to DY electrons and background processes. Assuming 100 pb−1 of LHC data, the total DY crosssection in the invariant mass range from 10 GeV to 60 GeV is expected to be measured as DY = 5.90±0.24(stat)±0.18(syst) nb. The result predicts an improvement over a current theoretical uncertainty of 7.6% and indicates that the PDF uncertainties can be reduced significantly with the early LHC data.

碩士
國立成功大學
中國文學系碩博士班
94
From Chinese Ming Qing dynasty to now， " Jin Ping Mei " and " Hong Lou Meng " are the famous China human sympathy（ren qing） novels .No matter the study of one of the books or the comparative studies of the two books，Modern scholars continuously make studies. However， comparatively， it is lack of the comparative researches of the two classical fiction commentaries. In the paper， its content mainly use the words of Zhang Zhu-Po criticized " Jin Ping Mei " and Zhi Yan-Zhai criticized " Hong Lou Meng " as the research materials， chapter 1 is a preface and chapter 8 is a conclusion，its major contents is chapter 2 to chapter 7. In chapter 2，First，it introduces that the authors and the motives of writing the book and criticized theories of the two criticized books. Further，comparing through the description of the characters and the commentaries in the two criticized books，to contrast the criticized theories of the two critics, in the same time, the motives of criticizing is compared as well，the book writers' points of view and the criticized theories and the ideas, in order to know what similarities or difference they are，on the strength of such a comparison，to establish the inheritance and originality of the criticized theories of the two human sympathy novels in Ming Qing dynasty. Chapter 3，4，5 is the comparisons of the novels' structure theories，language theories and character theories in the two criticized books，to point out the same and the difference of the criticized subject matters，including the two critics' particular methods and words of criticizing. Chapter 3 is the comparison of the novel structure in accordance of the two books critics' analysis. Chapter 4 is base on the language theory，the critics referred to the common of the human sympathy（ren qing） novels' language，moreover，individual distinctive features. In Chapter 5，it sorts the character theories of the two critics'， therefore，brings out the view and the evaluation of the novel's characters of the critics in chapter 6，7. Chapter 6，7 is base on the motif analysis of chapter 3，4，5，to find out the two critics how to describe and estimate the male and female characters of the two books. The two chapters divide the criticism of male and female in the novel " Jin Ping Mei " and " Hong Lou Meng " into three levels，major character，minor character，foil. And then keep analyzing from two aspects of the appearance of the writer set up and the viewpoints of the critic criticize，through comparing，it is clear that the same and the difference to the character image between the writer and the critic.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
光電科學研究所
97
According to the last research report we find out that it could be the lowest propagation loss and appears hexagonal structure on core for double-clad Cr:YAG crystal fiber when annealing temperature at 980.℃ In this thesis, we would want to find out the best parameter based on non-annealing and keep the temperature at 980℃ from 1 to 4 hours. The result of this experiment, we could infer that when keeping the temperature at 980 ℃for three hours, we could get the lowest propagation loss and Cr4+ fluorescence efficiency. Then Cr3+ surface fluorescence intensity would be saturated when keeping the temperature at 980℃ for one hour. To get much more understanding of the structure changing of under low-temperature. We tried to measure Raman spectra of three layers of double-clad Cr:YAG crystal fiber at 297K-93K temperature region. We find that the core(Cr:YAG) and inner-clading(Cr:YAG+SiO2) of double-clading Cr:YAG crystal fiber have probably phase changed at 253K and 213K respectively. Because of the high wave number Eg、Ag、T2g vibration mode of core and two broad peak of inner have peak integral variation branch follow temperature decrease.