Journal articles on the topic 'Loy Yang Power'
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1
Pedler, I. V., and P. Schneider. "Prediction and observation of settlements of Loy Yang A power station." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 22, no. 6 (December 1985): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(85)90234-7.
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Young, B. C., and I. W. Smith. "The combustion of Loy Yang brown coal char." Combustion and Flame 76, no. 1 (April 1989): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90074-6.
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Hulston, Janine, George Favas, and Alan L. Chaffee. "Physico-chemical properties of Loy Yang lignite dewatered by mechanical thermal expression." Fuel 84, no. 14-15 (October 2005): 1940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.03.024.
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Butler, C. J., A. M. Green, and A. L. Chaffee. "MTE water remediation using Loy Yang brown coal as a filter bed adsorbent." Fuel 87, no. 6 (May 2008): 894–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.032.
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Bui, Mai, Indra Gunawan, Vincent Verheyen, Paul Feron, and Erik Meuleman. "Flexible operation of CSIRO's post-combustion CO2 capture pilot plant at the AGL Loy Yang power station." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 48 (May 2016): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.12.016.
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Zeng, Cai, George Favas, Hongwei Wu, Alan L. Chaffee, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, and Chun-Zhu Li. "Effects of Pretreatment in Steam on the Pyrolysis Behavior of Loy Yang Brown Coal." Energy & Fuels 20, no. 1 (January 2006): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0502406.
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Keddie, Tom. "Wind power in Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14020.
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In terms of generation capacity, Victoria has about 12,500 MW, out of a National Electricity Market (NEM) total of over 46,000 MW. A bit over half of Victoria’s capacity is made up of the brown coal generators in the Latrobe Valley (Loy Yang, Hazelwood, Yallourn). Gas-fired generation (mainly large open-cycle peaking plants, designed to operate only in times of high demand) and hydro plants (mainly parts of the Snowy scheme) add about 20% each, with wind currently making up the balance of around 9% of installed capacity in Victoria. In terms of wind farm location across the NEM, installed capacity is predominantly located in Victoria and South Australia, and to a lesser extent in Tasmania, with very small amounts in New South Wales and Queensland. This distribution is almost entirely due to the quality of the wind resource across the country.
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Artanto, Yuli, James Jansen, Pauline Pearson, Thong Do, Aaron Cottrell, Erik Meuleman, and Paul Feron. "Performance of MEA and amine-blends in the CSIRO PCC pilot plant at Loy Yang Power in Australia." Fuel 101 (November 2012): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.02.023.
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Wu, Hongwei, Xiaojiang Li, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Tadatoshi Chiba, and Chun-Zhu Li. "Effects of volatile–char interactions on the reactivity of chars from NaCl-loaded Loy Yang brown coal." Fuel 84, no. 10 (July 2005): 1221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.037.
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Dodds, D., and J. Naser. "Numerical study of the erosion within the pulverised-fuel mill-duct system of the Loy Yang B lignite fuelled power station." Powder Technology 217 (February 2012): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.10.028.
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Sonoyama, Nozomu, Kazunari Nobuta, Tokuji Kimura, Sou Hosokai, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Teruoki Tago, and Takao Masuda. "Production of chemicals by cracking pyrolytic tar from Loy Yang coal over iron oxide catalysts in a steam atmosphere." Fuel Processing Technology 92, no. 4 (April 2011): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.036.
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Al-Abbas, Audai Hussein, Jamal Naser, and David Dodds. "CFD modelling of air-fired and oxy-fuel combustion in a large-scale furnace at Loy Yang A brown coal power station." Fuel 102 (December 2012): 646–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.028.
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Dodds, D., J. Naser, J. Staples, C. Black, L. Marshall, and V. Nightingale. "Experimental and numerical study of the pulverised-fuel distribution in the mill-duct system of the Loy Yang B lignite fuelled power station." Powder Technology 207, no. 1-3 (February 2011): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.11.007.
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Li, Tingting, Lei Zhang, Li Dong, Shu Zhang, Penghua Qiu, Shuai Wang, and Chun-Zhu Li. "Effects of gasification temperature and atmosphere on char structural evolution and AAEM retention during the gasification of Loy Yang brown coal." Fuel Processing Technology 159 (May 2017): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.022.
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Li, Tingting, Lei Zhang, Li Dong, Penghua Qiu, Shuai Wang, Shengjuan Jiang, and Chun-Zhu Li. "Changes in char structure during the low-temperature pyrolysis in N2 and subsequent gasification in air of Loy Yang brown coal char." Fuel 212 (January 2018): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.026.
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Larcher, Alfons V., and Shiro Kajitani. "A Study of the Hydrogen Exchange Reactions Occurring during Loy Yang Lignite Pyrolysis Using Deuterium-Labeled Water and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis." Energy & Fuels 25, no. 7 (July 21, 2011): 3029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef200204b.
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Rahayu, Helen Umi Mega, and Dhias Fajar Widya Permana. "Hubungan kekuatan otot tungkai dan kekuatan otot lengan pada kemampuan power lay up." Sriwijaya Journal of Sport 1, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55379/sjs.v1i3.360.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1, Mengetahui hubungan antara otot tungkai dengan kemampuan teknik power lay-up pada pemain Bola Basket Putri SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara 2, Mengetahui hubungan antara otot lengan dengan kemampuan teknik power lay-up pada pemain Bola Basket Putri SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara,3, Mengetahui hubungan antara otot tungkai dan otot lengan dengan kemampuan teknik power lay-up pada pemain Bola Basket Putri SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang memiliki satu variabel terikat yaitu power lay-up dan dua variable bebas otot tungkai dan otot lengan, sampel yang digunakan adalah pemain bola basket putri SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara yang berjumlah 15 anak ,instrument yang digunakan adalah back and leg dynamometer dan pull and push dynamometer. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot tungkai dengan kemampuan power lay-up pada pemain putri Bola Basket SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara dalam kategori “sangat kurang”, Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan dengan kemampuan power lay-up pada pemain putri bola basket SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara dalam kategori “sangat kurang” dan Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot tungkai dan otot lengan dengan kemampuan power lay-up pada pemain putri Bola Basket SMK Tamansiswa Banjarnegara dalam kategori “sangat kurang”.
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Khofipah, Siti, and Sabri Sabri. "Pengaruh Latihan Beban Dengan Alat Gerekan Dalam Meningkatkan Power Tangan Pukulan Lob Bulutangkis." Ibtida’i : Jurnal Kependidikan Dasar 5, no. 02 (December 18, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/ibtidai.v5i02.1210.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan beban dengan alat gerekan dalam meningkatkan power tangan pukulan lob bulutangkis di SD Negeri II Sindangsari yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler bulutangkis. oleh karena itu dengan menggunakan metode latihan beban dengan alat gerekan tersebut dapat meningkatkan power tangan yang kuat dan keras sehingga akan menghasilkan pukulan lob dengan lambungan tinggi dan jauh dengan melewati net dan garis luar dalam lapangan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh dalam meningkatkan power tangan pukulan lob bulutangkis sehingga pukulan keras dan maksimal untuk melambung tinggi. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi hitung pada uji t kelompok pretest dan posttest sebesar 5.421dengan sig. 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 (Sig< 0,05). Oleh karena itu dapat dinyatakan bahwa latihan beban dengan alat gerekan dapat meningkatkan power tangan yang kuat dan maksimal sehingga mencapai pukulan lob dalam permainan bulutangkis.
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Hamid, Assyifa Lala Pratiwi, Sri Subanti, and Yuliana Susanti. "Analisis Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Waktu Survival Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis menggunakan Uji Asumsi Proportional Hazard." Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v5i1.48121.
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<p align="justify">Chronic kidney disease is a disease whose risk of death is always increasing. This disease was ranked as the 13th leading cause of death in Indonesia in 2017. One of the successful managements of chronic kidney disease can be seen from the possibility of survival of patients with chronic kidney disease. To identify the probability of survival of an object, survival analysis is used. One method of survival analysis that can be used to determine the survival time of patients with chronic kidney disease is Cox regression. Cox regression must satisfy the proportional hazard assumption, where the ratio of the two hazard values must be constant with time. The graphical method, namely the log-log graph, can be used to test the proportional hazard assumption, but the results are only used as a provisional estimate. In this study, the goodness of fit test was used to test the assumptions by calculating the correlation between the Schoenfeld residuals and the survival time rank. In conclusion, the variables of hypertension and haemodialysis frequency meet the proportional hazard assumption.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords: </strong>chronic kidney disease; Cox regression; goodness of fit; log-log graph; proportional hazard assumption</p>
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Sahib, Juniawati, NFN Miskiyah, and Ayu Kusuma. "PENAMBAHAN ENKAPSULAN DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN YOGHURT POWDER PROBIOTIK DENGAN METODE SPRAY DRYING." Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 16, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v16n2.2019.56-63.
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<p><em>Yoghurt</em> merupakan salah satu produk olahan susu yang memiliki umur simpan yang relatif singkat yaitu 2-3 minggu pada suhu dingin. Kondisi penyimpanan <em>yoghurt</em> pada suhu dingin membatasi distribusi <em>yoghurt</em>. Pengolahan <em>yoghurt powder</em> merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kualitas <em>yoghurt</em> selama proses distribusi dan penyimpanan. Pengeringan <em>yoghurt</em> menggunakan metode spray drying dengan teknik enkapsulasi mampu menghasilkan <em>yoghurt powder</em> dengan karakteristik kimia dan mikrobiologi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bahan pengkapsul terbaik yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan <em>yoghurt powder</em> susu sapi dan susu kambing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu skim merupakan bahan enkapsulan yang paling baik dalam pembuatan <em>yoghurt powder</em> susu sapi dan susu kambing karena menghasilkan nilai gizi yang lebih tinggi dan dapat mempertahankan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat selama proses pengeringan. Nilai gizi <em>yoghurt powder</em> susu sapi kadar protein 24,25 %, kadar lemak 5,74% dan calcium 8,22 ppm. Nilai gizi <em>yoghurt</em> susu kambing kadar protein 26,89 %, kadar lemak 8,21 % dan calcium 9,60 ppm. Penurunan total viabilitas bakteri asam laktat <em>yoghurt powder</em> dengan bahan enkapsulan susu skim lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan gum arab dan maltodekstrin. <em>Yoghurt powder</em> susu sapi mengandung total BAL sebesar 12,23 log CFU/g atau turun sekitar 4,01 log sedangkan <em>yoghurt powder</em> susu kambing mengandung total BAL 12,54 log CFU/g atau turun 4,5 log.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Encapsulation in yogurt powder processing with spray drying menthod</strong></p><p>Yogurt is one of dairy products with relatively short shelf life, 2-3 weeks in cold temperatures. Conditions for storing yogurt in cold temperatures limit the distribution of yogurt. Processing of yogurt powder is an alternative way to maintain the quality of yogurt during distribution and storage. Drying yoghurt using spray drying method with encapsulation technique is able to produce yogurt powder with good chemical and microbiological characterics. This study aims to determine the best encapsulating material that can be used in making cow milk yogurt powder and goat milk yogurt powder. The experiment was set up in compeletely randomized design with basic materials (cow milk and goat milk) and encapsulant (maltodextrin, arabic gum and skim) as treatments and repeated three times. The results showed that skim was the best encapsulant in making cow milk and goat milk yogurt powder because it produced higher nutritional value and could maintain the viability of lactic acid bacteria during the drying process. Nutritional value of cow milk yogurt are protein content 24.25%, fat content 5.74% and calcium 8.22 ppm. Nutritional value of goat milk yogurt are protein content 26.89%, fat content 8.21% and calcium 9.60 ppm. Decrease in total viability of lactic acid bacteria yogurt powder with skim lower than arab gum and meltodextrin. Cow milk yogurt powder contains total lactic acid bacteria 12.54 log CFU/g go or decrease 4.5 log.</p>
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Sumardiyanto, Didit, and Aldi Januar. "PENENTUAN NILAI EFEKTIVITAS KONDENSOR DI PLTGU BLOK 1-2 PT. INDONESIA POWER UPJP PRIOK." JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 5, no. 2 (September 6, 2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v5i2.4185.
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Kondensor merupakan salah satu komponen utama pada sistem yang bekerja mengubah uap menjadi air dan digunakan kembali. Kinerja dari suatu kondensor dapat dipengaruhi oleh laju perpindahan panas, tekanan vakum dan efektivitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai efektivitas dan variabel yang mempengaruhi kinerja kondensor di PLTGU PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Priok. Metode penentuan nilai efektivitas menggunakan metode log mean temperature different (LMTD) dan number of transfer unit - effectiveness (NTU - ε). Pada hasil penelitian, perhitungan nilai efektivitas pada kondensor pertama sebesar 83,28%, kondensor kedua sebesar 84,15% dan kondensor rata-rata sebesar 83,72%. Variabel yang mempengaruhi adalah kapasitas rasio sebesar 0,01183, laju perpindahan kalor panas sebesar 2.046,9932 kW, LMTD sebesar 7,6416⁰C, jumlah satuan perpindahan sebesar 0,7996, dan tekanan vakum sebesar 0,04395. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondensor yang ada PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Priok masih mempunyai performa yang baik.Kata kunci : kondensor, LMTD, efektivitas NTU
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Widya Prasetya, Henry, Dadang Sanjaya Atmaja, and Dimas Adi Perwira. "MATERIAL KOMPOSIT LAMINASI SERAT KARBON-NYLON DENGAN ADDITIVE ALUMINUM POWDER UNTUK BODY LORI." Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat 13, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55511/jpsttd.v13i2.640.
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Dalam proses perawatan prasarana perkeretaapian, dibutuhkan alat transportasi yang mampu mempercepat proses perawatan, efisiensi waktu, dan proses yang mudah dalam pengoperasian. Lori inspeksi merupakan alat transportasi yang sesuai untuk proses perawatan prasarana perkeretaapian. Lori inspeksi adalah kendaraan angkut dengan atau tanpa penggerak sendiri yang dapat diangkat dari rel di jalan bebas oleh tenaga yang ada pada kendaraan tersebut dalam waktu tidak lebih dari 2 menit. Lori inspeksi elektrik PPI Madiun masih memiliki beban total diatas 100 kg. Beban yang berat akan mengurangi nilai efektifitas penggunaan lori dan membahayakan operator, sehingga dibutuhkan beberapa inovasi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Pertama dengan material pembentuk bodi lori, dibutuhkan material yang kuat dan ringan. Komposit adalah material alternatif yang dikembangkan sebagai pengganti material tradisional sejak dua puluh tahun terakhir. Komposit untuk bodi lori ini menggunakan epoxy resin sebagai matriks pengikat, serat karbon-serat nilon dan aluminium powder sebagai filler yang disusun dengan tingkat variasi laminasi. Pembuatan komposit dengan metode hand lay-up. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susunan laminasi antar serat didalam penyusun penguat material komposit dengan metode hand lay up akan mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik. Kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 17.82 MPa, pada spesimen 1A yang susunan seratnya dengan laminasi CNCNCN serat karbon, serat nilon, serat karbon, serat nilon, serat karbon, dan serat nilon. Kekuatan tarik terendah sebesar 13 MPa, pada spesimen A3 yang susunan seratnya dengan laminasi NNCCNN serat nilon, serat nilon, serat karbon, serat karbon, serat nilon, dan serat nilon.
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MELIALA, DIAN IKA PERBINA. "PENETAPAN KADAR KAFEIN PADA BUBUK TEH HITAM YANG BEREDAR DI PASAR DELI TUA MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v3i1.313.
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Tea is a drink that is very familiar in the world and is very common in everyday life. Tea is also the most consumed and favored beverage by the public after water. Besides being beneficial, tea also contains compounds that have a negative impact on the body, namely caffeine compounds. Caffeine is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine group which plays a role in increasing the work of psychomotor in the body, and side effects that can be caused are anxiety, irregular heartbeat, difficulty sleeping, tremors, diuresis and others. The purpose of this study was to determine the caffeine content in black tea powder circulating in the Old Deli market. This type of research is descriptive with a purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is qualitative with murexide and quantitative ultraviolet spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 267nm. The results of a qualitative analysis of all positive samples contained caffeine. The average quantitative yield of caffeine in brand A black tea powder was (4,82 ±0,0356)%, B brand black tea powder (4,89 ± 0,0173)% and C brand black tea powder (4,93 ± 0,0531)%. The validation test results obtained linearity r = 0,9984, LOD and LOQ is 0,8074 mcg/ml and 2,6914 mcg/ml ,% recovery = 100,07%, RSD = 0,33%. Based on the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that ultraviolet spectrophotometry can be used to determine caffeine levels in black tea powder.
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Nugroho, Hadhi, and Agus Sufyan. "PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT KERAS ELEKTRONIK LOG BOOK PENANGKAPAN IKAN BERBASIS LAYAR SENTUH." Jurnal Kelautan Nasional 9, no. 2 (July 28, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v9i2.6206.
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Pusat Pengkajian dan Perekayasaan Teknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan (P3TKP) sejak 2011 telah mengembangkan teknologi elektronik log book penangkapan ikan, yaitu perangkat keras yang memiliki fungsi input data tangkapan ikan secara elektronik dan dilengkapi dengan fungsi rekam jejak kapal. Pada 2011 telah dikembangkan perangkat keras elektronik log book berbasis keypad. Namun, alat ini memiliki beberapa kelemahan, yaitu semua data harus dimasukkan ke dalam alat dengan menggunakan kode angka, ukuran displai LCD kecil, serta ukuran alat yang relatif besar. Untuk itu, pada 2012 dikembangkan perangkat keras elektronik log book berbasis layar sentuh. Kemudian pada 2013 dilakukan penyempurnaan dan pengembangan perangkat keras elektronik log book berupa perubahan ukuran layar sentuh menjadi lebih besar, penambahan power bank sebagai baterai cadangan untuk suplai tenaga listrik alat, penggunaan antena GSM internal, serta proses pengunduhan data dari alat ke dalam komputer. Dari proses perancangan perangkat keras, telah dihasilkan prototipe perangkat keras elektronik log book. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dalam perancangan perangkat keras. Pengujian tersebut terdiri dari pengujian ARM dan LCD layar sentuh, pengujian pengiriman data, pengujian daya tahan baterai, serta pengujian di lapangan (di atas kapal nelayan). Hasil pengujian tersebut di antaranya adalah data tangkapan ikan dan data rekam jejak kapal secara otomatis dapat dilihat di situs web, daya tahan baterai selama 13 jam, serta data hasil inputan yang dapat diunduh secara manual. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil bahwa perangkat keras yang dibuat telah berhasil bekerja dengan baik. Pengembangan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kemudahan kepada nelayan dalam menggunakan elektronik log book sehingga diharapkan dapat menggantikan penggunaan log book secara manual dengan kertas.
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Cristanto, Sendy. "Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Kepatuhan Pada Anggota Pramuka." Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v8i3.5357.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empirik ada atau tidaknya Hubungan Motivasi dengan Kepatuhan Pada Anggota Pramuka Kwartir Ranting Loa Janan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 80 orang anggota Pramuka yang aktif yang dipilih menggunakan teknik probability sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala motivasi dan skala kepatuhan. Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji statistik korelasi product moments. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan motivasi dengan kepatuhan yaitu dengan nilai r hitung > r tabel (0.227 > 0.220), dan nilai sig. 0.046 < 0.050. Pada hasil penelitian korelasi partial didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan pada aspek variable power (X3) terhadap aspek variabel belief (Y1) dengan nilai r hitung > r tabel (0.393 > 0.220), dan nilai P = 0.000. Kemudian pada aspek variable power (X3) dan hyegiene (X5) terhadap aspek variabel accept (Y2) dengan nilai r hitung > r tabel (0.339 > 0.220), dan nilai P = 0.002 dan nilai r hitung > r tabel (-0.326 > 0.220), dan nilai P = 0.003. Lalu pada aspek variable power (X3) terhadap aspek variabel act (Y3) dengan nilai r hitung > r tabel (0.327 > 0.220), dan nilai P = 0.003.
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Santoso, Kabul, Indera Sakti Nasution, and Dewi Sri Jayanti. "Sistem Informasi Geografis Berbasis Web untuk Pemetaan Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) di DAS Krueng Aceh Bagian Hulu." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i4.12636.
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Abstrak. Analisis curah hujan dan analisis peta kelerengan, jenis tanah dan tataguna lahan diperlukan untuk mengetahui besarnya debit rencana dengan menggunakan Metode Rasional yang dapat mempengaruhi besarnya potensi daya pada setiap sub-sub DAS Krueng Aceh bagian hulu. Curah hujan perlu dihitung dengan parameter statistik untuk menentukan distribusi yang dapat digunakan sehingga dapat diperoleh curah hujan rencana. Overlay peta kelerengan, jenis tanah, dan tataguna lahan untuk memperoleh nilai koefisien limpasan (C). Penelitian ini menggunakan data curah hujan 10 tahun periode 2009-2018, serta data spasial tahun 2016. Besarnya nilai curah hujan rencana yang diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan distribusi yang memenuhi syarat pada kawasan penelitian yaitu Distribusi Log Pearson III pada periode ulang tertentu diperoleh curah hujan rencana yang nilainya semakin besar seiring dengan semakin besarnya periode ulang. Debit rencana yang diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan Metode Rasional pada periode ulang tertentu diperoleh nilai debit yang bervariasi, semakin lama periode ulang yang digunakan maka semakin semakin besar debit maksimum yang diperoleh. Potensi Daya yang dihasilkan dari hasil perhitungan secara teoritis pada periode ulang tertentu diperoleh niai daya yang masuk kedalam klasifikasi daya PLTMH yang berkisar antara 5 kW-100 kW. Hasil keusioner berdasarkan Metode Likert menunjukkan bahwa website yang berisi potensi daya PLTMH di DAS Krueng Aceh bagian hulu yang telah dibangun adalah baik dan berhasil. Sistem informasi geografis ini dapat diakses melalui URL https://sigacehbesarpltmh.comWeb-Based Geographic Information System for Mapping the Potential of Micro Hydro Power (MHP) in the Krueng Aceh Watershed in the Upper ReachesAbstract. Rainfall analysis and slope, soil type and land use analysis are needed to determine the amount of discharge plan using the Rational Method that can influence the magnitude of power potential in each sub-section of the upstream part of the Krueng Aceh watershed. Rainfall needs to be calculated with statistical parameters to determine the distribution that can be used so that a rainfall plan can be obtained. Slope map overlay, soil type, and land use to obtain runoff coefficient (C). This study uses 10 years of rainfall data for the 2009-2018 period, as well as 2016 spatial data. The amount of the rainfall plan is obtained from the calculation of the distribution that meets the requirements in the study area, namely the Log Pearson III Distribution in a certain return period, the rainfall plan is obtained, the greater the value along with the increasing return period. The plan debit obtained from the calculation results using the Rational Method in a given return period varies the value of the discharge, the longer the return period used, the greater the maximum debit obtained. Potential Power generated from the theoretical calculation results in a certain return period is obtained the value of the power that is included in the classification of power plants that range from 5 kW-100 kW. The results based on the Likert Method show that the website containing the power potential of PLTMH in the upstream part of the Krueng Aceh watershed has been good and successful. This geographic information system can be accessed through the URL https://sigacehbesarpltmh.com
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Sari, Nasmi Herlina, Pandri Pandiatmi, Emmy Dyah Sulistyowati, Sinarep Sinarep, Pandri Pandiatmi, I. Made Wirawan, Suteja Suteja, et al. "Evaluasi Sifat Bending, Tarik dan Morpologi dari Komposit Polyester/Serbuk Serat Hibiscus Tiliaceus setelah diperlakukan dengan NaOH." Jurnal METTEK 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mettek.2021.v07.i02.p04.
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Telah diinvestigasi komposit poliester yang dimodifikasi dengan serbuk dari serat hibiscus tiliceus (HT) sebagai inovasi dari material komposit yang baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki sifat mekanik dari komposit dari serbuk hibiscus tiliaceus (HT) setelah direndam dalam larutan alkali dalam periode berbeda. Sebelum dibuat komposit, serbuk HT direndam dalam alkali NaOH 5% selama waktu berbeda yaitu 2, 4 jam, 6 jam, dan 8 jam. Teknik pembuatan komposit dilakukan dengan teknik hand lay-up; resin poliester sebagai matrik dengan hardener dari metil etil keton peroksida 1% dicampur, kemudian dituang ke dalam cetakan dan diberi tekanan 5 MPa selama 12 jam. Sifat kekuatan tarik, modulus elastisitas dan kekuatan bending telah dievaluasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa lama perendaman serbuk HT dalam NaOH memberikan efek pada sifat mekanik dari komposit serbuk HT/polyester. Setelah serbuk direndam dalam NaOH selama 2 jam, 4 jam dan 6 jam, kekuatan tarik dan bending dari komposit meningkat yang dikaitkan dengan ikatan interface antara serbuk HT-poliester bertambah kuat, tetapi kekuatannya menurun setelah serbuk direndam selama 8 jam karena serbuk HT rusak dan pullout. Analisa SEM menunjukkan morpologi patahan yang rapat dan padat antara serbuk dan poliester serta adanya serbuk HT pullout. Ditinjau dari kekuatan tariknya, komposit yang dihasilkan ini dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti komposit serat gelas.
A polyester composite modified with powder from Hibiscus Tiliceus fiber as a new composite material. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite of Hibiscus tiliaceus (HT) powder after being immersed in an alkali solution for different periods. Before making the composite, the HT powder was immersed in 5% NaOH for times; 2, 4, 6, and 8 (hours). The composite manufacturing technique has been carried out using the hand lay-up technique; polyester resin as a matrix with a hardener of 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide mixed, then poured into molds and under the pressure of 5 MPa for 12 h. The properties of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength have been evaluated through tensile and bending tests. The results showed that the tensile and bending strengths of the composite increased after the HT powder was soaked from 2 h to 6 h; it is due to an increase in the interfacial bond between the HT powder-polyester, but the composite strength decreased after the powder was soaked for 8 h because the HT powder was damaged and powder pullout occurs. SEM analysis shows a tight and dense interface between the powder and polyester and the presence of HT powder pullout. In terms of tensile strength, the resulting composite can be an alternative to glass fiber composites.
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Br Girsang, Eikel Sevania, Yuliana Reni Swasti, and Franciscus Sinung Pranata. "Potensi Bubuk Daging dan Biji Buah Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) sebagai Pengawet Alami Bakso Ikan." Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17728/jatp.10416.
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Bakso ikan adalah suatu produk pangan olahan ikan yang masa simpannya singkat yaitu 12 – 24 jam pada suhu ruang. Pengawet alami dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti pengawet sintetik. Pengawet alami yang sudah banyak digunakan adalah daun dan bunga kecombrang. Penelitian ini menggunakan bubuk dan biji buah kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) sebagai pengawat alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bubuk daging dan biji buah kecombrang terhadap kualitas bakso ikan pada suhu ruang selama masa penyimpanan, dan menentukan konsentrasi optimum dalam memperpanjang masa simpan bakso. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial berdasarkan dua faktor yaitu faktor penyimpanan (0-3 hari) dan faktor perlakuan pemberian bubuk daging dan biji buah kecombrang (0-4,5%). Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum pemberian bubuk daging dan biji buah kecombrang dalam memperpanjang masa simpan bakso ikan pada suhu ruang adalah 4,5% yaitu hingga penyimpanan hari ke-2 dengan jumlah total angka lempeng total (4,71 log CFU/g), jumlah S. aureus (0 log CFU/g), kadar air (56,22%), kadar protein (10,82%), total asam tertritrasi (2,73%), pH (6,29), dan tingkat kekenyalan (6,93 mm). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bubuk daging dan biji buah dapat digunakan untuk pengawet alami bakso ikan.Potential of Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) Fruit Pulp and Seeds Powder as a Natural Preservative of Fish MeatballsAbstractFish meatball has known as manufactured fish food with a shelf life of 12 to 24 hours at room temperature. Natural preservatives can be a good alternative to synthetic preservatives. The pulp and seeds of the kecombrang fruit (Etlingera elatior) can be utilized as natural preservatives. This study aims to determine the ability of pulp and fruit seeds of kecombrang powder to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), determine the effect of giving pulp and fruit seeds of kecombrang on the quality of fish meatballs, and determine the optimum concentration of pulp and fruit seeds of kecombrang in extending the shelf life of meatballs. The experimental design used was a Factorial Complete Randomized Design based on two factors: duration of storage (0 to 3 days) and factor concentration of pulp and fruit seeds of kecombrang powder (0 to 4.5%). The results show that pulp and fruit seed kecombrang powder can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The optimum concentration in extending the shelf life of fish meatballs at room temperature was 4.5% which able to extended the shelf life until 2 days with the total plate count of 4,71 log CFU/g, total S. aureus of 0 log CFU/g, water content of 56.22%, protein content of 10.82%, total irritated acid of 2.73%, pH of 6.29, and springiness of 6.93 mm. As conclusion, pulp and fruit seed kecombrang might be used to extend the shelf life of fish meatball.
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Silaban, Benni James Stepen, Lany Nurhayati, and Apriliana Wahyu Hartanti. "VIABILITAS PROBIOTIK Lactobacillus acidophilus DLBSD102 SETELAH MIKROENKAPSULASI." Jurnal Sains Natural 10, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v10i1.266.
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Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus DLBSD102 after Microencapsulation This study was aim to select the viability the Lactobacillus acidophilus DLBSD102 during the spray drying method, to produce a fermented milk powder containing probiotic. Since spray drying process use the high temperature, suitable encapsulation material will increase the vaibility of probiotic and the quality of the final product. Three different encapsulation materials which were maltodextrin, whey protein isolate, and inulin with several formulations were used. The spray drying temperature used in this study was 130°C (inlet) and 60°C (outlet). The quality of the fermented milk powder containing L.acidophilus DLBSD102 bacteria strain was evaluated by measure the bacterial viability, bacterial cell resistance from hot temperatures, bile salts (0.5%) low pH (pH 2.0), and the presence of possible pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the additional encapsulation material of inulin yielded a good quality fermented milk powder, compared with a mixture of encapsulation materials of maltodextrin: whey protein isolate (3:1), based on viability of probiotics after spray drying was increased, bacterial cell resistance to hot temperature, bile salt (0.5%) low pH (pH 2.0), and resistance to the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The addition of encapsulation material in the form of inulin yielded viability of BAL bacteria with log decrease of 0.20 ± 0,01 log CFU/g whereas without inulin addition decreased by 0.51± 0.36 log CFU/g when dried. Therefore, the mixture of encapsulation materials :maltodextrin:whey protein isolate:inulin (3:1:1) is used in the microencapsulation process of BAL by yielding 8.93% heat resistance, bile salt resistance of 78.55%, resistance to pH 2 of 77.25%, total titrated acids by 2.38%, moisture content during storage of 4.33% (4°C) and 3.96% (25°), pH value during fermentation process was 3.59±0,35 and no pathogenic bacteria was detected during production, packaging and storage for 4 weeks.Keywords: L. acidophilus DLBSD102, microenkapsulation, enkapsulation material, spray dryingABSTRAK Penelitian ini tentang viabilitas Lactobacillus acidophilus DLBSD102 menggunakan bahan enkapsulan yang sesuai dengan metode pengeringan semprot. Tujuannya menghasilkan sediaan produk probiotik berupa serbuk susu fermentasi. Efektivitas mikroenkapsulasi dapat ditingkatkan dengan pemilihan jenis bahan enkapsulan yang tepat saat akan dikeringkan. Suhu pengeringan semprot yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 130°C (inlet) dan 60°C (outlet). Bahan enkapsulan yang digunakan adalah campuran dari maltodekstrin:whey protein isolate:inulin (3:1:1). Kualitas serbuk susu fermentasi dari strain bakteri L.acidophilus DLBSD102 yang diperoleh dievalusi termasuk viabilitas bakteri, ketahanan sel bakteri terhadap suhu panas, garam empedu (0,5%) pH rendah (pH 2,0) dengan metode cawan tuang, dan evaluasi kemungkinan adanya bakteri patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan enkapsulan tambahan berupa inulin menghasilkan serbuk susu fermentasi dengan kualitas yang baik, dibandingkan dengan campuran bahan enkapsulan berupa maltodekstrin:whey protein isolate (3:1), yang didasarkan pada viabilitas probiotik setelah pengeringan semprot dan meningkatkan, ketahanan sel bakteri terhadap suhu panas, garam empedu (0,5%) pH rendah (pH 2,0), dan ketahanan terhadap adanya bakteri patogen. Penambahan bahan enkapsulan berupa inulin menghasilkan viabilitas bakteri BAL dengan log penurunan sebesar 0,20±0,01 log CFU/g sedangkan tanpa penambahan inulin mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,51±0,36 log CFU/g saat dikeringkan. Oleh sebab itu, campuran bahan enkapsulan maltodekstrin:whey protein isolate:inulin (3:1:1) digunakan dalam proses mikroenkapsulasi BAL dengan menghasilkan ketahanan terhadap panas sebesar 8,93%, ketahanan terhadap garam empedu sebesar 78,55%, ketahanan terhadap pH 2 sebesar 77,25%, total asam tertirasi sebesar 2,38%, kadar air selama penyimpanan sebesar 4,33% (4°C) dan 3,96% (25°), nilai pH selama proses fermentasi sebesar 3,59±0,35 dan serbuk susu fermentasi tidak mengandung bakteri patogen selama proses produksi, pengemasan hingga penyimpanan selama 4 minggu.Kata kunci: Probiotik L. acidophilus DLBSD102, mikroenkapsulasi, bahan enkapsulan
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Marasabessy, Amir, Adella Hotnyda, and Ahmad Zayadi. "Perencanaan Water Bus Double Hull Fiberglass Kapasitas Angkut 35 Orang." Jurnal Ilmiah Giga 22, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/jig.v22i1.740.
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Water bus merupakan sarana transportasi angkutan penumpang pada pelayaran sungai atau danau yang saat ini dapat dikategorikan masih dalam jumlah yang belum signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan keberadaan sungai yang ada diwilayah Indonesia sehingga masih diperlukan pengembangan armada water bus berbahan fiberglass dan dari segi disain dapat dikatakan belum memaksimalkan faktor teknis dan ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian adalah desain prototipe model water bus double hull fiberglass yang memenuhi faktor teknis dan ekonomis. Metode yang digunakan pada tahapan preliminary disain adalah metode optomasi untuk menentukan ukuran utama kapal yang optimum berdasarkan data kapal pembanding yang telah diregister pada tahap basic disain dan optimation design approach untuk menghasilkan nilai optimum dari kriteria tertentu (objective function) dengan menentukan parameter yang harus dipenuhi dan menetapkan batasan-batasan (constraint) agar dapat meminimalkan engine power serta dapat digunakan untuk analisis tahapan basic disain serta perhitungan/gambar lines plan dan general arrangement menggunakan program. Hasil penelitian berupa prototipe model water bus double hull fiberglass tipe OBM yang dibuat dalam bentuk miniatur dengan ukuran Panjang (Loa) = 16,00 m, Panjang (Lwl) = 14,61 m, Lebar 5,26 m, Tinggi (H) 1,50 m dan sarat air (T) 0,70 m, kecepatan (V) 17 knot dan kapasitas engine 2 × 175 HP.
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Mudayana, Ahmad Ahid, Marsiana Wiboeo, and Erni Gusnita. "PELATIHAN PERANCANGAN MEDIA PROMOSI KESEHATAN KEPADA SISWA SMA MUHAMMADIYAH DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN KEBUMEN." Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jp.v1i2.339.
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Media informasi dan teknologi menjadi komoditas utama dalam interaksi antar manusia, Media informasi dan teknologi ini tidak lepas dari dampak positif dan negatifnya, tergantung dari kesesuaian penggunaan masing-masing individu. Setiap orang bisa menyebarluaskan menyebarluaskan informasi yang akurat. Namun demikian, dalam menyebar luaskan informasi dengan media harus mempertimbangkan beberapa tahapan perancangan media, agar menghasilkan media yang efektif untuk kelompok sasaranRemaja adalah periode individu penuh rasa keingintahuan dalam segala hal. Permasalahan kesehatan yang dilalui individu remaja juga semakin kompleks. Keaktifan remaja dalam mengeksplorasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan ini sudah seharusnya menjadi peluang besar dalam memperdalam keterampilan remaja, terutama di era informasi dan media yang canggih sekarang ini. Remaja mempunyai daya tanggap yang cepat dalam mempelajari media, terutama media sosial dan digital. Perumusan pesan yang persuasif serta lay out media yang menarik dan seseuai dengan sasaran sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencapai media promosi kesehatan yang efektif. Pelaksanaan pengabdian menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi dan skill development. Peningkatan pengetahuan peserta pelatihan tentang media promosi kesehatan dan peningkatan keterampilan dalam merancang media promosi kesehatan dapat dilihat dari antusiame peserta dalam mendengarkan pemaparan dan tanya jawab dan evaluasi proses dimana peserta dapat membuat pesan yang persuasif yang melalui media seperti poster, power point dan movie maker. Kata Kunci : Media, promosi kesehatan, Remaja
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Marasabessy, Amir, Ahmad Zayadi, and Sri Sulasminingsih. "Disain Awal Kapal Ikan Berbahan Fiberglass Kapasitas 30 GT." Jurnal Ilmiah Giga 22, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/jig.v22i2.769.
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Selama ini dalam pembangunan kapal ikan 30 GT berbahan fiberglass oleh Kementrian Kelautan Perikanan ukuran pokok kapal selalu berbeda satu dengan lainnya, hal ini berdampak terhadap perbedaan penentuan besaran kecepatan dan besaran tenaga motor induk. Hal ini sebagai akibat dari perencanaan kapal yang tidak akurasi, jika besaran-besaran tersebut lebih besar dari yang direncanakan maka produksi kapal menjadi tidak ekonomis. Sebaliknya jika besaran tersebut secara lebih kecil dari yang direncanakan maka pihak pembangunan kapal akan dikenakan sanksi/ganti kerugian negara. Oleh sebab itu untuk perencanaan ukuran pokok kapal ikan 30 GT berbahan fiberglass pada tahapan preliminary design akan memperhatikan keakurasian dengan menggunakan program maxsurff. Pada makalah ini dilakukan perencanakan ukuran pokok kapal ikan 30 GT berbahan fiberglass yang akurasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam perencanaan ini adalah metode optimasi preliminary design dan optimation design approach serta metode statistik regresi linear. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan, dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel add-in solver diperoleh ukuran pokok kapal yang optimum yakni panjang (Loa) = 21 m; Lebar (B) = 4 m; Tinggi (H) = 1.8 m; Sarat (T) = 1 m dan koefisien blok (Cb) = 0.5. Minimizing the main engine effective power sebesar 110.67 kW (150.47 Hp).
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Wibowo, Sandi, Suryanto Suryanto, and Duto Nugroho. "KARAKTERISTIK UPAYA DAN DAERAH PENANGKAPAN PUKAT CINCIN PELAGIS BESAR YANG BERPANGKALAN DI PPS BITUNG." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 22, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.22.1.2016.51-60.
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<p>Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra Bitung berperan penting dalam mendukung operasi armada perikanan pukat cincin pelagis besar yang ditujukan untuk memanfaatkan sumberdaya ikan tuna di WPPNRI 714, 715, 716 dan 717 yang mewakili perairan kepulauan, ZEEI dan laut lepas. Analisis deskriptif terhadap data logbook 2011-2013 perikanan pukat cincin pelagis besar ditujukan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik armada, sebaran daerah dan aktivitas penangkapan pukat cincin yang berpangkalan di PPS Bitung. Karakteristik upaya ditekankan pada rerata dimensi dan ukuran panjang kapal pukat cincin pelagis besar yang beroperasi memberikan informasi bahwa armada yang beroperasi pada 2013 berukuran rata-rata panjang 22,9 m (dengan kisaran 12,7 – 33,5) dengan ukuran bobot kapal 69,6 GT (18-200) serta kekuatan mesin sebesar 317,5 DK (80-1200). Operasional penangkapan menggambarkan kisaran jarak dan durasi antar tawur pada rumpon. Hasil analisis memberikan indikasi bahwa dari 106 unit kapal pukat cincin yang beroperasi 49% diantaranya aktif menangkapi 1 WPP, 41% di 2 WPP, dan 10% di 3 WPP, tidak ditemukan kapal yang beroperasi di empat WPP. Sebaran aktivitas penangkapan tertinggi pada 2013 ditemukan di WPP 715 sebesar 1828 tawur sedangkan terendah ditemukan di laut lepas sejumlah 9 tawur. Laju tangkap tertinggi pada 2013 (20,9 ton/tawur) terdapat di WPP 714 sedangkan hasil tangkapan per tawur terendah (6,11 ton/tawur) ditemukan di WPP 716. Musim penangkapan yang diwakili oleh frekuensi upaya tawur bulanan tidak menggambarkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata.</p><p> </p><em>Ocean fishing port of Bitung has an essential role provides fishing operation needs of tuna and skipjack purse seine fishery that operating their fleets in four Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) 714, 715, 716 and 717 represent archipelagic, IZEE and high seas waters. Fisheries logbook and Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data were collected during the port performance research program in 2014. Exploratory data analyses were applied to data of 2011 to 2013. The objective of this study is to describe the purse seine fleet characteristics, distribution of fishing grounds including estimate of catch rates. Integrating VMS data and logbook were explored to estimate range of distance and duration between fishing activities. The average length over all (LOA) of active vessels in 2013 was 22.9 m (12.7 – 33.5 m) with tonnage of 69.6 GT (18-200 GT) and engine power of 317.5 HP (80-1200 HP). Descriptive analysis indicates that 49% of 106 vessels operate only in one FMA, 41% in two FMAs and the last 10% operate in three FMAs, no fleet operate in four FMAs. The highest fishing activities in 2013 found in FMA 715 with 1828 hauls while the lowest are found on the high seas with 9 hauls. The highest catch per unit effort in 2013 was found on FMA 714 (20.9 tons/setting) while the lowest was found in FMA 716 (6.11 tons/setting). Fishing season is represented by frequency of gear setting indicated that there is no significantly seasonal difsference. </em>
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Mashuni, Mashuni, Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga, Muhammad Jahiding, and Fitri Handayani Hamid. "Sintesis Kitosan dari Kulit Udang sebagai Bahan Membran Elektrode Au/Kitosan/GTA/AChE untuk Deteksi Pestisida." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.56551.112-121.
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<p>Sintesis kitosan telah dikembangkan dengan metode pemanasan <em>microwave </em>(MW) menggunakan pelarut alkali untuk kebutuhan berbagai aplikasi yang salah satunya sebagai membran immobilisasi enzim. Penelitian membran kitosan dengan immobilisasi enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE) sebagai elektrode biosensor terus berkembang untuk menghasilkan perangkat mutakhir yang dapat mendeteksi pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan biosensor berbasis elektrode membran Au/Kitosan/GTA/AChE untuk deteksi pestisida karbaril yang memiliki batas deteksi yang rendah, sensitivitas yang tinggi, waktu respon cepat dan presisi yang baik. Kitosan dihasilkan dari isolasi kitin dari kulit udang menggunakan alat MW dan pelarut NaOH dengan daya 450 Watt selama 15 menit menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 31,50%. Karakterisasi FTIR kitosan diidentifikasi adanya gugus O–H, C–N, N–H amina, dan C=O dengan intensitas yang rendah serta derajat deasetilasi rata-rata 95,6 ± 0,1%. Komposisi elektrode membran Au/Kitosan/GTA/AChE menggunakan kitosan dengan variasi konsentrasi 2, 5, dan 8% (b/v) dan glutaraldehid (GTA) 25%, kawat Au dan diimobilisasikan enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE). Elektrode membran Au/Kitosan 2%/GTA/AChE memiliki karakteristik yang baik dimana nilai sensitivitas sebesar 23,318 mV.dekade<sup>-1</sup> pada rentang konsentrasi pestisida 10<sup>-7 </sup>– 10<sup>-1</sup> µg mL<sup>-1</sup> dengan batas deteksi (LoD) 1 × 10<sup>-7 </sup>µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Waktu respon yang diperoleh yaitu pada rentang waktu 5– 7 menit dengan <em>relative standard deviation</em> (RSD) sebesar 0,588%. Biosensor yang dikembangkan menunjukkan sensitivitas, stabilitas dan reproduktifitas yang baik, sehingga elektrode membran Au/Kitosan/GTA/AChE menjanjikan untuk alat deteksi pestisida. </p><p><strong>Synthesis of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell as Electrode Membrane Material Au/Chitosan/GTA/AChE for Pesticide Detection. </strong>Chitosan synthesis has been developed using the heating by microwave (MW) method using alkaline solvents for various applications, one of which is an enzyme immobilization membrane. Chitosan membrane research with immobilization of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biosensor electrode developed to produce advanced devices that can detect pesticides. This study aims to produce a biosensor based on Au/Chitosan/GTA/AChE membrane electrodes to detect carbaryl pesticides with a low detection limit, high sensitivity, fast response time, and good precision. Chitosan was produced from the isolation of chitin from shrimp shells using an MW device and NaOH solvent with a power of 450 Watts for 15 minutes to produce a yield of 31.50%. The FTIR characterization of chitosan identified the presence of O–H, C–H, C–N, N–H amine groups and C=O with low intensity and the average degree of deacetylation of 95.6 ± 0.1%. The composition of Au/Chitosan/GTA/AChE membrane electrodes used chitosan with various concentrations of 2, 5, and 8% (w/v) and glutaraldehyde (GTA) 25% on Au wire and immobilized with AChE enzyme. The Au/Chitosan 2%/GTA/AChE membrane electrode has good characteristics where the sensitivity value is 23.318 mV.decade<sup>-1</sup> in the pesticide concentration range of 10<sup>-7 </sup>– 10<sup>-1</sup> µg mL<sup>-1</sup> with a detection limit (LoD) of 1 × 10<sup>-7</sup> µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The response time obtained is in the range of 5 ‒ 7 minutes with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.588%. The developed biosensor shows good sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility, thus Au/Chitosan/GTA/AChE membrane electrodes are promising for pesticide detection.</p>
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Theresia, Theresia. "GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME HANDLING CASE REPORT WITH PLASMAFERESIS THERAPY[LAPORAN KASUS PENANGANAN SINDROM GUILLAIN-BARRE DENGAN TERAPI PLASMAFERESIS]." Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/nc.v5i2.1700.
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<p><em>Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a serial of syndromes manifested as an acute inflammation of poliradiculoneuropathy as a result of weakness and decreased reflexes with various clinical variations found. Epidemiological data for the SGB case as a disease of the nervous system disorder did show the number of events that are less significant globally and nationally. Infection as a trigger factor for GBS is still high in tropical countries such as Indonesia. In Indonesia, GBS data on research Description of GBS Patients with Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (EGOS) method at RSUPN Cipto Mangun Kusumo since 2010 until 2014 got the number of new cases of SGB per year in RSUPNCM that is 7.6 cases and occurred throughout the year. New cases that occur are quite low but the trigger factors such as infection Mycoplasma pneumonia are high enough. This can be the concern of health workers including nurses to understand the GBS case and how to handle it. The purpose of this paper provides information to fellow nurses (practice, education, and research), patients and families and lay peoples that are interested in the case to better understand the case of Guillain Barre Syndrome and the treatment of Plasmapheresis. The method used in this article is a narrative of nursing records in 1 patient diagnosed with GBS with plasmapheresis therapy in the inpatient ward at RS X Private Hospital in South Jakarta. The process of improving the clinical condition corresponds to some clinical trials that occur in the literature that the condition of respiratory failure does not occur, extreme muscle paralysis may be reduced, an abillity to swallow is also getting better.</em></p><p><em><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Sindrom Guillain-Barré</em> (SGB) merupakan sekumpulan sindrom yang termanifestasikan sebagai inflamasi akut poliradikuloneuropati sebagai hasil dari kelemahan dan penurunan refleks dengan berbagai variasi klinis yang ditemukan. Data epidemiologi untuk kasus SGB sebagai penyakit gangguan sistem saraf memang menunjukkan angka kejadian yang kurang signifikan secara global maupun nasional. Infeksi sebagai faktor pemicu SGB masih tinggi terjadi di negara tropik seperti Indonesia. Di Indonesia sendiri data SGB pada penelitian Deskripsi Luaran Pasien SGB dengan metode <em>Erasmus GBS Outcome Score</em> (EGOS) di RSUPN Cipto Mangun Kusumo sejak tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2014 didapat jumlah kasus baru SGB pertahun di RSUPNCM yaitu 7,6 kasus dan terjadi sepanjang tahun dan tidak mengenal musim. Data jumlah kasus baru yang terjadi memang tergolong rendah namun faktor pemicu infeksi seperti <em>Mycoplasma pneumonia</em> cukup tinggi. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi perhatian para tenaga kesehatan termasuk perawat untuk dapat memahami kasus SGB dan penanganannya. Tujuan penulisan ini memberikan informasi bagi rekan perawat (lahan praktik, pendidikan, maupun penelitian), pasien dan keluarga serta orang awam yang tertarik dengan kasus ini untuk lebih memahami kasus <em>Sindrom Guillain Barre</em> dan penanganan Plasmaferesis. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemaparan secara naratif catatan keperawatan pada 1 orang pasien yang terdiagnosa SGB dengan terapi plasmaferesis di ruang rawat inap di RS Swasta X di Jakarta Selatan. Proses perbaikan kondisi klinis sesuai dengan beberapa uji klinis yang tedapat di literatur yaitu kondisi gagal nafas tidak terjadi, paralisis otot ekstrimitas dapat berkurang, kemampuan menelan juga semakin membaik.</p>
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Kunani and M. Dzikron. "Strategi Usaha untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah pada Usaha Penggilingan Padi dengan Menggunakan Analisis Rantai Nilai (Value Chain)." Bandung Conference Series: Industrial Engineering Science 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsies.v2i2.4565.
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Abstract. PB Sri Jaya is a research site for the Final Project, which focuses on the field of rice milling. PB Sri Jaya often has problems in increasing the price of raw materials for grain and decreasing the selling price of rice. The purpose of this research is to identify business actors, production value chains, and get the right strategy proposals so that the company is superior to other companies. When viewed in terms of rice marketing at this time, Indonesia receives imported rice from Vietnam, so local products are forced to balance out foreign products by reducing product prices. Many companies are temporarily closed and lay off their employees because of losses. Therefore, the company must have a strategy to continue to carry out the production process in the midst of the difficulty of raw materials so that the company continues to get added value and profit under any conditions. So there needs to be a solution to these problems using the Value Chain method. The results obtained are the company is in quadrant I, where the company is advised to be able to maintain the strengths and opportunities that exist. Then, pay attention to the alternative strategies SO, WO, ST, WT, and still pay attention to the five factors from Porter's Five Forces Model as a reference for the company in competing with other mills. The five factors are the threat of new entrants, the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, the threat of substitute products or services and industry competition.
Abstrak. PB Sri Jaya merupakan tempat penelitian Tugas Akhir, yang berfokus pada bidang penggilingan padi. PB Sri Jaya sering mengalami permasalahan dalam peningkatan harga bahan baku gabah dan menurunnya harga jual beras. Tujuan adanya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi pelaku usaha, rantai nilai produksi, dan mendapatkan usulan strategi yang tepat agar perusahaan lebih unggul dari perusahaan lain. Jika dilihat dari segi pemasaran beras saat ini, Indonesia menerima beras impor dari vietnam, sehingga terpaksa produk lokal harus mengimbangi produk luar negri dengan cara mengurangi harga produk. Banyak perusahaan yang sementara ditutup dan memberhentikan karyawannya karena mengalami kerugian. Oleh karena itu perusahaan harus mempunyai strategi agar tetap melakukan proses produksi ditengah sulitnya bahan baku agar perusahaan tetap mendapatkan nilai tambah dan keuntungan dalam kondisi apapun. Sehingga perlu adanya solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan metode Rantai Nilai (Value Chain). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu perusahaan berada pada kuadran I, dimana perusahaan disarankan agar bisa mempertahankan kekuatan dan peluang yang ada. Kemudian, memperhatikan alternatif strategi SO, WO, ST, WT, serta tetap memperhatikan lima faktor dari Porter’s Five Forces Model sebagai acuan perusahaan dalam bersaing dengan penggilingan lain. Lima faktor tersebut berupa ancaman pendatang baru, kekuatan pemasok, kekuatan pembeli, ancaman produk atau jasa pengganti dan persaingan industri.
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Erfan, Muhammad, Hari Purnomo, and Nanang Tri Haryadi. "SIKLUS HIDUP PENGGEREK BUAH KOPI (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) PADA PERBEDAAN PAKAN ALAMI BUAH KOPI DAN PAKAN BUATAN." Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 2, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bip.v2i2.16176.
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ABSTRACT Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) Is the main pest in coffee plants in Indonesia. Characteristics of coffee berries that are attacked by pests, there is a small hole in the coffee berry and powder around it. Control is carried out biologically, technically, and chemically. These control techniques need to be tested for effectiveness in the laboratory. The test requires the insect H. hampei as a test insect. H. hampei can be obtained by mass propagation. Mass propagation can be done using artificial diet. This study was conducted to determine the effect of artificial diet on the life cycle of H. hampei. This study uses descriptive methods on 2 types of feed treatment; natural diet of coffee berry and artificial diet made from wheat powder and coffee powder. The results showed that the number of eggs produced by H. hampei in natural diet treatment could range from 30 to 46 eggs and every 3 days observation could lay eggs from 0 to 22 eggs. The percentage of eggs that succeeded in being imago was 95.32% with a sex ratio of 1: 10. The duration of life of H. hampei ranged from 100 to 150 days, with a period of 5-6 days, larvae 18-19 days and pupae 4-5 days. In the artificial diet, the egg method is able to grow into a second instar larval stage with a life span of 19 days. Keywords: Life Cycle, Coffee Berry Borer, Natural Diet, Artificial Diet ABSTRAK Penggerek Buah Kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) merupakan hama utama padla tanaman kopi di Indonesia. Ciri – ciri buah kopi yang terserang hama ini, yaitu terdapat lubang kecil pada buah kopi dan serbuk disekitarnya. Pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara biologi, kultur teknis, dan kimiawi. Teknik – teknik pengendalian tersebut perlu diuji keefektifannya di laboratorium. Pengujian tersebut memerlukan serangga H. hampei sebagai serangga uji. Serangga H. hampei dapat diperoleh dengan perbanyakan secara massal. Perbanyakan massal dapt dilakukan dengan menggunakan pakan buatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pakan buatan terhadap siklus hidup serangga H. hampei. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif pada 2 macam perlakuan pakan; pakan alami buah kopi dan pakan buatan dari bahan dasar bubuk gandum dan bubuk kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah telur yang dihasilkan serangga H. hampei pada perlakuan pakan alami mampu berkisar 30 – 46 telur dan setiap 3 hari pengamatan dapat bertelur 0 – 22 telur. Persentase telur yang berhasil menjadi imago 95,32% dengan sex rasio 1 : 10. Lama hidup H. hampei berkisar 100 – 150 hari, dengan masa telur 5 – 6 hari, masa larva 18 – 19 hari dan masa pupa 4 – 5 hari. Pada pakan buatan yang menerapakan metode telur mampu tumbuh menjadi stadia larva instar 2 dengan masa hidup larva sampai 19 hari. Kata Kunci: Siklus Hidup, Penggerek Buah Kopi, Pakan Alami, Pakan Buatan
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Behrens, R. A., M. K. MacLeod, T. T. Tran, and A. C. Alimi. "Incorporating Seismic Attribute Maps in 3D Reservoir Models." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 1, no. 02 (April 1, 1998): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36499-pa.
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Summary We introduce a new geostatistical method to incorporate seismic attribute maps into a three-dimensional (3D) reservoir model. The method explicitly honors the difference in vertical resolution between seismic and well-log data. The method, called sequential Gaussian simulation with block Kriging (SGSBK), treats the seismic map as a soft estimate of the average reservoir property. With this method, the average of the cell values in anyone vertical column of grid cells is constrained by the value of the seismic map over that column. The result is a model that contains vertical variability driven by well logs and the vertical-variogram model and spatial variability driven by the seismic map and the areal-variogram model. Introduction Reservoir models for flow simulation and volumetrics are often built from well logs by use of geostatistical methods. The well logs provide good vertical resolution required for accurate flow simulation, but they represent only a small portion of the reservoir. Seismic data is very complementary because it is areally dense, but vertically sparse relative to well-log data. The goal of the method presented is to integrate seismic data that more closely represents interval-average rock properties, and well-log data that more closely represents point-rock properties. This "volume support" difference is acknowledged and treated in the SGSBK method presented in this paper. Geostatistical methods that aim to build 3D reservoir models must honor the difference in volume support between well and seismic data, whereas methods for areal two-dimensional (2D) models do not. Averaged or integrated log properties no longer represent point properties but rather interval properties with lower vertical resolution similar to seismic data. The differences in volume support between the log average and seismic data are acceptable, because both represent large volumes of rock. No special treatment for volume support is thus used in areal 2D simulations that use both log and seismic-map data. This special circumstance is not true for 3D models, so any 3D method to incorporate log data and seismic data should address the volume-support problem. Literature Review There are several problems associated with integrating seismic and well data for 3D reservoir characterization: the seismic data must be converted from time to depth domain; seismic data is band-limited, whereas well data has both high- and low-frequency components; seismic data must be calibrated to well data; and a well measurement is of quasipoint support, whereas a seismic datum informs a much larger volume of reservoir rock. (The term quasipoint properties is used to represent the properties in a single cell rather than a core plug or smaller.) Several authors have worked on the calibration issue. Fournier1 and Fournier and Derain2 performed multivariate statistical analysis on a calibration dataset consisting of well logs and nearby seismic traces to establish a nonparametric regression between petrophysical properties and some seismic attributes. This regression is then applied on the seismic data to obtain seismic-derived reservoir properties that are, in turn, incorporated with well information using cokriging (and variants thereof). In their studies, Fournier and Fournier and Derain considered average properties (e.g., average porosity,1 cumulative lithofacies thickness2), because it was not possible to assess vertical distributions of reservoir properties from their limited-time-resolution seismic traces. Zhu and Journel3 proposed a different use of the well-seismic calibration dataset. In lieu of a regression, the well (hard) and seismic (soft) data are encoded as local prior probability distributions which are then "updated" into posterior distributions during the sequential indicator simulation process.4 Values of the property of interest are drawn randomly from these local posterio~ distributions. This method was found to be superior by Araktingi et al.,5 who applied it to a synthetic seismic dataset. Similarly, Doyen and Psaila6 used a "seismic likelihood function" constructed from a seismic-lithotype crossplot to modify the local probability distributions generated by the sequential indicator simulation algorithm; the result is lithologic models that are constrained by seismic data. Xu et al.7 proposed the sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) with collocated cokriging algorithm as a more efficient, albeit less rigorous, alternative to SGS with full cokriging.8,9 This algorithm requires the correlation coefficient between the well and seismic data, and their cross-covariance model is derived from the covariance model of the well data. Xu et al. showed a 2D study where the algorithm was applied to incorporate well data and seismic two-way travel times to create realizations of the structure top of a salt dome. Yang et al.10 used SGS with collocated cokriging to construct 3D porosity models conditional to both well and seismic data. In one approach, the seismic amplitude was used as soft data; the required correlation coefficient was obtained by crossplotting averaged porosity and absolute seismic amplitude. In another approach, the inverted seismic impedance was used as soft data. Although not explicitly stated by the authors, either an interpolation or simulation procedure was used to populate the simulation grid with soft seismic data, because the vertical resolution of the seismic data is much less than that of the simulation grid. Gorell1 proposed a method to account for the difference in vertical resolution of seismic and well data. First, the wells are subdivided vertically into correlatable layers. Each layer is then populated with porosity values using 2D geostatistical operations. Finally, linear rescaling is performed on each vertical column of the simulation grid to ensure that a seismic-derived average porosity map is honored. The resulting 3D porosity model honors both the vertical variations at the well locations and average porosity map. This technique can be applied to several different vertical zones of the reservoir with different average porosity maps, and the rescaled results are stacked together at the end. As pointed out by the author, this technique requires that the wells be vertical or the well data may not be honored. In addition, vertical correlation of porosity between layers is only honored indirectly through the interwell-correlation process and the probability density function (pdf) of the point data is distorted, as will be shown later. Burns et al.12 used a similar resealing procedure to improve the description of a 100-ft-thick reservoir.
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Jacobs, Trent. "Mud-Gas Breakthrough Equinor Develops Real-Time Reservoir-Fluid Identification." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0221-0037-jpt.
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For all that logging-while-drilling has provided since its wide-spread adoption in the 1980s, there is one thing on the industry’s wish list that it could never offer: an accurate way to tell the difference between oil and gas. A new technology created by petrotechnicals at Equinor, however, has made this possible. The innovation could be thought of as a pseudo-log, but Equinor is describing it as a reservoir-fluid-identification system. Using an internally developed machine-learning model, it compares a database of more than 4,000 reservoir samples against the real-time analysis of the mud gas that flows up a well as it is drilled. Crunched out of the technology’s various hardware and software components is a prediction on the gas/oil ratio (GOR) that the rock being drilled through will have once it is producing. Since this happens in real time, it boils down to an alert system for when drillers are tapping into uneconomic pay zones. “This is something people have tried to do for 30 years - using partial information to predict entire oil and gas properties,” said Tao Yang. He added that “the data acquisition is rather cheap compared with all the downhole tools, and it doesn’t cost you rig time,” highlighting that the mud-gas analyzer critical to the process sits on a rig or platform without interfering with drilling operations. Yang is a reservoir technology specialist at Equinor and one of the authors of a technical paper (SPE 201323) about the new digital technology that was presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in October. He and his colleagues spent more than 3 years building the system which began in the Norwegian oil company’s Houston office as a project to improve pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) analysis in tight-oil wells in North America. It has since found a home in the company’s much larger offshore business unit in Stavanger. Offshore projects designed around certain oil-production targets can face harsh realities when they end up producing more associated gas than expected. It is the difference between drilling an underperforming well full of headaches and one that will pay out hundreds of millions of dollars over its lifetime. By introducing real-time fluid identification, Equinor is trying to enforce a new control on that risk by giving drillers the information they need to pull the bit back and start drilling a side-track deeper into the formation where the odds are better of finding higher proportions of oil or condensates. At the conference, Yang shared details about some of the first field implementations, saying that in most cases the GOR predictions made by the fluid-identification system were confirmed by traditional PVT analysis from the trial wells. Unlike other advancements made on this front, he also said the new approach is the first of its kind to combine such a large database of PVT data with a machine-learning model “that is common to any well.” That means “we do not need to know where this well is located” to make a GOR prediction, said Yang.
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Prabowo, Prabowo. "Problematika Nomos Dan Hubungannya Dengan Kasih Karunia Dalam Surat Roma." Journal KERUSSO 5, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerusso.v5i2.149.
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It’s long time, churches debate on the application of the law to believers today. Some of the figures found grace is no longer relevant in the church. But some Christian leaders argue otherwise, saying that the law is still relevant and should be done. But, now a days many interpretations that are not right about Paul's theology on the application of the law in a period of grace. False interpretations of verses taken from Paul's letters caused God's people to be confused. Therefore, there is a need for proper interpretation through the process of exegesis of the Book of Romans 2-8, resulting in the existence of the correct interpretation of the law in a period of grace.From the background and the problems, this research focused to sharpen understanding of the problems related to the application of grace in the church today. Researchers used descriptive method to describe it. Then the authors conducted a study exegesis consisting of an observational analysis, textual analysis, structural analysis, grammatical analysis, lexical analysis, historical analysis or conceptual, analytical theological and exegetical analysis of Romans 2-8.
The purpose of this study is the first, to understand the interrelationships of the law and grace; second, to understand the uniqueness of Paul's theology in describing the application of the law in a period of grace; Third, investigate exegesis mean passages from Paul's Letter to the Romans chapters 2-8 which discusses the relevance of the law and grace.
The results of the discussion found several things: First, the assumption that Paul abolishes the law is not correct. Paul did not abolish the Law in a period of grace. Second, the law still relevant in the church today. Jesus fulfill the law for believers, so that believers can do the latter by the power of the Holy Spirit. And keep in mind that God has put His laws are no longer in tablets of stone dead, but in the mind of his people. Third, the law has a unique role and functions in the day of grace. The Law was God's will for believers because it still remains a self-revelation of God.Recommended for ministers, pastors, and teachers of theology seriously investigate the truth about the existence of the law in the church today, so that people are not confused by every falseteaching.
Abstrak Indonesia
Sudah lama sekali, gereja berdebat tentang penerapan hukum kepada orang percaya hari ini. Beberapa tokoh menemukan kasih karunia tidak lagi relevan di gereja. Tetapi beberapa pemimpin Kristen berpendapat sebaliknya, dengan mengatakan bahwa hukum masih relevan dan harus dilakukan. Namun, sekarang ini banyak tafsir yang tidak benar tentang teologi Paulus tentang penerapan hukum dalam masa kasih karunia. Penafsiran yang salah dari ayat-ayat yang diambil dari surat-surat Paulus menyebabkan umat Tuhan menjadi bingung. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penafsiran yang tepat melalui proses penafsiran Kitab Roma 2-8, sehingga terjadi penafsiran hukum yang benar dalam masa rahmat.Dari latar belakang dan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mempertajam pemahaman tentang permasalahan terkait penerapan anugerah di gereja saat ini. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikannya. Kemudian penulis melakukan studi tafsir yang terdiri dari analisis observasional, analisis tekstual, analisis struktural, analisis gramatikal, analisis leksikal, analisis historis atau konseptual, analisis teologis dan analisis eksegetik Roma 2-8.
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah yang pertama, untuk memahami keterkaitan antara hukum dan rahmat; kedua, memahami keunikan teologi Paulus dalam menjelaskan penerapan hukum dalam masa kasih karunia; Ketiga, menyelidiki eksegesis yang berarti bagian-bagian dari Surat Paulus kepada Roma pasal 2-8 yang membahas relevansi hukum dan kasih karunia.Hasil diskusi menemukan beberapa hal: Pertama, anggapan bahwa Paulus menghapus hukum adalah tidak tepat. Paulus tidak menghapus Hukum dalam masa kasih karunia. Kedua, hukum masih relevan di gereja saat ini. Yesus menggenapi hukum untuk orang percaya, sehingga orang percaya dapat melakukan yang terakhir dengan kuasa Roh Kudus. Dan perlu diingat bahwa Tuhan telah meletakkan hukum-hukum-Nya tidak lagi di loh batu mati, tetapi di benak umat-Nya. Ketiga, hukum memiliki peran dan fungsi yang unik di hari kasih karunia. Hukum adalah kehendak Tuhan bagi orang percaya karena itu tetap merupakan wahyu Tuhan.
Dianjurkan agar pendeta, pendeta, dan guru teologi menyelidiki dengan serius kebenaran tentang keberadaan hukum di gereja saat ini, agar masyarakat tidak dibingungkan oleh setiap kesalahan pengajaran.
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Sembiring, Bagem BR, Ening Wiedosari, and Sujianto Sujianto. "THE EFFECT OF JAMU FORMULAS ON BODY WEIGHT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, AND ANTIBODY TITER IN CHICKEN / Pengaruh Jenis Jamu terhadap Bobot Badan, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Titer Antibodi Ayam." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 24, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.65-74.
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<p>Medicinal plants are useful to increase body immunity, body weight, appetite, and improve health both for human and animal. The research aimed to obtain functional drink formula for chicken, called jamu, made with spices and medicinal plants. These trials consisted of 3 activities; first, raw materials preparation include fermentation and extraction, second, functional drink formulation in form liquid and powder with pH and IC50 value as parameters, third, efficacy test of formulas that had the strongest antioxidant. The treatments were categorized as group I (chicken were fed with jamu, without vaccination), group II (fed with jamu for two weeks then vaccinated), group III (jamu feeding complemented by vaccination), group IV (control, only vaccination). The third activity was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 replications. Parameters observed were body weight increment and antibody titer. The fermentation time and formula composition showed no significant effect on pH until the third day (4.31 - 4.68), but they indicated significant effect on pH from the fourth day, declined until the seventh day (3.65-4.26). The type and compositions of the formula significantly affected IC50 value. The smallest of IC50 value of liquid and powder formulas were 7796.25 ppm and 244.57 ppm, respectively. The incremental body weight regarding liquid, powder, and control formulas were 365.55 g / week, 351.22 g / week, and 326.66 g / week, respectively. The highest antibody titer was at group III that had 4.50 (log 2), whereas control was 3.30 (log2). The combination feeding, jamu formula and vaccine, was able to increase body weight increment and antibody titer on chicken.</p><p>Keywords: medicinal plants, functional drink, IC50, broilers, antibody titers</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman obat digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, bobot badan, nafsu makan, mencegah penyakit, serta pemulihan kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional untuk ayam berbasis tanaman rempah dan obat. Kegiatan meliputi 3 aktivitas (1) Penanganan bahan baku, fermentasi dan ekstraksi (2) Formulasi minuman fungsional (cair dan serbuk) dengan parameter pH dan nilai IC50. (3) Uji efikasi formula cair dan serbuk yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat. Perlakuan: kelompok I, ayam hanya diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok II, ayam diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu sebelum vaksinasi, kelompok III, ayam divaksin sebelum diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok IV, ayam hanya divaksinasi. Kegiatan (3) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 ulangan dan parameter pengamatan yaitu penambahan bobot badan dan titer antibodi. Waktu fermentasi dan komposisi formula tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan pada pH sampai hari ketiga (4,31-4,68), namun signifikan pada hari keempat ditandai dengan penurunan pH sampai hari ketujuh (3,65-4,26). Jenis dan komposisi formula secara signifikan mempengaruhi nilai IC50. Nilai IC50 terkecil dari formula cair adalah 7796,25 ppm dan serbuk 244,57 ppm. Kenaikan berat badan dengan formula jamu cair yaitu 365,55 g / minggu, serbuk 351,22 g / minggu dan kontrol 326,66 g / minggu. Titer antibodi tertinggi adalah 4,50 (log2) yang ditunjukkan oleh kelompok III, sedangkan kontrol 3,30 (log2). Minuman fungsional (jamu) ditambah dengan vaksinasi mampu meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan dan titer antibodi ayam.</p><p>Kata kunci: Tanaman obat, minuman fungsional, IC50, ayam broiler, titer antibodi</p>
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Miller, Patrick. "Technology Focus: Reservoir Surveillance (September 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 09 (September 1, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0921-0036-jpt.
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It is not unusual to compare a team of subsurface professionals to a team of detectives piecing together a sequence of events to solve a crime. To make sense of what is happening in a hydrocarbon reservoir, subsurface teams, like detectives, typically have incomplete, sparse data sets, sampled at different points in time and space. The data only provide a partial picture of what has happened and what is likely to happen in the future. In either case, surveillance is an essential tactic to build a mental model of the situation. Fortunately, both detectives and subsurface teams have growing surveillance toolboxes to help fill information gaps and narrow the range of possible scenarios. In the oil and gas industry, an endless set of questions can be asked to characterize the state and history of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Teams need to understand the capability of the reservoir to store fluids, stresses acting on the reservoir, what fluids exist and how they interact with each other and the rock, and how fluids are moving (or are likely to move) through the reservoir. Information, however, is rarely free, and different surveillance tools provide varying qualities of information, so it is essential for subsurface professionals to choose wisely in terms of which problems to solve and which tools to pull out of the toolbox. Ultimately, we need to apply the right tools to the right problems to maximize the value of the information we gather. In this feature, we will explore innovative approaches to help better understand the stress state of the reservoir, interactions between different fluids and rocks, and how to track the movement of specific fluid components throughout the reservoir. To do so, the authors of the papers highlighted in this month’s feature apply advanced log data analysis, experimental laboratory work, and compositional reservoir simulation, key tools that every subsurface team should have in its toolbox. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 201679 - A Fast Method To Estimate the Correlation Between Confining Stresses and Absolute Permeability of Propped Fractures by Faras Al Balushi, The Pennsylvania State University, et al. SPE 202224 - Downhole Surveillance During the Well Lifetime Using Distributed Temperature Sensing by Ludovic Paul Ricard, CSIRO, et al. SPE 201635 - Predicting Reservoir Fluid Properties From Advanced Mud Gas Data by Tao Yang, Equinor, et al.
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El-Khatib, Noaman A. F. "Immiscible Displacement of Non-Newtonian Fluids in Communicating Stratified Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 9, no. 04 (August 1, 2006): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93394-pa.
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Summary The displacement of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in communicating stratified reservoirs with a log-normal permeability distribution is studied. Equations are derived for fractional oil recovery, water cut, injectivity ratio, and pseudorelative permeability functions, and the performance is compared with that for Newtonian fluids. Constant-injection-rate and constant-total-pressure-drop cases are studied. The effects of the following factors on performance are investigated: the flow-behavior indices, the apparent mobility ratio, the Dykstra-Parsons variation coefficient, and the flow rate. It was found that fractional oil recovery increases for nw > no and decreases for nw < no, as compared with Newtonian fluids. For the same ratio of nw /no, oil recovery increases as the apparent mobility ratio decreases. The effect of reservoir heterogeneity in decreasing oil recovery is more apparent for the case of nw > no . Increasing the total injection rate increases the recovery for nw > no, and the opposite is true for nw < no . It also was found that the fractional oil recovery for the displacement at constant total pressure drop is lower than that for the displacement at constant injection rate, with the effect being more significant when nw < no. Introduction Many of the fluids injected into the reservoir in enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR)/improved-oil-recovery (IOR) processes such as polymer, surfactant, and alkaline solutions may be non-Newtonian; in addition, some heavy oils exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. Flow of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media has been studied mainly for single-phase flow. Savins (1969) presented a comprehensive review of the rheological behavior of non-Newtonian fluids and their flow behavior through porous media. van Poollen and Jargon (1969) presented a finite-difference solution for transient-pressure behavior, while Odeh and Yang (1979) derived an approximate closed-form analytical solution of the problem. Chakrabarty et al. (1993) presented Laplace-space solutions for transient pressure in fractal reservoirs. For multiphase flow of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media, the problem was considered only for single-layer cases. Salman et al. (1990) presented the modifications for the Buckley-Leverett frontal-advance method and for the JBN relative permeability method for non-Newtonian power-law fluid displacing a Newtonian fluid. Wu et al. (1992) studied the displacement of a Bingham non-Newtonian fluid (oil) by a Newtonian fluid (water). Wu and Pruess (1998) introduced a numerical finite-difference solution for displacement of non-Newtonian fluids in linear systems and in a five-spot pattern. Yi (2004) developed a Buckley-Leverett model for displacement by a Newtonian fluid of a fracturing fluid having a Herschel-Bulkley rheological behavior. An iterative procedure was used to obtain a solution of the model. The methods available in the literature to predict linear waterflooding performance in stratified reservoirs are grouped into two categories depending on the assumption of communication or no communication between the different layers. In the case of noncommunicating systems, no vertical crossflow is permitted between the adjacent layers. The Dykstra-Parsons (1950) method is the basis for performance prediction in noncommunicating stratified reservoirs.
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Song, Young-Woong, Min-Kyu Song, Yoon Jeong Hyun, Daehwan Choi, and J. Y. Kwon. "Fluoropolymer Passivation Enhanced Switching Endurance of MoS2 Memristors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 18 (July 7, 2022): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01181029mtgabs.
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The advances in computing and mobile devices have realized massive generation, collection, and processing of data. The concept "Internet of things" and "Big data" have necessiated large-scale parallel processing, as computing of collected data is highly dependent on matrix multiplication process, which in inherently parallel. In this context, conventional machines are exhibiting their limits as they are unsuited for parallel processing, resulting in low performance and high power consumption [1]. The need for advances in parallel processing hardware is emerging. In this regard, memristors have gathered attention for their high potentials as parallel processing units. There have been reports of memristors with high on/off ratio, fine retention, high switching enderance, and fast switching spped, etc [2-4]. Memristor is a non-volatile memory which stores data as internal resistance, modulated by applied voltage. Even though memristors contain high capabilities for parallel processing, scaling of devices still remain as a challenge. Conventional materials have their limit for both lateral and vertical scaling. To achieve a major breakthrough, we have fabricated memristors based on 2D materials with atomic-scale thickness of ~ 7 nm [5]. As surface-to-volume ratio is high in 2D materials, they are chemically active, leading to susceptible properties to external environment and instability in fabricated devices with 2D materials. To compensate the drawback, we applied fluoropolymer passivation layer and obtained stable switching endurance for 100 potentiation & depression cycles with 25 states. For device fabrication, we used direct current sputtering & wet etching to pattern bottom Au/Cr (50/5 nm) electrodes. Molybdenum disulfide flakes were mechanically exfoliated from bulk mineral and dry-transferred onto bottom electrodes by PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) stamps. Top electrodes were patterned by photolithography & evaporation of Ni/Au (5/100 nm). With the introduction of 2D materials to next-generation electronics, memristors can be even more revolutionized towards extreme scaling of devices. By compensating susceptibility in the material itself and studying degradation mechanism, parallel computing would be realized away from power-plugged environment, and accelerate artificial intelligence in our everyday lives. Figure Caption Fig 1. Electrical characterization of the resistive switching MoS2 memristor with non-volatile memory behavior. (a) Semi-log plots of IV curve, resistive switching triggered by voltage sweeping. Inset: False-color SEM image of a fabricated device; scale bar: 4μm. (b) Scheme for pulse voltages (top), potentiation and depression of conductance states (bottom). (c) Encapsulation-enhanced switching stability of MoS2 memristors. Detailed illustration of 20 PD cycles in CYTOP-encapsulated (top) and bare devices (bottom). References [1] J. Backus, Can programming be liberated from the von neumann style? A functional style and its algebra of programs, Commun. ACM 21 (1978) 613–641. [2] J.J. Yang, D.B. Strukov, D.R. Stewart, Memristive devices for computing, Nat. Nanotechnol., 8 (2013) 13–24. [3] C.H. Kim, S. Lim, S.Y. Woo, W.M. Kang, Y.T. Seo, S.T. Lee, S. Lee, D. Kwon, S. Oh, Y. Noh, H. Kim, J. Kim, J.H. Bae, J.H. Lee, Emerging memory technologies for neuromorphic computing, Nanotechnology 30 (2019) 032001. [4] M.-K. Song, S.D. Namgung, D. Choi, H. Kim, H. Seo, M. Ju, Y.H. Lee, T. Sung, Y.- S. Lee, K.T. Nam, J.-Y. Kwon, Proton-enabled activation of peptide materials for biological bimodal memory, Nat. Commun. 11 (2020) 5896. [5] Y.-W. Song, M.-K. Song, D. Choi, J.-Y. Kwon, Encapsulation-enhanced switching stability of MoS2 memristors, J. Alloys Compd. 885 (2021) 161016. Figure 1
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Carpenter, Chris. "Cleaned Hydrophone Array Logging Data Aids Identification of Wellbore Leaks." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0722-0059-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201512, “Enhanced Wellbore-Leak Localization With Estimation and Removal of Guided Wave Noise Using Array Hydrophone Logging Data,” by Yao Ge, Ruijia Wang, and Yi Yang Ang, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Leaks in wellbore tubulars emit acoustic waves in the borehole that can be captured by a hydrophone array. Processing the array data yields location and energy level of the wellbore leaks; however, the hydrophones also may capture other coherent noise propagating as guided waves along the borehole. The complete paper describes an approach to estimate and subsequently remove the guided-wave noise from the hydrophone array data to improve the accuracy of leak-source locations. Estimating the propagation direction and amplitude of leak-induced guided waves aids logging operations to locate a leak source efficiently. Noise Logging and Well Integrity Well integrity has become a focused area for most operators given the long life cycle and complex structure of a wellbore. Noise-logging tools have been developed to detect flow or leak in a wellbore. A typical noise-logging tool consists of one or two acoustic sensors logged through the depth of the well that produce the amplitude and frequency spectrum-log of the received acoustic signals. A noise-logging tool usually operates in two modes—the continuous (or dynamic) mode and the stationary mode. In the continuous mode, the tool usually is logged through all accessible depths at a constant speed. Based on the data from the continuous pass, specific depths are identified and additional stationary mode passes are performed to stop the tool at selected depths and acquire higher-quality data. A major issue of the data from continuous logging is the presence of road noise, which is created by the centralizer, cable, or any part of the tool strings scratching against the casing or tubing. To reduce the effect of the road noise, a high-pass filter usually is applied to remove the signal from the lower-frequency range corresponding to the range of the road noise. However, this procedure could affect the quality of the leak signal when a portion of the leak signal lies in the lower-frequency range. The logging data taken when the tool is stationary for 1 minute or more at a target depth is free from road noise, but this approach prolongs logging time and limits depth resolution. Aside from road noise, other forms of propagating noise exist in the wellbore, such as noise from surface or downhole equipment or propagating noise induced by a leak source. Road noise and all forms of propagating noises are referred to as guided-wave noise in the complete paper. The guided waves usually propagate along the borehole’s axis for a long distance with low attenuation. However, traditional noise-logging tools with one or more omnidirectional hydrophones are unable to distinguish guided-wave noise from leak signals. Recent advances in noise-logging-tool design use array hydrophones to provide not only depth but also radial location of downhole leaks. The array hydrophones also enable an advanced array-processing method to measure and suppress the guided-wave noise.
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Shen, Pingping, Jialu Wang, Shiyi Yuan, Taixian Zhong, and Xu Jia. "Study of Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Mechanism of Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding in Porous Media From Experiments." SPE Journal 14, no. 02 (May 31, 2009): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/126128-pa.
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Summary The fluid-flow mechanism of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in porous media by alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is investigated by measuring the production performance, pressure, and saturation distributions through the installed differential-pressure transducers and saturation-measurement probes in a physical model of a vertical heterogeneous reservoir. The fluid-flow variation in the reservoir is one of the main mechanisms of EOR of ASP flooding, and the nonlinear coupling and interaction between pressure and saturation fields results in the fluid-flow variation in the reservoir. In the vertical heterogeneous reservoir, the ASP agents flow initially in the high-permeability layer. Later, the flow direction changes toward the low- and middle-permeability layers because the resistance in the high-permeability layer increases on physical and chemical reactions such as adsorption, retention, and emulsion. ASP flooding displaces not only the residual oil in the high-permeability layer but also the remaining oil in the low- and middle-permeability layers by increasing both swept volume and displacement efficiency. Introduction Currently, most oil fields in China are in the later production period and the water cut increases rapidly, even to more than 80%. Waterflooding no longer meets the demands of oilfield production. Thus, it is inevitable that a new technology will replace waterflooding. The new technique of ASP flooding has been developed on the basis of alkali-, surfactant-, and polymer-flooding research in the late 1980s. ASP flooding uses the benefits of the three flooding methods simultaneously, and oil recovery is greatly enhanced by decreasing interfacial tension (IFT), increasing the capillary number, enhancing microscopic displacing efficiency, improving the mobility ratio, and increasing macroscopic sweeping efficiency (Shen and Yu 2002; Wang et al. 2000; Wang et al. 2002; Sui et al. 2000). Recently, much intensive research has been done on ASP flooding both in China and worldwide, achieving some important accomplishments that lay a solid foundation for the extension of this technique to practical application in oil fields (Baviere et al. 1995; Thomas 2005; Yang et al. 2003; Li et al. 2003). In previous work, the ASP-flooding mechanism was studied visually by using a microscopic-scale model and double-pane glass models with sand (Liu et al. 2003; Zhang 1991). In these experiments, the water-viscosity finger, the residual-oil distribution after waterflooding, and the oil bank formed by microscopic emulsion flooding were observed. In Tong et al. (1998) and Guo (1990), deformation, threading, emulsion (oil/water), and strapping were observed as the main mechanisms of ASP flooding in a water-wetting reservoir, while the interface-producing emulsion (oil/water), bridging between inner pore and outer pore, is the main mechanism of ASP flooding in an oil-wetting reservoir. For a vertical heterogeneous reservoir, ASP flooding increases displacement efficiency by displacing residual oil through decreased IFT, simultaneously improving sweep efficiency by extending the swept area in both vertical and horizontal directions. Some physical and chemical phenomena, such as emulsion, scale deposition, and chromatographic separation, occur during ASP flooding (Arihara et al. 1999; Guo 1999). Because ASP flooding in porous media involves many complicated physicochemical properties, many oil-recovery mechanisms still need to be investigated. Most research has been performed on the microscopic displacement mechanism of ASP flooding, while the fluid-flow mechanism in porous media at the macroscopic scale lacks sufficient study. In this paper, a vertical-heterogeneous-reservoir model is established, and differential-pressure transducers and saturation-measuring probes are installed. The fluid-flow mechanism of increasing both macroscopic sweep efficiency and microscopic displacement efficiency is studied by measuring the production performance and the variation of pressure and saturation distributions in the ASP-flooding experiment. An experimental database of ASP flooding also is set up and provides an experimental base for numerical simulation.
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BARLINA, RINDENGAN, STEIVIE KAROUW, RONALD HUTAPEA, and JUNIATI TOWAHA. "PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN AIR KELAPA DAN PENAMBAHAN DAGING KELAPA MUDA SERTA LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SERBUK MINUMAN KELAPA." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v13n2.2007.73-80.
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ABSTRAK<br />Air kelapa dan daging kelapa muda memiliki rasa dan aroma khas,<br />namun kelezatannya tidak bisa dinikmati setiap saat oleh setiap orang,<br />karena umur simpan kelapa muda terbatas dan sulitnya distribusi. Salah<br />satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperpanjang masa simpan dan<br />mempermudah distribusi adalah melalui proses pengeringan, misalnya<br />dengan spray drier. Bahan pangan yang dikeringkan dengan spray drier<br />harus berupa suspensi dan hasil akhir bentuk serbuk. Penelitian dilakukan<br />dengan mengeringkan campuran air kelapa dan daging buah kelapa muda<br />dengan spray drier. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh<br />perbandingan antara air kelapa dan daging buah kelapa muda terhadap<br />mutu serbuk minuman kelapa selama penyimpanan. Penelitian disusun<br />secara faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Faktor A, kematangan air<br />kelapa : (A1) tua dan (A2) muda. Faktor B, penambahan daging kelapa<br />muda : (B1) 15%, (B2) 20% dan (B3) 25%. Faktor C, lama penyimpanan:<br />(C1) 0 bulan, (C2) 1 bulan, dan (C3) 2 bulan., (C4) 3 bulan dan (C5) 4<br />bulan. Ulangan 2 kali. Pengamatan terdiri dari : kalium, serat pangan,<br />warna, aroma dan rasa, total mikroba, pH, total padatan, total asam dan<br />kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total padatan Serbuk Minuman<br />Kelapa (SMK) berkisar 7,59-9,50%, pH 4,94-5,35 dan total asam 25,85-<br />43,90. Serat pangan 4,70-5,54%, kalium tertinggi pada air kelapa tua<br />dengan penambahan daging kelapa muda 20%, yaitu 1.328,58 mg/100 g.<br />Sedangkan kadar air 5,15- 7,84%. Warna 3,617-3,719 (biasa sampai suka);<br />aroma 3,000 – 3,960 (biasa sampai suka), dan rasa manis 2,500-3,640<br />(suka). Total mikroba SMK 3,72- 4,43 log CFU/g. Kematangan air kelapa<br />berpengaruh terhadap kadar serat pangan. Penambahan daging kelapa<br />muda berpengaruh terhadap kadar serat pangan dan warna. Lama<br />penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap total padatan. Interaksi kematangan air<br />kelapa, penambahan daging kelapa muda dan lama penyimpanan ber-<br />pengaruh terhadap pH, total asam, aroma, rasa dan total mikroba.<br />Berdasarkan skor rasa, kadar air, kalium, serat pangan dan total mikroba,<br />maka SMK yang memiliki mutu baik dan berpotensi dikembangkan adalah<br />formula air kelapa tua dengan penambahan 20% daging kelapa muda.<br />Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, pengolahan, serbuk minuman,<br />Sulawesi Utara<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of coconut water and young coconut kernel ratio<br />and storage duration to the quality of coconut water<br />concentrate<br />Coconut water and young coconut kernel have unique flavor and<br />odour. Since these products can not be kept longer and distribution<br />problem, so both of them are not available everywhere and anytime.<br />Drying method with spray dryer equipment is a method to extend the<br />product life product. Generally, spray dryer is used to make some food<br />products in powder form deriving from suspension. Raw materials used in<br />this experiment were coconut water from both of young and mature nut<br />and young coconut kernel. The mixture was dried with spray dryer. The<br />objective of this research was to find out the effect of coconut water and<br />young coconut kernel ratio to the quality of coconut water concentrate<br />during storage. The experiment was arranged in factorial using completely<br />randomized design with 2 replications. Factor A was maturity of coconut<br />water consist of (A1) young coconut water and (A2) mature coconut<br />water. Factor B was ratio of young coconut kernel and coconut water :<br />(B1) 15%, (B2) 20%, (B3) 25%. Factor C was : storage duration consist<br />of (C1) 0 month, (B2) 1 month, (B3) 2 months, (B4) 3 months and (B5) 4<br />months. The variables were observed as follow : kalium content, fiber<br />content, colour, flavor, odour, total plate count, acidity, total soluble solid,<br />total acid and water content. The results showed that coconut water<br />concentrate had 7.59-9.50% of total soluble solid, acidity (pH) 4.94-5.35<br />and total acid 25.85-43.90. By using 20% young coconut kernel in mature<br />coconut water obtained product with fiber content about 4.70-5.54% and<br />highest potassium content around 1,328.58 mg/100g. Score of organoleptic<br />test as follow : colur is 3.617-3.719 (neither like nor dislike), odour is<br />3.00-3.96 (neither like nor dislike to like) and flavor is sweet about 2.50-<br />3.96 (like). Total plate count of coconut water concentrate is about 3.72-<br />4.43 log CFU/g. Maturity of coconut water affected fiber content. Adding<br />young coconut kernel affected total soluble solid. Whereas interaction of<br />coconut water maturity, adding coconut kernel and storage duration<br />affected some variables like pH, total acid, odour, flavor and total plate<br />count. Based on the results of flavour, moisture content, potassium<br />content, fiber content and total plate count showed coconut water<br />concentrate had good quality. So it is potential to be developed. The best<br />formula is FORMULA E which was derived from mature coconut water<br />with 20% young coconut kernel.<br />Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, processing, concentrate drink,<br />North Sulawes
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"98/02621 Assessment and use of the Loy Yang brown coal for power generation." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 39, no. 4 (July 1998): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(98)96146-x.
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Schofield, Robyn, Steven Utembe, Caitlin Gionfriddo, Michael Tate, David Krabbenhoft, Samuel Adeloju, Melita Keywood, Roger Dargaville, and Mike Sandiford. "Atmospheric mercury in the Latrobe Valley, Australia: Case study June 2013." Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 9, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00072.
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Gaseous elemental mercury observations were conducted at Churchill, Victoria, in Australia from April to July, 2013, using a Tekran 2537 analyzer. A strong diurnal variation with daytime average values of 1.2–1.3 ng m–3 and nighttime average values of 1.6–1.8 ng m–3 was observed. These values are significantly higher than the Southern Hemisphere average of 0.85–1.05 ng m–3. Churchill is in the Latrobe Valley, approximately 150 km East of Melbourne, where approximately 80% of Victoria’s electricity is generated from low-rank brown coal from four major power stations: Loy Yang A, Loy Yang B, Hazelwood, and Yallourn. These aging generators do not have any sulfur, nitrogen oxide, or mercury air pollution controls. Mercury emitted in the 2015–2016 year in the Latrobe Valley is estimated to have had an externalized health cost of $AUD88 million. Air pollution mercury simulations were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecast model with Chemistry at 3 × 3 km resolution. Electrical power generation emissions were added using mercury emissions created from the National Energy Market’s 5-min energy distribution data. The strong diurnal cycle in the observed mercury was well simulated (R2 = .49 and P value = 0.00) when soil mercury emissions arising from several years of wet and dry deposition in a radius around the power generators was included in the model, as has been observed around aging lignite coal power generators elsewhere. These results indicate that long-term air and soil sampling in power generation regions, even after the closure of coal fired power stations, will have important implications to understanding the airborne mercury emissions sources.
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ZENG, C., H. WU, J. HAYASHI, and C. LI. "Effects of thermal pretreatment in helium on the pyrolysis behaviour of Loy Yang brown coal." Fuel, April 25, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.02.025.
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