Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lower Units

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lower Units'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lower Units"

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Bettner, Stefan, and Reinhard Schertz. "Lower powers of elliptic units." Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux 13, no. 2 (2001): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/jtnb.326.

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Seguin, Maurice K. "Palaeomagnetism of Lower Devonian units from Gaspé, Quebec." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 78, no. 1 (May 1986): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(86)90179-2.

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Chaudhuri, S., and R. A. Walker. "Computing lower bounds on functional units before scheduling." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 4, no. 2 (June 1996): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/92.502199.

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Liang, Zezhou, Lihe Yan, Jinhai Si, Pingping Gong, Xiaoming Li, Deyu Liu, Jianfeng Li, and Xun Hou. "Rational Design and Characterization of Symmetry-Breaking Organic Semiconductors in Polymer Solar Cells: A Theory Insight of the Asymmetric Advantage." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 6723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216723.

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Asymmetric molecule strategy is considered an effective method to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, nine oligomers are designed by combining three new electron-deficient units (unitA)—n1, n2, and n3—and three electron-donating units (unitD)—D, E, and F—with their π-conjugation area extended. The relationships between symmetric/asymmetric molecule structure and the performance of the oligomers are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD–DFT) calculations. The results indicate that asymmetry molecule PEn2 has the minimum dihedral angle in the angle between two planes of unitD and unitA among all the molecules, which exhibited the advantages of asymmetric structures in molecular stacking. The relationship of the values of ionization potentials (IP) and electron affinities (EA) along with the unitD/unitA π-extend are revealed. The calculated reorganization energy results also demonstrate that the asymmetric molecules PDn2 and PEn2 could better charge the extraction of the PSCs than other molecules for their lower reorganization energy of 0.180 eV and 0.181 eV, respectively.
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Tomita, Koshi, and Kouji Yamamuro. "Lower bounds for fundamental units of real quadratic fields." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 166 (June 2002): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000008230.

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AbstractLet d be a square-free positive integer and l(d) be the period length of the simple continued fraction expansion of ωd, where ωd is integral basis of ℤ[]. Let εd = (td + ud)/2 (> 1) be the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field ℚ(). In this paper new lower bounds for εd, td, and ud are described in terms of l(d). The lower bounds of εd are sharper than the known bounds and those of td and ud have been yet unknown. In order to show the strength of the method of the proof, some interesting examples of d are given for which εd and Yokoi’s d-invariants are determined explicitly in relation to continued fractions of the form .
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Wanas, H. A. "The Lower Paleozoic rock units in Egypt: An overview." Geoscience Frontiers 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2011.06.004.

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Plakht, Josef. "Pebble units in the lower Nahal Zin area: Environmental interpretation." Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/j38d-1wpt-aaj2-blc2.

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Papavassiliou, G. C. "Synthetic Three-and Lower-Dimensional Semiconductors Based on Inorganic Units." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 286, no. 1 (July 1996): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259608042291.

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Nikolov, Todor, Nikolina Ruskova, and Khrischo Khrischev. "Principles of the Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy in Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 21, no. 6 (December 30, 1991): 3–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.21.6.3.

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The Lower Cretaceous deposits are widespread in North Bulgaria: in the Fore-Balkan, the Transitional Zone, and the Moesian Platform. The scheme of the formal lithostratigraphic units includes 37 Formations and has been elaborated for all this territory on the basis of outcrops and numerous boreholes. Four Groups (West-Balkan Carbonatic Group, Central-Balkan Flysch Group, Vraca Urgonian Group and Loveč Urgonian Group) consist of 19 Formations, and the other 18 Formations are independent. A total of 15 Members has been introduced within 9 of the Formations. The composition and interrelations of tbe lithostratigraphic units reflect the inhomogeneities and the different tendencies of the development of tile Early Cretaceous basin. The most expressive facies boundary in the west-east direction is the so-called Jablanica Line. West of it, carbonatic and marly deposits predominate in the Fore-Balkan. The carbonatic Formations belong to the West-Balkan Carbonatic Group and the Vraca Urgonian Group. The Salaš Formation is built up of clayey limestones and marls, and is widespread in the West Fore-Balkan, as well as in the western part of .the Moesian Platform. The asymmetry of the basin with a dry land as source region to the south of it, is clearly outlined to the east of the Jablanica Line, within: the Central and East Fore-Balkan and the adjacent Transitional Zone. This character of the basin controlled a facies differentiation with development of predominantly terrigeneous units in the south, and of carbonatic and marly units, to the north. This difference is expressed at its best at the lower levels of the Lower Cretaceous where units of the Central-Balkan Flysch Group are interfingering with units of the West-Balkan Carbonatic Group. The lateral transition takes place within the Transitional Zone. At higher stratigrapic levels (Hauterivian - Aptian) the asymmetry is expressed into a horizontal transition of terrigenous non-flysch deposits (Kamchija Formation and Roman Formation) with predominantly marly deposits (Gorna-Orjahovica and Trâmbeš Formations) to the north. A specific feature is the presence of Urgonian deposits in the Transitional Zone (Loveč Urgonian Group). At both sides of its development area, fans of the terrigeneous deposits of the Roman Formation are traced towards north. They are bounded to the Iskar (at the west) and Etar (to the east) depressions. Urgonian limestones occur also within the Moesian Platform in the area of Ruse (Ruse Formation). The highest (Albian) levels of the Lower Cretaceous section have been observed only in northwest Bulgaria. They are represented by the marls of the Sumer Formation, the glauconitic predominantly sandy deposits of Malo Peštene Formation, and the marls of Rabiša Formation.
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Loescher, A. R., and P. P. Robinson. "Receptor characteristics of periodontal mechanosensitive units supplying the cat's lower canine." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.4.971.

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1. Forces have been applied to the lower canine teeth of cats, and the range of directions over which single periodontal mechanoreceptors are sensitive (arc of sensitivity) has been determined. We have further studied the response of each unit to forces applied in the direction of maximum sensitivity and investigated whether there is any relationship between the properties of the unit and its location within the periodontal ligament. 2. Recordings were made from 91 single units dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve in six cats. The mean arc of sensitivity to a 0.5 N force applied at right angles to the long axis of the tooth was 312 degrees. The arc of sensitivity was dependent on the force applied and the threshold of the receptor. 3. More units responded maximally to forces applied in a distolingual direction than would have been expected had the responses been evenly distributed around the tooth. Thirty-four of the units were bidirectionally sensitive, 28 became active when the force was removed, and 20 were spontaneously active. 4. The force threshold decreased with increasing rates of force application. 5. The majority of the units (81%) were slowly adapting. The rapidly adapting units had significantly higher force thresholds. 6. Twenty-eight of the receptors could be localized in the periodontal ligament after removing bone overlying the tooth root. There was no apparent relationship between the distance of the receptor from the fulcrum and its arc of sensitivity, threshold, maximum frequency of discharge, or adaptation properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lower Units"

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Zuchuat, Valentin. "A Sedimentary Investigation of the Lower Triassic Formations and their Underlying Permo-Carboniferous Units across Spitsbergen, Svalbard." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for geologi og bergteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25431.

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This study documents and discusses the detailed sedimentology of the lowermost strata of the Triassic Vikinghøgda Fm. and Vardebukta Fm., and their underlying units, which belong (i) to the Permian Kapp Starostin Fm. in central and western Spitsbergen, and (ii) to the Lower Carboniferous Hornsundneset and Sergeevfjellet fms in south Spitsbergen.Together with a high-resolution sampling for further palynological and isotopic analysis purposes, nine detailed sedimentary sections have been measured and logged at Marmierfjellet, Høgskulefjellet, Kongressfjellet in central Spitsbergen, at Festningen in western Spitsbergen, and at Kovalevskajafjellet, Lidfjellet and Sergeevfjellet on the Sørkapp-Hornsund High. Logs and samples GPS coordinates have been recorded using the UTM 33x grid zone. Fossils and trace fossils have been determined and dated with the assistance of Prof. Hans Arne Nakrem (University of Oslo) and Nils-Martin Hanken (University of Tromsø). Based on the field data and the 19 targeted thin sections analyses, 17 sedimentary facies have been identified after sedimentary textures, structures and composition of the different rocks. They have been grouped into four facies associations, based on the vertical and lateral genetic relations of sedimentary facies, in order to determine and interpret their respective depositional environments, as follow: (i) Braided river, (ii) “Cold” offshore transition, (iii) Upper shoreface shallow marine and (iv) “Warm” water offshore transition.The topmost strata of the Kapp Starostin Fm. suggest a lateral shallowing-up trend within their depositional environment, with the appearance of storm-influenced beds and a lower spiculitic content towards the east. The boundary between the Kapp Starostin Fm. and the Vardebukta/Vikinghøgda fms, interpreted as a major transgressive event throughout the correlated sections of the arctic, shows no evidence of any break in the sedimentation, and display an unexpected “apparent” shallowing-up sequence, which contradicts the typical deepening-up scheme observed in text-book-like transgressive deposits. The occurrence of a fast transgression at the base of the Vardebukta/Vikinghøgda fms could explain the existence of such a sequence at this boundary. This study also shows the occurrence of major thickness variations within the Deltadalen Mb. between Marmierfjellet and Kongressfjellet in central Spitsbergen, which could be due to the existence of unmapped, low angle thrusts within the Triassic shales of the Vikinghøgda Fm.On the Sørkapp-Hornsund High, the conglomeratic Brevassfjellet Beds and the Myalina limestones of Dienerian age overlie (i) the Lower Carboniferous Hornsundneset Fm. at Lidfjellet, and (ii) the Sergeevfjellet Fm. at Sergeevfjellet and Kovalevskajafjellet. The soft shales of the Vardebukta Fm. cap these conglomeratic beds. Both Brevassfjellet Beds and Myalina limestones show both lateral and vertical differences in their internal architecture, as a consequence of spatial and temporal amplitude, and frequency variations of the flow energy. Also, this thesis suggests five amendments to the existing C13G geological map of the Hornsund area: (i) extension of the Hornsundneset Fm. to the boundary with the Triassic sediments at the foot of the northern ridge of Lidfjellet, (ii) the occurrence of the Sergeevfjellet Fm. between the Hornsundneset Fm. and the Brevassfjellet Beds on Kovalevskajafjellet, (iii) the relocation of the normal fault mapped on northern ridge of Sergeevfjellet to its southern ridge (iv) the mapping of a normal fault on Savičtoppen in the continuation of the normal fault existing on Sergeevfjellet, and (v) the existence of two unmapped thrusts on the western slopes of Sergeevfjellet.
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Davis, Colter R. "Sequence Stratigraphy, Chemostratigraphy, and Biostratigraphy of Lower Ordovician units in Northeastern and Western Central Utah: Regional Implications." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5879.

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The Lower to Middle Ordovician Garden City Formation and Pogonip Group are coeval successions of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic rocks deposited under normal marine conditions on a shallow carbonate ramp on the western margin of Laurentia. The Garden City Formation was deposited in the Northern Utah Basin and the Pogonip Group was deposited in the Ibex Basin. These two basins experienced different rates of thermal subsidence following Neoproterozoic rifting along the western margin of Laurentia resulting in significant thickness differences between rock units and varying lithologic expressions of eustatic change. This study provides a unique opportunity to examine the lithologic, geochemical, and paleontological responses to eustatic oscillations of two coeval sedimentary basins in Utah that formed under different tectonic settings and subsidence rates. The Garden City Formation is composed of fourteen lithotypes and the Pogonip Group is composed of eleven lithotypes. These lithotypes mainly represent depositional environments ranging from inner ramp and middle ramp with minor outer ramp deposits. Many lithologies appear to be storm influenced due to the presence of abundant rip-up clasts (intraclasts), fragmented bioclasts, and occasional mega-ripples. Other lithologies have been extensively bioturbated and burrowed. Nine stratigraphic sequences have previously been identified within the Pogonip Group. Eight equivalent, albeit compressed, sequences within the Garden City Formation were located using biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic correlations, and increases in insoluble residues often found at the bases of sequence boundaries. Sequences are expressed as deepening-upward packages containing silty/sandy lowstand deposits that transition into wackestones and lime mudstone-rich highstand deposits. Several sequence boundaries appear to coincide with conodont and/or trilobite extinction events. Important sequence boundaries mark the Sauk III-m and Sauk IV-m transition and the Ibexian- Whiterockian Series boundary. Meter-scale cycles are common and likely related to Milankovitch cyclicity. Insoluble residue increases upsection at each location which may indicate a gradual overall drop in sea level due to the onset of the regressive upper portion of the Sauk III supersequence. Insoluble residue from the Pogonip Group ranges from 1.2 to 84.7 wt. % with an average of 16.0 wt. % ± 0.7 wt. %. Insoluble residue from the Garden City Formation ranges from 1.5 to 63.8 wt. % with an average of 13.4 wt. % ± 1.0 wt. %. New stable carbon isotope data (δ13C) from the Garden City Formation and the Pogonip Group range from -2.92 to 1.23 ‰ V-PDB and -2.19 to 0.56 ‰ V-PDB, respectively. Four distinct δ13C trends are recognized in both sections: 1) a drop in δ13C from positive values between 0.2-1.0 ‰ to negative values approaching -1.0 ‰ near the base of the Ordovician, 2) a 0.5 to 1.0 ‰ positive δ13C excursion near the top of the Rossodus manitouensis Zone, 3) a drop in δ13C values to near -2.0 ‰ through most of the Acodus deltatus –Oneotodus costatus Zone, and 4) a gradual increase in δ13C from - 2.0 ‰ to -1.0 ‰ throughout the remainder of the sections. δ13C of the Garden City Formation and the Pogonip Group appear to be correlative based on these distinct trends. This correlative relationship was verified by the lowest occurrence of conodont species Scolopodus filosus and Scalpellodus n. sp. A of the Low Diversity Interval which coincides with the positive δ13C excursion in both the Garden City Formation and the Pogonip Group. New δ13C data likely represent global primary seawater chemistry based on the correlation of similar δ13C trends from the Argentine Precordillera and western Newfoundland.
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Lindsey, Meghan Marie. "Detailed Stratigraphy and Geochemistry of Lower Mount Rogers Formation Metavolcanic Units Exposed on Elk Garden Ridge, VA." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1698.

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The lower Mount Rogers Formation (LMRF) is described by Rankin (1993) as a sequence of intercalated metabasalts and volcanogenic sediments with minor metarhyolite. We have chosen to examine the sequence of the LMRF units exposed along Elk Garden Ridge, a high shoulder between the summits of Whitetop Mountain and Mount Rogers in the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area in SW Virginia. This sequence represents an uplifted block of LMRF units enclosed by exposures of Whitetop and Wilburn metarhyolites. In the field, progressive lithologic changes can be observed walking up-section along Elk Garden ridge that are indicative of changes in lava compositions and eruptive environments. From the bottom of the section, massive basalts with distinctive 1-2 cm long swallowtail plagioclase phenocrysts grade into vesicular basalts, then into sheet flow basalts, followed by a thick sequence of aphyric and amygdaloidal pillow basalts. Further up section, eruptive products transition into rhyolitic ignimbrites and ash and lapilli tuffs. Boulders of cobble conglomerates near the middle of the sequence and sedimentary layers in between individual sheet flows suggest short periods of relative eruptive quiescence. The only unit broken out in the LMRF by Rankin (1993), Fees Rhyolite, is not observed in the field area, suggesting local differences in topography, eruptive products and eruptive styles across the outcrop area during the deposition of these eruptive products. Petrographically, the rocks reflect the regional greenschist facies metamorphic conditions with chlorite and epidote as primary metamorphic minerals, and unakite-like zones of mineralization. Relict plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts persist, as do primary igneous textures and structures. Compositionally, all of the rocks in the Elk Garden Ridge sequence are strongly enriched in alkali metals, with elevated Na2O and K2O contents, and high TiO2 in the basalts. Major and trace element systematics suggest that the chemical signatures of the metabasalts are primary controlled by shallow-level crystallization processes. The LMRF metabasalts share many compositional affinities with later (~570 Ma) rift-related basalts preserved in the Appalachians, suggesting that all of these lavas were formed by melting of a compositionally uniform mantle source, followed by shallow crystallization, despite being separated from one another by large stretches of time and space.
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Kim, Tae Hoon. "Age-related Differences in Rhythmic Coordination in Golf." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253573217.

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Khademi, Gholamreza. "Design and Optimization of Locomotion Mode Recognition for Lower-Limb Amputees with Prostheses." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1568747409603973.

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Wileman, Taylor. "Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units in obtaining a lower limb stiffness running measure in high-level track and field athletes." Master's thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2020. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/7279e06f2ac834540f6e9ef47f9d47697f9a4c6d5b16ea85dd538efe63e0182c/2760248/Wileman_2020_Validity_and_reliability_of_inertial_measurement.pdf.

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Introduction: Recent developments in inertial sensor technology mean real time monitoring and tracking of athletes in the daily training environment is now a possibility. Such developments have the potential for injury prevention and performance maximisation. Stiffness of the lower limb has known links to performance and injury risk; however, these measures have so far been limited to laboratory-based settings. Application of current sensor technology has the potential for ongoing stiffness assessment not only in the laboratory but also in the daily training environment. Actual training monitoring and changes to the way an athlete deals with loading (leg stiffness) on a regular basis could provide vital feedback to athletes, coaches, medical and support staff allowing for effective systems to be put in place to ensure athletes reach their potential. Study 1: The first aim of this thesis was to review existing literature surrounding the longitudinal assessment of lower limb stiffness in adult athletic populations. A systematic review was conducted which initially produced 630 results before being reduced to 6 for final analysis, highlighting the lack of research in this area. Data extracted focused on the population, methodologies and key findings of each study. The results concluded that the longitudinal assessment of lower limb stiffness had so far been isolated to laboratory-based settings and predominately measured through simple vertical hopping and jump tasks in the specific sporting population of Australian Rules Football players. From the results, the need for a field-based measure of lower limb stiffness was identified in order for stiffness to be assessed at more regular intervals to better understand the prospective links between lower limb stiffness, performance and injury. Study 2: Based on the findings from study 1, the primary aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable field-based measure of lower limb stiffness in high-level track and field athletes during running (a task reflective of training and competition) using inertial measurement units. Nineteen high-level track and field athletes completed six running gait trials at a pace reflective of their event during competition. Data was captured using a fourteen-camera motion analysis system (250Hz), a force plate (1000Hz) and three inertial measurement units (500Hz). The gold standard stiffness measures from the motion analysis system were than compared with the stiffness measures derived from the inertial measurement units. Poor validity was found between the gold standard stiffness measures and the measures derived from the inertial measurement units. In addition, the results demonstrated that the data output from the inertial measurement units were not reliable when substituted into the existing measures of stiffness, warranting the need for further research. Conclusion: This thesis makes a novel contribution to the assessment of lower limb stiffness in athletic populations. Although a valid and reliable measure of lower limb stiffness using inertial measurement units still needs to be established, it is hoped that this research is the first step in developing a daily monitoring tool which may provide a proactive approach in managing an athlete’s response to load. However, further refinements to the algorithm and developments in inertial sensor technology are required before this technology can be considered for use outside the traditional laboratory setting.
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Johnson, Alexa. "CONNECTING THE PIECES: HOW LOW BACK PAIN ALTERS LOWER EXTREMITY BIOMECHANICS AND SHOCK ATTENUATION IN ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/58.

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Low back pain in collegiate athletes has been reported at a rate of 37% from a wide array of sports including soccer, volleyball, football, swimming, and baseball. Whereas, in a military population the prevalence of low back pain is 70% higher than the general population. Compensatory movement strategies are often used as an attempt to reduce pain. Though compensatory movement strategies may effectively reduce pain, they are often associated with altered lower extremity loading patterns. Those who suffer from chronic low back pain tend to walk and run slower and with less trunk and pelvis coordination and variability. Individuals with low back pain also tend to run with more stiffness in their knees. Moving with less joint coordination and more stiffness are potential compensatory movement patterns acting as a guarding mechanism for pain. Overall the purpose of this project was to determine how chronic low back pain influences lower extremity biomechanics and shock attenuation in active individuals compared to healthy individuals and examine how the altered lower extremity biomechanics are related to clinical outcome measures. We hypothesized that individuals who present with chronic low back pain are more likely to exhibit higher vertical ground reaction forces and less knee flexion excursion during landing, compared to healthy individuals. We also hypothesized that individuals with chronic low back pain will have a reduced ability to attenuate shock during landing compared to the healthy individuals. This study was a case control design in which physically active individuals suffering from chronic low back pain were matched to healthy controls. All participants reported for one testing session to assess self-perceived knee function in the form of the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), lower extremity strength and mechanics during three landing tasks. Isometric strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer during hip abduction, hip extension, and knee extension. The landing tasks included a drop vertical jump, a single leg hop, and a crossover hop. A three-dimensional motion analysis system with two in-ground force plates and four inertial measurement units were used to assess lower extremity mechanics during the landing tasks. Individuals with low back pain presented with reduced KOOS scores compared to healthy individuals in four of the five subscales, including Symptoms (p=0.007), Pain (p=0.002), Activities of Daily Living (p=0.021), and Quality of Life (p=0.003). Alternatively, while there were some strength, kinematic, and kinetic between limb asymmetries noted in the low back pain group, there were not between group differences with the healthy individuals. In the low back pain group, individuals presented with greater dominant limb knee extension strength (p=0.039) and greater dominant limb ankle plantarflexion at initial contact during the drop vertical jump, compared to the non-dominant limb (p=0.022). Individuals with low back pain also presented with greater non-dominant limb tibia impact during the single limb hop (p=0.008). While we did not identify any mechanical differences between individuals suffering from chronic low back pain and those who do not, we did identify that an active population suffering from low back pain does present with decreased self-perceived knee function compared to active individuals without low back pain. As these groups biomechanically perform similarly, they do not clinically perform the same, specifically, in terms of the KOOS. Such differences should not be overlooked when treating active populations with low back pain. If this population is presenting with altered self-perceived knee function at a young age, it is likely that it will continue to decline and negatively affect their function.
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Barrois, Rémi. "Gait quantitative phenotyping of brain-injured subjects : gait measurement in the doctor’s office using inertial measurement units." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB008/document.

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Si les neurosciences connaissent d’importants progrès dans l’imagerie et le génotypage, le phénotypage repose encore largement sur des échelles visuelles. Le phénotype chez l’homme repose principalement sur son style perceptivo-moteur qui donne une empreinte à la marche, la posture, l’équilibre, l’habilité des membres supérieurs, les mouvements oculaires etc. La marche, fonction complexe et fondamentale de l’être humain, implique l’ensemble du système musculo-squelettique, le système nerveux central et périphérique ainsi que les organes sensoriels. Elle est le produit d’un patron de marche automatique et inconscient modulé par le tronc cérébral, les noyaux gris centraux et par des retours sensitifs (visuels, proprioceptives, vestibulaires et épicritiques). Enfin, la marche est aussi sous contrôle volontaire. Le phénotypage quantitatif de la marche suppose la construction préalable de bases de données de signaux de marche d’un nombre élevé (centaines) de sujets et de patients. Ceci peut être mené à bien grâce à des outils de mesure simples d’utilisation et adaptés à la pratique médicale de routine. Il existe plusieurs moyens pour phénotyper la marche mais le capteur inertiel, en raison de son prix, de sa souplesse d’utilisation et de l’accès aux données brutes est un outil particulièrement adapté pour l’étude de la marche en consultation de routine. Les capteurs inertiels permettent le calcul de nombreux paramètres. L’exercice de marche de 10 m aller/retour à vitesse de confort départ arrêté donne accès aux différentes phases de la marche (initiation, croisière, demi-tour) dans des conditions de consultation de routine. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’approcher les mécanismes d’adaptation des personnes à des perturbations à différents niveaux anatomiques des structures impliquées dans la marche. Nous abordons cette question par un phénotypage quantitatif à partir du signal de capteurs inertiels recueilli sur des patients au cours d’un exercice de marche de 10 m aller/retour en consultation clinique de routine. Nous avons étudié successivement la marche de patients atteints d’arthrose du membre inférieur comme modèle d’adaptation de la marche à la douleur, puis la marche dans la maladie de Parkinson comme modèle d’atteinte du système de la mise en place des procédures motrices, enfin, la locomotion des patients hémiparétiques à la suite d’un accident vasculaire cérébral hémisphérique comme modèle d’atteinte de la commande volontaire. Nous montrons que la douleur dans l’arthrose du membre inférieur mène à une rigidification globale de la cinématique corporelle. Cette rigidification est prépondérante sur le membre atteint. Elle traduit la perte des synergies musculaires par la mise en place de boucle-réflexe anti-douleur. Nous démontrons que ces modifications sont corrélées à la sévérité clinique de l’arthrose. Pour analyser la régularité de la marche dans la maladie de Parkinson indépendamment des variabilités inter-individuelles du patron de marche nous avons développé un outil de visualisation de l’exercice de marche. La maladie de Parkinson affecte en particulier la régularité de la marche. Notre travail apporte la preuve que cette irrégularité est corrélée à la sévérité des symptômes chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson. Nous montrons enfin qu’une lésion du cortex dans l’accident vasculaire hémisphérique provoque un changement de stratégie dans le demi-tour. Comme d’autres, nous faisons l’hypothèse que les stratégies de demi-tours sont en partie stockées dans le cortex frontal et que les hémisphères droit et gauche ne jouent pas un rôle symétrique. Nous montrons que le choix de stratégie de demi-tour est corrélé avec la survenue de chutes à 6 mois et pourrait constituer un nouvel élément pour orienter la rééducation. (...)
In the field of neurosciences, significant improvement has been made in the last decades in imaging and genotyping. However, phenotyping remains stagnant at the state of visual observation or visual grading scales. The human phenotype is made up of locomotion (gait, posture and displacement of daily living), upper-limb fine and rough movements, eye movements, language, cognition and complex social behaviors. Gait is a central function in humans, implying volitional, emotional and automatic processes. It involves the whole musculoskeletal system as well as the central and the peripheral nervous system including sensory organs. Building a gait phenotyping system implies setting up a database of gait signals of many (hundreds) of subjects and patients. This goal can be achieved with user-friendly devices deployed in routine medical practice. For instance, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are a valid tool to measure spatio-temporal gait parameters and are adapted to routine medical use. The 10-meter walking test forward and back at self-selected walking speed is adapted to routine testing at the doctor’s office. It allows for measuring gait initiation, gait cruise, gait termination and a 180° turn. In that context, beyond technical challenges, the aim of this work was to address the question How does the central nervous system adapt to an external alteration on various levels in the command chain of gait? To answer this question, we studied sequentially the IMU signal of gait spatio-temporal kinematics in lower-limb osteoarthritis as a model of gait affected by pain, in Parkinson disease as a model of a lesion of the central nervous system muscle tone regulator and finally, in post-hemispheric stroke as a model of lesions of brain structures responsible for volitional locomotion. Secondary clinical questions were How can the severity of a disease be objectively graded with gait kinematics? and How can locomotion kinematics participate in the fall risk prediction in frail populations? In osteoarthritis, we showed that pain in lower-limb osteoarthritis led to a global stiffness of the body during locomotion. This stiffness was preponderant on the affected limbs and led to the loss of muscular synergies by the establishment of anti-pain reflexes as a reaction to pain. This change was correlated with the severity of lower-limb osteoarthritis. In Parkinson disease, to analyze gait regularity independently from inter-individual gait signature, we constructed a novel gait visualization tool and show that a lesion of the muscle tone regulator in Parkinson disease affects gait regularity. This regularity was associated with disease symptoms. Finally, in stroke, we showed that a lesion in the cortex implied a change in the 180° turning stepping, a volitional task. In line with other authors, we hypothesized that locomotion patterns could be generated in the frontal cortex and that the right and left frontal cortex did not have a symmetric role. We showed specific stepping patterns associated more with risk of fall, which could constitute a new argument to orientate rehabilitation. Altogether then, this work suggests that simple measuring hardware (here IMUs), with appropriate signal processing, allowed for decomposing and quantifying complex behavioral tasks (here locomotion) in daily hospital settings
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Erol, Umit Levent. "DEVELOPMENT OF A LOWER EXTREMITY EXOSKELETON POWER UNIT." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619385500249639.

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Connerton, Michael J. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PLANETARY STYLE POWER UNIT FOR A LOWER EXTREMITY EXOSKELETON." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1560270030843062.

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Books on the topic "Lower Units"

1

Hepworth, Dale K. Lower Sevier and Lower Beaver drainages management plan, hydrologic units 16030005 and 16030008. Salt Lake City, Utah: Utah Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, 2007.

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A, Jones M. Delineation of hydrogeologic units in the lower Dungeness River Basin, Clallam County, Washington. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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A, Jones M. Delineation of hydrogeologic units in the lower Dungeness River Basin, Clallam County, Washington. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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A, Jones M. Delineation of hydrogeologic units in the lower Dungeness River Basin, Clallam County, Washington. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Ottenbacher, Michael J. Upper Virgin, Fort Pierce Wash, Lower Virgin drainages management plan hydrologic units 1501008, 15010009, 15010010. Salt Lake City, Utah: Utah Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, 2007.

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Health, Uganda Ministry of. Guidelines on the use of conditional grants for lower level NGO health units from the poverty action fund. Kampala]: The Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Health, 1999.

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Blight, D. F. Economic potential of the lower Fortescue Group and adjacent units in the southern Hamersley Basin: A study of depositional environments. Perth: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1985.

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Powars, David S. The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geological framework and correlation of hydrogeologic units of the Lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia. Washington, [D.C]: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Frankel, Richard J. Evaluation of pilot water treatment units using inexpensive local material as filter media for supplying drinking water to rural communities in the Lower Mekong Basin countries. Bangkok, Thailand: The Committee, 1989.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Fracture history of the Redwall Limestone, lower Supai Group, and Tertiary units on the Hualapai Indian Reservation, northwestern Arizona: Additional data to open-file report 87-359. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lower Units"

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Wang, Yan, Zhikang Li, Yuguo Chen, Wudai Liao, and Aihui Wang. "Human Gait Prediction for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Using Gated Recurrent Units." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 128–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4803-8_15.

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Naipauer, Maximiliano, Ezequiel García Morabito, Marcelo Manassero, Victor V. Valencia, and Victor A. Ramos. "A Provenance Analysis from the Lower Jurassic Units of the Neuquén Basin. Volcanic Arc or Intraplate Magmatic Input?" In The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes, 191–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3_8.

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Shi, Yunmei, Ning Li, and Shoulu Hou. "A Storage Scheme for Access Control Record Based on Consortium Blockchain." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 205–18. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_22.

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AbstractThe heterogeneous access control information scattered around different organizations or units is difficult to be gathered and audited, however, easy to be maliciously tampered. Aiming at the problems, this paper presents a blockchain-based storage scheme to store access control information, which can protect information privacy and facilitate the audit work. This is achieved by exploiting consortium blockchain, cryptography technology. Based on the scheme, we define the format of Access Control Record (ACR), design upload and download protocols, and realize the signature and encryption process for ACRs in a simulation environment. Theoretical analyses demonstrate that the proposed storage scheme needs lower storage cost and has higher efficiency compared with existing schemes, and can resist typical malicious attacks effectively.
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Liu, Haibo, Kangting Chen, Chao Qin, Minfang Huang, Liwei Ju, and Zhongfu Tan. "Optimization Model of Multitype Generating Units Based on the Latin Hypercube Sampling Method and Mean Lower Semiabsolute Deviation Theory." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mechatronics and Automatic Control, 521–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13707-0_57.

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Jönsson, Henrik, and Edward A. Silver. "Overview of a Stock Allocation Model for a Two-Echelon Push System Having Identical Units at the Lower Echelon." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 44–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51693-1_3.

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Satpaulina, Yeni Absah, and Rulianda Purnomo Wibowo. "Predictors and Impact of Openness to Change in Asset Management Contract (AMC) Implementation at the Electric Power Service Company." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 511–19. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_65.

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AbstractThe change strategy in asset management implementation is an effort made by the company to deal with the changing business environment. Management decisions with the asset management contract (AMC) mechanism are feared to impact employee satisfaction and employee continuance commitment. This study aims to examine (1) the effect of individual differences (self-esteem, optimism, perceived control) on employee openness in accepting changes in the reorganization of AMC implementation; (2) the effect of context-specific variables (information, participation, self-confidence) on employee openness in accepting changes in the reorganization of AMC implementation; (3) the effect of openness to change to employee job satisfaction; and (4) the effect of openness to change to continuance commitment. Data collection was done through a survey by distributing questionnaires. The subjects of this study were 155 employees from 477 employees in 3 (three) generating units. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The analysis results show that openness to change is successfully predicted from individual differences and context-specific variables (R2 = 0.650), and the job satisfaction and continuance commitment variables are also successfully predicted (R2 = 0.498 and 0.449). It is also found that the self-esteem, information, participation, and self-efficacy variables have positive and significant relationships to the level of openness to change. However, the optimistic variable and perceived control are found to have no significant relationship (p < 0.05). Three context-specific variables and an individual difference variable predict higher levels of acceptance of change, and lower levels of acceptance are associated with lower job satisfaction and lower employee continuance commitment.
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Fàbregas, N., A. Alcón, and A. Torres. "Lower Airway Infection." In Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit, 315–35. Milano: Springer Milan, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0361-x_15.

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Almirall, J., A. Liapikou, M. Ferrer, and A. Torres. "Lower Airway Infection." In Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit, 219–32. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1601-9_14.

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Humphreys, Hilary, Bob Winter, and Mical Paul. "Lower Respiratory Tract Infections." In Infections in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, 83–93. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4318-5_6.

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Wang, Fawu, and Kounghoon Nam. "Landslide Disasters Caused by the 2018 Eastern Iburi Earthquake in Hokkaido Japan and the Countermeasures to Completely Prevent the Similar Disasters in the Future." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 305–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_23.

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AbstractThe catastrophic 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake triggered thousands of shallow liquefied landslides in pyroclastic fall deposits one day after the passage of Typhoon Jebi. The landslides were highly mobile and had long runouts. This study reports novel findings pertaining to distinctive properties of the widely distributed, weathered Plinian Ta-d tephra deposit from Tarumae volcano and their impact on the spatial clustering of the Iburi landslides. Distribution of the landslides is positively correlated with the spatial distribution of the Ta-d tephra. Liquefaction occurred in the weathered Ta-d pumice that has lower soil strength than other local pumice units, despite the absence of unconfined groundwater. The volumetric soil moisture content of weathered Ta-d pumice is very high (> 90%) and exceeds other soil layers, regardless of precipitation variation. The presence of hydrated halloysite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The halloysite enhances the shaking-triggered liquefaction because it maintains weathered Ta-d pumice in a highly saturated and exceedingly loose state, even in the absence of unconfined groundwater.
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Conference papers on the topic "Lower Units"

1

Gonzalez, Isabel, Hichem Sahli, and Werner Verhelst. "Automatic recognition of lower facial action units." In the 7th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1931344.1931352.

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Hamdi, Mohammed M., Mohammed I. Awad, Magdy M. Abdelhameed, and Farid A. Tolbah. "Lower limb gait activity recognition using Inertial Measurement Units for rehabilitation robotics." In 2015 International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icar.2015.7251474.

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Feng, Wanxin, Runcai Zhao, Shuxian Ding, Yu Yu, and Fenglei Niu. "Multi-Units Nuclear Power Plant Site Initial Event Filtration." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-94324.

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Abstract At present, the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) method is mainly applied to a single unit, while actual nuclear power plants are usually multi-reactor sites. In the multi-unit level 1 probabilistic safety assessment study, the modeling workload is greatly increased. Also, it is necessary to consider the correlation between units, the probabilistic safety evaluation of multiple reactor sites is confronted with great challenges. Safety assessment of multi-unit sites should begin with a screening of the initial event, and not all events need to be analyzed by building an event tree. This paper described the classification status of initial events at multi-unit and calculated these events’ core damage frequency (CDF) upper and lower bounds. The upper limit of CDF is based on the assumption of complete dependence between units, and the lower limit is based on the assumption of complete independence between units. Taking a two-unit as an example, it screened the initial events and sorted out the characteristics of accidents. We assume that the time limit for simultaneous accidents of two units is 24 hours. The results show that the loss-of-offsite-power (LOOP), loss of heat trap and other events are suitable for modeling and analysis. In addition, given the analysis suggestions for other accidents combined with their characteristics. The analytical methods and results provide the basis for the multi-unit Probabilistic Safety Assessment modeling.
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Li, Tong, Lei Wang, Qingguo Li, and Tao Liu. "Lower-Body Walking Motion Estimation Using Only Two Shank-Mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)." In 2020 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961.

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Zhang, Yaodong, Kiarash Adl, and James Glass. "Fast spoken query detection using lower-bound Dynamic Time Warping on Graphical Processing Units." In ICASSP 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6289085.

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Wu, Xianda, Zhihao Zhou, and Qining Wang. "Real-Time Kinematics Measurement of Human Lower-Limb Underwater Motions Based on Inertial Units." In 2021 27th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/m2vip49856.2021.9665010.

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Emery, David, Loic Ferron, Jean Claude Naudin, Pierre Armand Thomas, and Philippe Weber. "Mating of the Topsides Onto the Lower Hull: P52 Semi-Submersible." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57869.

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Since the early 80’s, Technip has developed a special technology, called the UNIDECK® concept, for the float over installation of topsides. This method has been used for platform installations in benign areas such as the Persian Gulf or Far East Asia and in particular, in difficult sea conditions such as the long period swells occurring in West Africa. Based on its extensive experiences for topsides’ float over installation over more than twenty years, Technip has recently adapted this proven technology to semi-submersible units for their assembly by a mating operation of the topsides onto the lower hull. This paper gives an overview of the technical aspects involved in a mating operation of two floating units through a description of the operation performed for Petrobras’ P52 semi-submersible in June 2006.
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Siemers, W. T., and W. M. Ahr. "Reservoir Facies, Pore Characteristics, and Flow Units: Lower Permian Chase Group, Guymon-Hugoton Field, Oklahoma." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/20757-ms.

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Li, Gen, Shan Zheng, Akifumi Yamaji, Daotong Chong, and Junjie Yan. "Investigation on Accident Progression and Melt Behavior at the Fukushima Daiichi Units 1 and 2 Using MELCOR Code." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66389.

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The accident progression and melt behavior at the Fukushima Daiichi Units 1 and 2 were investigated using MELCOR 2.1. In the modeling the lower head failure mechanism by penetration tube rupture and ejection was modeled. In the modeling of Unit 2, according to the latest findings by TEPCO investigation, the possibilities of torus room flooding, RCIC piping leakage and thermal stratification in suppression pool were taken into account. The analysis results indicate that for Unit 1 when considering penetration tube failure, a part of debris still remained in the lower head after debris discharge; otherwise all the debris discharged out. The present MELCOR modeling of Unit 2 well reproduced the RPV and PCV pressure. A part of the core was damaged and the debris that slumped into the lower head was sufficiently cooled down. The pressure vessel kept intact.
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Goebel, Summer, and Colin R. Criminger. "Performance Experienced From Switching Copper Condenser Tubing to a High Performance Stainless." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54828.

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Over a period of five years, the condensers of two sister 500 MW Units, in the Midwest, were retubed using a SEA-CURE® S44660 material. S44660 is a high alloy, super ferritic stainless steel. The S44660 material replaced the original Admiralty and copper/nickel condenser tubing. Several factors contributed to the decision to use S44660 as the condenser tube material. The critical factor in the decision was a pending lower copper discharge limit in the plant’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The plant was unable to meet the lower copper limits with copper condenser tube material. In service since the early 1970’s, Unit A and B condensers were subjected to conditions, including silting and operational upsets, which negatively affected condenser performance. A third 500 MW sister Unit, Unit C, operational in the mid 80’s, experienced similar conditions. All three units are based load coal units and use cooling towers to cool the circulating water. The cooling tower make-up comes from the Arkansas River, which also receives the effluent from the plant. During the summer of 2011, shortly after the Unit B condenser retube, both A & B condensers showed degradation in performance. Through a series test and trials, the causes of degradation were identified and corrected. The cause was a combination of the tube material, lower river levels, higher than normal temperatures, macro fouling, and air in leakage.
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Reports on the topic "Lower Units"

1

Irwin, S. E. B., and M. J. Orchard. Upper devonian-lower carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy of the Earn Group and overlying units, northern Canadian Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132438.

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Bingham-Koslowski, N., S. Zhang, and T. McCartney. Lower Paleozoic strata in the Labrador-Baffin Seaway (Canadian margin) and Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321827.

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Lower Paleozoic strata occur offshore Labrador (Middle to Upper Ordovician), offshore Baffin Island in western Davis Strait (Upper Ordovician), as well as onshore Baffin Island (Cambrian to Silurian). Paleozoic carbonate rocks (limestone and dolostone units) dominate with occurrences of siliciclastic strata found in the offshore Labrador subsurface (in the Freydis B-87 well) and in outcrop on Baffin Island. In the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, Lower Paleozoic strata primarily exist as isolated erosional remnants, where historically, minimal effort has been made to correlate Paleozoic outliers due to their lateral discontinuity coupled with inconsistent age data. The Lower Paleozoic of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway and Baffin Island can be viewed as two subsets that do not appear to be correlatable: the southern Lower Paleozoic of the Labrador margin and the northern Lower Paleozoic of the southeastern Baffin Shelf and onshore Baffin Island.
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Cecile, M. P., B. S. Norford, G. S. Nowlan, and T. T. Uyeno. Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and geology, Richardson Mountains, Yukon (with stratigraphic and paleontological appendices). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329454.

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The Richardson Trough was a rift basin on the southern margin of an ancestral Iapetus Ocean. It was part of a complex paleogeography that included at least two major rift basins on western Franklinian and northern Cordilleran continental shelves. This paleogeography included the Ogilvie Arch, Porcupine Platform, Blackstone 'supra-basin', Babbage Basin, Husky Lakes Arch, Richardson Trough, Mackenzie Arch, Lac des Bois Platform, and the White Mountains and Campbell uplifts. The Richardson Trough was the failed arm of a triple rift system that formed when an early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed north of the trough. The Richardson Trough displays a classic 'steer's head' profile with two rift fill cycles. The first features late early to middle late Cambrian rifting and late late Cambrian to late Early Ordovician post-rift subsidence; the second, late Early Ordovician to early Silurian rifting and late early Silurian to early Middle Devonian post-rift subsidence. Lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the Richardson Trough range in age from middle Cambrian to early Middle Devonian and are similar to strata in their sister rift, the Misty Creek Embayment. Before this study, the stratigraphic units defined for the Richardson Trough were the Slats Creek Formation and the Road River Formation. Here, the Slats Creek Formation and a new Road River Group are recognized. In order, this group consists of the middle and/or late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Cronin Formation; the early Early Ordovician to latest early Silurian Mount Hare Formation; the early Silurian to late Silurian Tetlit Formation; and the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Vittrekwa Formation. These Road River Group strata are unconformably overlain by the late Middle to Late Devonian Canol Formation (outcrop) and by the Early Devonian Tatsieta Formation (subsurface).
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Stakes, Keith, Keith Stakes, Julie Bryant, Nick Dow, Jack Regan, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Multi-Family Dwellings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ympj4047.

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The majority of the existing full-scale fire service research studied the impact of tactics on the residential fireground, specifically in single-family structures. This study builds upon prior research by conducting thirteen experiments in three-story, multi-family dwellings to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. Experiments were conducted in four, garden-style apartment buildings; each of which had two lower-level units, four first-floor units, and four second-floor units. The apartments shared a common stairwell that was enclosed for all of the experiments in this study. To examine the effectiveness of tactics in the fire apartment, common stairwell and applicable exposure apartments, four experiments were conducted in lower-level apartments, seven were conducted in first-floor apartments, and two were conducted in second-floor apartments including both bedroom and kitchen/living room fires. The fire size varied based on the amount of initial ventilation provided. The main control variables included the location of initial water application, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The suppression tactics included interior water application, exterior water application followed by interior water application, and a combined interior and exterior water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation. Similar to previous experiments in acquired single-family structures, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in close coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. In contrast, for experiments where ventilation occurred with delayed suppression, temperature exposures increased throughout the fire apartment, and in experiments where the apartment door was left open, temperatures and carbon monoxide exposures increased throughout the common stairwell. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. The enclosed common stairwell, a unique feature of this experimental series, acted as capture of combustion products. Opening the apartment door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential for smoke movement into the stairwell, limiting the egress for potentially trapped occupants in exposure units. Tactics such as door control, positive pressure ventilation, and hydraulic ventilation which were used both simultaneous with and sequentially post-suppression were shown to limit gas flows into the stairwell. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Laguyás, Natalia, Fermín Vivanco, Carolina Carrasco, Carolina Piedrafita, and Camila De Ferrari. Proptech in Latin America and the Caribbean: How Technology Can Help Reduce the Housing Deficit. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004483.

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Recognizing the widespread concern that disruptions created by technology have not yet benefited middle- and low-income households, this study explores the potential of PropTech to positively impact the housing challenges in the region, with a particular focus on the poor or vulnerable populations. This study reveals several emerging trends that offer insight to those thinking about digital transformation in the housing and real estate sector for Latin America and the Caribbean and serve as the foundation for more research. PropTech startups are defined broadly as fast-growing actors that are developing technology-based business models for housing real estate markets. This includes companies operating on most phases of the housing value chain, from the housing units supply side (land, construction, access to services, and home improvement) to the demand side (financing, renting, buying, selling, and commercializing units). PropTech startups mainly address two key issues in the traditional real estate market: lack of transparency and processes inefficiencies. Reducing costs and making information available equalizes the markets playing field. The opportunity for PropTech startups to develop business models that cover lower income brackets is still largely unexplored. Currently, profitable businesses are mostly serving high-income bracket groups. Thus, large-scale solutions that would make investing in the low-income segment profitable remain an opportunity for PropTech companies to target. Also, opportunities remain for startups to explore housing solutions that strengthen adaptation to climate change and curb harmful environmental impact through technology innovations through retrofitting efforts or the repurposing of existing units. The report pays special attention to the different links in the value chain and highlights success stories that are having an impact on the current housing market, resulting in a snapshot of scalable, private-sector-led solutions currently deployed to solve pressing housing problems in the region.
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Chauvin, Juan Pablo, Annabelle Fowler, and Nicolás Herrera L. The Younger Age Profile of COVID-19 Deaths in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002879.

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This paper examines why a larger share of COVID-19 deaths occurs among young and middle-aged adults in developing countries than in high-income countries. Using novel data at the country, city, and patient levels, we investigate the drivers of this gap in terms of the key components of the standard Susceptible-Infected-Recovered framework. We obtain three main results. First, we show that the COVID-19 mortality age gap is not explained by younger susceptible populations in developing countries. Second, we provide indirect evidence that higher infection rates play a role, showing that variables linked to faster COVID-19 spread such as residential crowding and labor informality are correlated with younger mortality age profiles across cities. Third, we show that lower recovery rates in developing countries account for nearly all of the higher death shares among young adults, and for almost half of the higher death shares among middle-aged adults. Our evidence suggests that lower recovery rates in developing countries are driven by a higher prevalence of preexisting conditions that have been linked to more severe COVID-19 complications, and by more limited access to hospitals and intensive care units in some countries.
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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Cape MacDonnel, Northwest Territories, NTS 96-I. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330074.

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Preliminary surficial geology, based on airphoto interpretation of the Cape MacDonnel map area, records three glacial and landform terrains. First, ridged, hummocky tills dominate Big Spruce and Scented Grass hills between 300 and 650 m elevation. Second, undifferentiated till covers the lower flanks of Scented Grass and Big Spruce hills, also extending northeastward of the latter, where streamlined till occurs. Third, glaciolacustrine sediments are confined to some lowlands below 200 to 250 m, where they discontinuously cover various till units along the shores of Great Bear Lake. Variable ice flow and local stagnation characterizes glacial history. In northern regions, ice flowed southwestward and then veered northwestward, with evidence of local ice streaming. In east-central regions, flow was generally westward. In the southwest, flow was northwestward. Retreating and stagnating remnant ice deposited ridged and hummocky moraine, which may also coincide with cold-based ice. Glacial Lake McConnell inundated lowlands to at least 250 m a.s.l. in the east, and to 210 m in the west.
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Kaymak, Barış, and Immo Schott. Corporate tax cuts and the decline of the manufacturing labor share. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202239.

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We document a strong empirical connection between corporate taxation and the manufacturing labor share, both in the US and across OECD countries. Our estimates associate 30 percent to 60 percent of the observed decline in labor shares with the fall in corporate taxation. Using an equilibrium model of an industry where firms differ in their capital intensities, we show that lower corporate tax rates reduce the labor share by raising the market share of capital-intensive firms. The tax elasticity of the labor share depends on the joint distribution of labor intensities and value added at the micro level. Given the empirical distribution in the US manufacturing sector, our quantitative analysis suggests that corporate tax cuts explain a significant part of the decline in the manufacturing labor share since the 1950s. The shift away from traditionally large, labor-intensive production units raised the concentration of market shares and reduced the concentration of employment.
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Hurlow, Hugh A., Paul C. Inkenbrandt, and Trevor H. Schlossnagle. Hydrogeology, Groundwater Chemistry, and Water Budget of Juab Valley, Eastern Juab County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-170.

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Juab Valley is a north-south-trending basin in the eastern Basin and Range Province. Juab Valley is bounded on the east by the Wasatch normal fault and the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains, bounded on the west by Long Ridge and the West Hills. Juab Valley is at the southern end of Utah’s Wasatch Front, an area of projected rapid population growth and increased groundwater use. East-west-trending surface-water, groundwater, and water-rights boundaries approximately coincide along the valley’s geographic midline at Levan Ridge, an east-west trending watershed divide that separates the north and south parts of Juab Valley. The basin includes, from north to south, the towns of Mona, Nephi, and Levan, which support local agricultural and light-industrial businesses. Groundwater use is essential to Juab Valley’s economy. The Juab Valley study area consists of surficial unconsolidated basin-fill deposits at lower elevations and various bedrock units surrounding and underlying the basin-fill deposits. Quaternary-Tertiary basin-fill deposits form Juab Valley’s primary aquifer. Tertiary volcanic rocks underlie some of the basinfill deposits and form the central part of Long Ridge on the northwest side of the valley. Paleozoic carbonate rocks that crop out in the Mount Nebo area of the Wasatch Range, which receives the greatest average annual precipitation in the study area, likely accommodate infiltration of snowmelt and subsurface groundwater flow to the basin-fill aquifer. The Jurassic Arapien Formation also crops out in the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains, and dissolution of gypsum and halite in the formation and sediments derived from it increases the sulfate, sodium, and total-dissolved-solids concentrations of surface water and groundwater. We grouped the stratigraphy of the Juab Valley study area into 19 hydrostratigraphic units based on known and interpreted hydraulic properties.
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Schmidt, Thomas L. Forest statistics for Michigan's Southern Lower Peninsula Unit, 1994. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-155.

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