Journal articles: 'Lower Palaeolithic'

1

Bednarik, Robert G. "Palaeoart of the Lower Palaeolithic." Acta Archaeologica 81, no. 1 (April 19, 2010): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/16000390-08101005.

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Bednarik, Robert G. "PALAEOART OF THE LOWER PALAEOLITHIC." Acta Archaeologica 81, no. 1 (December 2010): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0390.2010.00293.x.

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Thieme, Hartmut. "Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany." Nature 385, no. 6619 (February 1997): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385807a0.

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Wenban-Smith, Francis. "The Lower Palaeolithic occupation of Britain." Quaternary Science Reviews 20, no. 12 (June 2001): 1372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(00)00180-3.

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Ganjoo, R. K., and R. W. Dennell. "On Lower Palaeolithic Artefacts From Pakistan." Current Anthropology 27, no. 2 (April 1986): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/203409.

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Mathew, Sony J., and Sushama G. Deo. "Some Observations on the Middle Palaeolithic Culture in North-Western Karnataka with Special Reference to the Site of Kovalli." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2012): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.22.6.

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The Middle Palaeolithic culture has been widely distributed in the Ghataprabha basin, obtained from 113 sites. The majority of the sites are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the river Ghataprabha and the assemblage is comprised of scrapers of various types, points, borers and scraper cum borer and borer cum points. The studies conducted at the site Kovalli which lies in the lower reaches of Ghataprabha suggest that the Kovalli assemblage can be categorized as mixture of Middle Palaeolithic and late Middle Palaeolithic. It can be categorized as “advanced” Middle Palaeolithic.Keywords: Assemblage; Middle palaeolithic, Naturally backed knife; Palaeolithic

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Rodríguez Asensio, José Adolfo. "El Paleolítico antiguo en Asturias." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 9 (2000): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2000.i9.05.

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Kato, Yasunobu. "The Lower Palaeolithic Cultures of East Africa." Journal of African Studies 1989, no. 34 (1989): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.41.

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Dizon, Eusebio Z., and Alfred F. Pawlik. "The lower Palaeolithic record in the Philippines." Quaternary International 223-224 (September 2010): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.10.002.

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Stepanchuk, Vadim, Sergei Ryzhov, Leonid Rekovets, and Zhanna Matviishina. "The Lower Palaeolithic of Ukraine: Current evidence." Quaternary International 223-224 (September 2010): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.12.006.

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Rendell, H., and R. W. Dennell. "Dated Lower Palaeolithic Artefacts From Northern Pakistan." Current Anthropology 26, no. 3 (June 1985): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/203287.

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12

Bednarik, Robert G. "Concept-Mediated Marking in the Lower Palaeolithic." Current Anthropology 36, no. 4 (August 1995): 605–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/204406.

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ODA, Shizuo, and Charles T. KEALLY. "A Critical Look at the Palaeolithic and "Lower Palaeolithic" Research in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan." Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon 94, no. 3 (1986): 325–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.94.325.

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Gao, Xing, and Christopher J. Norton. "A critique of the Chinese ‘Middle Palaeolithic’." Antiquity 76, no. 292 (June 2002): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00090517.

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The Chinese Palaeolithic has traditionally been divided into three distinct cultural periods: Lower, Middle, and Upper. Analysis of four stone tool criteria (raw material procurement, core reduction, retouch, and typology) to determine if a distinct Middle Palaeolithic stage existed in China suggests that very little change occurred in lithic technology between the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. Accordingly, a two-stage progression is proposed: Early and Late Palaeolithic. The transition between these two cultural periods occurred with the development of more refined stone tool making techniques (e.g. introduction of blade and microblade technology) and the presence of other archaeological indicators of more modern human behaviour (e.g. presence of art and/or symbolism) (c. 30,000 years ago).

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Lang, A. T. O., and D. H. Keen. "Hominid colonisation and the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of the West Midlands." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71 (2005): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000955.

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The recognition over the last 20 years that the Quaternary deposits of the West Midlands cover a longer period of time than previously envisaged has led to a re-analysis of their contained Palaeolithic archaeology. Stone tools have been found in the region for over a hundred years and cover most periods of hominid colonisation from the time of the earliest occupants of the country over half a million years ago. Twentieth century research in the West Midlands, often led by Professor F. W. Shotton at the University of Birmingham, correlated the Palaeolithic of the region with the Quaternary geological sequence as it was then understood. Shotton identified the ‘Wolstonian’ glaciation as the key event of the Midlands Pleistocene, around which a chronology for the Palaeolithic could be built and gave an age of less than 250 kyr for this episode. Work since 1985 has compared the Midlands sequence with the oxygen isotope record of the ocean basins and shown that the concept of a relatively recent ‘Wolstonian’ is now untenable and that the former chronology built around it is too short for the observed events in the area. This new time paradigm, with the earliest occupation of the area thought to be c. 500 kyr, has made necessary a reconsideration of the chronology of the Palaeolithic and Middle Pleistocene of the area. This new time framework brings into critical focus the issue of reworking of the archaeology and its true age. The tools themselves present complications of analysis compared to many other areas containing a Palaeolithic record, perhaps most notably through the use of largely non-flint raw materials, some which may have been introduced into the area by early humans or an hither-to unidentified glacial event. This opportunity to present a new chronology of occupation comes out of the work carried out by the ‘Shotton Project’ based at the University of Birmingham, and by the University of Liverpool.

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Saville, Alan, and Marion O'Neil. "Palaeolithic handaxes in Scotland." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127 (November 30, 1998): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.127.1.16.

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The occurrence and typology of artefacts of handaxe type in Scotland are reviewed and it is concluded that, though some are genuine Lower Palaeolithic implements, none of these finds provides convincing evidence for Early Palaeolithic human presence in Scotland.

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Kaner, Simon. "Trouble in the Japanese Lower and Middle Palaeolithic." Before Farming 2002, no. 2 (January 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2002.2.4.

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White, M. J. "Book Review: The Lower Palaeolithic Occupation of Britain." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146195710100400110.

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Bednarik, Robert G. "Maritime navigation in the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 328, no. 8 (April 1999): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(99)80139-6.

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Roe, Derek A. "The British Lower Palaeolithic: out of the Doldrums." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 66 (2000): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001870.

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Belfer‐Cohen, Anna, and Naama Goren‐Inbar. "Cognition and communication in the Levantine lower palaeolithic." World Archaeology 26, no. 2 (October 1994): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1994.9980269.

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Guo, Yu-Jie, Bo Li, Jia-Fu Zhang, Bao-Yin Yuan, Fei Xie, and Richard Graham Roberts. "Luminescence ages for three ‘Middle Palaeolithic’ sites in the Nihewan Basin, northern China, and their archaeological and palaeoenvironmental implications." Quaternary Research 85, no. 3 (May 2016): 456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2016.03.002.

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The Nihewan Basin is a key region for studying the Palaeolithic archaeology of East Asia. However, because of the lack of suitable dating methods and representative lithic technologies in this region, the ‘Middle Palaeolithic’ sites in this basin have been designated based mainly on stratigraphic correlation, which may be unreliable. In this study, three Palaeolithic sites, Motianling, Queergou and Banjingzi, which have been assigned previously to the ‘Middle Palaeolithic’, are dated based on luminescence dating of K-feldspar grains. Our results show that the cultural layers at Motianling, Queergou and Banjingzi have ages of 315 ± 13, 268 ± 13 and 86 ± 4 ka (corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages 9, 8 and 5), respectively, suggesting that Motianling and Queergou should be assigned to the Lower Palaeolithic, while the age of Banjingzi is consistent with a Middle Palaeolithic attribution. Our results suggest that reassessing the age of ‘Middle Palaeolithic’ sites in the Nihewan Basin, and elsewhere in North China, is crucial for understanding the presence or absence of the Middle Palaeolithic phase in China. Our dating results also indicate that the Sanggan River developed sometime between about 270 and 86 ka ago.

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Bailey, Geoff. "The Palaeolithic of Klithi in its wider context." Annual of the British School at Athens 87 (November 1992): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015033.

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Klithi is a rockshelter in the lower reaches of the Voidomatis gorge, near the village of Klithonia in Epirus. Excavations in progress since 1983 have revealed evidence of a late Upper Palaeolithic occupation dated between 16,000 BP and 10,000 BP, with rich microlithic stone tool industries and faunal assemblages dominated by chamois and ibex. The excavations have been accompanied by wider investigations of the local and regional palaeoenvironment and reexamination of the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites excavated by Eric Higgs in the 1960s, notably Kokkinopilos, Asprochaliko, and Kastritsa. This paper presents some of the detailed results of the Klithi excavations and sets the results within the wider context of the global issues which inform the study of Palaeolithic archaeology, the Palaeolithic of Greece as a whole, and the regional picture of Palaeolithic settlement in Epirus.

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Haynes, Gary. "Late Quaternary Proboscidean Sites in Africa and Eurasia with Possible or Probable Evidence for Hominin Involvement." Quaternary 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat5010018.

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This paper presents a list of >100 publicly known late Quaternary proboscidean sites that have certain or possible traces of hominin utilization in Africa, Europe, and Asia, along with a sample of references, chronometric or estimated ages, and brief descriptions of the associated materials and bone modifications. Summary discussions of important sites are also presented. Lower Palaeolithic/Early Stone Age hominins created far fewer proboscidean site assemblages than hominins in later Palaeolithic phases, in spite of the time span being many times longer. Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age hominins created assemblages at eight times the earlier hominin rate. Upper Palaeolithic/Later Stone Age hominins created site assemblages at >90 times the rate of Lower Palaeolithic hominins. Palaeoloxodon spp. occur in nearly one third of the sites with an identified or probable proboscidean taxon and Mammuthus species are in nearly one half of the sites with identified or probable taxon. Other identified proboscidean genera, such as Elephas, Loxodonta, and Stegodon, occur in few sites. The sites show variability in the intensity of carcass utilization, the quantity of lithics bedded with bones, the extent of bone surface modifications, such as cut marks, the diversity of associated fauna, and mortality profiles.

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Robert, Aline, Sylvain Soriano, Michel Rasse, Stephen Stokes, and Eric Huysecom. "FIRST CHRONO-CULTURAL REFERENCE FRAMEWORK FOR THE WEST AFRICAN PALEOLITHIC: NEW DATA FROM OUNJOUGOU, DOGON COUNTRY, MALI." Journal of African Archaeology 1, no. 2 (October 25, 2003): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10007.

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Evidences of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic human settlements in sub-Saharan West Africa are relatively uncommon, poorly or not even dated, and come from surface sites or secondary stratigraphic context. The discovery, within the international research programme Palaeoenvironment and human settlement in West Africa, of an impressive Pleistocene sedimentary sequence with numerous archaeological levels in the sector of Ounjougou (Dogon Country, Mali), is thus of great importance, insofar as it allows us to set up a first chrono-cultural reference framework for the West African Palaeolithic. Although the exact chronological position of a Lower Palaeolithic human settlement has yet to be specified, the recurrent Middle Palaeolithic occupation, between the end of marine isotope stage 5 and the beginning of stage 2, reveals an astonishing cultural diversity. This could indicate an important repopulating activity, following climatic and environmental changes during the Upper Pleistocene. Particularly, the appearance of the Levallois reduction technique in Sahelian West Africa, possibly prior to the emergence of the Saharan Aterian, leads us to reconsider the question of the origin of this reduction concept introduction in sub-Saharan West Africa. More generally, the Palaeolithic sequence in the sector of Ounjougou shows the intrusion of more southern and/or eastern cultural influences.

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Hosfield, Robert. "The British Lower Palaeolithic of the early Middle Pleistocene." Quaternary Science Reviews 30, no. 11-12 (June 2011): 1486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.026.

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27

Gamble, Clive. "Review Article: The Skills of the Lower Palaeolithic World." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63 (1997): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002516.

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M.Grünberg, Judith. "New AMS Dates for Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Camp Sites and Single Finds in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia (Germany)." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 72 (2006): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000797.

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A summary is given of 23 direct AMS radiocarbon dates for Palaeolithic and Mesolithic camp sites and single finds in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia (Germany). These new radiocarbon dates not only complement earlier results on the Upper Palaeolithic settlement in Central Germany, but they also provide new data for Palaeolithic and Mesolithic hunting and fishing gear in northern Europe. In addition, the age of the first Mesolithic cremation burial in Germany has now been confirmed and that of a child's lower jaw from the llsenhohle at Ranis had to be corrected.

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Tourloukis, Vangelis. "Palaeolithic archaeology: a review of recent research." Archaeological Reports 67 (November 2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608421000041.

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In contrast to a relatively long history of Palaeolithic investigations in western Europe, research on the Palaeolithic period in Greece has lagged behind considerably. This article reviews the last decade of Palaeolithic research in Greece, with the aim of highlighting key aspects of recent developments in the field. Newly discovered Lower Palaeolithic sites, such as Marathousa 1 in Megalopolis, have offered rare, high-resolution windows into hunter-gatherer adaptations during the earliest-known peopling of the Greek peninsula. Palaeolithic sites in insular settings, exemplified by the latest discoveries in Crete and Naxos, have stirred up intriguing discussions about early seafaring but, most importantly, provide support to a revised view of the role of the Aegean in early human dispersals. Zooarchaeological, palaeoenvironmental and dating analyses of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic materials from new and older assemblages have provided valuable insights that help contextualize the information distilled from lithic industries. In sum, recent excavations, surveys and assessments of new and older collections have together contributed to the compilation of an important corpus of novel and significant data. Palaeolithic Greece is no longer a terra incognita, and it carries the potential to become a key player in understanding early human societies in southern Europe.

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Benito Alvarez, José Manuel, and Luis Benito del Rey. "Secuencias inferopaleolíticas en la cuenca media del Duero." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 9 (2000): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2000.i9.06.

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Yevtushenko, A., A. Burke, C. R. Ferring, V. Chabai, and K. Monigal. "The Middle Palaeolithic Site of Karabi Tamchin (Crimea, Ukraine): 1999–2001 Excavation Seasons." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69 (2003): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001286.

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The Middle Palaeolithic site of Karabi Tamchin is presented here for the first time. Karabi Tamchin is a collapsed rock-shelter in Eastern Crimea (Ukraine), and is the only known, stratified Palaeolithic site in the highland regions of the First Crimean mountain range. Preliminary results of three excavation seasons indicate that the site differs fundamentally from Middle Palaeolithic sites excavated at lower altitudes, in terms of both lithic and faunal exploitation. The site, therefore, provides essential information regarding regional land-use patterns in Crimea. Karabi Tamchin was probably repeatedly occupied by relatively small, mobile groups during short-term, possibly seasonal hunting forays into upland regions.

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Dennell, Robin. "Progressive gradualism, imperialism and academic fashion: Lower Palaeolithic archaeology in the 20th century." Antiquity 64, no. 244 (September 1990): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00078431.

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The Lower Palaeolithic has always been studied within a framework based on different types of flaked stone. Although this evidence might seem solid and unambiguous, the way it has been studied has been strongly influenced by wider social and political factors

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Jensen, Helle Juel, Romuald Schild, Fred Wendorf, and Angela E. Close. "Understanding the Late Palaeolithic tools with lustrous edges from the Lower Nile Valley." Antiquity 65, no. 246 (March 1991): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00079370.

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A new examination of the polish on Late Palaeolithic tools from the Nile identifies some kind of siliceous sheen, but shows no ‘sickle gloss’. This is consistent with the demonstration that cereals were not in precociously early cultivation in Egypt.

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Bednarik, Robert G. "Palaeoart and Archaeological Myths." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2, no. 1 (April 1992): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000457.

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This article addresses the question of human symbolic behaviour in the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. Bednarik argues that the case against such early symbolic behaviour usually relies on untestable propositions about the stages of human cognitive development, and that too little attention has been paid to the full range of evidence for Lower and Middle Palaeolithic symbolism. He urges that the same criteria should be applied in assessing this evidence as in assessing the more widely accepted evidence for Upper Palaeolithic symbolism. In their following reply, Chase & Dibble observe that many quite reasonable hypotheses in the historical behavioural sciences cannot be refuted absolutely, and that where competing hypotheses are presented it may be difficult to decide which is most probable. Finally Davidson, also replying to Bednarik's criticisms, concludes that their different views of the evidence for early hominid symbolic behaviour arise from different objectives and conventions of understanding

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Barkai, Ran. "The Elephant in the Handaxe: Lower Palaeolithic Ontologies and Representations." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000360.

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Indigenous hunter-gatherers view the world differently than do WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) societies. They depend—as in prehistoric times—on intimate relationships with elements such as animals, plants and stones for their successful adaptation and prosperity. The desire to maintain the perceived world-order and ensure the continued availability of whatever is necessary for human existence and well-being thus compelled equal efforts to please these other-than-human counterparts. Relationships of consumption and appreciation characterized human nature as early as the Lower Palaeolithic; the archaeological record reflects such ontological and cosmological conceptions to some extent. Central to my argument are elephants and handaxes, the two pre-eminent Lower Palaeolithic hallmarks of the Old World. I argue that proboscideans had a dual dietary and cosmological significance for early humans during Lower Paleolithic times. The persistent production and use of the ultimate megaherbivore processing tool, the handaxe, coupled with the conspicuous presence of handaxes made of elephant bones, serve as silent testimony for the elephant–handaxe ontological nexus. I will suggest that material culture is a product of people's relationships with the world. Early humans thus tailored their tool kits to the consumption and appreciation of specific animal taxa: in our case, the elephant in the handaxe.

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Stepanchuk, V. M. "PALAEOLITHIC IN D. YA. TELEHIN’S RESEARCH." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 37, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.04.02.

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The article is devoted to the coverage of a little-known aspect of D. Ya. Telehin’s scientific activity, namely his research related to Palaeolithic sites and Palaeolithic issues. Although this was clearly not the main area of the scientist’s concern, his interest for Palaeolithic studies has accompanied him throughout his scientific life. In the early 1950s, D. Ya. Telehin participated in the works of I. F. Levytskyi at the site Mynivskyi Yar at Seversky Donets, in eastern Ukraine. The lower layer of the site belongs to the period 18—13 thousand years ago. In fact, at the time of excavations, it was the only Upper Palaeolithic site in the region that was investigated on a relatively large area. In the mid-twentieth century, a cascade of new hydroelectric power plants and reservoirs was being built on the Dnieper. During the field seasons of 1953 and 1957, D. Ya. Telehin’s explorations in the area of construction of the Kakhovskaya hydroelectric power plant and the Kakhovskoye reservoir discovered, in addition to numerous sites from later periods, the first upper Palaeolithic locations of the Lower Dnieper, namely: Shyroka, Valivalska and Merzlyakova gullies. In 1975 together with N. I. Tarasenko, D. Ya. Telegin conducts excavations at the Rogalyk farm. According to modern interpretation, the remains of three new stratified sites were discovered during these works. The authors have identified the materials as early Mesolithic; they are now attributed to the final Palaeolithic. In 1976 D. Ya. Telehin researches the Upper Palaeolithic site of Zbranky near the eponymous village in the Ovruch loess area. The materials found once again, after the works of I. F. Levytskyi and V. A. Mesyats, confirmed that this region was actively exploited by the Palaeolithic man at the end of the Pleistocene. A number of new, mostly surface, Upper Palaeolithic sites were discovered by the «Dnieper-Donbas» and «Slavutych» expeditions led by D. Ya. Telehin in 1970—74 and 1980—83 on the territory of the Middle Dnieper Basin (Chernyavshchyna, Pereschepyno, Khizhnyakivka, etc.) and the middle reaches of Southern Buh (Apolyanka, Berezyno). During the 1980s, D. Ya. Telehin investigated the area of the left bank of the Dnieper River near the mouth of the Sula River. This work resulted in the discovery of a new concentration of Upper Palaeolithic sites. The features of lithic assemblages make it possible to identify groups of later and earlier sites in the preliminary view, including the so-called archaic Upper Palaeolithic. In 1984, D. Ya. Telehin investigated the location of Semenivka 1 in Baryshevsky district of Kiev region in the valley of Trubizh river. The peculiarities of the stone tools allowed to see the nearest analogies to the findings in the materials of the sites of Epigravettian mammoth hunters. Studies at Semenivka 1 gave an impulse for further searches in this area. The brief overview offered shows that although Palaeolithic studies were not in the focus of D. Ya. Telehin’s attention, his works are nevertheless deservedly included in the general fund for achievements in domestic Palaeolithic studies.

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Ashton, Nick, John McNabb, Brian Irving, Simon Lewis, and Simon Parfitt. "Contemporaneity of Clactonian and Acheulian flint industries at Barnham, Suffolk." Antiquity 68, no. 260 (September 1994): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00047074.

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Mathias, Cyrielle. "After the Lower Palaeolithic: Lithic ramification in the early Middle Palaeolithic of Orgnac 3, layer 2 (Ardèche, France)." Quaternary International 411 (August 2016): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.033.

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Y., Antonova, Tashak V., and Petrozhitskii A. "THE ‘TRI SKALY’ GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA: NEW CHRONOLOGICAL STUDIES." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 2 (2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(2).-02.

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The ‘Tri Skaly’ archaeological multilayered site in Western Transbaikalia is one of the latest discovered which investigations began in 2015. Lower lithological layers at this site contain archaeological materials typical for the Western Transbaikalian Early Upper Palaeolithic and revealed analogies in different areas with the materials of the most investigated sites belonged to this period: Podzvonkaya Eastern Complex, Podzvonkaya South-Eastern Complex, Tolbaga, Kamenka A and others. At the present chronological research concerning initial and early stages of the Upper Palaeolithic provides series of C-14 dates, which falls mostly in the range of 35–40 kya. Based on the morphology and typology of the stone artifacts from the Tri Skaly site lower layers have been dated to the early stage of the Upper Palaeolithic. The first radiocarbon date obtained on the bones from the bottom part of the 4 th lithological layer and indicated the age of 26 kya has put in question the dating made by correlations. New radiocarbon AMS-dates obtained on the bones from the same layer show the correctness of the first interpretation. According to these dates palaeolithic horizons of the Tri Skaly site are reliably dated in the range of 35–40 kya. Calibrated values point to the age near 40 kya as the most valid.

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Goren-Inbar, Naama. "Notes on "Decision Making" by Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Hominids." Paléorient 14, no. 2 (1988): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1988.4459.

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Ashton, Nick, Simon Lewis, Simon Parfitt, Ian Candy, David Keen, Rob Kemp, Kirsty Penkman, Gill Thomas, John Whittaker, and Mark White. "Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic site at Elveden, Suffolk, UK." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71 (2005): 1–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000943.

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The Lower Palaeolithic site at Elveden, Suffolk, was the subject of new excavations from 1995–1999. Excavations around the edge and in the centre of the former clay-pit revealed sediments infilling a lake basin that had formed in Lowestoft till, overlying Chalk, the till being attributed to the Anglian glaciation (MIS 12). The lake sediments contain pollen that can be assigned to pollen zones HoI and HoIIa of the early Hoxnian (MIS 11). Overlying grey clays contain ostracods, molluscs, vertebrates, and carbonate concretions. Together they are indicative of a fluvial environment in a temperate climate. AAR ratios (amino acid racemisation) on the molluscs also suggest correlation with MIS 11. Further indications of a fluvial context are indicated by thin spreads of lag gravel along opposite sides of the clay-pit, marking the edges of a channel. The gravel forms the raw material for the human industries which consist of handaxes, flake tools, flakes, and cores. Further artefacts are found in the overlying black clay, which is interpreted as a palaeosol that formed with the silting-up of the channel. The basin was further infilled with colluvial ‘brickearths’, which also contain artefacts that are probably derived from the underlying gravel. Further evidence of soil formation was identified in the ‘brickearth’. Coversands with periglacial involutions overlie the ‘brickearth’ at the top of the sequence. These probably formed in the last cold stage, the Devensian (MIS 5d-2).

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Agam, Aviad, Ido Azuri, Iddo Pinkas, Avi Gopher, and Filipe Natalio. "Publisher Correction: Estimating temperatures of heated Lower Palaeolithic flint artefacts." Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01017-0.

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Havlíček, Filip, and Martin Kuča. "Waste Management at the End of the Stone Age." Journal of Landscape Ecology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2017-0009.

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AbstractThis article describes examples of waste management systems from archaeological sites in Europe and the Middle East. These examples are then contextualized in the broader perspectives of environmental history. We can confidently claim that the natural resource use of societies predating the Lower Palaeolithic was in equilibrium with the environment. In sharp contrast stand communities from the Upper Palaeolithic and onwards, when agriculture appeared and provided opportunities for what seemed like unlimited expansion.

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Habib, Irfan. "Book Review: K. Paddayya and Sushama G. Deo, Prehistory of South Asia (The Lower Palaeolithic or Formative Era of Hunting-Gathering)." Studies in People's History 4, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448917726676.

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Chazan, Michael. "Flake production at the Lower Palaeolithic site of Holon (Israel): implications for the origin of the Levallois method." Antiquity 74, no. 285 (September 2000): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00059822.

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The analysis of flake production at the late Lower Palaeolithic site of Holon (Israel) suggests that the introduction of the Levallois method was an abrupt event related to a shift in the design of tools.

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Miller-Antonio, S., L. A. Schepartz, and D. Bakken. "Raw material selection and evidence for rhinoceros tooth tools at Dadong Cave, southern China." Antiquity 74, no. 284 (June 2000): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00059457.

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Efrati, Bar. "Memory Scrapers: Readymade Concepts and Techniques as Reflected in Collecting and Recycling Patinated Lower Palaeolithic Items at Qesem Cave, Israel." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000372.

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This paper argues that certain early Palaeolithic artefacts can be viewed as reflecting Readymade concepts and techniques from the world of modern art. I will focus on presenting a theoretical framework for this claim as well as a case study from Late Lower Palaeolithic Qesem Cave, Israel (420,000–200,000 bp). The case study is based on the ‘double patina’ phenomenon (old tools that became patinated by exposure to the elements and were then shaped again). These items, characterized by outstanding colours and textures, were produced following Readymade concepts and techniques applied in the production of tools that are both functional and mnemonic. I suggest that these items acted as mnemonic memory tools that reconnected their users to ancestral (human and non-human) beings as well as to familiar experiences, events, and places.

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Barton, R. N. E., A. Bouzouggar, and C. B. Stringer. "Bridging the gap: new fieldwork in northern Morocco." Antiquity 75, no. 289 (September 2001): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0008858x.

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The question of human contacts between Africa and the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene is of key interest in research of human origins. Discussion continues to focus on whether the sea gap separating the landmasses proved an effective barrier to cultural interchange and population movements. At its narrowest point the Gibraltar Strait is no more than 14 km wide and at times of lower sea level in the Pleistocene the gap would have been considerably reduced by the exposure of several offshore islands. Such sea crossings were apparently well within the capabilities of early human colonizers, as shown by the 800,000-year-old occupation of islands in the Indonesian archipelago. Despite these observations, many archaeologists have pointed to the ostensible lack of evidence for human interactions between Europe and North Africa until some time in the Upper Palaeolithic. This is surprising, given the presence of populations in both areas from the Lower Palaeolithic onwards. Such an ‘isolationist’ view is emphasized by the recent work of the Gibraltar Caves Project (Barton et al. 1999; Stringer et al. 2000) which has shown that Neanderthal populations with Middle Palaeolithic technology lived there until at least 32,000 years ago uncal, at a time when anatomically modern humans were already present elsewhere in Europe and Africa. Until now, no evidence of Neanderthals has been found in North Africa but the dating and nature of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in this region remains poorly understood.

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Iovita, Radu, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Adrian Dobos, Ulrich Hambach, Alexandra Hilgers, and Anja Zander. "Dealul Guran: evidence for Lower Palaeolithic (MIS 11) occupation of the Lower Danube loess steppe." Antiquity 86, no. 334 (December 2012): 973–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00048195.

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Owing to a thick blanket of loess and other later geological disruptions, the earliest hominins to reach Europe are hard to find. To a handful of possible sites, our authors add a new assemblage of lithics with a clear local context and corroborated OSL ages. Ancient humans were present in what is now Romania between 300 000 and 400 000 years ago.

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Leppard, Thomas P. "Response: The Elusive Insular Lower Palaeolithic and the Problem of Intentionality." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 27, no. 2 (December 11, 2014): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmea.v27i2.275.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lower Palaeolithic'

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