Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lower income countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Lower income countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Lower income countries.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Lower income countries"

1

Pratysto, Tangguh, and Ingrid Panjaitan. "Eradicating Income Inequality in Lower Middle-Income Countries." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 20, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v20i2.8517.

Full text
Abstract:
Studying the distribution of income is an important issue to know what factors which affect to make income distribution more equitable, what factors can be the key to resolving the problem of income inequality, and shortening the distance between the poor and the rich. This paper studies the relationship between human capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, physical capital, fiscal expenditure, gross domestic product growth, and urbanization on income inequality in 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries throughout 1990-2014. The authors estimate the impact of seven independent variables on income inequality as a dependent using Prais-Winsten with the robust model over period 1990-2014 at 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries. The results indicate an increase in human capital (gross school enrollment tertiary) can make the income distribution more even in the long run. The writers conclude that increases in human capital can reduce Gini coefficient and hence make income distribution fairer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Olayemi, Edeghonghon, Eugenia V. Asare, and Amma A. Benneh-Akwasi Kuma. "Guidelines in lower-middle income countries." British Journal of Haematology 177, no. 6 (March 14, 2017): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14583.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jayasekera, Channa R., Michele Barry, Lewis R. Roberts, and Mindie H. Nguyen. "Treating Hepatitis C in Lower-Income Countries." New England Journal of Medicine 370, no. 20 (May 15, 2014): 1869–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1400160.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Roberts, David J., Nichola Cooper, and Imelda Bates. "Haematology in Lower and Middle Income Countries." British Journal of Haematology 177, no. 6 (March 29, 2017): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14639.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Schertz, Lyle P. "Nutrition Realities in the Lower Income Countries." Nutrition Reviews 31, no. 7 (April 27, 2009): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1973.tb05061.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Urbatsch, R. "Do expert surveys underrate lower-income countries?" Research Policy 49, no. 8 (October 2020): 104058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104058.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ochieng, B. O., D. Gibson, and E. K. Wangeci. "Contextualizing randomized trials in lower income countries." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.478.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gupta, Poonam, Thierry Tressel, and Enrica Detragiache. "Finance in Lower Income Countries: An Empirical Exploration." IMF Working Papers 05, no. 167 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451861860.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Turner, Hugo C., Guy E. Thwaites, and Hannah E. Clapham. "Vaccine-preventable diseases in lower-middle-income countries." Lancet Infectious Diseases 18, no. 9 (September 2018): 937–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30478-x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Makinen, M., M. Kaddar, V. Molldrem, and L. Wilson. "New vaccine adoption in lower-middle-income countries." Health Policy and Planning 27, suppl 2 (April 17, 2012): ii39—ii49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs036.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lower income countries"

1

Mumuni, Zakari. "Essays on macroeconomic policy and inflation in lower-income countries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52432/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis critically analyses the deficits-inflation nexus and inflation targeting in lower-income countries. Previous research has found a significant relationship between fiscal deficits and inflation in low-income countries, but not in high-income countries. It is shown here that the crucial factor is the quality of institutions. The relationship holds in countries with weak institutions, but not in those with strong institutions, even if their per capita GDP is quite low. The implication is that institutional improvements can enhance macroeconomic outcomes in poor countries. The robustness of the findings is tested using various measures of institutional quality. On the other hand, we provide new insights on inflation targeting (IT) in low-income countries. Previous research on inflation targeting has focused on high-income and emerging market economies since low-income countries (LICs) were slow to adopt the framework. Only recently has enough data accumulated for the performance of IT in LICs to be assessed. We show that unlike in emerging markets, in LICs IT is not been effective in reducing inflation. Weak institutions, a typical feature in LICs, do help explain this especially when we examine their role under floating exchange rate regimes. Finally, we characterise monetary policy in Ghana, one of the earliest low-income countries to adopt an IT framework, but where IT has not been very successful in reducing the levels and volatility of inflation within a modified Taylor rule. We investigate whether poor conduct of monetary policy is responsible for the poor performance of IT and find that is not. Monetary policy reaction functions are similar to those estimated for countries with successful monetary policies, and interest rates respond in the theoretically recommended way to inflation shocks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Burr, Peter William. "The financial costs of delivering rural water and sanitation services in lower-income countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9312.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite the impressive progress over the last two decades in which millions of people worldwide have gained first time access to improved water and sanitation infrastructure, the reality for many is that shortly after infrastructure construction the actual service received by users slips back to unacceptably low levels. However, due to inadequate research and inconsistencies with how data and cost data has been collected and reported, very little is known of the necessary levels of expenditure required to sustain an acceptable (so called “basic”) water and sanitation service and this inhibits effective financial planning for households, communities, governments and donors alike. This thesis sought to provide a better understanding of what has historically been spent to provide different levels of water and sanitation services as a means to better understand the necessary expenditure required. Empirical findings are based on a large data sample of nearly 2,000 water points, over 4,000 latrines, and over 12,000 household surveys, which have been collected as part of three research projects (WASHCost, Triple-S, and WASHCost Sierra Leone), across five country research areas (Andhra Pradesh (India), Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, and Sierra Leone). Findings for water supply systems show that the combination of high capital investments of: $19 and $69 per person for community point sources and $33 – $216 per person for piped systems; and low recurrent expenditures of: $0.06 - $0.37 per person per year for point sources and $0.58 - $7.87 per person per year for piped systems; results in less than half of users receiving a “basic” level of service. Evidence based estimates of the required expenditure for acceptable services are found to be far greater than the “effective demand” expressed in terms of the willingness to pay of service users and national government for these services. Findings for sanitation show that constructing a household latrine that achieves “basic” service standards requires a financial investment of at least $40 that is likely to be an unaffordable barrier for many households in lower income countries. In addition the costs and affordability of periodic pit emptying remains a concern. Ultimately this research suggests that if international standard of improved water and sanitation services are to be sustained in rural areas, the international sector will likely have to provide additional investments to meet a significant proportion of the recurrent costs of delivering these services.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Yu, Weiyu. "Spatial analysis and modelling of drinking water service in low and lower-middle income countries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422173/.

Full text
Abstract:
Drinking water is a basic necessity and plays a vital role in improving general health and wellbeing. Following recognition of the essential human right to drinking water, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have included a dedicated Goal 6 (Target 6.1) for drinking water, which addresses a broad range of issues such as availability, accessibility, water quality, and inequalitiesin service. The expanded need for more sophisticated SDG monitoring therefore places high demands on data sources. By combining spatial analysis and modelling techniques with water point data sets, this study proposes several approaches to combine scarce information relating to drinking water services and thereby to facilitate national SDG monitoring. Specifically, spatial integration with water point data was found to be an effective way to add value to conventional data sources such as censuses for monitoring drinking water. In addition, MaxEnt-based predictive modelling method was employed to predict the potential geographical distribution of drinking water supply in the absence of completely surveyed national water point inventories; outputs for Cambodian and Tanzanian examples showed good discriminatory power based on AUCs (0.791 and 0.860 respectively). Although the MaxEnt modelled surface could not replace real water point surveys, it could reasonably give an indication of the potential distribution of water supply and thereby to be used to reveal hidden inequalities in drinking water services, or to investigate surrounding issues by combing with other geospatial data sets.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Pimenta, de Castro Fonseca Catarina. "The death of the communal handpump? : rural water and sanitation household costs in lower-income countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8512.

Full text
Abstract:
Rural water supply and sanitation in low and middle income countries face the same challenges now as in the 1970s. Despite massive efforts in providing communal “borehole with handpump” and “improved latrines” to improve the lives of millions of people, this traditional approach to development is failing to deliver long lasting improved services - even if for the last 40 years many attempts have been made to solve problems in the approach. The main research question is “Can low-income rural families pay for rural water supply and sanitation?” This thesis has analysed household poverty and costs on water and sanitation services in Mozambique and Ghana based on 3,049 surveys collected between 2009-2010 by the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre WASHCost project. Evidence shows that even extreme poor households can and do pay for improved water and sanitation services. However, households prefer to pay for more expensive services to reduce the distance required to collect water instead of paying for the cheaper maintenance of communal (further away) sources. For sanitation, without targeted support towards the poorest, improved latrines might be unaffordable. Also, without follow up support, behaviour change and health impact will not be sustained. Small increases in the wealth of the poorest have a large impact on the services demanded in terms of quantity, distance and time spend as well as an increase in the level of capital and maintenance expenditure. Ultimately, the world now is not the same as in the 1970s and for achieving universal sustainable coverage for water and sanitation we need to rethink the failed traditional approach to development in low income countries with a deeper understanding of the market segmentation in the lowest quintile of the population and their real aspirations and demand.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lundmark, Albin, and Emma Roxström. "Urbanization and economic freedom - are they threats to air quality? : Evidence from a panel study of low and lower-middle-income countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435088.

Full text
Abstract:
Air pollution (in terms of PM2.5) is severe in developing countries, and the rapid population growth accompanied by urbanization may limit their potential economic development. This paper aims to investigate if urbanization and economic freedom cause higher levels of PM2.5 in developing countries. By measuring the potential effect of economic freedom on PM2.5 with the Ease of Doing Business-score by the World Bank, a new measure is introduced to the research on socioeconomic factors’ influence on air pollution. It is done by running both fixed effects- and system GMM regressions on a panel consisting of 63 low- and lower-middle-income economies between 2010-2017. The results indicate that PM2.5 is insensitive to changes in both variables and that urbanization’s effect on PM2.5 depends on the level of economic freedom and vice versa. However, both estimators may suffer from bias, and thus, the real relationship of urbanization and economic freedom on PM2.5 remains uncertain.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Alzien, Salahadein Ahmed [Verfasser], Rafig [Akademischer Betreuer] Azzam, and Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß. "Rehabilitation of sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon by using sustainable remediation approach in lower and middle-income countries : Libya as a case study / Salahadein Ahmed Alzien ; Rafig Azzam, Holger Weiß." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1189672022/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Viglietti, Paola. "Maternal alcohol consumption and socio-demographic determinants of neurocognitive function of school children in the rural Western Cape." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33095.

Full text
Abstract:
Background. Within the South African context there is a large body of research regarding the associations between maternal gestational drinking and diagnosable child FASDs. However, there remains a paucity of local research regarding the impacts of other kinds of maternal drinking behaviours (e.g. past and present maternal drinking) and related socio-demographic factors on developmentally sensitive areas of child neurocognitive functioning, such as executive functioning (EF). Methods. This study was cross-sectional in design, utilising a gender balanced sample of N=464 children between the ages of 9.00 and 15.12 (year.months) in three rural areas within the Western Cape. Information regarding maternal drinking behaviours (before, during and after pregnancy) and related socio-demographic factors was collected via structured interviews with mothers or proxy respondents. Six subtests from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery (CANTAB), were used to assess three aspects of child EF namely: (1) processing speed, assessed by the MOT and RTI subtests, (2) attention, assessed by the MTT and RVP subtests and (3) memory, assessed by the SWM and PAL subtests. Findings. For all three maternal alcohol use behaviours examined, there was an apparent non-significant trend whereby children of mothers who reported alcohol use (before, during and after pregnancy) performed worse (on average) than children of mothers reporting non-alcohol use on the EF subtests. Several of the socio-demographic factors were found to act as significant predictors of subtest specific EF performance including child sex (RTI: B=.46, p<. 01; MTT: B=.05, p<.05), child age (RTI: B=.27, p<.05; MTT: B=.11, p<.01), home language (MOT: B=- .13, p<.05), maternal employment (MTT: B=-.04, p<.05) and household size (SWM: B=-1.29, p<.05). Conclusions. These study findings provide initial insights into the impacts of different types of maternal drinking behaviours and related socio-demographic factors on child EF outcomes within the context of an LMIC, South Africa.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

West, Florence. "Strengthening midwifery educator capacity in low and lower-middle income countries." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90294.

Full text
Abstract:
University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Health.
[Background] Midwifery educators play a critical role in strengthening the midwifery workforce in low and lower-middle income countries (LMIC) to ensure that women receive quality midwifery care. The most effective approach to building midwifery educator capacity is not always clear. Partnering international and national midwifery educators in education institutions is one strategy to improve the quality of midwifery teaching and learning. [Aim] The aim of this study was to explore how midwifery educator capacity in learning and teaching in LMIC can be strengthened and improved. This research was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 aimed to determine whether one approach – the Papua New Guinea Maternal and Child Health Initiative – contributed to capacity building that was designed to improve midwifery teaching and learning. Phase 2 explored how capacity building using international partnerships is conducted in other LMICs. [Methods] This study used a sequential exploratory mixed method design. During Phase 1, an exploratory qualitative case study design was used. Data were collected from 26 semi-structured interviews conducted with both national and international midwifery educators. A thematic analysis was undertaken. In Phase 2, a descriptive quantitative design was used with data collected from a survey of 18 international and nine national midwifery educators working in 13 different LMICs. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were undertaken. [Findings] In Phase 1, seven themes were identified. The first three provided insights into enabling factors: knowing your own capabilities, being able to build relationships and being motivated to improve the health status of women. The next four themes explored constraining factors: having a mutual understanding of the capacity building project, preparing stakeholders for working together, knowing how to adapt to a different culture, and needing an environment which supports improved midwifery education. Phase 2 confirmed that midwifery educators working in other LMICs experience similar enabling and constraining factors. An individual’s knowledge, skills and attitude influenced the quality of the international partnership. Social norms, institutional support and context also shaped the capacity of midwifery educators to improve teaching and learning. [Discussion and Implications] Individual, partnership and environmental factors influenced midwifery educators to improve teaching and learning in LMIC. Monitoring and evaluation of individual performance, using national and international guidelines may help to provide feedback and build educator confidence. Specific individual preparation for the capacity building partnership would help to ensure that all stakeholders have a mutual understanding, are culturally competent and maintain relevance to the context. Strengthening institutional leadership and infrastructure to provide a supportive working environment would also enable educators to access contemporary teaching resources and research evidence. Supporting the government and community to identify and value the role of the midwife and the development of a well-functioning midwifery regulatory body in LMIC are other enabling factors that need to be addressed. Further research is needed to assess if addressing the individual, partnership and environmental factors identified in this study results in improved midwifery teaching in LMIC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Shang-HaoWang and 王上豪. "Debt Ceiling Research: A Study of Lower-middle and Higher-middle Income Countries." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t27a7w.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立成功大學
經濟學系
106
Based on lower-middle-income and the higher-middle-income countries’ experiences over the period from 2000 to 2015, this paper analyzes the relationship between government external debt and economic growth by using the methods of system-GMM and the Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model (PTSR). The system-GMM estimation results indicate that the threshold values of the ratio of the government external debt to GDP in the lower-middle-income countries are 34.27% and 77.02%, while those in the higher-middle-income countries are 31.17% and 75.43%. When the ratio is less than the first threshold value or greater than the second threshold value, increases in government external debt result in negative impact on economic growth. When the ratio lies between the first and second threshold values, increases in government external debt result in positive impact on economic growth. The PSTR estimation results indicate that raising government external debt has negative impact on economic growth for both lower-middle-income and higher-middle-income countries. The ratio of government consumption to GDP negatively affects economic growth; the ratio of openness as well as military expenditure to GDP positively affect economic growth in the lower-middle-income countries. The ratio of government consumption to GDP and enrollment rate of secondary schools negatively affect economic growth; the ratios of tax income to GDP as well as national health expenditure to GDP positively affect economic growth in the higher-middle-income countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Magpili, Luna Mylene. "An impact-based method for the capacity planning of sanitation services in lower income countries /." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3097266.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Lower income countries"

1

Detragiache, Enrica. Finance in lower-income countries: An empirical exploration. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, Research Dept., 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rushbrook, Philip. Solid waste landfills in middle- and lower-income countries: A technical guide to planning, design, and operation. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Campbell, Bruce Benner. Health management information systems in lower income countries: An analysis of system design, implementation and utilization in Ghana and Nepal. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Press, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Roe, Alan, and Samantha Dodd. Dependence on Extractive Industries in Lower-income Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0002.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter synthesizes statistical information evidencing the proposition that extractive industries are of great significance in many low- and middle-income developing economies, and so to their development prospects. It examines the scale of the current dependence of low- and middle-income economies on both types of extractive resources: metals, and oil and gas. The chapter also assesses how country levels of dependence have changed in the past twenty years, showing that there has been a clear upward trend based on exports. The chapter outlines how the upward trend has continued in many countries despite the recent commodity price collapse, and assesses some of the consequences of that collapse.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gupta, Poonam, Thierry Tressel, and Enrica Detragiache. Finance in Lower Income Countries: An Empirical Exploration. International Monetary Fund, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gupta, Poonam, Thierry Tressel, and Enrica Detragiache. Finance in Lower Income Countries: An Empirical Exploration. International Monetary Fund, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gupta, Poonam, Thierry Tressel, and Enrica Detragiache. Finance in Lower Income Countries: An Empirical Exploration. International Monetary Fund, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Rushbrook, Philip, and Michael Pugh. Solid waste landfills in middle and lower-income countries. The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-4457-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nolan, Brian, and Stefan Thewissen. The Evolution of Living Standards for Middle and Lower Income Households in OECD Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807056.003.0002.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter carries out and presents the findings from an in-depth comparative analysis of real income growth around and below the middle of the income distribution across the rich countries of the OECD over recent decades. It examines trends in real incomes for the entire population and for working age households only, and sets the evolution of incomes around the middle in each country against what has been happening lower down and higher up the distribution. This allows the range of experiences across countries in these terms to be captured, providing the base which subsequent chapters seek to probe and get behind.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sierra-Escalante, Kruskaia, Arthur Karlin, and Morten Lykke Lauridsen. Blended Concessional Finance: Scaling Up Private Investment in Lower-Income Countries. International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/31199.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Lower income countries"

1

Luby, Stephen, and Ronan Arthur. "Risk and Response to Biological Catastrophe in Lower Income Countries." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 85–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_162.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tomson, Goran, and Olivia Biermann. "Health Policy Reform in Low-Income and Lower Middle-Income Countries in Southeast Asia." In The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance, 171–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137384935_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Comandon, Andre, and Paolo Veneri. "Residential Segregation Between Income Groups in International Perspective." In The Urban Book Series, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_2.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter analyzes income data from 194 cities in 14 countries to provide an overview of residential segregation patterns in a comparative perspective. We use the dissimilarity index to measure segregation between lower income households and middle-income and higher income households. The results expand results consistent with existing research to a larger number of countries. Higher income households segregation from lower income households is significantly higher than for middle-income households. High-inequality cities are more segregated, on average, than low-inequality ones. It is in the deviation from these patterns, however, that the analysis contributes to a comparative research agenda. It highlights cities and countries that do not fit general trends and raises questions about the relative role of national and local factors in influencing levels of segregation, questions the case studies delve into in the rest of the volume.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sommers, Christine, and Carielle Joy Rio. "Nursing Education in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries: Context and Trends." In Clinical Education for the Health Professions, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6106-7_117-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Acosta, Isaac, Loreli Álvarez, and Ana Luisa Sosa. "Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries." In Understanding the Context of Cognitive Aging, 105–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70119-2_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Thirthalli, Jagadisha, Thanapal Sivakumar, and Chethan Basavarajappa. "Rehabilitation for Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries." In Mental Health and Illness Worldwide, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0751-4_19-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Thirthalli, Jagadisha, Thanapal Sivakumar, and Chethan Basavarajappa. "Rehabilitation for Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries." In Mental Health and Illness in the Rural World, 365–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2345-3_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

van Ham, Maarten, Tiit Tammaru, Rūta Ubarevičienė, and Heleen Janssen. "Rising Inequalities and a Changing Social Geography of Cities. An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book." In The Urban Book Series, 3–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_1.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe book “Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: a Global Perspective” investigates the link between income inequality and residential segregation between socio-economic groups in 24 large cities and their urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Author teams with in-depth local knowledge provide an extensive analysis of each case study city. Based on their findings, the main results of the book can be summarised as follows. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries, which leads to a convergence of global trends. In many cities the workforce is professionalising, with an increasing share of the top socio-economic groups. In most cities the high-income workers are moving to the centre or to attractive coastal areas, and low-income workers are moving to the edges of the urban region. In some cities, mainly in lower income countries, high-income workers are also concentrating in out-of-centre enclaves or gated communities. The urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than city-wide single-number segregation indices reveal. Taken together, these findings have resulted in the formulation of a Global Segregation Thesis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dang, Thuy T., Nguyen Tran Xuan Linh, and Hau Trung Nguyen. "Operational Performance of Microfinance Institutions: The Case of Lower-Middle Income Countries in Asia." In Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics, 362–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Alcántara-Ayala, Irasema, and Ricardo J. Garnica-Peña. "Landslide Warning Systems in Low-And Lower-Middle-Income Countries: Future Challenges and Societal Impact." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_9.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThere is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of warning systems to reduce landslide disaster risk and avoid the occurrence of disasters. Recent developments in landslide disasters around the world have heightened the need for the implementation of Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWSs) particularly in low-and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and MICs), where levels of vulnerability and exposure are very high. However, no previous study has systematically evaluated the use of LEWSs in LICs and MICs. By means of a systematic review on the scientific literature this chapter explores the ways in which LEWSs have been implemented in LICs and MICs. This research seeks to address the spatial distribution of LEWSs in the world, specifically in LICs and MICs. Special attention is given to reviewing the development of LEWSs in terms of their inclusion in integrated disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies or as standalone initiatives, and the type of approaches followed, either as top-down or bottom-up. The chapter has three key components: (1) to prepare a search and inclusion criteria strategy for systematic literature review to collect a set of articles on LEWSs using the ISI Web of Science database; (2) to organize the literature review set to extract and analyse quantitative and qualitative data and information on LEWSs in LICs and MICs; and (3) to provide insights on a future LEWSs research agenda concerning critical issues and gaps in the literature and identifying main challenges with high societal impact. A noteworthy remark about this review is that only 12.4% of the total publications that met the specified criteria are from LICs and MICs. These papers address diverse dimensions of LEWSs in different degrees, but despite that, the actual use or implementation of LEWSs was addressed only by five papers. This suggests a potential disadvantage in the development and successful systematic implementation of LEWSs in these countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Lower income countries"

1

Tekola Jemberu, Etsub. "Financial Development and Distribution of Income in Low Income and Lower-Middle-Income Countries." In 9th International Conference on New Ideas in Management, Economics and Accounting. Acavent, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/9th.imeaconf.2021.10.09.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Jones, Denise, Syed Taha, Michael S. Jones, Melissa Bauserman, Stuti Pant, Carl Bose, Sudhin Thayyil, Jackie K. Patterson, and Paolo Montaldo. "Informed Consent Rates For Neonatal Randomized Controlled Trials In Low And Lower-Middle Income Countries Versus High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.246.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Koubaa, Rayhane, Sana Rekik, Mohamed Jmaiel, Million Tesfaye, Maame Esi Amekudzi, Muyepa Anthony, Moges Asressie, and Konstantinos Antypas. "Strategic Partnerships in e-Health in Low and Lower Middle-Income Countries in Africa." In 2022 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ist-africa56635.2022.9845638.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Adem Türkmen, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "An Assessment on the Risk of Falling to the Lower-Middle Income Group Beyond the Middle Income Trap." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02698.

Full text
Abstract:
The Turkish economy succeeded in moving from the lower-middle income group to the upper-middle income group in 2005. If Türkiye had been able to sustain its growth performance in 2005 and the following 5-10 years, it could have risen to the class of high-income countries in a not too long period of time. However, it has experienced declines in dollar-denominated income in response to real growth between 2014 and 2020. In this process, a literature began to emerge about Türkiye falling into the middle-income trap. At this point, Türkiye, which had the possibility of rising to the high-income country group in 2013 but declined to the median income in the upper-middle income group as of 2020, seems worth examining with its experiences. In this study, the descriptive analyzes implies that the risk that Türkiye will fall to the lower-middle income level in 2027, if the continuous decline trend in dollar-based income figures in the post-2013 period continues. It can be said that the de-dollarization effects in exchange rates, as a reflection of the improvement in institutional structures and the foreign capital inflows triggered by this, played an important role in the great leap observed in Türkiye’s dollar-based income before 2013. Given the continuous decline in dollar-based income after 2013, it is noted that the deterioration in institutional structures and the dollarization effects in exchange rates are significant.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kumuthini, Judit. "Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) Device Utilisation at the Edge in Lower and Middle Income Countries." In 2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732567.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kumuthini, Judit. "Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) Device Utilisation at the Edge in Lower and Middle Income Countries." In 2021 Eighth International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sds54264.2021.9732135.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

FERUNI, Nerajda. "MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF HAPPINESS: CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.23.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to test empirically the relationship between life satisfaction, another term used for happiness, and macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita, which is a proxy for economic growth, unemployment, inflation, income distribution and government expenditure in the European Union countries during the period of 2005-2017. The chosen variables are some of the most significant determinants of economic growth as well. Using the Fixed Effects model, which falls under the Panel Generalized Least Square method, the empirical results are in accordance with the literature review and suggest that unemployment and inflation have negative significant impacts on life satisfaction. Additionally, higher government expenditures and a higher level of economic growth lead to a higher level of life satisfaction in the EU countries, while unfair income distribution leads to a lower level of life satisfaction. Keywords: life satisfaction, macroeconomic indicators, economic growth, EU
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gillard, Joel, and Terry Smith. "A Model for Sustainable Orthopedic Care in Low and Middle Income Countries." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23332.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper describes a scalable and sustainable patient care model for low and middle-income countries (LMICs) that can improve the standard of care for hospitals with scarce resources and an ever growing backlog of patients. SIGN Fracture Care International (SIGN), a non-profit, humanitarian medical device organization, has developed technical solutions over the last 20 years, to address the yearly increasing number of patients affected by upper and lower extremity trauma, using a three-pronged approach. The model includes effective training of in-country local surgeons on current orthopaedic techniques; providing an on-going supply of appropriately designed surgical implants and instruments manufactured to ISO 13485 and FDA standards; and evaluating patient outcomes until healing occurs to validate the model is truly benefiting patients and the hospital throughput. By providing equal access to technology, knowledge, and timely feedback, LMIC surgeons can provide vital orthopedic care to their local communities and sustainably respond to the daily trauma cases they encounter and enable patients to return to work, school, keep families on the path out of poverty, and improve the lives of future generations. The model is describe in detail in the hopes that other entities can utilize the principles for additional healthcare specialties around the world.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Vecino-Ortiz, Andres I., Aisha Jafri, and Adnan A. Hyder. "PW 0669 Mortality impacts of interventions for unintentional injuries: prioritizing effective interventions for lower and middle-income countries." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.464.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Khan, Y., A. Ali, C. Bell, D. Ratan, S. Datt, and S. Mehta. "Women, Visible Minorities and Residents of Lower-Middle Income Countries Are Underrepresented in Leading Respirology and Critical Care Journals." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4167.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Lower income countries"

1

Nordhagen, Stella. Supporting gender equity through food system businesses in lower-income countries. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36072/wp.11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Dalabajan, Dante, Ruth Mayne, Blandina Bobson, Hadeel Qazzaz, Henry Ushie, Jacobo Ocharan, Jason Farr, et al. Towards a Just Energy Transition: Implications for communities in lower- and middle-income countries. Oxfam, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9936.

Full text
Abstract:
More frequent or intense floods, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and typhoons devastate people’s homes, livelihoods and the natural world. A clean energy transition is urgently needed to reduce carbon emissions and prevent the impacts worsening. Wealthy countries have the prime historic responsibility for the climate crisis and therefore for its mitigation. But as the clean energy transition gathers speed, it inevitably also impacts lower-income, lower-emitting countries and communities. This research report, written by 20 co-authors from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, the US and Europe, investigates the implications of the energy transition for them, and asks how the world can achieve a truly just, as well as fast, transition. The findings highlight the stark choice facing humanity. If the transition is undertaken with justice and respect for communities’ rights at its heart, it offers an unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously mitigate the climate crisis and reduce poverty and inequality. Conversely, an unjust transition, which entrenches or exacerbates inequalities, risks generating public resistance and slowing the transition with devastating human consequences.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Koster, T., J. M. Bosselaar, and Y. Waarts. Designing and evaluating support programmes in Lower and Middle Income countries : A handbook for Martin Bauer Group. The Hague: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/527060.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Corlin Christensen, Rasmus, Martin Hearson, and Tovony Randriamanalina. At the Table, Off the Menu? Assessing the Participation of Lower-Income Countries in Global Tax Negotiations. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.004.

Full text
Abstract:
Since 2013, the formal structure of global corporate tax policymaking at the OECD has changed. Decisions are no longer made by 37 OECD members, but by 137 countries from all regions and levels of development through the ‘Inclusive Framework’ (IF). Official documentation emphasises that all countries participate on an ‘equal footing’, but some participants and observers have emphasised that developing countries in particular face practical obstacles that lead to unequal participation in practice. In this paper, we assess these claims, drawing primarily on 48 interviews with negotiators, policymakers and stakeholders involved in global tax discussions. We find that the explosion in formal membership has not in itself led to the step-change in developing country influence that the raw numbers imply. This is because of a combination of structural obstacles that are not unique to the IF, and some challenging aspects of the OECD’s way of working. Yet, lower-income countries have made some modest achievements to date, and there are signs of incremental progress towards a more effective presence. We develop a typology of mechanisms through which successes have been achieved: association with the efforts of more powerful states, anticipation of lower-income countries’ needs by the OECD secretariat and others, collaboration to form more powerful coalitions, and the emergence of expert negotiators with individual authority.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fitzpatrick, Rachael, and Helen West. Improving Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation to Cimate Change Through Education in Low- and Lower-middle Income Countries. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.083.

Full text
Abstract:
Climate resilience is the ability to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to hazardous events, trends, or disturbances related to climate (C2ES, 2022). Mitigation focuses on reducing the human impacts contributing to climate change (Burton, 2007, cited in Rousell & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, 2020). Adaptation is about increasing people’s adaptive capacity, reducing the vulnerability of communities and managing risks (Anderson, 2012). Anderson further defines adaptation as not just being able to adapt from one stable climate to another but having the skills to adapt to uncertainty and make informed decisions in a changing environment. While ‘climate change’ is the term used throughout these briefs, it should be read as a shorthand for a more inclusive approach, which also captures associated environmental degradation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned, in their latest report, that global surface temperatures will continue to increase until 2050 (IPCC, 2021, p. 17). This will take place regardless of human intervention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The report also warns that the traditional technocratic approaches are insufficient to tackle the challenge of climate change, and that greater focus on the structural causes is needed. High- and upper-middle-income countries have been persistently shown to be the biggest contributors to the global carbon dioxide emissions, with lower income countries facing the most disruptive climate hazards, with Africa countries particularly vulnerable (CDP, 2020; IPCC, 2021). The vulnerability of low-income contexts exacerbates this risk, as there is often insufficient infrastructure and resources to ensure resilience to climate hazards (IPCC, 2021). For decades, advocates of climate change education have been highlighting the potential of education to help mitigate against climate change, and support adaptation efforts. However, implementation has been patchy, with inconsistent approaches and a lack of evidence to help determine the most effective way forward.This paper is divided into three sections, drawing together evidence on the key aspects of system reform,green and resilient infrastructure and Curriculum, pedagogy, assessment and teacher development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Al Zadjali, Basma. Men’s knowledge, attitudes and practice in relation to birth spacing in lower- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0085.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Stewart-Wilson, Graeme, and Ronald Waiswa. Taxing Agricultural Income in the Global South: Revisiting Uganda’s National Debate. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.008.

Full text
Abstract:
The issue of agricultural taxation has almost completely disappeared from the scholarly and policy agendas in recent decades. And yet, agriculture is taxed very lightly despite contributing substantially to GDP across many Global South countries today. In some cases, light-touch taxation may be necessary to encourage investment in the sector and to protect small and subsistence farmers. However, anecdotal evidence from countries like Uganda suggests that there are a substantial number of high-income earners engaged in agricultural activities that are sheltered almost completely from any form of taxation. More effectively taxing these high-income earners could provide much-needed resources to finance public service provision in lower-income countries. The time is ripe, this paper argues, to revitalise discussions about how best to tax the agriculture sector.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Melo-Becerra, Ligia Alba, and María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo. Transport infrastructure and technical efficiency in a panel of countries: Accounting for endogeneity in a stochastic frontier model. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1187.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, a global production frontier is estimated using stochastic frontier models to assess the contribution of transport infrastructure to countries’ performance. We find that the role of infrastructure is underestimated under the exogeneity assumption indicating that handling endogeneity is crucial in the estimation. Results suggest that a better endowment of infrastructure contributes to economic growth, highlighting its importance in explaining differences in the economic performance of countries. Efficiency measures indicate that high-income countries are more efficient than low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that there is room for improving economic performance in countries with a lower income level. Better institutions also are essential to foster countries’ economic output.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Chauvin, Juan Pablo, Annabelle Fowler, and Nicolás Herrera L. The Younger Age Profile of COVID-19 Deaths in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002879.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper examines why a larger share of COVID-19 deaths occurs among young and middle-aged adults in developing countries than in high-income countries. Using novel data at the country, city, and patient levels, we investigate the drivers of this gap in terms of the key components of the standard Susceptible-Infected-Recovered framework. We obtain three main results. First, we show that the COVID-19 mortality age gap is not explained by younger susceptible populations in developing countries. Second, we provide indirect evidence that higher infection rates play a role, showing that variables linked to faster COVID-19 spread such as residential crowding and labor informality are correlated with younger mortality age profiles across cities. Third, we show that lower recovery rates in developing countries account for nearly all of the higher death shares among young adults, and for almost half of the higher death shares among middle-aged adults. Our evidence suggests that lower recovery rates in developing countries are driven by a higher prevalence of preexisting conditions that have been linked to more severe COVID-19 complications, and by more limited access to hospitals and intensive care units in some countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sánchez-Páez, David A. Effects of income inequality on COVID-19 infections and deaths during the first wave of the pandemic: Evidence from European countries. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Evidence from research on infectious diseases suggests that income inequality is related to higher rates of infection and death in disadvantaged population groups. Our objective is to examine whether there was an association between income inequality and the numbers of cases and deaths during the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic in European countries. We determined the duration of the first wave by first smoothing the number of daily cases, and then using a LOESS regression to fit the smoothed trend. Next, we estimated quasi-Poisson regressions. Results from the bivariate models suggest there was a moderate positive association between the Gini index values and the cumulated number of infections and deaths during the first wave, although the statistical significance of this association disappeared when controls were included. Results from multivariate models suggest that higher numbers of infections and deaths from COVID-19 were associated with countries having more essential workers, larger elderly populations and lower health care capacities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Lower income countries' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography