Academic literature on the topic 'Lower back pain'

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Journal articles on the topic "Lower back pain"

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Khalimova, Dilrabo Jalilovna. "RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-6.

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In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions
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Khalimova, Dilrabo Jalilovna. "RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-6.

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In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions
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Castillo, Eric R., and Daniel E. Lieberman. "Lower back pain." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2015, no. 1 (2015): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eou034.

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Blenkinsopp, Alison, Paul Paxton, John Blenkinsopp, and Sandy Reid. "Lower back pain." Primary Health Care 13, no. 10 (December 2003): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc2003.12.13.10.35.c201.

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Nordin, Margareta, Federico Balagu??, and Christine Cedraschi. "Nonspecific Lower-back Pain." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 443, : (February 2006): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000198721.75976.d9.

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Wirick, Dawn M., and Lee A. Teufel-Prida. "Chronic Lower Back Pain." Family Journal 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718756845.

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Chronic lower back pain is a major health concern involving physical, financial, and social costs for many patients and their family members. Contemporary pain management is guided by the biopsychosocial model in which a professional counselor can contribute to recovery through integrated behavioral health care. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral activation interventions are effective in breaking the cycle of chronic pain. Successful outcomes involve partners and family members in CBT, education, and structural family interventions. A case study is presented to examine thoughts and feelings associated with chronic lower back pain. CBT and family interventions contribute to recovery of functions, meaningful roles, and health in relationships.
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Popescu, Adrian, and Haewon Lee. "Neck Pain and Lower Back Pain." Medical Clinics of North America 104, no. 2 (March 2020): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.11.003.

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Parfenov, V. A. "Causes of lower back pain." Russian neurological journal 24, no. 5 (January 15, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2019-24-5-14-20.

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Swathy, S., and V. Gowri Sethu. "Acupuncture and lower back pain." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 8, no. 8 (2015): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2015.00165.1.

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Moosajee, Farzana, and Asgar Ali Kalla. "Approach to lower back pain." South African Medical Journal 105, no. 12 (November 16, 2015): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2015.v105i12.10249.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lower back pain"

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Shojaei, Iman. "LOWER BACK BIOMECHANICS AT NON-CHRONIC STAGE OF LOW BACK PAIN." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/52.

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Prior studies have reported differences in lower back biomechanics during activities of daily living between individuals with and without chronic low back pain (LBP). Nevertheless, the literature on lower back biomechanics of patients with non-chronic LBP is scant. Therefore, the objective of this study, as the first step towards future prospective studies, was to investigate the lower back biomechanics in patients with non-chronic LBP. Case-control studies were conducted wherein measures of lumbo-pelvic coordination during bending and return tasks as well as measures of mechanical demand on the lower back during lifting tasks in the sagittal plane were investigated between patients with non-chronic LBP and matched asymptomatic individuals. Patients were enrolled into the study at the non-chronic stage of their LBP. We found distinct difference in measures of lumbo-pelvic coordination as well as mechanical demands on the lower back between patients with non-chronic LBP and controls. Reduced lumbar range of flexion and slower task pace as well as the more in-phase and less variable lumbo-pelvic coordination observed in patients with non-chronic low back pain, may be the result of a neuromuscular adaptation to reduce the forces and deformation in the lower back tissues and avoid pain aggravation. Such a neuromuscular adaptation, however, resulted in a larger shearing demand on the lower back. Persistent abnormal lumbo-pelvic coordination might play a role in transition to chronic stage or recurrence of LBP. However, such inferences need to be further investigated using prospective studies as well as clinical trials involving a combination of physical and psychological treatments aimed at correction of lumbo-pelvic coordination.
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Maher, Christopher Gerard. "Clinical management of low back pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17968.

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The 42 peer-reviewed journal publications in this DMedSc thesis are a subset of Prof Chris Maher’s 574 publications for the period 1988 – January 2018. The information in the published work is derived from his research and scholarship in this period. The publications are grouped in the following eight chapters: introduction to low back pain, triggers for low back pain, prevention, screening for serious pathology, prognosis, pharmacological management, non-pharmacological management and evidence-practice gaps.
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Gregory, Erik W. "Whole-body vibration and the lower back the effect of whole-body vibration on pain in the lower back /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1714.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 81 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-46).
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Marsden, Mandy. "The epidemiology and risk associated with lower back pain in cyclists." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12114.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-98).
Aims of this thesis: the research reported in this thesis consists of a literature review and two research parts. In the first research part, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted, to investigate 1) the epidemiology and 2) the nature of LBP in cyclists, and 3) possible risk factors associated with LBP in cyclists. In the second research part, a case control study was conducted, to investigate the association between LBP in cyclists and 1) flexibility and 2) anthropometric measurements, and 3) bicycle set-up parameters.
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Kopinski, Stephan [Verfasser], and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "The neuromuscular efficiency of lower back muscles in low back pain / Stephan Kopinski ; Betreuer: Frank Mayer." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218401214/34.

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Barriera, Viruet Heriberto. "Effect of forklift operation on lower back pain an evidence-based approach /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148264126.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 4, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: lower-back pain, forklift operation, evidence-based, meta-analysis, whole-body vibration. Includes bibliographical references.
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Olson, Daniel A. "An evaluation of aquatic therapy as a treatment for lower back pain." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/489.

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Lower back pain (LBP) is a medical condition that will affect most of us at some point in our lives. Several medical causes have been identified for LBP, yet the large majority of LBP patients do not receive a specific diagnosis. These patients use up a large majority of health care resources, and accumulate billions of dollars in medical costs in countries throughout the globe. In recent years, an increasing focus has been placed on the idea that aquatic therapy may be an effective therapy for LBP patients. Exercise therapy has already proven itself as an effective means for treating LBP. Thus, combined with the unique properties of water, experts believe that aquatic therapy is the future of LBP treatment. This thesis aims to explore the efficacy of aquatic therapy as a treatment for LBP. Through the analysis of controlled peer-reviewed studies, scholarly information databases, and historical data on LBP treatment, this thesis evaluates the relationship between aquatic therapy and LBP in its entirety. Scientific properties of water have shown its many uses in rehabilitative therapy treatments. Water, in theory, is able to manipulate the exercise environment to allow for more substantial progress to be made. In studies where aquatic therapy was tested versus no treatment, aquatic therapy proved to be a more efficient and effective option. Still, when placed against other therapies, aquatic therapy did not always prove more effective. While the analyzed studies support the idea that aquatic therapy is an effective treatment for LBP, further research is needed to determine how aquatic therapy holds up against other forms of treatment.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Health Sciences
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BARRIERA, VIRUET HERIBERTO. "EFFECT OF FORKLIFT OPERATION ON LOWER BACK PAIN - AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148264126.

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Trevelyan, Fiona Catherine. "The implementation and evaluation of an ergonomics intervention in a health care setting." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326894.

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Tirotti, Saragiotto Bruno. "The contemporary management of non-specific low back pain: treatment, mechanisms and outcomes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16904.

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The broad aim of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of the contemporary management of non-specific low back pain (LBP) by investigating treatment options, mechanisms and outcomes. Chapter Two investigated the effectiveness of paracetamol for LBP in a Cochrane systematic review revealing high-quality evidence that there is no difference between paracetamol and placebo for acute LBP. Chapter Three and Chapter Four are two Cochrane reviews investigating the effectiveness of motor control exercise (MCE) for acute and chronic LBP. For acute, there is low to moderate quality evidence indicating no clinically important differences between MCE and manual therapy or other exercises. For chronic, there is low to high quality evidence that MCE is effective for pain and function compared with minimal intervention, but not clinically different from other exercises or manual therapy. Chapter Five evaluated the clinimetric properties of the Lumbar Spine Instability Questionnaire (LSIQ) in 107 people with LBP. The LSIQ seemed a unidimensional measure and had adequate reliability. However, it had poor internal consistency and did not function as an interval-level measure. Chapter Six investigated the credibility of subgroup claims in LBP trials using a 10-item checklist addressing design, analysis, and context. The credibility of subgroup claims was typically low and overstated by authors. Chapter Seven is a viewpoint exploring the advantages and disadvantages of subgroup analyses, considering the progress made to date, and the relevant literature in adjacent fields. Chapter Eight, a secondary analysis of Cochrane reviews, showed that LBP treatments usually provide larger effects for pain than for disability. The studies in this thesis have provided an important contribution to the contemporary management of LBP. The main implications are: i) paracetamol should not be endorsed in guidelines; ii) MCE is effective for chronic LBP, although it is not superior to other exercises; iii) subgroups in LBP have low credibility and lack validation, but a simple checklist can help improve research in this area; iv) the LSIQ needs more studies to understand its use and construct measured; and v) pain intensity should still be the primary measure of treatment success in chronic pain.
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Books on the topic "Lower back pain"

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Cure for lower back pain. Orange, Calif: Abundant Health, 2008.

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Ferguson, Fraser. A pocketbook of managing lower back pain. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2009.

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Rosenblum, David, and Ralph Bar-El. Ultrasound Guided Interventions for Lower Back Pain. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93526-9.

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DiNubile, Nicholas A. Framework for the lower back: A 6-step plan for treating lower back pain. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 2009.

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DiNubile, Nicholas A. Framework for the lower back: A 6-step plan for treating lower back pain. New York, NY: Rodale, 2009.

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DiNubile, Nicholas A. Framework for the lower back: A 6-step plan for treating lower back pain. New York, NY: Rodale, 2009.

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DiNubile, Nicholas A. Framework for the lower back: A 6-step plan for treating lower back pain. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 2009.

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Thiele, Rainer. Chiropractic Treatment for Headache and Lower Back Pain. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27058-2.

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Guarino, Anthony H. Get your lower back pain under control--and get on with life. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

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Scott, Judith. Good-bye to bad backs: Stretching and strengthening exercises for alignment and freedom from lower back pain. 2nd ed. Pennington, NJ: Princeton Book Co., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lower back pain"

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Shamil, Eamon, Praful Ravi, and Ashish Chandra. "Lower Back Pain." In 100 Cases in Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 231–32. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003242697-81.

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Schug, Stephan A., and T. Shah. "Lower Back Pain, Acute." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 1742–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_2220.

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Cooper, Grant. "Discogenic Lower Back Pain." In Non-Operative Treatment of the Lumbar Spine, 21–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21443-6_5.

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Marcus, Dawn A. "Back and Lower Extremity Pain." In Chronic Pain, 101–28. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-465-4_7.

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Zauk, Jenna E., Patrick B. Senatus, and Christopher J. Winfree. "Lower Back Pain, Physical Examination." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 1743–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_2221.

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Cooper, Grant. "Exercises for Lower Back Pain." In Non-Operative Treatment of the Lumbar Spine, 85–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21443-6_16.

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Cooper, Grant. "Treatment of Acute Lower Back Pain." In Non-Operative Treatment of the Lumbar Spine, 15–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21443-6_3.

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Aboumerhi, Hassan, and Tariq Malik. "Lower Back Pain in an Elderly Patient." In Practical Chronic Pain Management, 269–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46675-6_34.

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Andersson, Gunnar B. J., and Thomas W. McNeill. "The patient with severe unremitting lower back pain." In Lumbar Spine Syndromes, 87–92. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8981-8_7.

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Hedrich, Christian M. "Bone Pain in Upper Leg, Hip, Lower Back." In Pediatric Immunology, 583–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21262-9_108.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lower back pain"

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Paramesti, Mutia A., Aisyah F. Prawiningrum, Akhmad D. H. Syababa, Hugi R. Munggaran, Suksmandhira Harimurti, Widyawardana Adiprawita, Isa Anshori, and Indria Herman. "Lower Back Pain Classification Using Machine Learning." In 2019 Asia Pacific Conference on Research in Industrial and Systems Engineering (APCoRISE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcorise46197.2019.9318818.

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Magh, A., C. A. Verdick, and C. Castaneda. "Brucellosis an Uncommon Cause of Lower Back Pain." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7500.

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Antipov, Vladimir. "MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF COMPLEX LOWER BACK PAIN SYNDROME." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2673.sudak.ns2022-18/53.

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Kese, Anamaria. "THE EFFICIENCY OF KINETIC PROGRAM IN LOWER BACK PAIN REHABILITATION." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.3/s12.062.

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Zhou, Qian, Bo Sun, Yunsheng Song, and Shuang Li. "K-means Clustering Based Undersampling for Lower Back Pain Data." In ICBDT 2020: 2020 3rd International Conference on Big Data Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3422713.3422725.

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Sandag, Green Arther, Natalia Elisabet Tedry, and Steven Lolong. "Classification of Lower Back Pain Using K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm." In 2018 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citsm.2018.8674361.

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Syafitri, Rifa Rindayani, Ira Suarilah, and Makhfudli. "Factors Affecting Lower Back Pain (LBP) among Undergraduate Nursing Students." In The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008321701380145.

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Roy, S. H., D. Casavant, M. Emley, L. D. Gilmore, and C. J. De Luca. "EMG spectral analysis of muscle fatigue associated with chronic lower back pain." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94957.

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Bhatt, Mittal, Vishal Dahiya, and Arvind Singh. "Supervised Learning Algorithm: SVM with Advanced Kernel to classify Lower Back Pain." In 2019 International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing (COMITCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comitcon.2019.8862181.

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Shabrina, Ghassani, Billy Muhamad Iqbal, and Danu Hadi Syaifullah. "Effect of Shoes on Lower Extremity Pain and Low Back Pain During Prolonged Standing on a Sloping Medium." In 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciibms.2018.8550022.

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Reports on the topic "Lower back pain"

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Lucas, Jacqueline, Eric Connor, and Jonaki Bose. Back, Lower Limb, and Upper Limb Pain Among U.S. Adults, 2019. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:107894.

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This report provides national estimates of any pain regardless of body region as well as estimates of back, upper limb (hips, knees, or feet) pain in the past 3 months among U.S. adults aged 18 and over by selected sociodemographic characteristics.
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Wang, Zifeng, Zijian Yan, and Aiguo Gao. Efficacy of Pilates in the treatment of lower back pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0004.

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Kwak, Sang Gyu, Yoo Jin Choo, Soyoung Kwak, and Min Cheol Chang. Efficacy of Transforaminal, Interlaminar, and Caudal Epidural Injections in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0091.

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Review question / Objective: Epidural injection (EI) has been used to manage lower back or radicular leg pain from herniation of lumbar disc (HLD). Three types of EI techniques, including transforaminal (TFEI) interlaminar (ILEI), and caudal epidural injections (CEI), are being applied. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effect of TFESI, ILEI, and CEI for reducing pain or improving function in patients with HLD. Condition being studied: For controlling inflammation by the HLD, various oral medications and procedures are used. Among these therapeutic methods, EI of the drugs is frequently used in clinical practice. Its positive HLD-induced pain reducing effect was reported in several previous studies. Three types of techniques, including TFEI, ILEI, and CEI, have been utilized in clinical practice. conflicting outcomes as to which technique is superior were reported in previous studies. So far, some meta-analysis studies for comparing the effects of different EI techniques on HLD were conducted. However, these previous studies conducted comparison between two procedures among TFEI, ILEI, and CEI. In the current study, using network meta-analysis, we synthesize and compare the effects of TFEI, ILEI, and CEI on pain from HLD, together.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.

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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Paracetamol may be ineffective in treating lower back pain. National Institute for Health Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000102.

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