Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Lower- and Middle-Income Countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Lower- and Middle-Income Countries.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Lower- and Middle-Income Countries"

1

Olayemi, Edeghonghon, Eugenia V. Asare, and Amma A. Benneh-Akwasi Kuma. "Guidelines in lower-middle income countries." British Journal of Haematology 177, no. 6 (March 14, 2017): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14583.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pratysto, Tangguh, and Ingrid Panjaitan. "Eradicating Income Inequality in Lower Middle-Income Countries." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 20, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v20i2.8517.

Full text
Abstract:
Studying the distribution of income is an important issue to know what factors which affect to make income distribution more equitable, what factors can be the key to resolving the problem of income inequality, and shortening the distance between the poor and the rich. This paper studies the relationship between human capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, physical capital, fiscal expenditure, gross domestic product growth, and urbanization on income inequality in 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries throughout 1990-2014. The authors estimate the impact of seven independent variables on income inequality as a dependent using Prais-Winsten with the robust model over period 1990-2014 at 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries. The results indicate an increase in human capital (gross school enrollment tertiary) can make the income distribution more even in the long run. The writers conclude that increases in human capital can reduce Gini coefficient and hence make income distribution fairer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Roberts, David J., Nichola Cooper, and Imelda Bates. "Haematology in Lower and Middle Income Countries." British Journal of Haematology 177, no. 6 (March 29, 2017): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14639.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Turner, Hugo C., Guy E. Thwaites, and Hannah E. Clapham. "Vaccine-preventable diseases in lower-middle-income countries." Lancet Infectious Diseases 18, no. 9 (September 2018): 937–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30478-x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Makinen, M., M. Kaddar, V. Molldrem, and L. Wilson. "New vaccine adoption in lower-middle-income countries." Health Policy and Planning 27, suppl 2 (April 17, 2012): ii39—ii49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs036.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Okwen, Patrick M. "Evidence implementation in lower- and middle-income countries." JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports 15, no. 9 (September 2017): 2227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003559.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kabir, M. Adnan, and Ashraf Ahmed. "An empirical approach to understanding the lower-middle and upper-middle income traps." International Journal of Development Issues 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-09-2018-0138.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that are significant in contributing to the per capita income growth of countries that are experiencing or have experienced the lower-middle and upper-middle income traps. Design/methodology/approach The study comprises 85 countries over the period 1960 to 2017 spanning across three income groups: lower-middle, upper-middle and high. A panel data structure was used to run a fixed effect and random effect estimation on three models of income groups. The Hausman specification test, which was used for further statistical fitness, confirmed the appropriateness of fixed effect over the random in explaining the estimation of factor variables. Findings The results show that unemployment is a pervasive problem that negatively affect countries at all income levels. Foreign direct investment and population of dependents are associated with economic progression of countries that have experienced or are experiencing the lower-middle income trap. Furthermore, rising income inequality and foreign aid assistance are detrimental to countries that have experienced or are experiencing the upper-middle income trap. Moreover, income inequality, disproportionate urban population and rising dependent population are damaging for high income countries that never experienced any of the middle-income traps. Conversely, openness to trade, inflation and exchange rate volatility had limited capacity in explaining growth dynamics. Research limitations/implications This study could not incorporate geopolitical, demographic, geographical and other such exogenous factors, which could have episodes of influences on the economic development of countries. These were outside the study's realm of quantitative analysis. Originality/value This paper contributes to existing literature by providing an empirical cross-sectional comparative analysis of countries belonging to different income groups. The prevailing literature lacks such a cross-tabulated presentation of factors affecting countries that avoided the middle income trap and those that could not.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Scott, Christiaan, Sujata Sawhney, and Laura B. Lewandowski. "Pediatric Rheumatic Disease in Lower to Middle-Income Countries." Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 48, no. 1 (February 2022): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2021.09.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kredo, Tamara, Nathan Ford, Folasade B. Adeniyi, and Paul Garner. "Decentralising HIV treatment in lower- and middle-income countries." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 132, no. 6 (December 2014): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.20141326t2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hartisa, Novilia, and Dewi Zaini Putri. "Analisis Kausalitas Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Korupsi dan Kemiskinan di Negara Lower Middel Income Asean." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v3i1.13514.

Full text
Abstract:
This study is to see whether there is a causal relationship between income inequality, corruption and poverty in ASEAN countries. This study uses a panel of data in five lower middle income countries in ASEAN from 2010-2018, using the Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) processing method. From the results of the investigation that: (1) There is a causality relationship between income inequality and corruption in the five lower middle income countries in ASEAN, (2) There is no causality relationship between income inequality and poverty in the five lower middle income countries in ASEAN, but only there is a one-way relationship of income and corruption in five lower middle income countries in ASEAN, (3) There is no causal relationship between corruption and poverty either one way or reciprocally in five lower middle income countries in ASEAN.S
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lower- and Middle-Income Countries"

1

Yu, Weiyu. "Spatial analysis and modelling of drinking water service in low and lower-middle income countries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422173/.

Full text
Abstract:
Drinking water is a basic necessity and plays a vital role in improving general health and wellbeing. Following recognition of the essential human right to drinking water, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have included a dedicated Goal 6 (Target 6.1) for drinking water, which addresses a broad range of issues such as availability, accessibility, water quality, and inequalitiesin service. The expanded need for more sophisticated SDG monitoring therefore places high demands on data sources. By combining spatial analysis and modelling techniques with water point data sets, this study proposes several approaches to combine scarce information relating to drinking water services and thereby to facilitate national SDG monitoring. Specifically, spatial integration with water point data was found to be an effective way to add value to conventional data sources such as censuses for monitoring drinking water. In addition, MaxEnt-based predictive modelling method was employed to predict the potential geographical distribution of drinking water supply in the absence of completely surveyed national water point inventories; outputs for Cambodian and Tanzanian examples showed good discriminatory power based on AUCs (0.791 and 0.860 respectively). Although the MaxEnt modelled surface could not replace real water point surveys, it could reasonably give an indication of the potential distribution of water supply and thereby to be used to reveal hidden inequalities in drinking water services, or to investigate surrounding issues by combing with other geospatial data sets.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mumuni, Zakari. "Essays on macroeconomic policy and inflation in lower-income countries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52432/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis critically analyses the deficits-inflation nexus and inflation targeting in lower-income countries. Previous research has found a significant relationship between fiscal deficits and inflation in low-income countries, but not in high-income countries. It is shown here that the crucial factor is the quality of institutions. The relationship holds in countries with weak institutions, but not in those with strong institutions, even if their per capita GDP is quite low. The implication is that institutional improvements can enhance macroeconomic outcomes in poor countries. The robustness of the findings is tested using various measures of institutional quality. On the other hand, we provide new insights on inflation targeting (IT) in low-income countries. Previous research on inflation targeting has focused on high-income and emerging market economies since low-income countries (LICs) were slow to adopt the framework. Only recently has enough data accumulated for the performance of IT in LICs to be assessed. We show that unlike in emerging markets, in LICs IT is not been effective in reducing inflation. Weak institutions, a typical feature in LICs, do help explain this especially when we examine their role under floating exchange rate regimes. Finally, we characterise monetary policy in Ghana, one of the earliest low-income countries to adopt an IT framework, but where IT has not been very successful in reducing the levels and volatility of inflation within a modified Taylor rule. We investigate whether poor conduct of monetary policy is responsible for the poor performance of IT and find that is not. Monetary policy reaction functions are similar to those estimated for countries with successful monetary policies, and interest rates respond in the theoretically recommended way to inflation shocks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lundmark, Albin, and Emma Roxström. "Urbanization and economic freedom - are they threats to air quality? : Evidence from a panel study of low and lower-middle-income countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435088.

Full text
Abstract:
Air pollution (in terms of PM2.5) is severe in developing countries, and the rapid population growth accompanied by urbanization may limit their potential economic development. This paper aims to investigate if urbanization and economic freedom cause higher levels of PM2.5 in developing countries. By measuring the potential effect of economic freedom on PM2.5 with the Ease of Doing Business-score by the World Bank, a new measure is introduced to the research on socioeconomic factors’ influence on air pollution. It is done by running both fixed effects- and system GMM regressions on a panel consisting of 63 low- and lower-middle-income economies between 2010-2017. The results indicate that PM2.5 is insensitive to changes in both variables and that urbanization’s effect on PM2.5 depends on the level of economic freedom and vice versa. However, both estimators may suffer from bias, and thus, the real relationship of urbanization and economic freedom on PM2.5 remains uncertain.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Burr, Peter William. "The financial costs of delivering rural water and sanitation services in lower-income countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9312.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite the impressive progress over the last two decades in which millions of people worldwide have gained first time access to improved water and sanitation infrastructure, the reality for many is that shortly after infrastructure construction the actual service received by users slips back to unacceptably low levels. However, due to inadequate research and inconsistencies with how data and cost data has been collected and reported, very little is known of the necessary levels of expenditure required to sustain an acceptable (so called “basic”) water and sanitation service and this inhibits effective financial planning for households, communities, governments and donors alike. This thesis sought to provide a better understanding of what has historically been spent to provide different levels of water and sanitation services as a means to better understand the necessary expenditure required. Empirical findings are based on a large data sample of nearly 2,000 water points, over 4,000 latrines, and over 12,000 household surveys, which have been collected as part of three research projects (WASHCost, Triple-S, and WASHCost Sierra Leone), across five country research areas (Andhra Pradesh (India), Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, and Sierra Leone). Findings for water supply systems show that the combination of high capital investments of: $19 and $69 per person for community point sources and $33 – $216 per person for piped systems; and low recurrent expenditures of: $0.06 - $0.37 per person per year for point sources and $0.58 - $7.87 per person per year for piped systems; results in less than half of users receiving a “basic” level of service. Evidence based estimates of the required expenditure for acceptable services are found to be far greater than the “effective demand” expressed in terms of the willingness to pay of service users and national government for these services. Findings for sanitation show that constructing a household latrine that achieves “basic” service standards requires a financial investment of at least $40 that is likely to be an unaffordable barrier for many households in lower income countries. In addition the costs and affordability of periodic pit emptying remains a concern. Ultimately this research suggests that if international standard of improved water and sanitation services are to be sustained in rural areas, the international sector will likely have to provide additional investments to meet a significant proportion of the recurrent costs of delivering these services.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pimenta, de Castro Fonseca Catarina. "The death of the communal handpump? : rural water and sanitation household costs in lower-income countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8512.

Full text
Abstract:
Rural water supply and sanitation in low and middle income countries face the same challenges now as in the 1970s. Despite massive efforts in providing communal “borehole with handpump” and “improved latrines” to improve the lives of millions of people, this traditional approach to development is failing to deliver long lasting improved services - even if for the last 40 years many attempts have been made to solve problems in the approach. The main research question is “Can low-income rural families pay for rural water supply and sanitation?” This thesis has analysed household poverty and costs on water and sanitation services in Mozambique and Ghana based on 3,049 surveys collected between 2009-2010 by the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre WASHCost project. Evidence shows that even extreme poor households can and do pay for improved water and sanitation services. However, households prefer to pay for more expensive services to reduce the distance required to collect water instead of paying for the cheaper maintenance of communal (further away) sources. For sanitation, without targeted support towards the poorest, improved latrines might be unaffordable. Also, without follow up support, behaviour change and health impact will not be sustained. Small increases in the wealth of the poorest have a large impact on the services demanded in terms of quantity, distance and time spend as well as an increase in the level of capital and maintenance expenditure. Ultimately, the world now is not the same as in the 1970s and for achieving universal sustainable coverage for water and sanitation we need to rethink the failed traditional approach to development in low income countries with a deeper understanding of the market segmentation in the lowest quintile of the population and their real aspirations and demand.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Alzien, Salahadein Ahmed [Verfasser], Rafig [Akademischer Betreuer] Azzam, and Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß. "Rehabilitation of sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon by using sustainable remediation approach in lower and middle-income countries : Libya as a case study / Salahadein Ahmed Alzien ; Rafig Azzam, Holger Weiß." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1189672022/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Viglietti, Paola. "Maternal alcohol consumption and socio-demographic determinants of neurocognitive function of school children in the rural Western Cape." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33095.

Full text
Abstract:
Background. Within the South African context there is a large body of research regarding the associations between maternal gestational drinking and diagnosable child FASDs. However, there remains a paucity of local research regarding the impacts of other kinds of maternal drinking behaviours (e.g. past and present maternal drinking) and related socio-demographic factors on developmentally sensitive areas of child neurocognitive functioning, such as executive functioning (EF). Methods. This study was cross-sectional in design, utilising a gender balanced sample of N=464 children between the ages of 9.00 and 15.12 (year.months) in three rural areas within the Western Cape. Information regarding maternal drinking behaviours (before, during and after pregnancy) and related socio-demographic factors was collected via structured interviews with mothers or proxy respondents. Six subtests from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery (CANTAB), were used to assess three aspects of child EF namely: (1) processing speed, assessed by the MOT and RTI subtests, (2) attention, assessed by the MTT and RVP subtests and (3) memory, assessed by the SWM and PAL subtests. Findings. For all three maternal alcohol use behaviours examined, there was an apparent non-significant trend whereby children of mothers who reported alcohol use (before, during and after pregnancy) performed worse (on average) than children of mothers reporting non-alcohol use on the EF subtests. Several of the socio-demographic factors were found to act as significant predictors of subtest specific EF performance including child sex (RTI: B=.46, p<. 01; MTT: B=.05, p<.05), child age (RTI: B=.27, p<.05; MTT: B=.11, p<.01), home language (MOT: B=- .13, p<.05), maternal employment (MTT: B=-.04, p<.05) and household size (SWM: B=-1.29, p<.05). Conclusions. These study findings provide initial insights into the impacts of different types of maternal drinking behaviours and related socio-demographic factors on child EF outcomes within the context of an LMIC, South Africa.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Yuan, Ling. "Intra-industry trade between Sweden and middle income countries." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98301.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Liu, Zhaorui. "Economic costs of dementia in low and middle income countries." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/economic-costs-of-dementia-in-low-and-middle-income-countries(9d90e06c-022d-4db0-a877-e84f859531e4).html.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to assess the impact of dementia in low and middle income countries (LAMICs) on service and family costs and to assess the impact of dependency and other factors on costs. A prevalence-based bottom up cost-of-illness study was carried out using the database of the 10/66 dementia project in seven LAMICs (11sites, n=15,022). The total cost was divided into cost of medical care, informal care and paid home care. The perspective of costs included both the public and private level. Cost of medical care at the private level was the out-of-pocket expenses. Health service use was valued according to country specific unit cost based on UK unit costs and WHO-CHOICE ratios. Cost of informal care at the private level was valued based on real salary loss and on average wages at the public level. Regression models were used to identify predictors of cost and attributable costs of dementia. The results showed that the average total costs for people with dementia were I$1887 at the private level and I$6750 at the public level. At the public level, 94% of total costs were due to social care, and 90.4% of social care costs were due to informal care. Physical impairment and Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) led to higher costs of informal care, but not for medical care. Average attributable costs of dementia were I$5164, and were higher than for depression and other chronic diseases. Costs increased with dementia severity. Estimates of total dementia costs are substantial and most of the care is due to support from unpaid family members. Interventions should be introduced both for dementia patients and their carers in the early stages of the condition dementia, so as to decrease the cost as well as improving quality of life.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Seuring, Till. "The economics of type 2 diabetes in middle-income countries." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/63278/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis researches the economics of type 2 diabetes in middle-income countries (MICs). Given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in MICs, in-depth country specific analysis is key for understanding the economic consequences of type 2 diabetes. The thesis consists of four studies with the unifying theme of improving the understanding of the causal impact of diabetes on economic outcomes. Study (1) provides an updated overview, critically assesses and identifies gaps in the current literature on the economic costs of type 2 diabetes using a systematic review approach; study (2) investigates the effects of self-reported diabetes on employment probabilities in Mexico, using cross-sectional data and making use of a commonly used instrumental variable approach; study (3) revisits and extends these results via the use of a fixed effects panel data analysis, also considering a broader range of outcomes, including wages and working hours. Further, it makes use of cross-sectional biomarker data that allow for the investigation of undiagnosed diabetes. Study (4) researches the effect of a diabetes diagnosis on employment as well as behavioural risk factors in China, using longitudinal data and applying an alternative identification strategy, marginal structural models estimation, while comparing these results with fixed effects estimation results. The thesis identifies a considerable economic burden of diabetes in middle-income countries and uncovers several inequities affecting women, the poor and the uninsured. Biomarker results indicate that the adverse effects are limited to those aware of their diabetes. Finally, women are also found to achieve fewer positive changes of their behavioural risk factors after a diabetes diagnosis than men, offering a potential explanation for their more adverse employment outcomes compared to men. To reduce the economic burden, the groups most affected by the identified inequities should be targeted. Further, the underlying reasons for the found sex differences need to be identified.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Lower- and Middle-Income Countries"

1

Detragiache, Enrica. Finance in lower-income countries: An empirical exploration. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, Research Dept., 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rushbrook, Philip. Solid waste landfills in middle- and lower-income countries: A technical guide to planning, design, and operation. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Campbell, Bruce Benner. Health management information systems in lower income countries: An analysis of system design, implementation and utilization in Ghana and Nepal. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Press, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tornell, Aaron. The credit channel in middle income countries. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Tornell, Aaron. Credit market imperfections in middle income countries. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Peerenboom, Randall, and Tom Ginsburg, eds. Law and Development of Middle-Income Countries. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139235730.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Eyben, Rosalind. Why and how to aid "middle income countries". Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Siefken, Katja, Andrea Ramirez Varela, Temo Waqanivalu, and Nico Schulenkorf. Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429344732.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Foxley, Alejandro. Recovery: The global financial crisis and middle-income countries. Washington, D.C: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Cancer Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Cancer control opportunities in low- and middle-income countries. Edited by Sloan Frank A and Gelband Hellen. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Lower- and Middle-Income Countries"

1

Tomson, Goran, and Olivia Biermann. "Health Policy Reform in Low-Income and Lower Middle-Income Countries in Southeast Asia." In The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance, 171–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137384935_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Comandon, Andre, and Paolo Veneri. "Residential Segregation Between Income Groups in International Perspective." In The Urban Book Series, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_2.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter analyzes income data from 194 cities in 14 countries to provide an overview of residential segregation patterns in a comparative perspective. We use the dissimilarity index to measure segregation between lower income households and middle-income and higher income households. The results expand results consistent with existing research to a larger number of countries. Higher income households segregation from lower income households is significantly higher than for middle-income households. High-inequality cities are more segregated, on average, than low-inequality ones. It is in the deviation from these patterns, however, that the analysis contributes to a comparative research agenda. It highlights cities and countries that do not fit general trends and raises questions about the relative role of national and local factors in influencing levels of segregation, questions the case studies delve into in the rest of the volume.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sommers, Christine, and Carielle Joy Rio. "Nursing Education in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries: Context and Trends." In Clinical Education for the Health Professions, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6106-7_117-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Acosta, Isaac, Loreli Álvarez, and Ana Luisa Sosa. "Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries." In Understanding the Context of Cognitive Aging, 105–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70119-2_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Thirthalli, Jagadisha, Thanapal Sivakumar, and Chethan Basavarajappa. "Rehabilitation for Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries." In Mental Health and Illness Worldwide, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0751-4_19-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Thirthalli, Jagadisha, Thanapal Sivakumar, and Chethan Basavarajappa. "Rehabilitation for Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries." In Mental Health and Illness in the Rural World, 365–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2345-3_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Dang, Thuy T., Nguyen Tran Xuan Linh, and Hau Trung Nguyen. "Operational Performance of Microfinance Institutions: The Case of Lower-Middle Income Countries in Asia." In Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics, 362–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Alcántara-Ayala, Irasema, and Ricardo J. Garnica-Peña. "Landslide Warning Systems in Low-And Lower-Middle-Income Countries: Future Challenges and Societal Impact." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_9.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThere is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of warning systems to reduce landslide disaster risk and avoid the occurrence of disasters. Recent developments in landslide disasters around the world have heightened the need for the implementation of Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWSs) particularly in low-and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and MICs), where levels of vulnerability and exposure are very high. However, no previous study has systematically evaluated the use of LEWSs in LICs and MICs. By means of a systematic review on the scientific literature this chapter explores the ways in which LEWSs have been implemented in LICs and MICs. This research seeks to address the spatial distribution of LEWSs in the world, specifically in LICs and MICs. Special attention is given to reviewing the development of LEWSs in terms of their inclusion in integrated disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies or as standalone initiatives, and the type of approaches followed, either as top-down or bottom-up. The chapter has three key components: (1) to prepare a search and inclusion criteria strategy for systematic literature review to collect a set of articles on LEWSs using the ISI Web of Science database; (2) to organize the literature review set to extract and analyse quantitative and qualitative data and information on LEWSs in LICs and MICs; and (3) to provide insights on a future LEWSs research agenda concerning critical issues and gaps in the literature and identifying main challenges with high societal impact. A noteworthy remark about this review is that only 12.4% of the total publications that met the specified criteria are from LICs and MICs. These papers address diverse dimensions of LEWSs in different degrees, but despite that, the actual use or implementation of LEWSs was addressed only by five papers. This suggests a potential disadvantage in the development and successful systematic implementation of LEWSs in these countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Luby, Stephen, and Ronan Arthur. "Risk and Response to Biological Catastrophe in Lower Income Countries." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 85–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_162.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ng, Nawi, and Malin Eriksson. "Social Capital and Self-Rated Health in Older Populations in Lower- and Upper-Middle Income Countries." In International Perspectives on Aging, 157–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9615-6_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Lower- and Middle-Income Countries"

1

Tekola Jemberu, Etsub. "Financial Development and Distribution of Income in Low Income and Lower-Middle-Income Countries." In 9th International Conference on New Ideas in Management, Economics and Accounting. Acavent, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/9th.imeaconf.2021.10.09.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Adem Türkmen, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "An Assessment on the Risk of Falling to the Lower-Middle Income Group Beyond the Middle Income Trap." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02698.

Full text
Abstract:
The Turkish economy succeeded in moving from the lower-middle income group to the upper-middle income group in 2005. If Türkiye had been able to sustain its growth performance in 2005 and the following 5-10 years, it could have risen to the class of high-income countries in a not too long period of time. However, it has experienced declines in dollar-denominated income in response to real growth between 2014 and 2020. In this process, a literature began to emerge about Türkiye falling into the middle-income trap. At this point, Türkiye, which had the possibility of rising to the high-income country group in 2013 but declined to the median income in the upper-middle income group as of 2020, seems worth examining with its experiences. In this study, the descriptive analyzes implies that the risk that Türkiye will fall to the lower-middle income level in 2027, if the continuous decline trend in dollar-based income figures in the post-2013 period continues. It can be said that the de-dollarization effects in exchange rates, as a reflection of the improvement in institutional structures and the foreign capital inflows triggered by this, played an important role in the great leap observed in Türkiye’s dollar-based income before 2013. Given the continuous decline in dollar-based income after 2013, it is noted that the deterioration in institutional structures and the dollarization effects in exchange rates are significant.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jones, Denise, Syed Taha, Michael S. Jones, Melissa Bauserman, Stuti Pant, Carl Bose, Sudhin Thayyil, Jackie K. Patterson, and Paolo Montaldo. "Informed Consent Rates For Neonatal Randomized Controlled Trials In Low And Lower-Middle Income Countries Versus High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.246.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Koubaa, Rayhane, Sana Rekik, Mohamed Jmaiel, Million Tesfaye, Maame Esi Amekudzi, Muyepa Anthony, Moges Asressie, and Konstantinos Antypas. "Strategic Partnerships in e-Health in Low and Lower Middle-Income Countries in Africa." In 2022 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ist-africa56635.2022.9845638.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kumuthini, Judit. "Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) Device Utilisation at the Edge in Lower and Middle Income Countries." In 2021 Sixth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmec54266.2021.9732567.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kumuthini, Judit. "Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) Device Utilisation at the Edge in Lower and Middle Income Countries." In 2021 Eighth International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sds54264.2021.9732135.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gillard, Joel, and Terry Smith. "A Model for Sustainable Orthopedic Care in Low and Middle Income Countries." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23332.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper describes a scalable and sustainable patient care model for low and middle-income countries (LMICs) that can improve the standard of care for hospitals with scarce resources and an ever growing backlog of patients. SIGN Fracture Care International (SIGN), a non-profit, humanitarian medical device organization, has developed technical solutions over the last 20 years, to address the yearly increasing number of patients affected by upper and lower extremity trauma, using a three-pronged approach. The model includes effective training of in-country local surgeons on current orthopaedic techniques; providing an on-going supply of appropriately designed surgical implants and instruments manufactured to ISO 13485 and FDA standards; and evaluating patient outcomes until healing occurs to validate the model is truly benefiting patients and the hospital throughput. By providing equal access to technology, knowledge, and timely feedback, LMIC surgeons can provide vital orthopedic care to their local communities and sustainably respond to the daily trauma cases they encounter and enable patients to return to work, school, keep families on the path out of poverty, and improve the lives of future generations. The model is describe in detail in the hopes that other entities can utilize the principles for additional healthcare specialties around the world.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Nişancı, Murat, Mine Gerni, Adem Türkmen, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "A Discussion on Whether Turkish Economy is in Middle Income Trap or Not: A Perspective on Framework of the Exchange Rates Appreciation." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01260.

Full text
Abstract:
Since 2007 long staying in the middle income group or especially unable to state a higher category, has begun to be considered as middle-income trap (MIT). According to World Bank (WB) classification, in 1955, Turkey reached to lower-middle income countries category from low-income category and staying there about 50 years. In 2004 Turkey has been reached constantly to upper-middle income countries category. However, last three years’ low growth figures and reaching 20% of the US income per capita have created many discussions whether Turkey entered in MIT. Besides, in parallel the integration of Turkish Economy to the world economy and to be exposed financial flows because of the world expansionary policies may result to have excessive appreciation of the national currency and to seem overvalued than real level of GDP in dollars. In emerging artificial bloating in income per capita is a result of undervaluation on the exchange rate. Therefore, in this study; the correct exchange rate is calculated with using base year determined depending on current account deficit’s minimum valued year or years which is assumed correct value of the exchange rate. By using calculated exchange rate, examined new GDP per capita series shows that Turkish economy could not reach the threshold 10000-12000 dollars despite being included in upper-middle income group in the WB classification. Furthermore, according to other classifications which are investigating MIT, it is also reached that Turkey has been placed in MIT long time period due to exchange rate pressures in terms of Turkey reached upper middle income position.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Vecino-Ortiz, Andres I., Aisha Jafri, and Adnan A. Hyder. "PW 0669 Mortality impacts of interventions for unintentional injuries: prioritizing effective interventions for lower and middle-income countries." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.464.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Khan, Y., A. Ali, C. Bell, D. Ratan, S. Datt, and S. Mehta. "Women, Visible Minorities and Residents of Lower-Middle Income Countries Are Underrepresented in Leading Respirology and Critical Care Journals." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4167.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Lower- and Middle-Income Countries"

1

Dalabajan, Dante, Ruth Mayne, Blandina Bobson, Hadeel Qazzaz, Henry Ushie, Jacobo Ocharan, Jason Farr, et al. Towards a Just Energy Transition: Implications for communities in lower- and middle-income countries. Oxfam, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9936.

Full text
Abstract:
More frequent or intense floods, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and typhoons devastate people’s homes, livelihoods and the natural world. A clean energy transition is urgently needed to reduce carbon emissions and prevent the impacts worsening. Wealthy countries have the prime historic responsibility for the climate crisis and therefore for its mitigation. But as the clean energy transition gathers speed, it inevitably also impacts lower-income, lower-emitting countries and communities. This research report, written by 20 co-authors from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, the US and Europe, investigates the implications of the energy transition for them, and asks how the world can achieve a truly just, as well as fast, transition. The findings highlight the stark choice facing humanity. If the transition is undertaken with justice and respect for communities’ rights at its heart, it offers an unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously mitigate the climate crisis and reduce poverty and inequality. Conversely, an unjust transition, which entrenches or exacerbates inequalities, risks generating public resistance and slowing the transition with devastating human consequences.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Koster, T., J. M. Bosselaar, and Y. Waarts. Designing and evaluating support programmes in Lower and Middle Income countries : A handbook for Martin Bauer Group. The Hague: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/527060.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fitzpatrick, Rachael, and Helen West. Improving Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation to Cimate Change Through Education in Low- and Lower-middle Income Countries. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.083.

Full text
Abstract:
Climate resilience is the ability to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to hazardous events, trends, or disturbances related to climate (C2ES, 2022). Mitigation focuses on reducing the human impacts contributing to climate change (Burton, 2007, cited in Rousell & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, 2020). Adaptation is about increasing people’s adaptive capacity, reducing the vulnerability of communities and managing risks (Anderson, 2012). Anderson further defines adaptation as not just being able to adapt from one stable climate to another but having the skills to adapt to uncertainty and make informed decisions in a changing environment. While ‘climate change’ is the term used throughout these briefs, it should be read as a shorthand for a more inclusive approach, which also captures associated environmental degradation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned, in their latest report, that global surface temperatures will continue to increase until 2050 (IPCC, 2021, p. 17). This will take place regardless of human intervention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The report also warns that the traditional technocratic approaches are insufficient to tackle the challenge of climate change, and that greater focus on the structural causes is needed. High- and upper-middle-income countries have been persistently shown to be the biggest contributors to the global carbon dioxide emissions, with lower income countries facing the most disruptive climate hazards, with Africa countries particularly vulnerable (CDP, 2020; IPCC, 2021). The vulnerability of low-income contexts exacerbates this risk, as there is often insufficient infrastructure and resources to ensure resilience to climate hazards (IPCC, 2021). For decades, advocates of climate change education have been highlighting the potential of education to help mitigate against climate change, and support adaptation efforts. However, implementation has been patchy, with inconsistent approaches and a lack of evidence to help determine the most effective way forward.This paper is divided into three sections, drawing together evidence on the key aspects of system reform,green and resilient infrastructure and Curriculum, pedagogy, assessment and teacher development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Al Zadjali, Basma. Men’s knowledge, attitudes and practice in relation to birth spacing in lower- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0085.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nordhagen, Stella. Supporting gender equity through food system businesses in lower-income countries. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36072/wp.11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Melo-Becerra, Ligia Alba, and María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo. Transport infrastructure and technical efficiency in a panel of countries: Accounting for endogeneity in a stochastic frontier model. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1187.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, a global production frontier is estimated using stochastic frontier models to assess the contribution of transport infrastructure to countries’ performance. We find that the role of infrastructure is underestimated under the exogeneity assumption indicating that handling endogeneity is crucial in the estimation. Results suggest that a better endowment of infrastructure contributes to economic growth, highlighting its importance in explaining differences in the economic performance of countries. Efficiency measures indicate that high-income countries are more efficient than low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that there is room for improving economic performance in countries with a lower income level. Better institutions also are essential to foster countries’ economic output.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Chauvin, Juan Pablo, Annabelle Fowler, and Nicolás Herrera L. The Younger Age Profile of COVID-19 Deaths in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002879.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper examines why a larger share of COVID-19 deaths occurs among young and middle-aged adults in developing countries than in high-income countries. Using novel data at the country, city, and patient levels, we investigate the drivers of this gap in terms of the key components of the standard Susceptible-Infected-Recovered framework. We obtain three main results. First, we show that the COVID-19 mortality age gap is not explained by younger susceptible populations in developing countries. Second, we provide indirect evidence that higher infection rates play a role, showing that variables linked to faster COVID-19 spread such as residential crowding and labor informality are correlated with younger mortality age profiles across cities. Third, we show that lower recovery rates in developing countries account for nearly all of the higher death shares among young adults, and for almost half of the higher death shares among middle-aged adults. Our evidence suggests that lower recovery rates in developing countries are driven by a higher prevalence of preexisting conditions that have been linked to more severe COVID-19 complications, and by more limited access to hospitals and intensive care units in some countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Corlin Christensen, Rasmus, Martin Hearson, and Tovony Randriamanalina. At the Table, Off the Menu? Assessing the Participation of Lower-Income Countries in Global Tax Negotiations. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.004.

Full text
Abstract:
Since 2013, the formal structure of global corporate tax policymaking at the OECD has changed. Decisions are no longer made by 37 OECD members, but by 137 countries from all regions and levels of development through the ‘Inclusive Framework’ (IF). Official documentation emphasises that all countries participate on an ‘equal footing’, but some participants and observers have emphasised that developing countries in particular face practical obstacles that lead to unequal participation in practice. In this paper, we assess these claims, drawing primarily on 48 interviews with negotiators, policymakers and stakeholders involved in global tax discussions. We find that the explosion in formal membership has not in itself led to the step-change in developing country influence that the raw numbers imply. This is because of a combination of structural obstacles that are not unique to the IF, and some challenging aspects of the OECD’s way of working. Yet, lower-income countries have made some modest achievements to date, and there are signs of incremental progress towards a more effective presence. We develop a typology of mechanisms through which successes have been achieved: association with the efforts of more powerful states, anticipation of lower-income countries’ needs by the OECD secretariat and others, collaboration to form more powerful coalitions, and the emergence of expert negotiators with individual authority.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Garcia-Bernardo, Javier, and Petr Janský. Profit Shifting of Multinational Corporations Worldwide. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.005.

Full text
Abstract:
Multinational corporations (MNCs) avoid taxes by shifting their profits from countries where real activity takes place towards tax havens, depriving governments worldwide of billions of tax revenue. Earlier research investigating the scale and distribution of profit shifting has faced methodological and data challenges, both of which we address. First, we propose a logarithmic function to model the extremely non-linear relationship between the location of profits and tax rates faced by MNCs at those locations – that is, the extreme concentration of profits without corresponding economic activity in a small number of low-tax jurisdictions. We show that the logarithmic model allows for a more accurate identification of profit shifting than linear and quadratic models. Second, we apply the logarithmic model to newly available country-by-country reporting data for large MNCs – this provides information on the activities of large MNCs, including for the first time many low- and lower-middle-income countries. We estimate that MNCs shifted US$1 trillion of profits to tax havens in 2016, which implies approximately US$200-300 billion in tax revenue losses worldwide. MNCs headquartered in the United States and Bermuda are the most aggressive at shifting profits towards tax havens, while MNCs headquartered in India, China, Mexico and South Africa the least. We establish which countries gain and lose most from profit shifting: the Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, Bermuda, Hong Kong and the Netherlands are among the most important tax havens, whereas low- and lower-middle-income countries tend to lose more tax revenue relative to their total tax revenue. Our findings thus support the arguments of low- and lower-middle-income countries that they should be represented on an equal footing during international corporate tax reform debates.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Freed, Danielle. K4D Supporting the Prosperity Fund for Transformative COVID-19 Recovery. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.162.

Full text
Abstract:
The global COVID-19 pandemic endangers progress made on more inclusive and sustainable growth patterns and risks slowing down international trade. Growth patterns are highly uncertain and require context-specific social analysis alongside local stakeholder consultation as a means to understand the changing impacts on poverty and exclusion dynamics. In recognition of this need, The K4D Prosperity Fund COVID-19 Evidence and Learning Initiative supported cross-government learning on the impact of the pandemic within upper-middle income countries (UMIC) and lower-middle income countries (LMIC) while also providing key evidence supporting a transformative strategic focus, aimed at linking short-term adaptations with long-term ambitions, setting the stage to push beyond recovery and the Prosperity Fund’s Build Back Better.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Lower- and Middle-Income Countries' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography