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1
Williamson, I. "Low volume; high flexibility [automotive industry]." Manufacturing Engineer 84, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:20050607.
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Gan, Zhi Lon, Siti Nurmaya Musa, and Hwa Jen Yap. "A Review of the High-Mix, Low-Volume Manufacturing Industry." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031687.
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The high-mix, low-volume (HMLV) industry has seen growth in the need for product customisation with research to increase manufacturers’ flexibility for the variation in market demands. This paper reviews 152 documents from 2000 to October 2022, discussing work related to HMLV production. From an industrial perspective, this paper analyses the industries with HMLV, revealing production sectors and research areas, categorising the developed work, type of validation, and applications. The results show that most work is not industry-specific, with production planning as the central aspect of the research. While other parts of the production processes and value chain received less attention, the semiconductor and electronics industries are the two most researched with substantial validation, leaving gaps in other industries. Earlier work primarily focused on the theoretical development of production planning; however, the development of Industry 4.0 technologies advocates decision support systems for reactive production planning. This period sees the rise in robotics and automation, with improved robotics capability and human—robot collaboration. Assembly assistance systems were developed for manual production to aid operators in managing the variety of information. This paper serves as a reference for the HMLV manufacturing industry in a structured manner while identifying potential for future research in this field.
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Karania, Ruchi, and David Kazmer. "Low Volume Plastics Manufacturing Strategies." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 12 (January 31, 2007): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2790978.
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Plastic components are vital components of many engineered products, frequently representing 20–40% of the product value. While injection molding is the most common process for economically producing complex designs in large quantities, a large initial monetary investment and extended development time are required to develop appropriate tooling. For applications with lower or unknown production quantities, designers may prefer another process that has a lower development cost and lead time albeit with higher marginal costs and production times. A methodology is presented that assists the designer to select the most appropriate manufacturing process that trades off the total production costs with production lead times. The approach is to develop aggregate component cost and lead-time models as a function of production quantity from extensive industry data for an electrical enclosure consisting of two components. Binding quotes were secured from multiple suppliers for a variety of manufacturing processes including computer numerical control machining, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, vacuum casting, direct fabrication, and injection molding with soft prototype and production tooling. The methodology yields a Pareto optimal set that compares the production costs and lead times as a function of the production quantity. The results indicate that the average cost per enclosure assembly is highly sensitive to the production quantity, with average costs varying by more than a factor of 100 for production quantities varying between 100 and 10,000 assemblies. Each of the processes is competitive with respect to total production cost and total production lead time under differing conditions; a flow chart is provided as an example of a decision support tool that can be provided to assist process selection during the product development process and thereby reduce the product development time and cost.
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Stelinski, Lukasz L., Michael E. Rogers, and Jamie D. Burrow. "Understanding Low Volume Application Technology: An Emerging Technology in the Citrus Industry." EDIS 2010, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in840-2009.
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This 2-page illustrated trifold brochure describes this new application technology that has raised questions and concerns within the citrus industry. Written by Lukasz Stelinski, Michael Rogers, and Jamie Burrow (Yates), and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2009.
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Bogue, Robert. "The changing face of the automotive robotics industry." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2022-0022.
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Purpose This study aims to provide an insight into recent technological developments and applications that are driving growth and change in the automotive robotics sector. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction which provides a commercial perspective, this study discusses the role of collaborative robots and provides examples of applications. It then considers robotic three-dimensional (3D) printing and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled robots. This is followed by a discussion of the impact of the burgeoning electric vehicle sector. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn. Findings This study shows that the automotive robotics sector is growing more rapidly than vehicle production volumes due to factors which include the move to vehicle electrification, the growing use of cobots, 3D printing, which is moving from specialist and low volume to high volume component production, and the advent of AI-enabled robots. Originality/value This study provides details of the factors driving the automotive robotics market by discussing a selection of emerging applications and developments.
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Shvets, I. V., S. Makarov, C. Franken, A. Shvets, D. Sweeney, and J. Osing. "Spot-on™ Technology for Low Volume Liquid Handling." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 7, no. 6 (December 2002): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00233-3.
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The article describes the new proprietary spot-on™ technology developed by Allegro Technologies, Ltd., for nanolitre and microlitre dispensing of liquids for the drug discovery, genomics and proteomics industries. We analyze the requirements of the drug discovery industry for low volume liquid handling technologies and briefly summarize some the more common technologies currently available. A detailed description is provided of the new spot-on™ technology in terms of function and operation as well as the relevant features and potential benefits to using this new method of nanolitre dispensing.
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Sozanskyy, Lyubomyr, and Liudmyla Koval. "Key trends in the development of mechanical engineering in Ukraine." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Poznaniu 94, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8441.
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The article presents an analysis of the state of and trends in the Ukrainian mechanical engineering industry based on selected key economic indicators. The industry is characterised by unstable, negative dynamics and falling production volumes, a rapid decrease in the volume and share of implemented innovative products, a significant reduction in the number of manufactured motor vehicles, an insignificant volume of high-tech products, a reduction in capital investments and a high level of depreciation of fixed tangible assets, extremely low labour productivity, a rapid decline in the number of employed workers, relatively low wages, a deterioration of the external balance. The authors view the current economic trends as destructive systemic changes that can significantly affect not only the activity of the machine-building industry but of the country as a whole. They highlight the critical state of the domestic mechanical engineering industry caused by a long period of inaction on the part of the state as regards the development of this industrial sector, which is only exacerbated by the military and hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The authors propose ways of overcoming these negative tendencies.
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Laponov, S. V., S. P. Ivanov, and A. N. Erushonkov. "The relevance of the use of low-volume rotary disk mixers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012152.
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Abstract In the presented work, a description of the principle of operation of a rotary-disk mixer is given. The author notes that in industry the designs of a rotary-disk mixer with smooth disks having additional elements rigidly fixed in the form of blades or teeth of various shapes are most widely used in industry. The description of 4 developed constructions of working disks with structural differences is given. An experimental proof of the effectiveness of the use of additional working bodies is given. It is noted that the latter lead to the emergence of new highly turbulent flows of the processed medium, which has a positive effect on the processes of emulsification and dispersion. It is shown that with an increase in the proportion of the dispersed phase in a stirred medium, the average size of the droplets of the dispersed phase increases. This is explained by an increase in the concentration of the dispersed phase and the frequency of collisions of droplets of dispersed particles, which lead to coalescence. It has been established that the size of the particles of the dispersed phase decreases inversely with the rotor speed and the increase in the dissipation energy.
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Hand, Adam J. T., Prathapan Ragavan, Nicole G. Elias, Elie Y. Hajj, and Peter E. Sebaaly. "Evaluation of Low Volume Roads Surfaced with 100% RAP Millings." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 7462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217462.
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The sustainability of roadway construction has rapidly been gaining attention within the pavement industry. The pavements examined in this study are in a Northern Nevada county with many of the roadways categorized as low volume roads. The county began surfacing rural roads with 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) millings, without any design considerations for decades. These pavements have provided satisfactory performance with little to no maintenance for their intended purpose for 25–30 years. The presented research revealed RAP milling surfaced roads with layer coefficients between 0.18 and 0.30, and design thicknesses ranging from 5 to 11 inches.
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Tenthorey, Eric, Ian Taggart, Aleksandra Kalinowski, and Jason McKenna. "CO2-EOR+ in Australia: achieving low-emissions oil and unlocking residual oil resources." APPEA Journal 61, no. 1 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20076.
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The petroleum industry, through the production and consumption of oil and gas, contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the industry’s leadership and experience in underground injection and storage of CO2, especially through CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), which has been proposed as a possible solution to reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, has not been well acknowledged. Unlike traditional CO2-EOR, which tends to be a net carbon emitter due to the use of predominantly natural CO2, rather than anthropogenic, CO2-EOR+ focuses on storing a larger volume of CO2. Thus CO2-EOR+ not only provides a potential solution to dispose of anthropogenic emissions but at the same time reduces reliance on imported oil through increased domestic production. Increased industry interest and energy policy strategies directed at reducing and/or removing emissions from industry processes reflect the growing social and economic impetus to improve operation practices and the petroleum industry’s reputation. Residual oil zones (ROZs) below identified oil–water contacts provide an excellent target for the application of CO2-EOR+. They offer a producible residual oil resource accessible through CO2-EOR, as well as a large pore volume for CO2 storage, with efforts focused on converting ROZs into resources and reserves. Existing fields in the Surat and Cooper-Eromanga Basins are already well placed to utilise anthropogenic CO2 sources to achieve conventional CO2-EOR metrics. The ROZs in these basins will hopefully allow potential EOR projects to increase the CO2 volumes stored, per incremental barrel of oil, well past traditional levels (0.2–0.3 tCO2/bbl), and in doing so, potentially achieve net negative-emission oil.
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Bozell, Joseph J. "An evolution from pretreatment to fractionation will enable successful development of the integrated biorefinery." BioResources 5, no. 3 (2010): 1326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.3.1326-1327.
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The current state of biorefinery development is focused almost entirely on the production of fuel ethanol. However, an ethanol-centric approach misses the crucial example set by the petrochemical industry. The ability to fractionate a raw material, rather than simply pretreating it, enables the parallel production of low value, high volume fuels and high value, low volume chemicals. By developing analogous fractionation processes for biomass, giving separate process streams of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the biorefining industry will be able to recognize the synergistic advantages of producing both energy and profits.
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Song, Shao Min, Xiao Lun Wang, and Lin Wang. "Properties of Concrete with High-Volume Limestone Powder as Composite Mineral Admixture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.351.
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This paper studies the effects of high-volume composite mineral admixture made of limestone powder and low-quality fly ash on the properties of concrete. Through experiments, this paper makes clear the workability of fresh concrete and analyzes the law of strength development of concrete. The experimental results indicate that the concrete with high-volume limestone powder as composite mineral admixture has good fresh properties; due to low water consumption per unit volume, medium-and-high-strength concrete can be prepared. As new type concrete mineral admixture, the composite mineral admixture made of limestone powder and low-quality fly ash will play an active role in the sustainable development of concrete industry.
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Allwood, Julian M., Timothy G. Gutowski, André C. Serrenho, Alexandra C. H. Skelton, and Ernst Worrell. "Industry 1.61803: the transition to an industry with reduced material demand fit for a low carbon future." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2095 (May 2017): 20160361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0361.
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Arising from a discussion meeting in September 2016, this editorial introduces a special issue on the transition to a future industrial system with greatly reduced demand for material production and attempts to synthesize the main findings. The motivation for such a transition is to reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions, but unlike previous industrial transformations, there are no major stakeholders who will pursue the change for their own immediate benefit. The special issue, therefore, explores the means by which such a transition could be brought about. The editorial presents an overview of the opportunities identified in the papers of the volume, presents examples of actions that can be taken today to begin the process of change and concludes with an agenda for research that might support a rapid acceleration in the rate of change. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Material demand reduction’.
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Trofimova, N. V., M. Yu Sazykina, and E. R. Mamleeva. "Forest industry complex development in Russian Federation regions." Forestry Bulletin 6, no. 6 (December 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-6-118-126.
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The study found that the existing potential of the timber industry complex is not used effectively enough, as evidenced by the low level of wood processing, the development of only 50 % of the declared annual allowable cutting rate, insufficient use of modern technologies for processing wood raw materials, as well as reforestation. The consequence of this is the low share of the timber industry complex in the total volume of production in the regions. Based on the cluster method, the regions of the Russian Federation were grouped in 2010–2019 according to indicators reflecting the availability of resources (forest cover of the territory and the total stock of wood) and the level of their use (the share of the type of economic activity in the total volume of production in the region). The analysis carried out and the results obtained on this basis made it possible to identify the most successful practices for realizing the potential of the timber industry complex, as well as possible directions for the development of the forest industry in the regions of the Russian Federation.
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Didden, Jeroen B. H. C., Quang-Vinh Dang, and Ivo J. B. F. Adan. "A semi-decentralized control architecture for high-mix-low-volume factories in Industry 4.0." Manufacturing Letters 30 (October 2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2021.09.005.
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Heike, G., M. Ramulu, E. Sorenson, P. Shanahan, and K. Moinzadeh. "Mixed model assembly alternatives for low-volume manufacturing: The case of the aerospace industry." International Journal of Production Economics 72, no. 2 (July 2001): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(00)00089-x.
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Jaffrey, V., N. M. Z. N. Mohamed, and A. N. M. Rose. "Improvement of productivity in low volume production industry layout by using witness simulation software." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 257 (October 2017): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/257/1/012030.
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Kazantsev, Nikolai, Grigory Pishchulov, Nikolay Mehandjiev, Pedro Sampaio, and Judy Zolkiewski. "Investigating barriers to demand-driven SME collaboration in low-volume high-variability manufacturing." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-10-2021-0486.
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Purpose This paper adopts a multi-tier perspective and aims to explore challenges of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in collaborative manufacturing amid the emergence of dedicated B2B platforms. Original equipment manufacturers welcome formation of demand-driven collaborations between SME suppliers to facilitate ramp-up of production capacity. While being potentially beneficial to suppliers, such collaborations face various barriers. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study of 17 suppliers within the European Union’s aerospace industry was undertaken. The study comprised two stages. In the first stage, suppliers’ answers to self-administered interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. In the second stage, interactions between the barriers were determined through interviews with experienced SME collaboration facilitators. The authors apply system dynamics modelling to analyse the links between barriers and identify re-enforcing and balancing loops of other factors. Findings The authors establish five major groups of barriers to collaboration impeding: market transparency, access to orders, partner trust, contracting and (e) data sharing and coordination. The authors model application of four enablers that facilitate barrier removal for technology-enabled supply chains: digital platforms, supplier development, smart contracts and Industry 4.0. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by the data collection from the aerospace industry; validation of the models in other low-volume high-variability manufacturing sectors is needed. Practical implications The reader will learn about the barriers which impede demand-driven SME collaboration within manufacturing supply chains, interrelationships between these barriers and suggestions about how to remove them. SME cluster managers will find managerial implications particularly interesting as they will help them to overcome collaboration concerns and better prepare cluster members for Industry 4.0. Social implications The models developed within this study can be used to explore the effects of intervening at critical points in the model to create virtuous improvement cycles between key barriers and related variables in the model. This can help decision-making and policymaking in the area of supply chain integration. Originality/value There is currently a lack of studies about how the existing barriers amplify and de-amplify themselves and what the managerial approaches to tackle the barriers are. It is unclear how far companies will go in terms of information sharing, given the trust levels, power dynamics and governance structures evident in supply chains. This study contributes by explaining the reinforcing interaction between the barriers and showing ways to overcome these using enablers.
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Kocsi, Balázs, Michael Maiko Matonya, László Péter Pusztai, and István Budai. "Real-Time Decision-Support System for High-Mix Low-Volume Production Scheduling in Industry 4.0." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080912.
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Numerous organizations are striving to maximize the profit of their businesses by the effective implementation of competitive advantages including cost reduction, quick delivery, and unique high-quality products. Effective production-scheduling techniques are methods that many firms use to attain these competitive advantages. Implementing scheduling techniques in high-mix low-volume (HMLV) manufacturing industries, especially in Industry 4.0 environments, remains a challenge, as the properties of both parts and processes are dynamically changing. As a reaction to these challenges in HMLV Industry 4.0 manufacturing, a newly advanced and effective real-time production-scheduling decision-support system model was developed. The developed model was implemented with the use of robotic process automation (RPA), and it comprises a hybrid of different advanced scheduling techniques obtained as the result of analytical-hierarchy-process (AHP) analysis. The aim of this research was to develop a method to minimize the total production process time (total make span) by considering the results of risk analysis of HMLV manufacturing in Industry 4.0 environments. The new method is the combination of multi-broker (MB) optimization and a genetics algorithm (GA) that uses general key process indicators (KPIs) that are easy to measure in any kind of production. The new MB–GA method is compatible with industry 4.0 environments, so it is easy to implement. Furthermore, MB–GA deals with potential risk during production, so it can provide more accurate results. On the basis of survey results, 16% of the asked companies could easily use the new scheduling method, and 43.2% of the companies could use it after a little modification of production.
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Mytsenko, V. "Prospects for the Involvement of Ukrainian Industry in Global Value Added Chains and their Impact on Economic Growth." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 3 (69) (2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2022-3(69)-31-35.
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The article presents the study of the involvement of processing industry in the global value chains of added value on the economic growth of Ukraine. Main product groups in export and import, taking into account the inclusion of these industries in the global value chains of added value were characterized with the help of dynamic and structural analysis of foreign trade of Ukraine. The regression analysis revealed a strong direct link between the actual volumes of GDP of Ukraine and the change in the volume of exports of machines and equipment and the volume of imports of vehicles. It is concluded that the existing state of attracting national machine-building enterprises in the global chains of value creation has a positive effect on Ukraine's economic growth despite a high import component in the export of mechanical engineering products and a relatively low share of these products in exports. Statistically significant dependence of the GDP index of Ukraine on changes in export and import by the main product groups were not revealed. The lack of statistically significant link between the actual volumes of Ukraine's GDP and the change in the volume of ferrous metals, despite their high share in exports, confirms low efficiency of inclusion of Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises in the global value chains. The results of the study confirmed the expediency of development of export-oriented production of machines and equipment on the basis of modernization of domestic metallurgical base during the period of post-war restoration of the Ukrainian economy.
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van der Donck, Jacques C. J., Jurrian Bakker, Jeroen A. Smeltink, Robin B. J. Kolderweij, Ben C. M. B. van der Zon, and Marc H. van Kleef. "Physical Chemistry of Water Droplets in Wafer Cleaning with Low Water Use." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.134.
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Reduction of water and energy consumption is of importance for keeping viable industry in Europe. In 2012 the Eniac project Silver was started in order to reduce water and energy consumption in the semiconductor industry by 10% [1]. Cleaning of wafers is one of the key process steps that require a high volume of Ultra-Pure Water (UPW). For the production of a single wafer more than 120 cleaning steps may be required [2]. Furthermore, the reduction of the feature size makes devices more vulnerable to damage by mechanical action. This trend gives rise to the need for new, gentler cleaning processes.
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Song, Shao Min, Wen Zhong Bao, Wen Xin Zhao, and Dong Min Jin. "Properties of Concrete with High-Volume Limestone Powder under Low Temperature Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 675 (March 2013): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.675.296.
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This paper studies the effects of high-volume composite mineral admixture made of limestone powder and low-quality fly ash on the properties of concrete,and studies the form of attack of cement-based material made of limestone powder at low water-binder ratio under low-temperature sulfate environment.Through experiments, this paper makes clear the workability of fresh concrete and analyzes the law of strength development of concrete. The experimental results indicate that the concrete with high-volume limestone powder as composite mineral admixture has good fresh properties; due to low water consumption per unit volume, medium-and-high-strength concrete can be prepared. As new type concrete mineral admixture, the composite mineral admixture made of limestone powder and low-quality fly ash will play an active role in the sustainable development of concrete industry. After the specimen with the water-binder ratio of less than 0.4 and the limestone powder volume of greater than 20% is soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200d, gypsum attack-led destruction is caused to the concrete test cube, without thaumasite sulfate attack.
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Keswani, Rajesh N., Phyllis Malpas, Sheryl E. Lynch, and Gregory A. Coté. "Low ERCP Volume Is Associated with More Industry Representative Interactions but Similar Training of Nurses." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 61, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3926-z.
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Frimpon, Michael F. "Structured Rankings of Internet Service Providers on Data and Price in Ghana." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n5p271.
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The purpose is to compare internet prices of the nation’s Internet Service Providers (ISPs) with the aim of ranking them to find out the low cost leaders in the industry. Generally the local ISPs employ the strategy of volume-tiered pricing. Volume-tiered strategies exhibit greater complexity in pricing, more opaque prices and sometimes, even higher prices. The advantage of volume-based pricing for operators is that the uncertainty and risk of consumption remains with the customer, rather than the operator. In addition the ISPs offer disparate data volumes and price points with many of them unique so as to perhaps discourage direct comparisons with one another. This paper overcame the issue of complexity, opacity and the dissimilarities in data offerings by fitting regression functions to the data of the competing ISPs and examining the behaviors of the generated graphs across a broad range. The study clearly identified the low cost leaders in the local ISP industry. Currently there is no national ranking system to find out the relative placements of the ISPs in their various service offerings. The contribution represents one of the first times internet service prices in the country have been analytically studied to identify the ISPs with the best prices. may be useful to political decision-makers and regulatory authorities. ch indicate the complexity of the audited firm and the characteristics of the audit.
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Pettenella, Davide, Susanne Klöhn, Filippo Brun, Francesco Carbone, Lorenzo Venzi, Luca Cesaro, and Lorenzo Ciccarese. "Italy." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 2 (February 1, 2005): 383–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0021.
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In Italy all wood related economic sectors operate in a highly disconnected forestrywood system with a fragmented and limited internal supply. Characteristic for Italian forests is a large amount of coppice and natural or semi-natural forests with a low utilisation rate. 60 % of the forests are privately owned, usually scattered without management plans. Only 1/3 of the annual increment is harvested. Lack of infrastructure makes access to forests difficult. In addition a strong regime of regulations and protected areas as well as a low mechanisation level make it difficult to harvest a sufficient volume of timber per surface unit. Work in forest enterprises is irregular, workers are often relatives and without professional education. Strict forest policy and low technological level lead to high harvesting costs and make domestic timber not competitive. Domestic production of wood is insufficient for industrial demand. Thus Italian forest industry is strongly dependent on the import of wood. Relevant volumes of timber come from high productive poplar plantations. Italy is a strong net-exporter of finished products (furniture). Italian market of forest industry is “mature”. Wood working industry consists mainly of small and medium size companies with high specialisation.
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Saltykov, Maksim A., and Elena V. Krasova. "Trends in development of Russian Far East’s fishing industry in context of strategic regional growth." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 47 (December 17, 2021): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.47.11.10.
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This article is devoted to topical issues of the fishing industry development in the Russian Far East. Far East is the largest and the most abundant with fish resources region of Russia, and also it is the largest territorial administrative unit. The main scientific and practical task the research can help to solve is implementation of strategic prospects and scientific support of the industry development government programs. The aim of the research is to update the trends and identify the main problems of the fishing industry development in the Far East of Russia over the past decade. Methodologically the research is based on the concept of regional economy sustainable development. The article analyzes such indicators of the industry development as: number of enterprises in the industry, number of employees at the industry enterprises, volume of fish products production and processing, level of domestic prices for fish products, fish products consumption volume, fish products export value, volume of investments in fixed assets of industry enterprises. The key trends are identified and the most important problems of the regional fishing industry development are noted. Among such problems: the industry’s dependence on the world market situation, insufficient development of domestic market, excessive growth in prices for fish products in the domestic market, low degree of fish products processing, dependence of fish products export on Asian countries’ consumers.
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ZARUBA, O., and A. OKOROKOV. "RESEARCH OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY OF METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY BY RAILWAY TECHNOLOGICAL ROUTES." Transport systems and transportation technologies, no. 26 (December 19, 2023): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/tstt2023/293343.
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Purpose. In the conditions of a full-scale war, ensuring the stable functioning of the national economy is one of the strategic tasks. The functioning of the industrial complex, the availability of jobs and the payment of taxes to the state budget are, among other things, part of ensuring the country's defense capability. One of the main branches of Ukraine's economy is the metallurgical industry, so it needs the implementation of measures to ensure reliable and stable work even in conditions of military aggression, constant risks of air strikes and infrastructure damage. In accordance with this, the purpose of the study is to analyze and determine the structure of cargo flows of technological routes of transport service of metallurgical production (on the example of PJSC «Zaporizhstal»). The dynamics of iron ore (iron ore concentrate) and coking coal (coke) transportation volumes by means of transport were studied. Irregularity was investigated and descriptive statistics of daily volumes of transportation of iron ore (iron ore concentrate) and coking coal (coke) for metallurgical production were performed (on the example of PJSC «Zaporizhstal»). Methods. An analysis of the unevenness of the daily volume of goods received for the needs of a metallurgical enterprise (on the example of PJSC «Zaporizhstal») by technological routes of railway transport was carried out. Methods of mathematical statistics, probability theory, theory of transport processes and systems were used. As a result of the analysis of cargo flows arriving at the enterprise, it was established that the distribution of the daily volume of iron ore arriving at the Zaporizhzhia Live station is subject to symmetrical distribution laws with a relatively low variation of 18.4%. The distribution of the random value of the daily volume of coke intake also indicates a certain symmetry with a fairly high probability (59%), and is approximated by a normal distribution. Scientific novelty. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the approximate density of the distribution of volumes of iron ore (salt-ore concentrate) and coking coal (coke) for metallurgical production (on the example of PJSC «Zaporizhstal» for 2022). Practical significance. The mathematical expectation and the level of correlation of the volumes of iron ore (iron ore concentrate) and coking coal (coke) supply to metallurgical production are established (on the example of PJSC «Zaporizhstal» for 2022). In the future, the obtained results are planned to be used as input data for a simulation model of the functioning of the transport support system of an industrial enterprise.
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Gärtner, Sebastian, Thomas Marx-Schubach, Matthias Gaderer, Gerhard Schmitz, and Michael Sterner. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Separation for an Innovative Energy Concept towards Low-Emission Glass Melting." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052140.
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The currently still high fossil energy demand is forcing the glass industry to search for innovative approaches for the reduction in CO2 emissions and the integration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, a novel power-to-methane concept is presented and discussed for this purpose. A special focus is on methods for the required CO2 capture from typical flue gases in the glass industry, which have hardly been explored to date. To close this research gap, process simulation models are developed to investigate post-combustion CO2 capture by absorption processes, followed by a techno-economic evaluation. Due to reduced flue gas volume, the designed CO2 capture plant is found to be much smaller (40 m3 absorber column volume) than absorption-based CO2 separation processes for power plants (12,560 m3 absorber column volume). As there are many options for waste heat utilization in the glass industry, the waste heat required for CO2 desorption can be generated in a particularly efficient and cost-effective way. The resulting CO2 separation costs range between 41 and 42 EUR/t CO2, depending on waste heat utilization for desorption. These costs are below the values of 50–65 EUR/t CO2 for comparable industrial applications. Despite these promising economic results, there are still some technical restrictions in terms of solvent degradation due to the high oxygen content in flue gas compositions. The results of this study point towards parametric studies for approaching these issues, such as the use of secondary and tertiary amines as solvents, or the optimization of operating conditions such as stripper pressure for further cost reductions potential.
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Mariskin, Oleg I. "Tax Regulation of the Brewing Industry in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century." Economic History 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.057.018.202202.113-118.
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Introduction. In article influence of the excise taxation on development of the brewing industry and business during early industrial changes of Russia in the first half of the 19th century is investigated. Direct dependence of brewing production on the size of excises duties: low profitability and an inefficiency of plants were caused both high rates of an excise, and ways of its collection. Results and Discussion. The abolition of farming and the transition to state-owned sales since 1819 had a positive impact on the brewing industry. This was the period of the rise of brewing, the formation of the national brewing industry in the form of a manufactory. The return in 1827 to farming again led to the restriction of the beer trade and, ultimately, to a reduction in the volume of the brewing industry. In order to further increase income in 1847, excise-farm commission was introduced, combining the methods of state-owned and farmed-out sale of vodka and beer. After the introduction of the excise commission, private brewing began to decline significantly. The characteristic features of the regional brewing industry were the widespread use of manual labor, low productivity and the predominance of small enterprises. Conclusion. In the first half of the 19th century in Russia brewing, in terms of the volume of production and consumption of beer, and state revenues, was by no means as important as the distillery industry. The low profitability and inefficiency of small and medium-sized plants were due to both high excise rates and the methods of its collection.
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Akarsu, E., D. J. Hamilton, and D. C. Tyler. "NORM IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY— EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00043.
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Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is an inevitable by-product of petroleum exploration and production. It is produced with the reservoir fluids and is typically found in low concentrations, but potentially high volumes. However, Victorian regulations that cover NORM are based on acceptable public exposure to ionising radiation and appear to be formulated around high concentration, low volume sources such as those found in medical procedures.Esso Australia Pty Ltd conducted a comprehensive exposure assessment study to establish limits for NORM. The two-year study was carried out in conjunction with the regulators (Victorian Environment Protection Authority, Department of Human Services, and Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency) and included other key stakeholders like employees and suppliers.This paper provides a discussion of the management plans for, and the results of, assessments undertaken to quantify any potential risk of handling and disposing of NORM material in the environment. The assessments demonstrate that exposure to NORM released into the environment from Bass Strait oil and gas operations does not present a radiological hazard to workers, the general public, or ecological receptors. In fact, it represents less than 1% of Australian and internationally accepted limits for such exposure.
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Oakford, MJ, SA Bound, KM Jones, and L. O'Rielly. "Use of airshear technology to reduce chemical spray rates for thinning of apples." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 6 (1995): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950789.
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An experiment at the Grove Research Station in southern Tasmania compared the efficacy of low spray volume (LV) treatments of NAA applied by an airshear sprayer with that of the industry standard, airblast sprayer, high volume (HV) application of 4000 L/ha at 10 mg NAA/L to thin Red Delicious apple trees. By adjusting the concentration of NAA, the LV treatments of 100, 200, 400, and 800 L/ha were each applied at 4 rates of NAA representing 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the HV rate of 40000 mg/ha. All treatments were applied at full bloom and 9 days after full bloom. All chemical rates except 25% reduced crop load significantly compared with the control. Fruit weight and size improved in most cases at the 100, 75, and 50% chemical rates. Fruit numbers and mean fruit weight were fitted to polynomial models. This work shows that airshear technology is effective at volumes as low as 100 L/ha, which represents a major saving in spraying time. It also indicates that with effective spraying systems, chemical application rates can be reduced to 50-75% of label rates. This should give the apple industry the confidence to reduce rates and still produce crops of high quality fruit.
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TOOR, AMRIT PAL, VASUNDHARA SINGH, CHAND KIRAN JOTSHI, PRAMOD KUMAR BAJPAI, and ANOOP VERMA. "Treatment of Bleaching Effluent From the Pulp and Paper Industry by Photcatalytic Oxidation." TAPPI Journal 6, no. 6 (July 1, 2007): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj6.6.9.
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We investigated the photocatalytic degradation of COD in bleach plant effluent in a low-cost, nonconcentrating shallow pond slurry reactor using artificial UV light. We studied the photocatalytic oxidative degradation using Degussa P25 titatium dioxide (TiO2). Effects on degradation of catalyst loading, initial COD values, UV intensity, and aperture-to-volume ratio of the reactor were studied. Degradation rates were strongly influenced by some of these measures. Treatment efficiencies declined with a decrease in UV light intensity and increased with an increase in aperture-to-volume ratio. Results obtained in sunlight were similar to those obtained under artificial UV light in the laboratory.
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Madzikigwa, Bizzar B. "Nature and Effects of Low-Volume Roads in Botswana." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-14.
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The road sector in Botswana continues to develop its road network throughout the country at a tremendous rate. When Botswana gained independence in 1966, it had only 10 km (16 mi) of bitumen road. By 1992 the total length of bituminous surfaced road reached 3500 km (2,175 mi) out of a total road network of 18 000 km (11,285 mi). These statistics clearly show that the majority of roads are not yet surfaced; these are low-volume roads that provide access to the rural areas where most of the country’s population is found, though in low density. In spite of the rapid improvement in the quality of the national road network in recent years, much remains to be done. In the early 1970s and early 1980s the rural roads unit was introduced in the Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, which was charged with the responsibility of design and construction of low-volume roads around the country in a bid to integrate the country’s road network. This unit was later disbanded in the 1990s, and all roads are improved through the conventional procurement system using private contractors. For these roads the justification of a surfacing project based on conventional economic return methods does not apply, and worse still, the road improvements have to compete with other amenities for the same limited resources. Three ministries in Botswana are responsible for roads: Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, Ministry of Local Government, and Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism. These ministries have different responsibilities for different roads within the country, and earth, sand, and gravel roads are found under the jurisdiction of each of the ministries. The major drawbacks concerning low-volume roads in Botswana are inadequate maintenance, poor road construction materials, and the environmental impacts of the roads. Since the budget and resources are inadequate to keep these roads in good condition, it would be prudent to find technological means that would improve the locally available road construction materials so as to minimize their effects on the environment and vehicle operating costs.
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Anugrah, Iwan Setiajie, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, and NFN Erwidodo. "MILK COLLECTION POINTS: INOVASI KEMITRAAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI PERAH DI PANGALENGAN-BANDUNG SELATAN." Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n1.2021.1-18.
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<p>The fulfillment of national milk consumption is still facing the problem of low production, productivity and quality of milk from smallholder dairy farmers. Efforts to improve the performance of dairy farming are continuously being made, one of which is partnership cooperation between the milk processing industry, dairy farmers and dairy cooperative. This paper aims to analyze the success of an innovative partnership between the Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) milk processing industry and farmers who are members of the South Bandung Dairy Cooperative (KPBS) Pangalengan through the management of the Milk Collection Point (MCP) program. The study results indicate that the cause of the low quality of fresh milk is influenced by the number of initial bacteria in fresh milk, the milk supply chain from farmers to the milk processing industry is too long, and the cooling system is inadequate. The low quality is the cause of the low selling price of fresh milk. The MCP program has not only succeeded in improving the quality of fresh milk but has also provided price incentives for farmers. Dairy farmers who are members of the KPBS receive incentives to improve the dairy cattle management process in the MCP program's direction. It is recommended that cooperation between dairy farmers, the milk processing industry, and dairy farmer cooperatives should continue to be developed to encourage an increase in milk volume and quality as raw material for the milk processing industry. This effort is expected to have an impact on increasing the income and welfare of the dairy farmers in Indonesia.</p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Pemenuhan kebutuhan susu nasional masih menghadapi permasalahan rendahnya capaian produksi, produktivitas dan kualitas susu dari peternak sapi perah rakyat. Berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja peternakan sapi perah rakyat terus dilakukan, salah satunya berupa kerja sama kemitraan antara industri pengolahan susu dengan peternak dan koperasi peternak sapi perah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberhasilan sebuah inovasi kemitraan antara industri pengolahan susu <em>Frisian Flag Indonesia (</em>FFI) dengan para petermak yang tergabung dalam Koperasi Persusuan Bandung Selatan (KPBS) Pangalengan melalui pengelolaan program <em>Milk Collection Point (</em>MCP). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab rendahnya kualitas susu segar dipengaruhi oleh jumlah bakteri awal pada susu segar, rantai pasok penyetoran susu dari peternak kepada industri pengolahan susu terlalu panjang, dan sistem pendingin yang kurang memadai. Rendahnya kualitas menjadi penyebab rendahnya harga jual susu segar. Program MCP tidak saja berhasil meningkatkan kualitas susu segar juga telah memberikan insentif harga bagi peternak. Para peternak yang tergabung dalam KPBS memperoleh insentif untuk meningkatkan proses pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah ke arah yang dipersyaratkan oleh program MCP. Kerja sama antara peternak sapi perah, industri pengolahan susu, dan koperasi peternak dapat terus dikembangkan sehingga dapat mendorong peningkatan volume dan kualitas susu sebagai bahan baku industri pengolahan susu. Upaya ini diharapkan berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan peternak sapi perah di Indonesia.</p>
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Bugarčić, Filip, and Marijana Bugarčić. "Low-cost air traffic as a determinant of tourism development." Ekonomski izazovi 10, no. 19 (2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2119043b.
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Air transport as an organized form of service provision, especially in passenger transport, can be important for increasing the number of foreign tourists. Globalization and the development of information technologies have contributed to the development of the business model of airlines, which has enabled a significant reduction in the cost of air travel and the accelerated development of this industry. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the global trend of development of low-cost airlines, their way of doing business and the effects they have on the development of tourism. The increase in the number of low-budget airlines has multiple effects on the development of international tourism and passenger transport due to cheaper transport, which is made possible by improving the competitiveness of air transport after its deregulation. In addition, lower prices and a better logistical position can contribute to an increase in the number of foreign tourists and a higher income for this industry, as well as other related economic activities. The aim of this paper is to examine through theoretical and empirical insight whether there is an impact of low-cost airlines on the volume of air traffic and the intensity of passenger transport, with an emphasis on existing literature, as well as empirical confirmation on the example of Serbia. The conducted research has important implications, since in pandemic conditions, further development of low-budget airlines is expected to contribute to the recovery of air traffic and tourism.
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Vol’nikov, Vladislav R., Alexander Yu Ul’yanov, Ruslan R. Salikhov, Oksana S. Durakova, Natalia G. Avdeeva, Yulia I. Samokhvalova, and Oksana A. Volokh. "Ecological safety and prospects of development of low-waste technologies in the biotechnology industry." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-3-317-323.
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Environmental pollution with industrial waste is an urgent problem today. A special place in the list of pollutants belongs to waste from biotechnological enterprises and industries, whose activities are related to the production of various drugs. Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» is the only manufacturer of unique immunobiological drugs in the Russian Federation – bivalent chemical cholera vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin from horse blood serum (AIG). At present, the institute actively uses fibrin as a basis for nutrient media – a waste in the production of AIG; a technology for the regeneration of alcohol waste has been developed; biologically active substances were obtained from the production waste of specific components of the cholera vaccine. The aim of the work was to assess the prospects of using waste products from the production of specific components of cholera vaccine (cholerogen-toxoid – X-AT, and O-antigen – O-AG) – formalized detoxified microbial-free filtrate (FMF), as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of industrial strains of microorganisms. It has been shown that the best methods for reducing formalin concentration are autoclaving and chemical neutralization with aqueous ammonia. During low-volume cultivation of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains on all variants of experimental media based on PBP, an increase in biomass was noted. The production of Vibrio cholerae antigens at a level comparable to that of growing on a control nutrient medium was recorded in a medium variant based on O-AG production waste. The use of FMF as a nutrient medium in the future will reduce the volume of waste generated and reduce the load on the treatment facilities of the Institute, which will increase the environmental safety of production.
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Gjeldum, Nikola, Bashir Salah, Amanda Aljinovic, and Sajjad Khan. "Utilization of Industry 4.0 Related Equipment in Assembly Line Balancing Procedure." Processes 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070864.
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In recent decades, production in high-volume/low-variety batches is replaced with low-volume/high-variety production type. This type of production demands excessive flows of both material and information. Recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), together with the concept of cyber-psychical system (CPS) enable the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). In this paper, the performance of I4.0 related equipment implementation is presented in iterative assembly line balancing (ALB) process of a gearbox assembly line. Largest candidate rule method through spreadsheet simulation was used for tasks reallocations, with the objective to minimize the cycle time when the number of stations is fixed. Utilization of human analysts using snap back method for manual data gathering process still shown advantage over I4.0 equipment utilization in manual ALB. The assembly process is performed in the learning factory environment, and it is considered as very close to real industry process. The major conclusion is that I4.0 is excellent in process data monitoring and product tracking, but activities to be performed to effectively exploit I4.0 is demanding for task reallocations during the balancing procedure. Nevertheless, future enhancements of I4.0 system are listed to bridge this gap and to increase I4.0 system usefulness in the manual assembly line balancing process.
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Zhu, Jin, Huaping Sun, Nanying Liu, Dequn Zhou, and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary. "Measuring Carbon Market Transaction Efficiency in the Power Industry: An Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS Approach." Entropy 22, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090973.
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Carbon emission control is an urgent environmental issue that governments are paying increasing attention to. Improving carbon market transaction efficiency in the context of China’s power industry is important for green growth, low carbon transmission, and the realization of sustainable development goals. We used the entropy-weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in this empirical study to analyze the carbon market transaction efficiency of China’s power industry. The results showed that the Beijing carbon market has the highest transaction efficiency, followed by those of Guangdong Province and Shenzhen City. Hubei Province also has a relatively high carbon market transaction volume and turnover; its transaction efficiency ranks fourth. Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing are the lowest-ranked regions, having carbon markets with relatively low trading volume and turnover. We, therefore, recommend that to develop a unified national carbon market, governmental agencies at all levels should equitably allocate carbon; strict regulations and penalties are also needed.
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Yakusheva, Maria, Aleksander Mokhirev, and Pavel Dudin. "Specific features of wood resources processing at forest industry enterprises." BIO Web of Conferences 93 (2024): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249301021.
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The paper presents the results of scientific research of certain features of wood resources processing at the enterprises of the forest industry. Considering that the forest industry is actively developing, the volumes of processed raw materials are increasing, the amount of generated secondary wood resources (waste) is increasing. The purpose of the work is to identify some key features of their use. For this purpose, the analysis of literary sources was used. Practical experience of domestic and foreign timber companies was also considered. As a result, a significant lag of the Russian timber industry from foreign best practices was revealed. In particular, the volume of manufactured products is significantly inferior to those of timber reserves and processed raw materials. This is due to the low share of participation and efficiency in the utilization of secondary wood resources. Another important conclusion was that the main problem in terms of the secondary wood resources utilization is to find optimal ways of using secondary wood raw materials. Significant volumes of wood waste generation in various technological processes were shown. Separate requirements were revealed and demonstrated to the initial raw materials to obtain products from the raw materials of wood. An important outcome was that the higher feedstock requirements of large-scale production facilities were identified. Smaller production facilities are often more flexible and adaptable to the available resources.
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Ribeiro, Francisco Wellington, Jackeline Lucas Souza, Raimundo Eduardo Silveira Fontenele, and Francisco Adelmo Medeiros Damasceno. "Concentration of water use permit and volume-based fees in Ceará, Brazil." Water Policy 23, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.169.
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Abstract This research aims to identify the level of concentration of the volume granted (the so-called permit) by grantee sectors in the State of Ceará, Brazil, as well as to simulate both the impact of the permit fees, and to conjecture about the permit concentration trend due to fee increase. The Gini index is calculated for all users with granted volume; next, fees are applied to the volume granted, observing the impact of charging to users; and lastly, the migration of irrigation users are conjectured based on the volume granted. The results indicate high Gini index for the supply, industry and irrigation; high impact on irrigation charge and low impacts on supply and industry; and concentration trend in irrigation due to elevated charges when the permit fee is applied. The authors conclude that the joint charging (consumption and permit) is relevant, as long as an effort is made by the basin committee to increase acceptance of a substantial fee increase.
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Marchuk, Irina. "THE STATE OF THE TIMBER INDUSTRY COMPLEX OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN A SPARSELY FORESTED REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2021-9-1-62-72.
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The timber industry complex of the Russian Federation ranks fourth among all branches of the country, because in terms of forest area Russia ranks first in the world (8148895 km2), which is about 49.76% of the total area of Russia. The timber industry complex is a complex system and consists of four components (logging industry, woodworking industry, pulp and paper industry, wood chemical industry). Particular attention is paid to this industry in Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia and the Far East, because these regions have the greatest forest cover. In sparsely wooded regions, the timber industry is not a priority and little attention is paid to it, both by the state and by investors. In this article, we examined the state of the forestry complex of the Voronezh region, the forest cover of this territory is only eight percent of the entire territory of the country, all forests are protective, therefore the volume of timber is carried out thanks to sanitary felling and is about 285 thousand m3. In this region there are about 20 large and medium-sized enterprises involved in the timber industry and about 40 small private enterprises. The main problem of the timber industry complex in a low-wooded region is low-quality products, imperfection of regulatory legal acts at the regional level, and lack of investment. In this regard, measures were proposed that will contribute to the development of the timber industry complex in the low-forest region.
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Broadberry, Stephen, and Sayantan Ghosal. "From the Counting House to the Modern Office: Explaining Anglo-American Productivity Differences in Services, 1870–1990." Journal of Economic History 62, no. 4 (December 2002): 967–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050702001614.
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The United States overtook Britain in comparative aggregate productivity levels primarily as a result of trends in services rather than trends in industry. This occurred during the transition from customized, low-volume, high-margin business organized on the basis of networks to standardized, high-volume, low-margin business with hierarchical management from the 1870s. This transformation from the counting house to the modern office was dependent on technologies that improved communications and information processing. The technologies were slower to diffuse in Britain as a result of lower levels of education and stronger labor-force resistance to intensification.
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Barouni, Eleftheria, Theano Petsi, Maria Kanellaki, Argyro Bekatorou, and Athanasios A. Koutinas. "Low Volume Bioreactor Development in Dairy Industry Based on Encapsulated Rennin in Tubular Cellulose/Starch Gel Composite." Food and Bioprocess Technology 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-017-2005-1.
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Bautsch, Florian, Georg Männel, and Philipp Rostalski. "Development of a Novel Low-cost Lung Function Simulator." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0140.
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AbstractIn order to test medical devices, industry increasingly uses simulators closely reassembling the behaviour of physiological systems. In the context of respiratory therapy, most available simulators are designed based on a ventilated volume. This highly adjustable volume allowing for fast dynamical changes often leads to very costintensive test devices, particularly when incorporating realistic spontaneous breathing. Therefore, in this article we introduce a novel concept for a low-cost lung simulator, capable of mimicking the ventilation behaviour of the human lung at the Y-piece of a mechanical ventilator. The proposed design does not require any enclosed spaces to hold inhaled air nor expensive precise linear actuators adjusting its volume. Instead, the setup is designed based on the design of a mechanical ventilator, connecting the system with one port to the ventilator and then dividing the hose into two independent branches. Each branch has an integrated radial fan and a proportional valve, controlling the inspiratory and expiratory flow, individually. The mass flow and pressure are measured at the systems inlet port, representing the condition at patient airway. In contrast to existing setups, the proposed design is not limited by the physical properties of a volume such as fixed maximum size, allowing the simulation of various types of patients and conditions. Numerical simulations to evaluate this system design showed the ability to generate a realistic spontaneous breathing pattern. With a first experimental setup it was possible to prove the feasibility of this approach, by generating common flow curves during spontaneous breathing. Building on this design, the approach could eventually lead to a more accessible method for testing.
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Nurainun, Tengku, and Yurike Novita Sari. "Penjadwalan Produksi High Mix Low Volume Menggunakan Algoritma Non Delay untuk Meningkatkan Target Produksi di PT. X." JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 220–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jti.v9i3.6652.
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Intisari— Penelitian ini mengenai penjadwalan produksi high mix low volume menggunakan metode algoritma non delay dan akan dilakukan perbandingan dengan penjadwalan aktual perusahaan untuk meminimasi makespan. PT. X merupakan industri manufaktur yang merupakan produsen medical device (alat medis) produk yang dibuat memiliki 1550 variasi (high mix low volume). Sistem produksi perusahaan ini adalah make to order. Pada tipe produksi ini sulit melakukan penjadwalan produksi karena proses high mix low volume, jenis proses dimana beragam jenis produk yang diproduksi dengan jumlah yang relative rendah. Tingginya beragam jenis produk yang diproduksi menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi dalam pelaksanaan aliran produksi. Sehingga menimbulkan masalah dalam perusahaan seperti estimasi waktu yang sulit yang berdampak pada tidak tercapainya target produksi 90% OTD. Berdasarkan permasalahn tersebut maka dilakukan perbandingan penjadwalan awal pada perusahaan dengan penjadwalan menggunakan metode algoritma non delay. Metode penjadwalan awal pada perusahaan menghasilkan makespan sebesar 125961 menit sedangkan metode algoritma non delay sebesar 27190,18 menit. Maka makespan yang dihasilkan oleh penjadwalan algoritma non delay berkurang 78% daripada penjadwalan awal perusahaan. Abstract— This study discusses the scheduling of high mix low volume production using non-delay algorithm methods and will be carried out by the company's actual scheduling to minimize makespan. PT. X is a manufacturing industry that is a manufacturer of medical devices products that have 1550 variations (high mix low volume). The production system of this company is make to order. In this type of production it is difficult to schedule production because of the high mix low volume process, the type of process in which various types of products are produced with relatively low amounts. The high variety of products produced causes several complications in the implementation of the production flow. So as to cause problems within the company such as difficult time estimates that have an impact on not achieving the 90% OTD production target. Based on the problem, a comparison of the initial scheduling of the company is carried out by scheduling using the non-delay algorithm method. The initial scheduling method at the company produces makespan of 125961 minutes while the non delay algorithm method is 27190.18 minutes. Then the makespan produced by non-delay algorithm scheduling is reduced by 78% than the company's initial scheduling.
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Loh, Chee-Hoe, Yi-Chung Chen, and Chwen-Tzeng Su. "Using Transfer Learning and Radial Basis Function Deep Neural Network Feature Extraction to Upgrade Existing Product Fault Detection Systems for Industry 4.0: A Case Study of a Spring Factory." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2024): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14072913.
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In the era of Industry 3.0, product fault detection systems became important auxiliary systems for factories. These systems efficiently monitor product quality, and as such, substantial amounts of capital were invested in their development. However, with the arrival of Industry 4.0, high-volume low-mix production modes are gradually being replaced by low-volume high-mix production modes, reducing the applicability of existing systems. The extent of investment has prompted factories to seek upgrades to tailor existing systems to suit new production modes. In this paper, we propose an approach to upgrading based on the concept of transfer learning. The key elements are (1) using a framework with a basic model and an add-on model rather than fine-tuning parameters and (2) designing a radial basis function deep neural network (RBF-DNN) to extract important features to construct the basic and add-on models. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified using real-world data from a spring factory.
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Jiang, Lian Zhi. "The Design of Electromagnetic Heating Furnace Based on Bridge Type Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.435.
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This paper introduce a power regulator controlled technology using bridge type inverter, and apply it to the design of electromagnetic heating furnace. The main circuit, principle, control scheme and how to design of the heating furnace are described. The heating furnace proved to be low cost, low weight, low volume, high efficience of output. The routes and technical details, this paper dealed with, has the reference value in the relevant industry design.
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Xing, Jiarui, Jinlei Zhu, and Yuxuan Liu. "Scenario prediction of carbon peaking in China's logistics industry based on SVR." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 47 (May 11, 2023): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v47i.8220.
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As a strategic, basic and leading industry for the development of China's national economy, the logistics industry shoulders the important mission of implementing the national "dual carbon" goal. It is urgent to keep up with the pace of the times and accelerate the green and low-carbon process of the logistics industry. Based on the relevant data from 1998 to 2020, this paper selects 8 indicators such as fixed asset investment in the logistics industry, freight turnover, passenger turnover, freight volume, the number of trucks, PM2.5 concentration and per capita GDP. The scenario analysis method is combined with the SSA-SVR model to establish a scenario prediction model for China's logistics industry's carbon peaking. The research results show that: under the baseline scenario, the carbon emissions of China's logistics industry will peak in 2047; under the low-carbon scenario, carbon emissions will peak in 2038; under the enhanced low-carbon scenario, carbon emissions will peak in 2029. 55.94 million tons. Combined with the trend analysis results under different scenarios, China should continue to strengthen the construction of the carbon trading market, optimize the industrial structure, and accelerate the progress of carbon peaking.
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Mykytyuk, Petro, Vasyl Brych, Volodymyr Manzhula, Olena Borysiak, Anatoliy Sachenko, Arkadiusz Banasik, Wojciech M. Kempa, Yuliia Mykytyuk, Aleksandra Czupryna-Nowak, and Iryna Lebid. "Efficient Management of Material Resources in Low-Carbon Construction." Energies 17, no. 3 (January 24, 2024): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030575.
Full textAbstract:
The sustainable implementation of resources and the transition to low-carbon construction is on the world’s daily agenda. This paper describes the development of criteria for the efficient management of material resources in low-carbon construction. Net income, gross profit, balance sheets, and equity are proposed as indicators that serve as criteria for assessing the efficient use of resources. Nonlinear regression models were the methodological basis for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships of the volume of construction of transport structures. It was established that since construction companies do not purchase materials for storage, the cost of materials for use in low-carbon technological construction work is directly proportional to the cost of construction. The volume of production in the construction industry is determined by construction costs. More efficient use of low-carbon materials reduces cost and construction waste. In this paper, we have established the relationship between the indicator of efficiency for the functioning of the construction enterprises in Ukraine and the use of low-carbon materials for the construction of transport structures. The practical value of the obtained results for low-carbon construction management lies in proving the relationship between the performance indicators of the construction enterprise (net profit, gross profit, output volume, balance sheets, and equity capital) and the use of low-carbon material resources. Our results form the basis for future research into the use of a cost-based model for low-carbon economy transition in municipalities and regions.
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Vnukova, Nataliya, Tetiana Tokhtamysh, Kateryna Hranko, and Sergii Sokol. "Financial leasing for the extractive industry: status and trends." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 970, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/970/1/012036.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article proves the necessity and expediency of using financial leasing by extractive industry enterprises to minimize the cost of purchasing, using, maintaining equipment and maintaining production capacity. Foreign and domestic financial leasing practices analyzed and their direct impact on the development of the country’s economy is determined. Financial leasing will become more accessible and understandable for enterprises of different sectors of the economy after the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine “On Financial Leasing”. The analysis of the value of the concluded financial leasing agreements by sectors of the economy carried out and their basic tendencies defined. It is determined that the volume of concluded financial leasing agreements by extractive industry enterprises has a small share in comparison with other branches of economy. The analysis of the effectiveness of structural changes confirm the low demand for financial leasing by extractive industry enterprises. It is determined that the use of financial leasing by extractive industry enterprises will expand existing production, introduce the latest technologies, minimize costs for the purchase, use, maintenance and upgrade of equipment and means of production.