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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay

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Academic literature on the topic 'Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay"

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Kim, G. B., S. Choi, F. A. Danevich, A. Fleischmann, C. S. Kang, H. J. Kim, S. R. Kim, et al. "A CaMoO4Crystal Low Temperature Detector for the AMoRE Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Search." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/817530.

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We report the development of a CaMoO4crystal low temperature detector for the AMoRE neutrinoless double beta decay(0νββ)search experiment. The prototype detector cell was composed of a 216 g CaMoO4crystal and a metallic magnetic calorimeter. An overground measurement demonstrated FWHM resolution of 6–11 keV for full absorption gamma peaks. Pulse shape discrimination was clearly demonstrated in the phonon signals, and 7.6 σof discrimination power was found for theαandβ/γseparation. The phonon signals showed rise-times of about 1 ms. It is expected that the relatively fast rise-time will increase the rejection efficiency of two-neutrino double beta decay pile-up events which can be one of the major background sources in0νββsearches.

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Metzger, Bloen, Ouamar Rahli, and Xiaolong Yin. "Heat transfer across sheared suspensions: role of the shear-induced diffusion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 724 (April 29, 2013): 527–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.173.

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AbstractSuspensions of non-Brownian spherical particles undergoing shear provide a unique system where mixing occurs spontaneously at low Reynolds numbers. Through a combination of experiments and simulations, we investigate the effect of shear-induced particle diffusion on the transfer of heat across suspensions. The influence of particle size, particle volume fraction and applied shear are examined. By applying a heat pulse to the inner copper wall of a Couette cell and analysing its transient temperature decay, the effective thermal diffusivity of the suspension, $\alpha $, is obtained. Using index matching and laser-induced fluorescence imaging, we measured individual particle trajectories and calculated their diffusion coefficients. Simulations that combined a lattice Boltzmann technique to solve for the flow and a passive Brownian tracer algorithm to solve for the transfer of heat are in very good agreement with experiments. Fluctuations induced by the presence of particles within the fluid cause a significant enhancement (${\gt }200\hspace{0.167em} \% $) of the suspension transport properties. The effective thermal diffusivity was found to be linear with respect to both the Péclet number ($\mathit{Pe}= \dot {\gamma } {d}^{2} / {\alpha }_{0} \leq 100$) and the solid volume fraction ($\phi \leq 40\hspace{0.167em} \% $), leading to a simple correlation $\alpha / {\alpha }_{0} = 1+ \beta \phi \mathit{Pe}$ where $\beta = 0. 046$ and ${\alpha }_{0} $ is the thermal diffusivity of the suspension at rest. In our Couette cell, the enhancement was found to be optimum for a volume fraction, $\phi \approx 40\hspace{0.167em} \% $, above which, due to steric effects, both the particle diffusion motion and of the effective thermal diffusion dramatically decrease. No such correlation was found between the average particle rotation and the thermal diffusivity of the suspension, suggesting that the driving mechanism for enhanced transport is the translational particle diffusivity. Movies are available with the online version of the paper.

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Pavan, M. "CUORE/CUORICINO: Double Beta Decay with low temperature detectors." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 168 (June 2007): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.02.007.

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Kang, W. G., J. H. Choi, E. J. Jeon, J. I. Lee, H. J. Kim, S. K. Kim, Y. D. Kim, et al. "Ultra-low gamma-ray measurement system for neutrinoless double beta decay." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 81 (November 2013): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.057.

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Poda, Denys, and Andrea Giuliani. "Low background techniques in bolometers for double-beta decay search." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 30 (October 30, 2017): 1743012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17430126.

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Bolometers are low temperature particle detectors with high energy resolution and detection efficiency. Some types of bolometric detectors are also able to perform an efficient particle identification. A wide variety of radiopure dielectric and diamagnetic materials makes the bolometric technique favorable for applications in astroparticle physics. In particular, thanks to their superior performance, bolometers play an important role in the worldwide efforts on searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Such experiments strongly require an extremely low level of the backgrounds that can easily mimic the process searched for. Here, we overview recent progress in the development of low background techniques for bolometric double-beta decay searches.

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Folan, L. M., V. I. Tsifrinovich, and V. A. Sheverev. "The low-temperature rate of electron capture beta decay in magnetic materials." Journal of Applied Physics 79, no. 8 (1996): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362228.

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Kim, Sang Goon, Jin-A. Jeon, H. B. Kim, H. L. Kim, So Ra Kim, Yong-Hamb Kim, D. H. Kwon, Min Kyu Lee, Y. C. Lee, and K. R. Woo. "Low Temperature Property Study of MMCs Used for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, no. 5 (August 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2021.3066179.

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Jo, H. S., S. Choi, F. A. Danevich, A. Fleischmann, J. A. Jeon, C. S. Kang, W. G. Kang, et al. "Status of the AMoRE Experiment Searching for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Using Low-Temperature Detectors." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 193, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2018): 1182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1925-0.

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KLAPDOR-KLEINGROTHAUS, H. V., I. V. KRIVOSHEINA, and I. V. TITKOVA. "THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF PULSE SHAPES OF DOUBLE BETA EVENTS IN A 76Ge DETECTOR, THEIR DEPENDENCE ON PARTICLE PHYSICS PARAMETERS, AND THEIR SEPARABILITY FROM BACKGROUND GAMMA EVENTS." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 16 (May 30, 2006): 1257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306020524.

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For the first time the expected pulse shapes to be observed for neutrinoless double beta events in a big 76 Ge detector have been calculated starting from their Monte Carlo calculated time history and spatial energy distribution. It is shown that with the spatial resolution of a large size Ge detector for the majority of 0νββ events it is not possible to differentiate between the contributions of different particle physics parameters entering into the 0νββ decay process — in the mass mechanism the effective neutrino mass and the right-handed weak current parameters λ, η. It is shown that on the other hand it is possible in a 76 Ge double beta decay experiment to reject a background of larger sizes (high multiplicity) gamma events by selecting low size (low multiplicity) events. First comparison of the theoretical ββ pulses to events from the line observed at3,4Qββ shows very good agreement. It is shown further that a rather good radial position determination of ββ events in the detector is possible. By the same type of calculation it is shown that use of the pulse shapes of the 1592 keV double escape line of the 2614 keV γ-transition from 228 Th for calibrating a neuronal net for search of events of neutrinoless double beta decay should be helpful.

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Poda, Denys. "Scintillation in Low-Temperature Particle Detectors." Physics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 473–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3030032.

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Inorganic crystal scintillators play a crucial role in particle detection for various applications in fundamental physics and applied science. The use of such materials as scintillating bolometers, which operate at temperatures as low as 10 mK and detect both heat (phonon) and scintillation signals, significantly extends detectors performance compared to the conventional scintillation counters. In particular, such low-temperature devices offer a high energy resolution in a wide energy interval thanks to a phonon signal detection, while a simultaneous registration of scintillation emitted provides an efficient particle identification tool. This feature is of great importance for a background identification and rejection. Combined with a large variety of elements of interest, which can be embedded in crystal scintillators, scintillating bolometers represent powerful particle detectors for rare-event searches (e.g., rare alpha and beta decays, double-beta decay, dark matter particles, neutrino detection). Here, we review the features and results of low-temperature scintillation detection achieved over a 30-year history of developments of scintillating bolometers and their use in rare-event search experiments.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay"

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Williams, Dennis Andrew. "A study of anisotropic particle emission from oriented nuclei." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363998.

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Khalife, Hawraa. "CROSS and CUPID-Mo : future strategies and new results in bolometric search for 0νββ." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP002.

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La désintégration double-beta sans émission de neutrino est une transition nucléaire hypothétique et rare (T₁/₂>10²⁶ ans). Son observation fournirait de précieuses informations sur la nature des neutrinos. En particulier, cela démontrerait que ceux-ci sont des particules de Majorana et qu’il n’y a pas conservation du nombre de lepton. Cette désintégration peut être étudiée avec des bolomètres dont l’absorbeur contient l’isotope susceptible de se désintégrer, mais la possibilité d’analyser ce processus rare dépend crucialement du niveau de bruit de fond dans la région d’intérêt. Une nouvelle R&D a récemment débuté au sein du projet CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) visant au développement de bolomètres cryogéniques incluant les isotopes prometteurs ¹⁰⁰Mo and ¹³⁰Te. Ces bolomètres sont capables de discriminer les interactions α et β de surface via l’exploitation des propriétés d’un matériau supraconducteur (film d’Al) ou d’un métal normal (film de Pd) déposé sur les faces du cristal (Li₂MoO₄ and TeO₂). Ces films jouent le rôle de modificateurs de forme pour les impulsions. Les résultats des tests sur des prototypes fabriqués et testés au CSNSM (Orsay, France) ont montré la capacité de films d’Al (de Pd) de quelques μm (nm) d’épaisseur déposés à la surface du cristal de discriminer les événements de surface des événements bulk, avec un niveau de réjection compatible avec celui exigé par les expériences finales. Alors que le film d’Al ne peut identifier que les particules α de surface, avec des films métalliques normaux, nous avons été capables de séparer également les composantes β de surface. Ceci constitue une avancée importante dans la technologie bolométrique pour la décroissance double beta qui pourrait atteindre, avec cette technologie, un indice de bruit de fond de l’ordre de 10⁻⁵ événements/(keV kg an). De plus, la présente thèse expose les résultats de l’expérience CUPID-Mo, un démonstrateur de CUPID, une expérience d’une tonne de prochaine génération pour la détection du 0νββ. CUPID-Mo utilise des bolomètres scintillants en Li₂MoO₄ qui discriminent entre les α et les β/γ, permettant ainsi de rejeter la contribution dominante au bruit de fond (particules α). L’expérience a permis d’atteindre une nouvelle limite sur le temps de demi-vie de la désintégration 0νββ dans le ¹⁰⁰Mo : T₁/₂> 1.5 x 10²⁴ ans à 90% C.I
Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a hypothetical rare nuclear transition (T₁/₂>10²⁶ yr). Its observation would provide an important insight about the nature of neutrinos ascertaining that they are Majorana particles and demonstrating that the lepton number is not conserved. This decay can be investigated with bolometers embedding the double beta decay isotope, the possibility to investigate this rare process is strongly influenced by the background level in the region of interest. A new R&D has recently begun within the CROSS project (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aiming at the development of bolometric detectors, embedding the promising isotopes ¹⁰⁰Mo and ¹³⁰Te, capable of discriminating surface α et β interactions by exploiting the properties of superconducting material (Al film) or normal metal (Pd film) deposited on the crystal faces (Li₂MoO₄ and TeO₂). These films work as pulse-shape modifiers. The results of the tests on prototypes performed at CSNSM (Orsay, France) showed the capability of a few- μm (nm)-thick Al (Pd) film deposited on the crystal surface to discriminate surface from bulk events, with the required rejection level of the surface background. While Al film can only identify surface α particles, with normal-metal films we were able to separate also the β surface component. This is a breakthrough in bolometric technology for double beta decay that could lead to reach a background index in the range 10⁻⁵ counts/(keV kg yr). In addition, the thesis covers the CUPID-Mo experiment, a demonstrator of CUPID, the next-generation ton-scale cryogenic 0νββ experiment. CUPID-Mo employs Li₂MoO₄ scintillating bolometers that allows to discriminate between α and β/γ, thus rejecting the dominant contribution on the background that consists in α particle interactions. The experiment achieved a new limit on the half-life of 0νββ decay in ¹⁰⁰Mo of T₁/₂> 1.5 x 10²⁴ yr at 90% C.I., the best ever obtained worldwide on this isotope

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Xu, Yue-shu. "Study of the decay ¹⁸⁴Au-¹⁸⁴Pt by means of gamma and electron spectroscopy and low temperature nuclear orientation." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36554.

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Books on the topic "Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay"

1

Xu, Yue-shu. Study of the decay ¹⁸⁴Au-¹⁸⁴Pt by means of gamma and electron spectroscopy and low temperature nuclear orientation. 1992.

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Xu, Yue-shu. Study of the decay ¹⁸⁴Au-¹⁸⁴Pt by means of gamma and electron spectroscopy and low temperature nuclear orientation. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay"

1

Andreo, P., J. G. Esteve, and A. F. Pacheco. "Monte Carlo Simulation of a Double-Beta Decay Experiment with Superconducting-Superheated Tin Granules." In Low Temperature Detectors for Neutrinos and Dark Matter, 65–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72959-1_8.

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2

Larrea, A., A. Morales, J. Morales, R. Núñez-Lagos, J. Puimedón, and J. A. Villar. "ON SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERHEATED GRANULES (SSG) DEVICES AS DOUBLE BETA DECAY DETECTORS." In Superconducting and Low-Temperature Particle Detectors, 161–89. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87414-6.50017-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low temperature; Gamma decay; Beta decay"

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Cremonesi, O. "Cryogenic detectors for Double Beta decay." In LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS: Ninth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors. American Institute of Physics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457682.

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Pedretti, M., Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller. "A ton-scale bolometric detector for the search for neutrinoless double beta decay." In THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS—LTD13. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3292404.

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"KATRIN—a new tritium beta decay experiment to study the electron neutrino mass in the sub-eV range." In LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS: Ninth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors. American Institute of Physics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457686.

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Beeman, J., M. Dolinski, T. D. Gutierrez, E. E. Haller, R. Maruyama, A. R. Smith, N. Xu, et al. "CUORE: An Experiment to Investigate for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay by Cooling 750 kg of TeO2 Crystals at 10mK." In LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS: 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics - LT24. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2355328.

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Armengaud, E., C. Augier, A. S. Barabash, F. Bellini, A. Beno, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, et al. "Precise measurement of 2ν2β decay of 100Mo with Li2MoO4 low temperature detectors: Preliminary results." In WORKSHOP ON CALCULATION OF DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY MATRIX ELEMENTS (MEDEX’19). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5130966.

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Alessandrello, A., C. Brofferio, D. V. Camin, O. Cremonesi, G. Gervasio, E. Fiorini, A. Giuliani, et al. "A search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te with a low temperature calorimeter." In Proceedings of the XXVI International Conference on High Energy Physics. Vol. II. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43264.

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de Wet, G. J., and C. Dent. "PBMR Spent Fuel Bulk Dry Storage Heat Removal." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58170.

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A low decay heat (implying Spent Fuel (SF) pebbles older than 8–9 years) bulk dry storage section is proposed to supplement a 12-tank wet storage section. Decay heat removal by passive means must be guaranteed, taking into account the fact that dry storage vessels are under ground and inside the building footprint. Cooling takes place when ambient air (drawn downwards from ground level) passes on the outside of the 6 tanks’ vessel containment (and gamma shielding), which is in a separate room inside the building, but outside PBMR building confinement and open to atmosphere. Access for loading / unloading of SF pebbles is only from the top of a tank, which is inside PBMR building confinement. No radioactive substances can therefore leak into atmosphere, as vessel design will take into account corrosion allowance. In this paper, it is shown (using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelling and analytical analyses) that natural convection and draught induced flow combine to remove decay heat in a self-sustaining process. Decay heat is the energy source, which powers the draught inducing capability of the dry storage modular cell system: the more decay heat, the bigger the drive to expel heated air through a higher outlet and entrain cool ambient air from ground level to the bottom of the modular cell.

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Irving, Clare, Pete Burgess, and Keith Stevens. "Dealing With a Pa-231 Contaminated Ventilation Duct." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59248.

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Cambridge University had worked in the 1960s and 1970s with Pa-231, a decay product of U-235. The fume cupboards discharged into ventilation ducting made from asbestos cement. The university wished to refurbish the laboratory and the RPA had negotiated over many years with the Environment Agency to set up a project to remove the ducting both to reduce the radiological hazards and as part of a programme to remove unwanted circuits and upgrade the ventilation system to modern standards. Contamination levels were significant and low dose rates were measurable on the external surface. The aim was to be able to remove the ducting and treat it as asbestos waste, rather than to have to treat the debris as asbestos contaminated radioactive waste. The age of the contaminant was such that a large fraction of the decay chain had grown in, giving a mixture of alpha, beta and gamma emissions. The most useful nuclides for surface monitoring were Pb-211 and Tl-207, both of which are energetic beta emitters. A wide energy range beta detector was used, but it was fitted with a filter to absorb any alpha radiation which otherwise would have contributed to the signal for good surfaces but not for dusty, damp or rough surfaces and would have contributed to the uncertainty in the activity assessment. Samples were checked using gamma spectrometry to confirm that only Pa-231 and its progeny were present in significant quantities. The gamma spectrum is complicated and this paper describes the difficulties in confirming that the spectrum only contained the Pa-231 decay chain. The vast majority of the contaminated ducting was successfully consigned as asbestos, rather than radioactive, waste. The other problem was dealing with the soft waste produced during the dismantling process. This was monitored using simple equipment and it was possible to demonstrate that it could be disposed of with the rest of the waste under the relevant UK legislation.

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Clark, Robert, Pete Burgess, and Ian Croudace. "Measurement of Plutonium Contamination Through Paint Using a Fidler Probe." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59250.

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Alpha contamination detection usually relies on good surface conditions — unobstructed, smooth, clean and flat. However, in many circumstances, the conditions may be difficult, or it may be that there is a significant chance that contamination has been deliberately or accidentally painted over. Hence an alternative method of monitoring would be useful. In some areas of fuel manufacture and reprocessing, and in weapons manufacture, potential contamination is dominated by plutonium isotopes and by ingrown Am-241, derived from the beta decay of Pu-241. Plutonium is often thought of as a mainly an alpha emitter, together with a few weak betas detectable by direct means only with extreme difficulty. However, the alpha emitting isotopes of plutonium also emit significant L x-rays in the 11 to 20 keV energy range, as does Am-241, which also emits a 60 keV gamma with a 36% probability. These X-rays are unattenuated to any extent in air over a range of 1 metre. They also penetrate paint significantly, which makes them detectable by a suitable probe. The Fidler probe was designed as an efficient detector of these X and gamma radiations. The window is thin beryllium and the scintillator is thin sodium iodide. This leads to a very efficient detection of both the X-rays in question and the 60 keV gamma radiation while keeping the background as low as possible. The signal from such a detector can be processed in several ways — gross counting above a threshold, counting in regions of interest or full spectrometry. The advantages of the latter include the minimisation of background, easy background correction, the ability to use the recorded X-ray spectrum to correct the measured counts and the identification of the presence of other gamma emitters. Nuvia Ltd have been developing techniques to look at the spectrum from Fidler probes and derive a calibration factor, either from using the 60 keV gamma measurement only where the fingerprint is well known and stable, or by using samples of paint and small area sources to actually measure the transmission factor where the Am-241 fraction is variable. Using these techniques, it is possible to obtain a good estimate of the plutonium contamination level under paint over a range of conditions.

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Kim, Hee Reyoung, Wanno Lee, Kun Ho Chung, Mun Ja Kang, Dong Gyu Lee, Geun Sik Choi, and Chang Woo Lee. "The Radioactivity Analysis of 14C in the Graphite Samples From the Dismantled KRR-1&2 Sites by a High Temperature Furnace and a LSC." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7145.

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The radioactivity of 14C of the graphite samples from the dismantled Korea Research Reactor 1&2 (the KRR-1&2) site was analyzed and proposed to be disposed of as a low level radioactive waste rather than self-disposed of. The graphite wastes, with a weight of seven tons, have been generated during the dismantling of a research reactor with a capacity of one MW from 1995 to 2006. The graphite was used as a moderator for the research reactor and so has been radioactivated by thermal neutron. It was thought that the graphite wastes mainly included a radioisotope of stable carbon, 14C, a pure beta emitter with a half life of 5,730 years and with a maximum decay energy of 156 keV. Therefore, it has been requested to see whether the dismantled graphite radioactive wastes including 14C can be self-disposed of or not. In the present study, the radioactivity of 14C in the graphite sample used in the research reactor was analyzed by using a commercialized high temperature furnace and a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). The combustion temperature of the furnace was five hundred degrees centigrade and especially the temperature in the catalyst region was eight hundred degrees centigrade. The recovery from the furnace was 95% for 14C and the LSC had a quenching efficiency of approximately 66%. Carbosorb was used as a trapping solution for 14C. The radioactivity of 14C was measured by a LSC through the procedure of a pre-treatment such as the combustion of a sample in the temperature range of 500–800 degrees centigrade by a high temperature furnace, trapping of 14C into carbosorb and cocktailing it with a scintillator. The radioactivity was analyzed to have a concentration with a value of much more than a domestic legal limit for a self-disposal. And an individual effective dose rate estimation was also carried out. Finally, it is suggested that the graphite wastes from the dismantled research reactor should be disposed of at a low level radioactive waste disposal site and monitored.

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