Journal articles on the topic 'Low rise high density houses'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Low rise high density houses.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Low rise high density houses.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kryzhantovska, O. A., T. S. Rumilec, and T. T. Morozova. "HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE FORMATION OF HIGH-DENSITY LOW-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING." Regional problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 14 (December 29, 2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-403x-2020-14-136-142.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses key issues related to the historical prerequisites for the formation of a high-density low-rise residential development. This is a complex and long process, the stages of which took place at different times and in different countries of the world. Today, such a building is very promising for modern rapidly growing cities, so it is important to track the history of its formation and the features of such planning decisions at different times. Such architecture can become a new vector in the development of modern cities, because low-rise residential buildings are much more comfortable than high-rise buildings. The article gives examples of low-rise city houses in different histories and in different countries. The aim of this work is to review the historical background of the formation of modern high-density low-rise buildings. The following historical examples of low-rise high-density buildings are considered: early single-family residential buildings of the ancient settlements of Mesopotamia and Egypt, residential buildings in Ancient Greece and Rome, blocked residential buildings for workers in the 19th century. In the UK, townhouses of the 1920s and 30s. In the USA, etc. The article shows the planning decisions and the appearance of low-rise high-density residential buildings. The main features of such houses are quarterly development, large-scale man, blocked development and the presence of a small house area.
2
Sano, Satoshi, Ivan Filipović, and Darko Radović. "Public-private interaction in low-rise, high-density Tokyo. A morphological and functional study of contemporary residential row-houses." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 2 (April 30, 2020): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i2.1285.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this paper is liveable, low-rise high-density urban morphologies of residential architecture and urban planning practices in Tokyo. Over the last several decades, historically established qualities in cities worldwide are increasingly sacrificed in favour of globalization–led ‘universal’ typologies. Tokyo is not an exception: it is gradually changing to a high-rise, high-density built city environment. From a morphological point of view, the paper demonstrates bioclimatic and cultural disadvantages of such developmental paradigm shift in Tokyo. Presented case studies elaborate upon the ways in which low-rise high-density environments and subsequent urban forms better facilitate human interaction and, consequently, can aid in reducing social isolation and contribute to mental well-being. Presented case studies, observed over the period of six years depict how residential environments created by row-houses can be seen as a collection of adjoining private spaces. The emphasis is on the interconnected set of phenomena: low-rise high-density morphologies, climate-responsive semi-exterior spaces, facilitating human and public-private interaction. The conducted morphological and functional analysis shows how design requirements of bioclimatic responsive semi-exterior space fully coincide with those of desirable public-private interface and human interaction. However, site-specific constraints critically affect spatial configurations of low-rise high-density developments in contemporary Tokyo, emphasizing the requirement for case-by-case attention in design and management of such places. Only design processes conscious of spatial management aware of the potential embedded in the design process can enhance socio-cultural interplay and bioclimatic performance.
3
Theisler, Katalin K. "Low-Rise, High-Density Housing, as a Way of Sustainability in Hungary." Open House International 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2015-b0008.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses the position of low rise, high density housing in Hungary on a theoretical level, from the conceptional point of view. The purpose is that the dissemination and popularization of the housing type would be beneficial to the society. Before and after World War Two different nature of this housing type was present in the country, but after the regime change in 1989 the continuity has been lost. This paper aims to support the above assumptions - discussing the benefits of the installaton type in the light of global and local issues, and search of the housing type’s local positions. The actuality of housing issue is relevant because of the planning of 2014-2020 housing program, the fall of yearly built houses, the imbalance of housing allocation and the urgent questions of global problems. The paper’s method is threefold (1) discusses the potential of the housing type in correlation with the three pillars of sustainability, (2) analyses past examples from three different periods of the past century and (3) searches its position according to actual social changes and suggests strategic objectives for the future use of low rise, high density housing in the country.
4
Smilevska, Sinolichka. "Housing in an Example of Low - Rise Residential Structure in Debar Maalo, Skopje." South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2019 (March 12, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/seejad.2019.10045.
Full textAbstract:
From city quarter with urban villas, yard houses and pittoresque ambient values, Debar Maalo in Skopje in recent time, is turning into a construction site of the intense rise of the building mass and filling in on every potential void, where the typology of multifamily residential buildings is dominant.
But, can it be different? The marginalized forms of single-family housing, once a dominant lifestyle in Debar Maalo, single family yard houses, houses with ground contact are the remains of a passed image of this city quarter that should be the referent milieu of this research. This typology of a low-rise residential structure, should represent the renovation tactics of the the single-family dwelling in this part of the city of Skopje. The creation process of the new urban landscape of housing with characteristics of a dense and low-rise structure will be through the forward two stages: analysis and design. The location of interest will be analysed through architectural project of a housing block with the typology of a low-rise housing structure that should provide high urban density of 120 houses per hectare. The suggested typology of the housing structure should provide housing that will meet the new lifestyles and will achieve diversity of the houses according to their size, structure, and comfort.
This thesis should refer to the idea of rethinking and reminiscing on the elementary architectural city image, low rise housing structure typology as a building type at the level of the morphology of the city of Skopje.
5
Harreither, C., J. Gengler, and T. Bednar. "Comparison of indoor moisture excess in three different terraced housing projects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study three neighbourhoods of terraced houses have been investigated. In 16 to 29 houses of each project, indoor temperature and indoor humidity have been measured, inhabitants have been interviewed and Blower-Door Tests have been performed. PSG is a project with 91 similar, very airtight detached houses. More than 29 of these houses have been investigated. TES is a low-rise high-density project with 46 single family houses built in 1974. The measuring results of 20 houses with very poor airtightness have been analysed. APW is a project with 26 terraced houses built in 2012, which have mechanical ventilation systems. From APW 16 houses have participated in the study. It will be illustrated that the airtight houses of PSG have the highest absolute indoor humidity, the TES houses with the poor airtightness have medium absolute indoor humidity and the APW with the mechanical ventilation systems have the lowest absolute indoor humidity. Box plots of the moisture excess in the diagram with the humidity classes from EN ISO 13788 [1] show that the boxes do not overlap.
6
Zaman, Quazi M. Mahtab-Uz, and Richard Laing. "Sustainable Approach to Regenerating Residential Form and Density: Case in Dhaka." Urban Studies Research 2013 (November 5, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/783792.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents principles and praxis of sustainable approach to maintaining targeted “residential regeneration by density” yet achieving innovations in urban form in a contextual scenario of Dhaka City, the capital of Bangladesh. It is evident from the context that Dhaka is experiencing a dramatic transformation in residential density due to demographic changes during the past two decades due the concentration of social, administrative, institutional, recreational, small-scale industries, and associated housing facilities. The transformation is visible in residential built footprint, significantly due to the demand-driven and density-led market, originated from low rise and low density and transforming to high density high rise. This transformation has been consistently threatening social and environmental realm indicated by depletion of garden houses; reduction of public parks; shrinking walkways; deletion of setback for ventilation and sun shade from trees; slowing down mobility; and obstruction of physical and visual permeability. The paper discussed a pragmatic approach that professionals have adopted to control the density and to introduce scopes for innovative urban forms by way of applying floor area ratio (FAR) methods and further discusses the merits of the methodological process of exercising morphology with a set of new building rules without undermining the market demand.
7
Van, Ha Thi Khanh, Tran Vinh Ha, Takumi Asada, and Mikiharu Arimura. "Vacancy Dwellings Spatial Distribution—The Determinants and Policy Implications in the City of Sapporo, Japan." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912427.
Full textAbstract:
As the population is shrinking in many municipalities in Japan, one of its effects is the vacant house crisis. The rise of empty houses profoundly affects the city’s society and economy, e.g., property value reduction, increased crime rate, poor sanitation, and housing market stagnation. To better understand the mechanism of the vacant house crisis, the present study proposes to examine the determinants of housing vacancy spatial distribution with the case study of the city of Sapporo. The results highlight the severe vacant cluster in the central city, which would seem to link to the disequilibrium housing market rather than the urban decline. Regarding vacancy determinants, demographic features were the most influential factors, followed by housing and neighborhood characteristics. Specifically, the vacancy correlated strongly with a high density of single households, children, the elderly (in the center), and a high share of offices. The surplus in housing supply and the inelasticity in housing structures also affected the vacancy significantly. On the contrary, a high percentage of private property, household ownership, and the elderly (in suburban) would reduce the vacancy. For other facilities, clinics, parking, public transportation, and educational institutions had a medium effect on the vacancy. Finally, the influence factors varied, across city areas, in magnitude and direction. These outcomes would be helpful for decision-making to alleviate the rise of vacant houses and their effect on the urban area.
8
Marchelinus, Marchelinus, and Timmy Setiawan. "KEBUTUHAN SISTEM MODULAR PADA BANGUNAN HIGH DENSITY." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 4, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 2315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v4i2.22150.
Full textAbstract:
The population density in big cities like Jakarta always increases every year. If this continues, the need for housing will be increasingly challenging to meet. Dukuh Atas is the sub-district with the highest proportion of slums and dense settlements in DKI Jakarta. The Dukuh Atas area is located between the Jakarta business triangle area, which is traversed by three modes of transportation, and there are residential areas that have the potential to become a place for various community functions and activities to meet. According to the DKI Jakarta Spatial Planning (RTRW), the Dukuh Atas area is directed to become a Transit Oriented Development (TOD) area. However, the application of the TOD concept in the Dukuh Atas area is still not optimal because low-intensity settlement functions still dominate it. Vertical housing is one solution to the problem of density and housing needs in big cities, but vertical housing (rusunawa) in the Dukuh Atas area is still not optimal. In addition to lighting and ventilation, the type that does not vary and its massive shape causes residents who are already married to be forced to live in dwellings with a limited area and not following their needs. Therefore, this research will investigate how the architectural program can provide flexible housing for the community to be comfortable and livable. The urban acupuncture approach can increase productivity in empowering residents of sustainable settlements and is expected to become a residence with positive synergy. Keywords: Flexibility; Urban Acupuncture; Vertical Residential Houses Abstrak Kepadatan penduduk di kota besar seperti Jakarta selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Dimana jika hal ini terus berlanjut maka kebutuhan tempat tinggal akan semakin sulit terpenuhi. Dukuh Atas merupakan kecamatan dengan proporsi pemukiman kumuh dan padat tertinggi di DKI Jakarta. Kawasan Dukuh Atas berada diantara kawasan segitiga bisnis Jakarta yang dilalui oleh tiga moda transportasi dan terdapat hunian yang berpotensi menjadi wadah untuk bertemunya berbagai fungsi dan aktivitas masyarakat. Menurut Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah DKI (RTRW) Jakarta Kawasan Dukuh Atas diarahkan menjadi kawasan Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Namun penerapan konsep TOD di kawasan Dukuh Atas masih belum optimal karena masih didominasi oleh fungsi permukiman dengan intensitas rendah. Hunian vertikal merupakan salah satu solusi dari masalah kepadatan dan kebutuhan hunian di kota besar, tetapi perumahan vertikal (rusunawa) yang ada di Kawasan Dukuh Atas masih belum optimal. Selain penerangan dan ventilasi, tipe yang tidak bervariasi dan bentuknya yang masif menyebabkan penghuni yang sudah berkeluarga terpaksa tinggal di hunian dengan luas yang terbatas dan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Oleh karena itu, riset ini akan menginvestigasi bagaimana program arsitektur mampu menyediakan tempat tinggal yang fleksibel bagi masyarakat sehingga nyaman dan layak untuk dihuni. Dengan pendekatan urban acupuncture dapat meningkatan produktivitas dalam pemberdayaan penghuni permukiman yang berkelanjutan dan diharapkan dapat menjadi hunian yang bersinergi positif.
9
Otaegi, Jorge, Rufino J. Hernández, Xabat Oregi, Alexander Martín-Garín, and Iñigo Rodríguez-Vidal. "Comparative Analysis of the Effect of the Evolution of Energy Saving Regulations on the Indoor Summer Comfort of Five Homes on the Coast of the Basque Country." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071047.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decade, several European directives have been established to contribute to the 2020, 2030 and 2050 energy saving targets and impose energy efficiency requirements for new construction, existing buildings and building renovation operations. One of the ways to achieve said objectives is to rely on the most demanding energy efficiency labels existing in Europe, such as Passivhaus, and to implement similar concepts into the national energy regulations of European countries based on a high-performance thermal envelope (high insulation and high-performance windows), high airtightness and high-performance heat-recovery ventilation systems, and solar heat harvesting. This energy conservation concept has shown to be effective for houses with low-density occupation in cold climates, but may cause severe overheating problems in denser collective housing in temperate and hot climates with higher solar radiation. To assess this impact, five flats in three developments from different periods that range from no insulation at all to a nZEB, Passivhaus-certified high-rise are compared in this paper, using data from a monitoring campaign during the summer of 2020. The results show and quantify the strong impact the evolution of the energy saving regulatory trend has had on summer indoor comfort, which may in some cases lead to previously unnecessary air conditioning for cooling and, ultimately, be counterproductive towards the end goals of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse-effect gas emissions and mitigating climate change.
10
Jampole, Ezra, Gregory Deierlein, Eduardo Miranda, Benjamin Fell, Scott Swensen, and Cristian Acevedo. "Full-Scale Dynamic Testing of a Sliding Seismically Isolated Unibody House." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 4 (November 2016): 2245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/010616eqs003m.
Full textAbstract:
Shaking table tests were conducted on a new low cost sliding seismic isolation system aimed at significantly improving the seismic performance of low-rise lightweight residential construction. A two-story, full-scale seismically isolated wood frame house was tested dynamically under multiple ground motions on a shake table. Two different sliding isolation bearings were evaluated, one with flat and another with concave sliding surfaces, both with high-density polyethylene sliders on galvanized steel surfaces with a coefficient of friction of approximately 0.18. Each isolation system was subjected to seven severe recorded earthquake ground motions, which produced peak isolator displacements of up to 41 cm. The maximum induced inertial shear force on the superstructure was on the order of 0.4 g, yet the house remained practically damage-free with story drift ratios less than 0.1%. The study successfully (1) provides a proof-of-concept for design, construction, and behavior of a light-frame house with low-cost high friction sliding seismic isolation, (2) confirms several design assumptions regarding isolation behavior and maximum isolation displacement, and (3) provides data to validate computational models and develop design guidelines for the isolated superstructure.
11
Saito, Kazuo, Noboru Iwata, Toshiyuki Hosokawa, and Gen Ohi. "Housing Factors and Perceived Health Status among Japanese Women Living in Aggregated Dwelling Units." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 3 (July 1993): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9bkv-q7q7-jbl9-9fcg.
Full textAbstract:
An epidemiologic survey was conducted of the 818 households in a community consisting of aggregated dwelling units in Tokyo, Japan, in order to assess the relationship between housing environment and psychological or physical health status of the female residents. Psychological health status was assessed by the 28-item General Health Questionnaire in Japanese translation. Main housing factors such as internal density (person-to-room ratio) and floor level (vertical location) of the dwelling unit did not have significant effects on the psychological health status of the sample of Japanese women, but the internal density generally did not exceed 1.5 persons per room. However, physical health status might be associated with floor level: women living at the highest levels complained of more symptoms than did those at lower floor levels, when the type of dwelling unit (i.e., high-rise, low or medium height building) was not taken into account. Poor psychological health status was found among women who were dissatisfied with the plan of their house or with the room arrangement, were anxious about earthquake or other accidents, perceived the house as inadequate for the children, were annoyed by indoor noise, and complained of outdoor noise.
12
Puy-Alquiza, María Jesús, Velia Yolanda Ordaz-Zubia, Omar Cruces-Cervantes, Antonio Bello-Sandoval, Raúl Miranda-Avilés, Ma del Carmen Salazar-Hernández, Gilberto Carreño-Aguilera, Gabriela A. Zanor, and Yanmei Li. "Comparative study of pre-Hispanic and colonial adobes in Mexico. Preliminary inferences on the effects of the granulometric distribution and used recycled materials in the state conservation of earth architecture." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 74, no. 3 (December 13, 2022): A010422. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2022v74n3a010422.
Full textAbstract:
The characterization of the pre-Hispanic and colonial adobes used in the construction of buildings in Mexico was carried out to know the differences between their processes and manufactures. The eight samples obtained correspond to adobe blocks 0.45 m long x 0.35 m wide and 0.12 m thick, which were part of the interiors of houses, the structure of fences, and hacienda galleys. These samples were investigated using X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques to determine the morphometry of the material and its chemical and mineralogical composition. Likewise, some analyzes were performed to determine their mechanical properties (simple compressive strength), physical properties (granulometry, solid density, cohesion, plasticity index, porosity, and moisture content), and biological (organic matter content). The results obtained in terms of the granulometric distribution indicate that pre-Hispanic adobe has a higher content of sand than silt-clay and gravel, while the colonial adobes present a low or null content of gravel with a higher content of silt-clays. Regarding the organic matter content, the colonial adobe presents the highest percentages compared to those of the pre-Hispanic adobes. Taking into account the above the pre-Hispanic adobes have better resistance and durability than colonial adobes due to their granulometric distribution, low organic matter content, good cohesion, high plasticity index, and the use of materials found in their natural environment, while the colonial used recycled materials, coming from the economic activity to which the hacienda was dedicated, for example, agriculture, mining, livestock, this has given rise to different manufacturing techniques and construction styles that reflect the state of conservation of buildings throughout the pre-Hispanic and colonial times. The granulometric distribution that pre-Hispanic adobe provides favorable physical and mechanical qualities for any construction technique, so it is recommended to use this formula to manufacture resistant and durable adobe.
13
Chikanya, Enica, Margaret Macherera, and Auther Maviza. "An assessment of risk factors for contracting rabies among dog bite cases recorded in Ward 30, Murewa district, Zimbabwe." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): e0009305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009305.
Full textAbstract:
Background Zoonoses are a major threat to human health. Worldwide, rabies is responsible for approximately 59 000 deaths annually. In Zimbabwe, rabies is one of the top 5 priority diseases and it is notifiable. It is estimated that rabies causes 410 human deaths per year in the country. Murewa district recorded 938 dog bite cases and 4suspected rabies deaths between January 2017 and July 2018, overshooting the threshold of zero rabies cases. Of the 938dog bite cases reported in the district, 263 were reported in Ward 30 and these included all the 4suspected rabies deaths reported in the district. This necessitated a study to assess risk factors for contracting rabies in Ward 30, Murewa. Methodology/ Principal findings A descriptive cross sectional survey was used for a retrospective analysis of a group of dog bite cases reported at Murewa Hospital, in Ward 30. Purposive sampling was used to select dog bite cases and snowball sampling was used to locate unvaccinated dogs and areas with jackal presence. The dog bite cases and relatives of rabies cases were interviewed using a piloted interviewer-administered questionnaire. Geographical Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of dog bite cases, vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs and jackal presence were collected using handheld GPS device. QGIS software was used to spatially analyse and map them. Dog owners were 10 times more likely to contract rabies compared to non-dog owners (RR = 10, 95% CI 1.06–93.7). Owners of unvaccinated dogs were 5 times more likely to contract rabies compared to owners of vaccinated dogs (RR = 5.01, 95% CI 0.53–47.31). Residents of the high density cluster (area with low cost houses and stand size of 300 square meters and below) were 64 times more likely to contract rabies compared to non-high density cluster residents (RR = 64.87, 95% CI 3.6039–1167.82). Participants who were not knowledgeable were 0.07 times more likely to contract rabies, compared to those who had knowledge about rabies. (RR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.004–1.25). Our study shows that the risk factors for contacting rabies included; low knowledge levels regarding rabies, dog ownership residing in the high density cluster, owning unvaccinated dogs and spatial overlap of jackal presence with unvaccinated dogs.
14
Koh, Benjamin KW, Lee Ching Ng, Yuske Kita, Choon Siang Tang, Li Wei Ang, Kit Yin Wong, Lyn James, and Kee Tai Goh. "The 2005 Dengue Epidemic in Singapore: Epidemiology, Prevention and Control." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 7 (July 15, 2008): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n7p538.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: We investigated the 2005 outbreak of dengue fever (DF)/dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) to determine its epidemiological, virological and entomological features to further understand the unprecedented resurgence. Materials and Methods: All physician-diagnosed, laboratory-confirmed cases of DF/DHF notified to the Ministry of Health, Singapore during the outbreak as well as entomological and virological data were analysed retrospectively. Results: A total of 14,006 cases of DF/DHF comprising 13,625 cases of DF and 381 cases of DHF, including 27 deaths were reported, giving an incidence rate of 322.6 per 100,000 and a case-fatality rate of 0.19%. The median age of the cases and deaths were 32 and 59.5 years, respectively. The incidence rate of those living in compound houses was more than twice that of residents living in public and private apartments. The distribution of DF/DHF cases was more closely associated with Aedes aegypti compared to Aedes albopictus breeding sites and the overall Aedes premises index was 1.15% (2.28% in compound houses and 0.33% to 0.8% in public and private apartments). The predominant dengue serotype was DEN-1. A significant correlation between weekly mean temperature and cases was noted. The correlation was strongest when the increase in temperature preceded rise in cases by a period of 18 weeks. Conclusion: The resurgence occurred in a highly densely populated city-state in the presence of low Aedes mosquito population. Factors contributing to this resurgence included lower herd immunity and change in dominant dengue serotype from DEN-2 to DEN-1. There was no evidence from gene sequencing of the dengue viruses that the epidemic was precipitated by the introduction of a new virulent strain. The current epidemiological situation is highly conducive to periodic dengue resurgences. A high degree of vigilance and active community participation in source reduction should be maintained. Key words: Dengue haemorrhagic fever, Dengue fever, Outbreak
15
Rodríguez Espejel, Karina, José de Jesús Pérez Bueno, Coraquetzali Magdaleno López, Maria Luisa Mendoza López, Marcos Algara Siller, José Luis Reyes Araiza, Alejandro Manzano-Ramírez, and Jorge Morales Hernández. "Geopolymeric Composite Materials Made of Sol-Gel Silica and Agroindustrial Wastes of Rice, Barley, and Coffee Husks with Wood-Like Finishing." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416689.
Full textAbstract:
Geopolymers have been mainly utilized as structural materials; their chemical structure and morphologies have been explored for their potential as a high-performance material in emerging applications. Geopolymer composites reinforced with materials based on agro-waste are attracting interest in engineering applications due to their easy processing, low cost, low density, and high strength-to-weight ratio. This investigation pursues an experimental methodology that consists of a scheme to make composites with a geopolymer matrix and agro-waste (rice husk, barley, and coffee) as aggregate material, that can be applied in various fields of construction. The study was intended to determine the influence of adding various agro-wastes on the mechanical properties of the geopolymer. According to the respective ASTM standards, the materials obtained were prepared and analyzed to determine their compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-determined characteristics. The results revealed that, for the compression tests, the composites formed by a sol-gel matrix and barley husk showed a better yield, obtaining the highest value of 3.5 N/mm2. Concerning hardness testing, the composites with a geopolymer matrix and coffee husks obtained higher values compared to the other composites. For the flexural tests, the compounds with the sol-gel/fly ash matrix obtained the highest yield stress value, which was 5.25 MPa with an elastic modulus of 7.59 GPa. The results of the microstructural analysis showed good husk-matrix interaction, together with failure mechanisms. The conformation of such waste-based compounds may enable them to replace natural wood in some applications, such as in the finishing of interiors of homes, during the final stages in the construction of buildings, or in the decoration of inhabited houses, as well as in finishing in the manufacture of furniture.
16
Prabhakar, Subhashini, Sruthi Suravarapu, Dilip Mathai, Shivaiah Renangi, and Sairam Challa. "Risk Factors for Stroke in Rural Population of Telangana State of India, an Unmatched Case Control Study." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 11, no. 03 (July 2020): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713291.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context Stroke tops the list of causes for acquired disability among adults and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence from developed countries indicate significant decline in stroke incidence and mortality, attributable to prevention of risk factors in general population. There is limited evidence on risk factors for stroke in rural India. Aims This study aims to ascertain the risk factors for stroke in rural Telangana and provide a guide to health care providers in adopting treatment and prevention strategies. Settings and Design The study was conducted in the Moinabad mandal of Ranga Reddy District, Telangana state of India. This is a population based unmatched case–control study. Methods and Materials All the houses of Moinabad were approached by a door-to-door survey to identify cases. A total of 288 persons were enrolled in the study which included 144 cases and 144 controls. Statistical Analysis To derive age and gender adjusted odds ratios of various risk factors, binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results The estimated crude prevalence of stroke in Moinabad mandal is 257 per lakh population. Modifiable risk factors identified were, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central obesity as measured by waist circumference. Nonmodifiable risk factors identified were male gender and higher age group. Conclusion The high prevalence of stroke in rural Telangana makes it an important public health challenge for the state. The identified risk factors need to be addressed at population level.
17
Chen, Shuo, Simin Yang, Wensheng Mo, Bart J. Dewancker, Jing Mao, and Jie Chen. "Study on Thermal Storage Wall Heating System of Traditional Houses in Cold Climate Zone of China: A Case Study in Southern Shaanxi." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122049.
Full textAbstract:
Solar energy has the advantages of being green, renewable, and energy-efficient. The use of solar energy in buildings can result in significant energy savings, and a great deal of practical and theoretical research has been conducted on solar buildings around the world. Southern Shaanxi belongs to a climate zone with hot summers and cold winters (HSCW). The mean room temperature is 4 °C, and it is lower than 2 °C at night, which greatly exceeds the thermal comfort range that the human body can bear. Aiming at a range of challenges including backward heating methods and low heating efficiency in southern Shaanxi, a fully passive thermal storage wall heating system (TSWHS) is proposed for traditional houses in the area. The specific method is to set up a thermal storage wall (TSW) outside the outer walls on the east, west, and south sides of the residential buildings. The wall is provided with an air exchange port, and there is no glass in the outer area of the doors and windows, which does not affect the normal application. The principle is that after the TSW receives solar radiation, the temperature of the internal HDPE (high-density polyethylene) and the air inside the cavity rises, which raises the interior temperature via the heat transfer and the air exchange port inside the TSW. The hot air inside the thermal wall achieves the purpose of heating. Lastly, through a comparison with the original heating system (OHS), it is confirmed that the TSWHS has certain practicability. According to an experimental simulation, the system can increase the indoor temperature by an average of 5.1 °C in winter and save about 1726.43 kWh of energy, accounting for 27.24% of the energy saving.
18
Telle, Olivier, Birgit Nikolay, Vikram Kumar, Samuel Benkimoun, Rupali Pal, BN Nagpal, and Richard E. Paul. "Social and environmental risk factors for dengue in Delhi city: A retrospective study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e0009024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009024.
Full textAbstract:
Global urbanization is leading to an inexorable spread of several major diseases that need to be stemmed. Dengue is one of these major diseases spreading in cities today, with its principal mosquito vector superbly adapted to the urban environment. Current mosquito control strategies are proving inadequate, especially in the face of such urbanisation and novel, evidence-based targeted approaches are needed. Through combined epidemiological and entomological approaches, we aimed to identify a novel sanitation strategy to alleviate the burden of dengue through how the dengue virus spreads through the community. We combined surveillance case mapping, prospective serological studies, year-round mosquito surveys, socio-economic and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices surveys across Delhi. We identified lack of access to tap water (≤98%) as an important risk factor for dengue virus IgG sero-positivity (adjusted Odds Ratio 4.69, 95% C.I. 2.06–10.67) and not poverty per se. Wealthier districts had a higher dengue burden despite lower mosquito densities than the Intermediary income communities (adjusted Odds Ratio 2.92, 95% C.I. 1.26–6.72). This probably reflects dengue being introduced by people travelling from poorer areas to work in wealthier houses. These poorer, high density areas, where temperatures are also warmer, also had dengue cases during the winter. Control strategies based on improved access to a reliable supply of tap water plus focal intervention in intra-urban heat islands prior to the dengue season could not only lead to a reduction in mosquito abundance but also eliminate the reservoir of dengue virus clearly circulating at low levels in winter in socio-economically disadvantaged areas.
19
Sadjadi, Alireza, Elham Akbarpour, Masoomeh Alimohammadian, Sahar Masoudi, Reza Ghanbari, Zohreh Rajabi Pour, Faegheh Mohmmad Akbari, et al. "A Population-Based Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Rafsanjan, a Low Gastric Cancer Area in Southeast Iran." Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 14, no. 3 (July 30, 2022): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mejdd.2022.285.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Despite all improvements in sanitation and exposure to antibiotics over time, Helicobacter pylori (HP) prevalence remains high, affecting the lives of about half of the world population, which can gradually lead to serious upper gastrointestinal disorders. Understanding HP’s epidemiologic patterns help us to better manage the burden of this infection and to plan more effectively regarding potential screening or eradication strategies. We, therefore, aimed to report the crude and age- and sex-standardized prevalence rate of HP infection, its trend, and possible associated factors among asymptomatic healthy individuals in Rafsanjan city, a low-incidence area of gastric cancer (GC) in the southeast of Iran, from July 2018 to December 2021. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional descriptive study included 2,046 male and female subjects between 3 to 72 years who were in good health condition. Study participants were randomly selected from the Health Houses and each underwent a questionnaire-based interview and provided blood and feces samples. The presence of HP infection was detected by serum IgG antibodies and stool antigen test. Results: The overall and age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates of HP infection were 50.9% and 43%, respectively. The prevalence rate has notably decreased in all age groups compared with 2007. Also, it was significantly higher among men (P=0.033) and increased with advancing age (P<0.001). A higher population density living in a specific room area (P=0.012) increased the likelihood of HP infection. Conclusion: To conclude, the prevalence of HP infection is decreasing over time in Rafsanjan city, which may be due to improvements in living standards in this area. A healthy lifestyle and adherence to hygienic principles, especially during childhood, may be required for a reduction in the prevalence of HP infection.
20
Lai, Yonghang, Ian A. Ridley, and Peter Brimblecombe. "Air Change in Low and High-Rise Apartments." Urban Science 4, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4020025.
Full textAbstract:
Air exchange in tall apartment buildings is critical in controlling indoor environments in urban settings. Airtightness is relevant to energy efficiency, thermal comfort and air quality experienced by urban dwellers who spend much of their time indoors. While many air change measurements have been made in residential homes, fewer are available for high-rise apartments. The blower-door and CO2 exchange methods were used to measure air change in some Hong Kong apartment buildings, for comparison with those from other parts of the world. Hong Kong apartments are often small and typical rented apartments show a median of seven air changes per hour under a 50 Pa pressure difference, similar to Mediterranean houses, though much greater than the airtight buildings of Northern Europe. Extrapolation of blower-door measurements made at 50 Pa to the natural pressure difference measured for individual Hong Kong apartments provides an approximation (within 8%) of the natural air change rate measured with a tracer. Air flow is a function of the pressure difference ∆Pnf and the exponent n was found close to the typical 0.6. There was a positive relationship between air permeability and construction age, but some of this also seems to reflect varying levels of maintenance by the building management companies. The median exchange in the apartments under naturally ventilated conditions was 0.26 h−1, not atypical of some houses on the US West Coast.
21
Afanasyev, Alexandr A., and Grigory Alexandrovich Afanasyev. "Modern Technologies of Low-Rise Construction." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-2-148-155.
Full textAbstract:
Technologies of construction ofLow-rise buildings of various design schemes are considered.
Particular attention is paid to the technologies of erecting blocked houses (townhouses), cottages and other low-rise buildings.
As a basis of technologies, new design solutions and mechanization means are adopted, which ensure a reduction in the duration of work and material consumption in the construction of low-rise buildings. Thus, the article shows that the transition from tape foundations to foundation slabs reduces the duration of work on the foundation in 2,5-3,0 times.
The technological features of the erection of the blocked houses of the wall system and the prefabricated monolithic system are considered. It is shown that irrespective of the constructive scheme, the external walls according to thermotechnical indices are made of gas silicate blocks with a density of D 350-400 and a thickness of 450 mm, which makes it possible to reduce the work complexity in 2,0-2,5 times compared to a brick or three-layer masonry. It is shown that the use of gas silicate blocks allows the construction of buildings up to three floors in various climatic zones.
It is shown that an increase in the production of gas silicate blocks is associated with the economic benefit of their use. In addition, the statistics on heat consumption in townhouses testify to the use of gas-silicate blocks, which are twicelower than city-wide ones, and thelabor intensity of the gas-silicate blocks is five times lower than the brickwork and cheaper by 15-20%.
22
McNulty, Paul, and Andrew MacLaran. "High-density, low-rise housing in Inner Dublin." Irish Geography 18, no. 1 (January 1985): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750778509478853.
Full text
23
Hanberry, Brice. "Reclassifying the Wildland–Urban Interface Using Fire Occurrences for the United States." Land 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070225.
Full textAbstract:
The wildland–urban interface (WUI) occurs at the intersection of houses and undeveloped wildlands, where fire is a safety concern for communities, motivating investment in planning, protection, and risk mitigation. Because there is no operational definition of WUI based on where fires in fact have occurred, I used fire occurrences to objectively establish a definition of WUI, while examining spatiotemporal changes, for the conterminous United States. I applied four classifiers, but focused on C5.0, which produced equivalent sensitivity (0.87 to 0.91 at prevalence = 0.67) and generated a ruleset that indicated housing density was the preferable basis for definitions. Fire occurrences overall were predicted for housing densities <100 houses/km2 with potentially low (≥10%) thresholds for percent vegetation cover, varying by housing densities and models. A generalized guideline according to classifications is continued use of existing definitions for wildlands of <6.17 houses/km2 and a low-density intermix class of 6.17 to 50 houses/km2. Departing from other definitions, the medium-density class encompasses 50 to 100 houses/km2 and the high-density class is 100 to 200 houses/km2. Interface, or suburban, communities are 200 to 400 houses/km2. Implications of refining the definition include a larger critical area classified as greater fire risk (low and medium-density WUI below 100 houses/km2) at 855,000 km2 during 2010, and; therefore, incorporation of more communities and homeowners into a high-risk status. The low-density class had greatest risk of fire exposure, but the medium-density class contained a greater concentration of houses. Classification of the wildland–urban interface or intermix based on realized fire occurrences provides an objective foundation for identifying residential densities at risk of fire exposure, which permits disclosure of risk, prioritization of resources to communities and homeowners with greater wildfire exposure, development of strategies for communities to coexist with fire, and responses to reduce vulnerability.
24
Kitchen, Jennifer, Soroush Moallemi, and Sumit Bhardwaj. "Multi-chip module integration of Hybrid Silicon CMOS and GaN Technologies for RF Transceivers." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, DPC (January 1, 2019): 000339–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2019-dpc-presentation_tp1_010.
Full textAbstract:
Digital transceiver architectures offer the potential for achieving wireless hardware flexibility to frequency and modulation scheme for future-generation communications systems. Additionally, digital transmitters lend themselves to the use of switch-mode power amplifiers, which can have significantly higher efficiency than their linear counterparts. Two proposed architectures for realizing digital transmitters will be described in this work, both of which employ a hybrid combination of silicon integrated circuits (IC) and a power technology (e.g. GaN). This hybrid architecture takes advantage of the silicon to implement the high-complexity signal processing required for wireless communications, and uses power devices with high power density and low parasitic capacitance to sufficiently amplify the RF signals for transmission. Unfortunately, interfacing the low-power RF switching signals with off-chip high-power devices poses numerous design challenges, including: generation of integrated silicon power drivers with sufficient voltage swing for controlling power devices such as GaN, mitigation of on-chip current transients, wideband assembly interface from the silicon IC to the power device, and full system design verification using multiple process technologies. This work presents two CMOS driver architectures that can be used to interface low-power CMOS processing circuits with off-chip high-power devices. This work also details the performance limitations when assembling and interfacing multiple process technologies that are not co-located on the same IC. The main function of the driver circuitry within the digital transceiver system is to interface the low-power digital modulator to a large, high capacitance, off-chip power device. The driver must provide adequate transient current to charge/discharge the off-chip power devices' input capacitance through parasitic routing. Furthermore, the driver is designed to exhibit rise/fall times of less than 5% of the switching period and low jitter to meet RF signal quality requirements. Since silicon process technologies typically have much lower voltage breakdowns than those required to drive a power devie (e.g. GaN device), special driver architectures must be implemented to ensure the CMOS devices never exceed their breakdown voltages. Two architectures were implemented within this work to simultaneously achieve RF switching speeds and 5V signal swing from a 0.9V silicon CMOS process technology. The two architectures are: 1) a House-of-Cards configuration, and 2) a Cascode topology. These architectures will be detailed and compared with respect to performance in this presentation. Two of the most common techniques to assemble and connect a silicon IC, which includes the driver circuitry, and a (GaN) power device are: 1) direct wire bonding or flip-chip connection from the IC to the GaN, and 2) connection through a board or package interface circuit. Since most high-performance RF power devices such as GaN have negative threshold voltage, the driver (CMOS) IC must either: 1) have a supply and ground that are shifted to negative voltage values, or 2) decouple the IC's output from the GaN device's input in order to properly control the GaN. Off-chip decoupling is more easily implemented, but may limit maximum operating frequencies due to the added interface network and board/module parasitics. This work shall detail the interface models and compare the assembly procedures and potential performance limits when using both of these most common assembly techniques.
25
Madhusanka, H. W. N., Wei Pan, and Mohan M. Kumaraswamy. "Constraints to low-carbon building: Perspectives from high-rise high-density cities." Energy and Buildings 275 (November 2022): 112497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112497.
Full text
26
Romanova, Elena. "Increase in Population Density and Aggravation of Social and Psychological Problems in Areas with High-Rise Construction." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303061.
Full textAbstract:
High-rise apartment houses have technical and economic advantages in areas with dense population. Their placement in the central part of the city allows increasing the number of living space in the limited territory, to bring population to the place of employment and reduce pendular migration. But increase in population density leads to psychological problems: level of a stress, fatigue increases, the number of phobias grows, infectious diseases extend quicker. These problems can be solved at resettlement of inhabitants to the suburb. However such decision leads to aggravation of a transport problem and the pulsing increase in population density in the downtown and on its suburb. To solve a transport problem, it is necessary not to increase the square of the cities. Therefore in the suburbs is also used high-rise construction. But high-rise residential districts on the suburb of the city get own social problems which are capable to destroy all advantages of high-rise construction.
27
Hong, Jung-Howan, Hiroshi KATANO, and Tomo INOUE. "A STUDY ON THE PROCESS AND THE BACKGROUND OF HIGH RISE AND HIGH DENSITY OF APARTMENT HOUSES IN KOREA." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 72, no. 618 (2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.72.1_8.
Full text
28
HE, Ping, Tadahisa KATAYAMA, Tetsuo HAYASHI, Jun-ichiro TSUTSUMI, and Masaru NISHIDA. "WIND TUNNEL TESTS ON THE EFFECTS OF A HIGH-RISE BUILDING ON THE WIND PRESSURE OF SURROUNDING LOW-RISE HOUSES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 60, no. 478 (1995): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.60.23_2.
Full text
29
Pratiwi, Rita Dian, Dibyo Pramono, and Junaedi Junaedi. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i1.12636.
Full textAbstract:
This study discusses the dominant socio-economic and environmental risk factors for TB disease. The design of this study was a case-control study with 70 case samples and control with a contribution of n = 1. Variables from this study contacted personal, ventilation of the house, humidity, the temperature of the house, density of the house, kitchen, and family earnings. Multivariate data analysis uses multiple logistic regressions. The study notes that from 140 samples, 47% have basic education, and 30% are farmers. People who had a past of contact with TB cases were ten times more likely to contract TB than those who had no contacted (OR = 10.00; p <0.001). Personalities who live in poorly ventilated homes who have a risk of contracting TB are 2.2 times greater than those who live in homes with standard ventilation (OR = 2.20; p <0.018). The moisture increases the risk of TB by four times the low moisture (OR = 4.00; p = 0.001). Living in a house with a higher temperature of TB is 3.8 times higher than a lower temperature (OR = 3.80; p = 0.009). Living in a high population density of the house improves TB five times more than living in a lesser home (OR = 5.00; p <0.001). Kitchen gas enhances the risk of TB 2.5 times greater than gasless (OR = 2.50; p = 0.007). Low family earnings raise the risk of TB three times greater than high family earnings (OR = 3.00; p = 0.002). A past of contact, poorly ventilated homes, high humidity, hothouse temperature, population density, kitchen gas, and low family earnings, are risk factors for TB in Wonosobo, Central Java.
30
Yoon, Young Keun, Kyung Won Kim, and Young Jun Chong. "Site Prediction Model for the over Rooftop Path in a Suburban Environment at Millimeter Wave." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1371498.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes the site-specific pathloss model for a small town in a suburban environment at millimeter wave. Also, the site general characteristics are provided in the entire measurement area of the small town. The proposed pathloss model is based on the moving measurement campaign according to the distance between a transmitter and a receiver in the candidate millimeter wave band or future five-generation service. In addition, the probability characteristics of pathloss such as the cumulative density function are shown to estimate the spreading characteristics of the wideband signal with a five-hundred-MHz bandwidth. Measurement was performed for the small town in a suburban covered with low-rise commercial restaurants or houses. Transmitting signals propagate through the over rooftop of low-rise houses of average ten meters height. Their multipath signals may be arrived at a receiving station located at the below roof of the house by reflection, diffraction, and scattered mechanism. A current propagation model for the over rooftop is based on generic or geometrical optic equations in a fully non-line-of-sight environment. But, non-line-of-sight cases in a realistic suburban environment include partly the open space between houses. Therefore, the definition of the propagation model of this sight-specific case is very important so clearly as to show the difference for the over rooftop according to the different displacements of houses in a non-line-of-sight environment. Finally, we suggest the improved propagation model of pathloss that can reflect various environments in a small town.
31
Kolokotroni, Maria, Emmanuel Shittu, Thiago Santos, Lukasz Ramowski, Adeline Mollard, Kirkland Rowe, Earle Wilson, João Pereira de Brito Filho, and Divine Novieto. "Cool roofs: High tech low cost solution for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in low rise low income houses in high solar radiation countries." Energy and Buildings 176 (October 2018): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.07.005.
Full text
32
V., Didyk. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-STOREY HOUSING IN THE LATE 1950s IN LVIV." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 2, no. 2 (November 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2020.02.076.
Full textAbstract:
In 1957-1960, the mass construction of one-story attics and two-story buildings began to solve the problem of providing housing for workers of newly established enterprises. Lviv architects on a competitive basis designed a number of projects, on the basis of which the State Construction Committee of the UkrSSR proposed to the Lviv branch of Dipromist on their basis to develop a unified series of projects of typical one-and two-storey buildings. 136 hectares of land were allocated for housing construction, on which, according to the city master plan, low-rise buildings are planned. It was planned to build houses and separate groups on undeveloped sites in the old residential areas where there were already utilities. New housing construction with a high level of engineering equipment contributes to the improvement of working areas. In residential areas, the construction of schools, children's institutions, cinemas, clinics, shops, consumer services is planned. - Levandivka is transformed into a landscaped village. The quarters are planned according to the manor type. The area of the plot is 0.06 - 0.08 hectares per one-apartment house, ie - 0.03 - 0.04 ha per apartment. It should be noted that the architects of Lviv in their functional-spatial and architectural-planning solutions used the experience of low-rise construction of the period of functionalism of Lviv in the 1930s. Today, many enterprises, near which low-rise buildings were built, have ceased to exist, and multi-storey residential and public buildings are being built on their territory. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period have also been lost, and part is in the process of transformation. Didyk V. and Morklyanyk O. (2003-2018) studies the socio-political preconditions of housing design and construction, localization of construction in the spatial structure of Lviv, analysis of architectural-planning and stylistic solutions of housing and its architectural-spatial transformation. The article analyzes the individual and typical projects of low-rise buildings and notes that despite the simple facades, the houses are architecturally quite expressive. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period has been lost, part is in the stage of transformation and a small part is still preserved almost unchanged. Therefore, those fragments of low-rise buildings and individual houses that still retain architectural expressiveness and functional aesthetics should be preserved as monuments of urban art, architecture and culture.
33
Ramazanova, A. A., and A. Z. Issina. "HIGH-DENSЕ LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: BASIC RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 82, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2021.4-09.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the typology of low-rise residential development and the possibility of forming a diverse and multifaceted urban environment. Its urban planning, architectural design, and compositional potential are investigated. In addition to studying the main characteristics of this type of housing, the study focuses on analyzing the benefits of introducing private open spaces, which are recognized as one of the main elements of low-rise, high-density housing.
34
Sokol, M., L. Konečná, M. Čuhák, and M. Dallemule. "Very low seismicity areas in Slovakia and comparison of seismic risk in Central European Countries." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-011-0012-1.
Full textAbstract:
Very low seismicity areas in Slovakia and comparison of seismic risk in Central European CountriesA parametric study concerning the importance of very low seismicity for Slovakia is introduced. Analyses were performed for ordinary buildings such as family houses, residential brick buildings, residential panel buildings and high-rise buildings. Both horizontal wind and seismic actions were analysed and compared in detail for all the regions and conditions in Slovakia.
35
He, Y., and Y. He. "URBAN SHANTY TOWN RECOGNITION BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES AND NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL MONITORING FEATURES – A CASE STUDY OF NANNING CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-517-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Urban shanty towns are communities that has contiguous old and dilapidated houses with more than 2000 square meters built-up area or more than 50 households. This study makes attempts to extract shanty towns in Nanning City using the product of Census and TripleSat satellite images. With 0.8-meter high-resolution remote sensing images, five texture characteristics (energy, contrast, maximum probability, and inverse difference moment) of shanty towns are trained and analyzed through GLCM. In this study, samples of shanty town are well classified with 98.2&thinsp;% producer accuracy of unsupervised classification and 73.2&thinsp;% supervised classification correctness. Low-rise and mid-rise residential blocks in Nanning City are classified into 4 different types by using k-means clustering and nearest neighbour classification respectively. This study initially establish texture feature descriptions of different types of residential areas, especially low-rise and mid-rise buildings, which would help city administrator evaluate residential blocks and reconstruction shanty towns.
36
Dranitsa, Mariya Vyacheslavovna. "External enclosing structures of a rural house in Siberia: Soviet experience." Архитектура и дизайн, no. 1 (January 2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2022.1.38142.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the construction of low-rise houses in rural settlements of Siberia of the Soviet period. Changes in the country affected the construction of rural settlements in Siberia. Changes in the formation of rural settlements affected the external enclosing structures. The main development trends and characteristic features of external enclosing structures are determined. Prerequisites for the use of new materials for enclosing structures are described. Typical design is considered as a means of ensuring fast and high-quality construction of rural houses in Siberia, and its impact on enclosing structures revealed. The external enclosing structures in the design and construction of "exemplary" rural settlements are considered. The external enclosing structures of low-rise housing construction in Siberia during the Soviet period are considered as an object of research. The subject of the study is the methods of analysis of scientific literature and system–structural analysis of rural houses in Siberia and their external enclosing structures built in the Soviet period. The novelty lies in the fact that the changes in the construction of Siberian rural houses during the Soviet period were considered and how they affected the external enclosing structures. The main conclusions are that radical changes took place in rural settlements of Siberia during the Soviet period, this was reflected in the external enclosing structures. The traditional wooden materials were replaced by factory-made materials. At that time, they tried to unify low-rise rural houses. Standard projects were developed that could be adapted to the Siberian climatic conditions. The revision of design standards contributed to the development and implementation of new design approaches. This has led to an increase in the typological diversity of housing with various types of external enclosing structures. During this period, "exemplary" rural settlements in Siberia began to be actively designed and built, for the construction of which materials of factory-made external enclosing structures with the addition of local materials were used.
37
Buravchenko, Serhii, and Karina Hres. "RATIONALE AND APPROACHES IN THE DESIGN OF HIGH-DENSITY LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Theory and practice of design, no. 26 (2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2415-8151.2022.26.2.
Full text
38
Milanovic, Danijela, and Ljiljana Vasilevska. "Influence of private open spaces on the quality of living in low-rise high density housing." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 16, no. 2 (2018): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace180314009m.
Full textAbstract:
In contemporary theoretical approaches and practice, low-rise high density housing is recognized as appropriate housing model for solving spatial, social, economical and environmental problems in many urban situations. In addition to investigation of basic characteristics of this type of housing, the research focus is on analyzing benefits of implementation of private open spaces, which are recognized as one of main elements of low-rise high density housing. The research relies on the analysis of relevant literature and best practice examples.
39
Popova, Olga, Julia Glebova, and Andrey Pustovgar. "Quality assessment of urban areas based on neural network modeling and GIS." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302032.
Full textAbstract:
In this article the authors carry out the research of the urban development areas structure and propose the system of its characteristics on the basis of sector affiliation of the municipal economy. The authors have developed an algorithm for quality assessment of urban development areas. The results of the research are presented on the example of several central quarters of Arkhangelsk city. The city’s residential development was formed in the periods from 1900-1950, 1950-1980 and from 2002 to date. It is currently presented by low-rise wooden, homestead type residential houses and barracks-type houses; mid-rise and high-rise brick and panel buildings of typical development, buildings of large-panel housing construction. Structural SOM-analysis compiled separate quarters of Arkhangelsk into 5 groups with a high level of characteristic similarity: "Commercial", "Prospective complex development", "Sustainable development", "Perspective renovation of residential development", "Investment-unattractive". Typical development strategies for each group of quarters are determined. Most developed areas characterized by upward height. The development strategies for depressed areas is in a high-rise building, which show the economic, social and environmental benefits of upward growth of the city. Using GIS allows to visually reflect the state and assess the quality of the urban development area by the aggregate of all parameters, and also to assess the quality of the quarters for each sector.
40
Madhusanka, H. W. N., W. Pan, and M. M. Kumaraswamy. "Stakeholder engagement and collaboration in overcoming the constraints to delivering low carbon buildings in high-rise high-density cities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042030.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The building stock in high-rise high-density cities is a principal contributor to global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Even though there are many commitments and action plans, an effective uptake in the delivery of low carbon buildings (LCBs) is not evident in high-rise high-density contexts due to several prevailing constraints. Despite many studies in the arena of LCBs, only a few have focused on analysing stakeholder ‘engagement’ and ‘collaboration’ towards identifying and addressing constraints to delivering LCBs. This paper addresses this gap by employing a Social Network Analysis (SNA) based methodology to explore the required engagement and collaboration of stakeholders in addressing constraints to delivering LCBs in high-rise high-density cities. In total 21 constraints to delivering LCBs were identified through a systematic literature review followed by a questionnaire survey covering Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia (Sydney and Melbourne), UAE (Dubai and Abu Dhabi) and Qatar. Furthermore, 15 influential stakeholder categories were identified from the literature. Subsequently, a two-round Delphi survey was conducted to map the engagement of stakeholders over the constraints and to develop the input dataset for SNA. The SNA results revealed the stakeholders’ influencing ability over each of the identified constraints and their significance in terms of their position in the developed social network structures. The findings should benefit industry practitioners by providing useful insights into potential engagement and collaboration channels for smoothly addressing the constraints to delivering LCBs.
41
Shen, J., W. Han, L. Zhang, H. Li, and L. Lyu. "THE RESEARCH ON QUALITY INSPECTION OF LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LIDAR." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2022 (June 2, 2022): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2022-627-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Aiming at the quality inspection of land cover classification in natural resources investigation and monitoring, a method and process for quickly inspecting land cover misclassification and omission by using airborne Lidar data are proposed. Firstly, the ground objects are separated from laser feet points by post-processing such as gross error elimination, multi echo analysis and filtering of airborne Lidar data. Secondly, the elevation information is used to distinguish the easily confused ground objects with the similar spectral characteristics, such as forest land and shrub grass, the building area and road, high-rise houses and low-rise houses. Finally, overlay and compare the classified laser feet points with land cover achieving the misclassification. Experiments shows the effectiveness of this method, improve the quality inspection efficiency of land cover classification results, reduce the workload of field data collection, and improve the accuracy of quality inspection.
42
Deguchi, Atsushi, Gaku Yamada, and Sadao Watanabe. "Study on Evaluation of Building Control System in Low-rise High-density Residential Area." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 25 (October 25, 1990): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.25.115.
Full text
43
Hube, Matías A., Hernán Santa María, Orlando Arroyo, Alvaro Vargas, Javier Almeida, and Mauricio López. "Seismic performance of squat thin reinforced concrete walls for low-rise constructions." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 1074–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020906841.
Full textAbstract:
Thin reinforced concrete (RC) walls with single layer reinforcement have been used for houses and buildings in several Latin American countries. Although some design codes include recommendations for squat thin walls in low-rise constructions, its seismic performance has not been validated adequately in past earthquakes. This article presents the results of an experimental campaign of nine full-scale specimens conducted to characterize the influence of the steel type, the reinforcement ratio, and the wall thickness on the seismic behavior of squat thin RC walls with single layer reinforcement. Both welded wire and deformed bars were used as web reinforcement. Experimental results are used to develop nonlinear models to assess the seismic behavior of a prototype two-story house with welded wire reinforcement and deformed bars by means of incremental dynamic analyses. The experimental results show that the type of steel has the largest influence on wall seismic performance. The numerical results suggest that RC walls with single layer reinforcement are suitable for housing applications up to two stories in high seismicity regions, particularly walls detailed with deformed bars.
44
Butters, Chris, Ali Cheshmehzangi, and Paola Sassi. "CITIES, ENERGY AND CLIMATE: SEVEN REASONS TO QUESTION THE DENSE HIGH-RISE CITY." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.15.3.197.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Dense high-rise cities offer some advantages in terms of sustainability but have considerable downsides. Low-dense and medium-rise typologies have been shown to offer good social qualities; their potential energy and carbon advantages have received less attention. As the energy consumption, emissions of cities and heat island effects increase; we question whether dense, high-rise cities offer optimal sustainability. We discuss seven areas where medium density and lower rise typologies offer advantages in terms of energy and climate including: land use/density; microclimate/green space; energy supply; transports; operational energy/carbon; embodied energy/carbon; and resilience. The aim is to discuss the cumulative importance of these areas in the context of sustainable energy use and climate emissions. These areas are subject to ongoing research and are only discussed briefly, since the overarching synthesis perspective for urban planning is our focus. The picture that emerges when these points are seen together, suggests that medium density and lower rise options—like traditional European typologies—may offer, in addition to social qualities, very significant advantages in terms of energy, carbon and climate emissions.
45
Peet, Mary M., and Daniel H. Willits. "HIGH NIGHTTIME TEMPERATURES DECREASE FRUITSET AND YIELD OF GREENHOUSE TOMATOES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 596e—596. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.596e.
Full textAbstract:
In the southern U.S. and other mild winter areas, the length of the harvest season for greenhouse tomatoes is limited by high night temperatures. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of this limitation by installing mechanical refrigeration to provide nighttime cooling in two of four computer-controlled greenhouses. For three crops of greenhouse tomatoes, nighttime temperatures in cooled houses were not allowed to rise above 20°C. Sixteen-week old transplants were placed in greenhouse treatments starting Mid-April ('91), mid-July ('90) and mid-August ('89). Fruit weights were significantly increased by nighttime cooling on all three planting dates, with weights increasing 11%, 28% and 53%, respectively. For the mid-July and mid-August plantings, fruitset, fruit size and % uncracked fruit were also increased significantly by nighttime cooling. Data collected in '90 showed that plants in the cooled houses required only an additional 2.4 days to mature and were only 10-15% taller, suggesting there were no significant plant-related disadvantages to nighttime cooling. Lack of stored heat and nighttime heat load in the greenhouses resulted in low cooling costs and refrigeration requirements, so nighttime cooling may also be commercially feasible.
46
Rahmawati, Yani, Christiono Utomo, Nur Suhailah Muhamad Sukri, Rezi Berliana Yasinta, and Al-Hussein Mohammed Hassan Al-Aidrous. "Environmental Enhancement through High-Rise Building Refurbishment." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229350.
Full textAbstract:
Property investment is always enticing, especially the high-rise residential property. The promise of the raising future value of it keeps investors attracted. Urbanisation also contributes to the massive development in this business, and it is hardly ignored. To run the business and to be able to compete with others, developers have to keep the cost attracted for the residents/buyers. The property needs to be well designed to satisfy the economical capital expenditure as well as low operation and maintenance cost. The high density of this development in an urban area makes developers tend to have low awareness of practising sustainability. Inconsistent evaluation, as well as unwell-defined assessment for sustainability, worsen the situation. This research aims to investigate and develop performance evaluation criteria of sustainability for high-rise residential building. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were implemented through surveys. Three main factors, which are the promotion of a healthy environment, comfortability of residents and energy-saving, found to be the main categories of criteria to be considered. Based on validation through a case study, it is found that providing easy access to public transport is the most critical criteria for promoting a healthy environment. Besides, the usage of low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) paint can give comfort to residents because it provides healthy indoor air quality. Lastly, the usage of LED bulbs and natural light supports energy saving. The criteria are then used to develop the decision-making model in selecting the best alternative for the building refurbishment, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Application of the decision model in a case study reveals that repainting the building using low VOC paint become the best fit option for enhancing the environment. Developers may implement this in their policy for the redevelopment of their building. The result is limited to the aggregation value; thus, future research is directing into coalition and negotiation among stakeholders by applying payoff optimum and agreement options and also automation in selecting the best technical solution.
47
Effendy, Thoeng Fenni C., Hasanuddin Ishak, and Agus Bintara Birawida. "Pemetaan Densitas Larva Aedes Aegypti Berdasarkan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) di Kelurahan Paccerakkang dan Tamalanrea." Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30597/hjph.v1i2.11185.
Full textAbstract:
Makassar City is one of the areas most at risk of Dengue Fever (DHF). One form of dengue prevention is to break the chain of transmission of mosquitoes, which is to prevent the breeding of mosquito vectors through efforts to eradicate mosquito nests (PSN). Mapping the density of aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on the behavior of eradicating mosquito nests (PSN) in Paccerakkang Village, Tamalanrea Village, Makassar City. This type of research is an observational survey with cross sectional method with descriptive analytic approach and using a questionnaire as an interview guide. The sample in this study was the house of DHF sufferers and houses within a radius of 100 meters from patients who were in Paccerakkang Village as many as 98 houses and Tamalanrea Village 61 houses were determined using purposive sampling method. The results of this study found that 39.8% of respondents' houses in Paccerakkang were found to be larvae and in Tamalanrea at 62.3%. 3M's behavior in both village is also incomplete and low, namely 14.3% and 13.1% respectively, while the use of bubate abate is 48% and 34.4%. Based on the Density Figure (DF) determined by WHO, the two villages are included in areas with Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) which have a high risk of DHF transmission.
48
Samaratunga, Thushara, and Daniel O' Hare. "High Density High Rise Vertical Living for Low Income People in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Learning from Pruitt-Igoe." Architecture Research 2, no. 6 (January 7, 2013): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.arch.20120206.03.
Full text
49
Zobin, Vyacheslav. "Seismic risk in the State of Colima, México: Application of a simplified methodology of the seismic risk evaluation for the localities with low-rise, non-engineered housing." Geofísica Internacional 61, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 114–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.2.2199.
Full textAbstract:
The study of seismic risk is important element in the natural hazard assessment, especially in the regions of high seismic activity and low quality of housing. The new technologies, developed to reduce risk against natural hazards in large modern cities, are expensive and need in continuous instrumental monitoring of strong motions. The main problem in estimation of the seismic risk for the localities, representing with the vulnerable low-rise, non-engineered (LRNE) housing in many states of Africa, Asia and Latin America, consists in a search of an optimal and low-cost tool for estimation of the extent of physical damage to property for different type of housing. This article proposes a simplified methodology of the seismic risk evaluation for the localities, where the vulnerable LRNE houses represent most residential constructions. The methodology is based on evaluation of the following sources of information: the internet-available catalogs of world-wide of recent and historical earthquakes and visual inspection and classification of the vulnerability level of residential LRNE houses as well as a visual macroseismic inspection of the residential house damage after destructive earthquakes. This methodology is applied to the localities of the State of Colima, México characterizing with the LRNE type of residential houses. The prognostic of damage probability during large earthquake for residential houses in Colima city, based on this methodology, was firstly proposed in 1999 and then was updated in 2007 after the analysis of damage distribution during the Mw 7.5 earthquake of 2003 (MM VII in Colima city). This article presents microzoning of the seismic risk for two localities of Colima State together with a probabilistic prognostic of the expected damage in housing and financial losses during the maximum intensity earthquakes at the localities.
50
Vasilyev, A., I. Yarmoshenko, A. Onishchenko, M. Hoffmann, G. Malinovsky, A. Marenny, and L. Karl. "RADON MEASUREMENTS IN BIG BUILDINGS: PILOT STUDY IN RUSSIA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 2 (September 2020): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa150.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Detailed analysis of indoor radon concentration distribution by floors was conducted in four children institutions, one office building and two residential houses in Russian cities to develop approaches to draw up a program of radon survey for big buildings. Higher variability of radon concentration was found in high geogenic radon potential (GRP) area when the soil is the main source of radon. No essential dependence of radon concentration on the floor in high-rise buildings was found in low GRP area. The number of required radon measurements is estimated using obtained characteristics of radon variability.