Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low-pressure injection

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Low-pressure injection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Low-pressure injection"

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Arès, Francis, Dorian Delbergue, and Vincent Demers. "Injection Flow Rate Threshold Preventing Atypical In-Cavity Pressure during Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molding." Powders 2, no. 4 (November 7, 2023): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders2040044.

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Controlling injection parameters is paramount when it comes to producing high-quality green parts using powder injection molding. This work combines experimental and numerical approaches to study the impact of injection parameters on mold in-cavity pressure and on the overall quality of green parts produced by low-pressure powder injection molding. The properties of two low-viscosity feedstocks (formulated from a water-atomized stainless-steel powder and wax-based binder system) were measured and implemented in an Autodesk Moldflow numerical model to quantify the molding pressures, which were finally validated using experimental real-scale injections. The results confirmed that an increase in mold temperature, an increase in feedstock temperature, and a decrease in solid loading decrease the mold in-cavity pressure, which was correlated with the feedstock viscosity. As a key result, real-scale injections confirmed that a minimum flow rate was required to avoid atypical high in-cavity pressure leading to several visual defects such as weld lines, flow marks, cracks, sinks, and incomplete filling. Due to differences in its thermal transfer properties, this flow rate threshold value decreases as the feedstock solid loading increases. For injection speeds higher than this value, the injection pressure measured experimentally was linearly correlated with the injection flow rate.
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Hu, Zhen, Shuang Yuan, Hong Wei, Zeyuan Huang, Haiqiao Wei, Siew Hwa Chan, and Lei Zhou. "High-pressure injection or low-pressure injection for a direct injection hydrogen engine?" International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 59 (March 2024): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.018.

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Navarro, C., R. Fernández-Escobar, and M. Benlloch. "A Low-pressure, Trunk-injection Method for Introducing Chemical Formulations into Olive Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 2 (March 1992): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.2.357.

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A low-pressure injection method for introducing chemical formulations into trees is presented. The apparatus consists of a plastic injector and a tube providing a pressure of 60 to 80 kPa, which is below the injurious level for the xylem. The efficiency of the method was determined by injecting PTS, a marker of apoplastic flux dye solutions, and rubidium chloride into young trees, main scaffolds, or tree trunks. The depth of the hole drilled) and the number of injections necessary to distribute the solutions was also determined. The injected solutions moved mainly upward through the older rings of the xylem, suggesting that uptake is directly controlled by the transpiration rate. A single injection was enough to distribute solutions in scaffolds with a diameter of 8 cm, but two injections were necessary for 17-cm-diameter trunks. According to the results, the injection method was effective in introducing chemicals into olive (Olea europaea L.) trees. The method is easy to use, safe and economical and does not involve special equipment. Chemical name used: trisodium, 3-hydroxi-5,8,10-pyrenetrisulfonate (PTS).
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Chen, Tao Ping, and Xian Xi Su. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Injection Different Kinds of Water on Extra Low Permeability Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 968 (June 2014): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.206.

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The experiment study effect of injection different kinds of water on extra low permeability reservoir of Yushulin Oilfield. In the condition of actual temperature and pressure of the reservoir, through the experimental study the effect of injection different kinds of water on extra low permeability core. Experiments include injecting clean water, injecting clean water with scale inhibitor, injecting traditional treated sewage, injecting deep treated sewage, injecting deep treated sewage with scale inhibitor. The experimental results show that: Long term injecting clean water and clean water with scale inhibitor are harmless to core; Injecting traditional treated sewage, high content of oil and impurity bring injection pressure go up, the permeability of core down sharply; Injecting deep treated (aeration + flotation (PAC+PAM) + filtration + ultra filtration (FeCl3)) sewage must be added scale inhibitor, otherwise injection pressure continuously increase, permeability of the core continuously decrease, which seriously affect injection water.
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Jeftić, Marko, Zhenyi Yang, Graham T. Reader, and Ming Zheng. "Fuel efficiency analysis and peak pressure rise rate improvement for neat n-butanol injection strategies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 1 (August 5, 2016): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016632141.

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Engine tests were conducted to investigate the efficiency and the peak pressure rise rate performance of different fuel injection strategies for the direct injection of neat n-butanol in a compression ignition engine. Three different strategies were tested: a single-shot injection; a pilot injection; a post-injection. A single-shot injection timing sweep revealed that early injections had the highest indicated efficiency while late injections reduced the peak pressure rise rate at the cost of a slightly reduced thermal efficiency. Delayed single-shot injections also had increased emissions of nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. Addition of a pilot injection had a negative effect on the peak pressure rise rate. Because of the low cetane number of butanol and the relatively lean and well-premixed air–fuel mixture, the pilot injection failed to autoignite and instead ignited simultaneously with the main injection. This resulted in slightly increased peak pressure rise rates and significantly increased unburned butanol hydrocarbon emissions. Conversely, the use of an early post-injection produced a noticeable engine power output and allowed the main injection to be shortened and the peak pressure rise rate to be substantially reduced. However, relatively early post-injections slightly reduced the indicated efficiency and increased the nitrogen oxide emissions and the carbon monoxide emissions compared with the single-shot injection strategy. These results recommended the use of a single-shot injection for low loads and medium loads owing to a superior thermal efficiency and suggested that the application of a post-injection may be more suited to high-load conditions because of the substantially reduced peak pressure rise rates.
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Liu, Mingyang, Hu Wen, Shixing Fan, Zhenping Wang, Jinbiao Fei, Gaoming Wei, Xiaojiao Cheng, and Hu Wang. "Experimental Study of CO2-ECBM by Injection Liquid CO2." Minerals 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030297.

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Coal mine gas disasters have severely restricted production safety. Improving gas extraction efficiency can effectively reduce disasters. Scholars have confirmed that CO2 successfully displaces coal seam CH4. This study conducted displacement and in situ experiments and compared gas drainage under different injection pressures. The displacement experiments indicated that CH4 production rates increased under increased pressures while the displacement ratios decreased. The pressure had a positive effect on sweep efficiency. The in situ experiment showed that CH4 and CO2 concentration trends in the inspection hole remained consistent. Through observing the data of the original and inspection holes, the average gas drainage concentration during low- and medium-pressure injections increased by 0.61 times and 1.17 times, respectively. The low-pressure average gas drainage scalar was increased by 1.08 times. During the medium-pressure injection, the average gas drainage purity increased by 1.94 times. The diffusion ranges of CO2 under low- and medium-pressure injections were 20–25 m and 25–30 m, respectively. The sweep efficiency of medium-pressure injection was 26% better than that of the low-pressure injection, with average pressures of 2.8 MPa and 1.4 MPa, respectively, for sweep efficiency. This study proposes an effective method for improving coal mine gas drainage efficiency.
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JIA, Lidong. "Experiment of Low-pressure Injection Using Methanol." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 48, no. 20 (2012): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2012.20.153.

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Shaffer, Peter T. B. "The Advantage of Low Pressure Injection Molding." Materials Technology 8, no. 3-4 (March 1993): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10667857.1993.11784939.

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Gonçalves, Aparecido Carlos. "Metallic powder injection molding using low pressure." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 118, no. 1-3 (December 2001): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(01)00916-5.

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HORIBA, Toshinaka, Nobushige TAMAKI, and Masanori SHIMIZU. "Fundamental Study of Low Pressure Injection Nozzle." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2002.40 (2002): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2002.40.165.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low-pressure injection"

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McNaught, PL. "Low pressure fuel injection of a two-stroke cycle spark ignition engine." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23297.

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Wright, Glenn C. "Control of Brown Wood Rot in Lemons with Low Pressure Injection 2012." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/345170.

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We injected AGRA PHOS (Potassium Phosphite) 0-2.4-2, Propaconizole – 0.05%, Propaconizole plus Azoxystrobin – 0.117 and 0.135% respectively, Zn, Mn and Fe 0.105, 0.112, and 0.10% respectively, and Azoxystrobin – 0.137% using a low pressure injection system for the control of Antrodia sinuosa in lemon trees. The Propaconizole + Azoxystrobin treatment, the Azoxystrobin treatment, and the Zn + Mn + Fe treatment led to significantly less fungal lesion growth when applied prior to the introduction of the fungus, as compared to their application after fungal introduction.
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Wright, Glenn C. "Control of Brown Wood Rot in Lemons with Low Pressure Injection 2013-14." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578401.

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We injected AGRA PHOS (Potassium Phosphite) 0-2.4-2, Propiconizole – 0.05%, Zn, Mn and Fe 0.105, 0.112, and 0.10% respectively, Zn, Mn and Fe 0.210, 0.220, and 0.200% respectively and Propiconizole – 0.05% + Zn, Mn and Fe 0.105, 0.112, and 0.10% respectively using a low pressure injection system for the control of Antrodia sinuosa in lemon trees. No treatment led to a significant reduction in fungal growth.
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Kowalski, Sebastian. "Rheology based investigation of a polymer-mineral powder mix for low pressure injection moulding." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/80dadd89-fb07-4918-8b88-5fd642b79cac/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0015.pdf.

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La pâte céramique étudiée, mélange de plusieurs polymères immiscibles : paraffine, EVA, cire de carnauba et d'une poudre minérale submicronique est utilisée dans le procédé d'injection. On s'est surtout attaché à corréler les propriétés rhéologiques à 130°C à la physico-chimie du system. Plusieurs paramètres ont été modifiés, - la fraction volumique, la composition du mélange de polymères et la nature de la poudre. On a montré que les molécules d'EVA et de carnauba sont adsorbées sur la surface de ZrO2, dans un rapport volumique de 2/1 et la poudre fait des inclusions dans la paraffine. Pour une fraction volumique >50% vol. , la pâte se comporte comme un solide et montre des propriétés de thixotropie – analysées avec un modèle développé par Piau. Un rhéomètre capillaire a été utilisé pour estimer la viscosité élongationelle, qui est très sensible (contraire à la viscosité de cisaillement), et clairement lié à la quantité d'EVA adsorbé
. The rheological properties of a ceramic paste, comprising several immiscible polymers : paraffin wax, EVA, carnauba wax, mixed with a mineral submicronic powder were investigated at 130°C. It is a prerequisite to master a forming process such as injection moulding and this was one of the pursued objectives. The other one was to relate these properties to the physico-chemical composition. Several parameters were modified i. E. - the vol. Solid fraction, the polymer blend composition and the nature of the powder. It was proved that EVA and carnauba molecules adsorb on ZrO2 surface, in a volume ratio 2/1 and the powder makes inclusions in the liquid paraffin. For a vol. Fraction >50%, a solid-liquid transition occurs - paste shows a thixotropic behaviour-analyzed with a model developed by Piau. A capillary rheometer was used to estimate the extensional viscosity, which is very sensitive (contrary to shear viscosity), and clearly related to the amount of adsorbed EVA
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McCluney, Peter. "Development of a small natural gas fuelled two stroke cycle engine using low pressure injection." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241433.

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Ahmed, Abdelallah. "Investigation of High Pressure Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of a Lean Direct Injection Combustor Concept." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1471345597.

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Zhang, Kaiyi. "CO2 Minimum Miscibility Pressure and Recovery Mechanisms in Heterogeneous Low Permeability Reservoirs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93728.

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Benefited from the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing and horizon drilling, the production of unconventional oil and gas resources, such as shale gas and tight oil, has grown quickly in 21th century and contributed to the North America oil and gas production. Although the new enhancing oil recover (EOR) technologies and strong demand spike the production of unconventional resources, there are still unknowns in recovery mechanisms and phase behavior in tight rock reservoirs. In such environment, the phase behavior is altered by high capillary pressure owing to the nanoscale pore throats of shale rocks and it may also influence minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which is an important parameter controlling gas floods for CO2 injection EOR. To investigate this influence, flash calculation is modified with considering capillary pressure and this work implements three different method to calculate MMP: method of characteristics (MOC); multiple mixing cell (MMC); and slim-tube simulation. The results show that CO2 minimum miscibility pressure in nanopore size reservoirs are affected by gas-oil capillary pressure owing to the alternation of key tie lines in displacement. The values of CO2-MMP from three different methods match well. Moreover, in tight rock reservoirs, the heterogeneous pore size distribution, such as the ones seen in fractured reservoirs, may affect the recovery mechanisms and MMP. This work also investigates the effect of pore size heterogeneity on multicomponent multiphase hydrocarbon fluid composition distribution and its subsequent influence on mass transfer through shale nanopores. According to the simulation results, compositional gradient forms in heterogeneous nanopores of tight reservoirs because oil and gas phase compositions depend on the pore size. Considering that permeability is small in tight rocks and shales, we expect that mass transfer within heterogeneous pore size porous media to be diffusion-dominated. Our results imply that there can be a selective matrix-fracture component mass transfer during both primary production and gas injection secondary recovery in fractured shale rocks. Therefore, molecular diffusion should not be neglected from mass transfer equations for simulations of gas injection EOR or primary recovery of heterogeneous shale reservoirs with pore size distribution.
Master of Science
The new technologies to recover unconventional resources in oil and gas industry, such as fracturing and horizontal drilling, boosted the production of shale gas and tight oil in 21st century and contributed to the North America oil and gas production. Although the new technologies and strong demand spiked the production of tight oil resources, there are still unknowns of oil and gas flow mechanisms in tight rock reservoirs. As we know, the oil and gas resources are stored in the pores of reservoir formation rock. During production process, the oil and gas are pushed into production wells by formation pressure. However, the pore radius of shale rock is extremely small (around nanometers), which reduces the flow rate of oil and gas and raises capillary pressure in pores. The high capillary pressure will alter the oil and gas phase behavior and it may influence the value of minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which is an important design parameter for CO2 injection (an important technology to raise production). To investigate this influence, we changed classical model with considering capillary pressure and this modified model is implemented in different methods to calculate MMP. The results show that CO2 -MMP in shale reservoirs are affected by capillary pressure and the results from different methods match well. Moreover, in tight rock reservoirs, the heterogeneous pore size distribution, such as fractures in reservoirs, may affect the flow of oil and gas and MMP value. So, this work also investigates the effect of pore size heterogeneity on oil and gas flow mechanisms. According to the simulation results, compositional gradient forms in heterogeneous nanopores of tight reservoirs and this gradient will cause diffusion which will dominate the other fluid flow mechanisms. Therefore, we always need to consider molecular diffusion in the simulation model for shale reservoirs.
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Günter, Marcel [Verfasser]. "Investigation of Turbulent Intra-Fluid Heat Transfer in a Low-Pressure Turbine with Hot-Streak Injection / Marcel Günter." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120075476X/34.

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Mercan, Bayram. "Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Waveform Tip Injection On The Characteristics Of Tip Leakage Vortex In A Lpt Cascade." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614111/index.pdf.

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This study presents the results of an experimental study that investigates the effects of uniform/waveform tip injection along the camberline on the total pressure loss characteristics downstream of a row of Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) blades. The experiments are performed in a low speed cascade facility. This injection technique involves spanwise jets at the tip that are issued from a series of holes along the camber line normal to the freestream flow direction. The injection mass flow rate from each hole is individually controlled using computer driven solenoid valves and therefore the flow injection geometrical pattern at the tip can be adjusted to any desired waveform shape, and can be uniform as well as waveform along the camber. Measurements involve Kiel probe traverses for different injection scenarios 0.5 axial chords downstream of the blades. Results show that, instead of performing uniform mass injection along the camberline, by selecting an appropriate waveform injection pattern one can reduce the total loss levels of the blade, including the tip leakage loss as well as the wake losses.
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Kordiovský, Jan. "Optimalizace průtoku vstřiků od KČ II° do systému SPP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318675.

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The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the optimization calculation of the mass flow of injection from the condensing pumps of the second degree to the condensate of heating steam, flowing from the system of separation and reheating, with the main goal to achieve the maximum power of the block of the power plant. There is calculation of the secondary circuit of the nuclear power plant in Dukovany before and after the optimization. In the next part, there is calculated growth of electric power of the block, results are drawn in diagrams and technical solution is designed.
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Books on the topic "Low-pressure injection"

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Hargett, David L. Technical assessment of low-pressure pipe wastewater injection systems. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Moran, Matthew E. Liquid Transfer Cryogenic Test Facility: Initial hydrogen and nitrogen no-vent fill data. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Paech, Michael J., and Patchareya Nivatpumin. Postdural puncture headache. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0027.

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Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may follow either deliberate or unintentional (accidental) penetration of the interdigitating meninges, the dura and arachnoid mater. It is one of the most common and clinically important complications of regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the obstetric population. The headache develops as a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, low intracranial pressure and cerebrovascular changes in the upright position and can prove debilitating. The diagnosis is clinical, making thorough assessment and regular review all the more important, to revise treatment plans, exclude rare serious pathology such as subdural haematoma, and avoid misdiagnosis. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors (needle, technical and patient related), features, natural history, diagnosis, and management of PDPH. High level evidence supports prevention by using small gauge, non-cutting spinal needles, but other preventative strategies against either unintentional dural puncture or PDPH are poorly supported. The absent or poor efficacy of measures such as bed rest, hydration, cerebral vasoconstrictor therapy, epidural or intrathecal saline injection, intrathecal catheter placement or prophylactic epidural blood patch, is noted. Validation of better evidence supporting epidural morphine or intravenous cosyntropin is required. Symptomatic treatment of PDPH is also unreliable. Very limited evidence that requires substantiation supports a modest benefit from caffeine, gabapentinoids or intravenous hydrocortisone. The intervention of epidural blood patch is highly likely to relieve post-spinal PDPH, but only completely resolves epidural needle-induced PDPH in 30–50% of cases. Much detail about EBP remains undetermined, but delayed intervention and injection of approximately 20 mL of autologous blood appear appropriate.
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Book chapters on the topic "Low-pressure injection"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Low-Pressure Injection Molding." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 434. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7050.

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Shutov, Fjodor A., G. Henrici-Olivé, and S. Olivé. "Injection Molding: Low Pressure Process." In Integral/Structural Polymer Foams, 47–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02486-7_4.

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Ji, Changwei, Jianpu Shen, and Shuofeng Wang. "Numerical Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of the Port Fuel Injection Hydrogen-Oxygen Internal Combustion Engine Under the Low-Temperature Intake Condition." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 25–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_3.

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AbstractThe flammability limits of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture are extremely wide, and the ignition energy is low. Due to its excellent combustion properties, the hydrogen-oxygen mixture can be used as fuel in internal combustion engines (ICEs). However, the combustion of hydrogen-oxygen mixture is too intense, which results in limited research on its application in ICEs and is limited to low-temperature conditions in aerospace. This research aims to numerically discuss the coupling effects of equivalence ratio and ignition timing on the port fuel injection hydrogen-oxygen ICE under the low-temperature intake condition. The three-dimensional geometric model of a single-cylinder ICE was established using the CONVERGE software and validated against the mean in-cylinder pressure and reaction mechanism. The results indicate that adjusting equivalence ratio and ignition timing operating parameters is beneficial for controlling the temperature and pressure in the cylinder within a reasonable range during the total combustion process. In general, under the low-temperature intake condition, adopting a high equivalence ratio and optimal ignition timing strategy improve the combustion process and power performance of the port fuel injection hydrogen-oxygen ICE.
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Spratt, M., J. W. Newkirk, and K. Chandrashekhara. "Design and Fabrication of Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams by Low-Pressure Injection Molding." In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams (MetFoam 2019), 95–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42798-6_9.

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Medvedovski, Eugene, and Michael Peltsman. "Low Pressure Injection Molding of Advanced Ceramic Components with Complex Shapes for Mass Production." In Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials VI, 35–51. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118217528.ch4.

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Zhao, Ze-qi, Yong Li, Dan-dan Hu, Rui-cheng Ma, Shu Wang, and Li-xia Zhang. "Study of Horizontal Injection-Production Well Pattern Pressure Response in Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoirs." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 4964–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1964-2_424.

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Xu, Xiao-ping, Wei Wu, Dong-bo Jiang, and Ji-qiang Wu. "Development Characteristics and Key Parameter Optimization of High-Pressure Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021, 3414–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_319.

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Wu, Yin, Wen Jie Si, and He Zhuo Miao. "A New Dewaxing Method and its Effect on the Properties of Low-Pressure Injection Molded Ceramics." In Key Engineering Materials, 1012–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1012.

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Chemnitz, Alexander, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Calculation of the Thermoacoustic Stability of a Main Stage Thrust Chamber Demonstrator." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 235–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_15.

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Abstract The stability behavior of a virtual thrust chamber demonstrator with low injection pressure loss is studied numerically. The approach relies on an eigenvalue analysis of the Linearized Euler Equations. An updated form of the stability prediction procedure is outlined, addressing mean flow and flame response calculations. The acoustics of the isolated oxidizer dome are discussed as well as the complete system incorporating dome and combustion chamber. The coupling between both components is realized via a scattering matrix representing the injectors. A flame transfer function is applied to determine the damping rates. Thereby it is found that the procedure for the extraction of the flame transfer function from the CFD solution has a significant impact on the stability predictions.
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Lube, Tanja, Roger Morrell, and Irina Kraleva. "The Effect of Defects and Materials Texture on the Fracture of Low-Pressure Injection Moulded Alumina Components." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 57–64. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118433010.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low-pressure injection"

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Day, Eric, and John Cavanaugh. "Low Pressure Direct Injection Methanol Injector." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/920627.

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Davenport, Michael, Royce Duke, Jeffrey Bingham, David Kemmerer, Christie Chatterley, Don Lewis, and Todd Gansauge. "Low-Pressure In-Cylinder Fuel Injection." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-32-0082.

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Broughton, Ronnie T. "Low Pressure Injection System Crossconnect Modification." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50075.

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How would you fix all of the Low Pressure Injection (LPI) system technical problems listed below with a single nuclear plant modification? • Large LPI Flow indication uncertainty; • Non-Safety power to important cross connect valves; • LPI Pump run-out / NPSH operator burden; • Unbalanced LPI cooling due to electrical single failure; • Unconventional response to valve single failure. A southeastern nuclear generation facility responded by contracting Framatome ANP to design a new passive single cross connect modification for each of their generating units. This new cross connect, consisting of approximately 130’ of 10” stainless steel piping, new gate valves, new check valves, and two new flow restrictors, was installed downstream of the LPI coolers and inside containment on each unit to tie the two injection trains together. The two flow restrictors (stemless globe valves with precision engineered disc stacks) were the centerpiece of the design. Though system resistance is increased, the flow restrictors eliminate all of the technical issues that the utility faced in the LPI system. The passive nature of this design eliminated the time-critical operator burden, the need for safety grade power on existing cross connect valves, the threat of pump run-out and marginal NSPHa, and the unusual single failure licensing basis to manually open LPI isolation valves in the event that they failed closed. The design also improved flow indication uncertainty with a change out of the existing flow measuring orifices. Framatome ANP faced many challenges during the design process. In addition to the problems to be solved, other constraints of the modification were significant, including: an unusually tight upper limit on pump strength, a narrow band of acceptable system resistance with an unknown baseline, first-of-a-kind accuracy requirements for the flow restrictor, and High Pressure Injection (HPI) system minimum flow limits challenged by modification operational changes. The NRC has approved the flow restrictor and the overall design for use in this facility. The passive cross connect modification has been installed in all units. All equipment has passed installation and post modification testing requirements.
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Zanforlin, S., and R. Gentili. "Hydrogen Low-pressure Gaseous Direct Injection." In Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1924.

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Twerda, A., S. Belfroid, and F. Neele. "CO2 Injection In Low Pressure Depleted Reservoirs." In Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802976.

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Zanforlin, S., T. Poerio, S. Frigo, and R. Gentili. "Two-Step Concept for Low-Pressure Direct Hydrogen Injection." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14067.

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In this paper, a low-pressure hydrogen direct-injection solution is presented that entails low storage residual pressure (∼12 bar). The injection is realised in two steps. First, hydrogen is simply metered by an electro-injector (a conventional one for Compressed Natural Gas - CNG application) that feeds a small intermediate chamber. Next, hydrogen enters the cylinder by means of a mechanically-actuated valve which allows higher flow than any electro-injector. Injection must end early enough to allow good charge homogeneity and, in any case, before in-cylinder pressure rise constraints hydrogen admission. Backfire is avoided by starting injection at intake valve closing. A prototype has been realised modifying a single-cylinder 650 cc production engine with three intake valves. The central one has been modified and properly timed to in-cylinder inject hydrogen from the intermediate chamber. Hydrogen injection through different-shape poppet valves in a quiescent, constant volume has been simulated in order to investigate the effects of valve and seat-valve geometries in controlling fuel-air mixing in the cylinder. Additional predictions for the actual engine configuration indicate that an acceptable fuel distribution can be obtained in the combustion chamber at the spark timing, with equivalence ratios in the ignition region that are inside the flammability range of the mixture for all the operating conditions (loads and speeds) that have been considered.
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Schumacher, Moritz, and Michael Wensing. "Investigations on an Injector for a Low Pressure Hydrogen Direct Injection." In SAE 2014 International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2699.

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Luo, Meng, and Oskar J. Haidn. "Injection of Cryogenic Propellants under Low Pressure Conditions." In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4790.

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Nocivelli, Lorenzo, Gianluca Montenegro, and Panayotis Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler. "Low Pressure-Driven Injection Characterization for SCR Applications." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0994.

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Knapp, Heinrich, and Manfred Lembke. "A New Low Pressure Single Point Gasoline Injection System." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850293.

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Reports on the topic "Low-pressure injection"

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Banji, Titilope, and Daniel Olsen. PR-179-22207-R01 Improved In-Cylinder Mixing Injection Pressure Sensitivity. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000063.

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Large-bore, natural gas-fueled engines are used for gas compression at over 1700 compression stations across the US, and methane emissions have presented a challenge to their optimization over the years. A significant root of this problem has been linked to the level of air-fuel mixing in the main combustion chamber of these engines as poor mixing results in low combustion efficiency. High-pressure fuel injection is believed to be a significant way to improve air-fuel mixing in natural gas engine combustion chambers. The purpose of this present study is to determine the sensitivity of in-cylinder mixing to injection pressures, using CFD simulations, determine the limits of high-pressure fuel injection, and explore the possibility of improving low-pressure fuel injection. The engine modeled using CONVERGE Studio for CFD was the large 4-cylinder GMV 4TF engine. The model was simulated for four major sets of configured cases - baseline establishment, ideal mixing case development, injection pressure variation, and low-pressure, high-momentum cases. The results of this work show that improved mixing potentially reduces the amount of methane emissions by half and high-pressure fuel injection also improves the in-cylinder mixing in the main combustion chambers of large bore engines. The optimal timing for the injection at different injection pressures was determined and the limitations in each case were identified. It was concluded that fuel injection at 700 psi at -110 degrees BTDC gave the best mixing case. The level of mixing in low-pressure fuel injection systems was also found to be improved by up to 39% by having high-momentum fuel injection using increased flow areas at injection.
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Vieira, Greg, and Daniel Olsen. PR179-22206-R01 Prechamber Air and Fuel Premixing Proof of Concept. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000099.

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This study investigates the feasibility of injecting a premixed air and fuel charge into the precombustion chamber (PCC) of a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF 2-stroke lean-burn natural gas engine. The primary ob-jectives are to enhance combustion stability, reduce emissions, and address the challenges associated with stratification within the PCC. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to evaluate both ideal and practical premixed scenarios. The ideal premixed scenario aimed to achieve improved ho-mogeneity and faster flame propagation. Low-pressure premixed injections were tested to examine the ef-fects of near-stoichiometric mixtures on mixture homogeneity, while high-pressure premixed injections focused on reducing stratification within the PCC. Key metrics assessed included homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture, flame propagation speed, mass transfer between the PCC and the main combustion chamber (MCC), and emissions performance. Adjustments to PCC fuel injection timing, mass flow rates, and other critical parameters were explored throughout the simulations. The findings provide insights into the impact of premixed injection strategies on combustion dynamics and emissions characteristics of large-bore natural gas engines.
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Whyatt, G. A., and C. R. Hymas. Low-pressure, single-point grout injection for tank heel sludge mixing and in-situ immobilization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665969.

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Mokarizadehhaghighishirazi, Majid, Bart Buffel, Stepan V. Lomov, and Frederik Desplentere. Impact of Glass Fiber Content and Packing Pressure on Weld Line Integrity in Injection Molded Short Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyamide. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.im.2.

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Managing the challenge of weld lines of short-fiber reinforced polymers (SFRPs) in injection molding is crucial for enhancing the mechanical performance of these composites. This study evaluates the impact of various glass fiber contents (0 to 50 wt%) within a polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix on the tensile and flexural properties at weld lines, comparing each sample to its counterpart without a weld line. Our findings indicate that weld lines have minimal impact on the mechanical properties of composites with low fiber content (10 wt%). However, at higher fiber contents, the strength, modulus, and strain at fracture are significantly reduced due to unfavorable fiber orientations at the weld lines. Increasing the packing pressure during injection molding can partially recover these properties by promoting favorable fiber orientation at the weld line. This signifies the importance of carefully controlling processing parameters to optimize the mechanical performance of SFRPs at weld lines.
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Carbajo, J. J. Comparison of MELCOR modeling techniques and effects of vessel water injection on a low-pressure, short-term, station blackout at the Grand Gulf Nuclear Station. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90692.

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Harold Schock, Farhad Jaberi, Ahmed Naguib, Guoming Zhu, and David Hung. High-Compression-Ratio; Atkinson-Cycle Engine Using Low-Pressure Direct Injection and Pneumatic-Electronic Valve Actuation Enabled by Ionization Current and Foward-Backward Mass Air Flow Sensor Feedback. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967307.

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Speranza, Vito, and Roberto Pantani. Investigation of isotactic polypropylene crystallization in processing conditions. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.msd.1.

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Flow and pressure applied during polymer transformation processes of semi-crystalline polymers can significantly affect the kinetics of crystallization, final morphology, and properties of the part. In commonly used polymer transformation processes, the molten polymer is subjected to high pressure and thermal stress, as well as intense shear and elongational flow fields. The effect of pressure on crystallization kinetics is significant from both scientific and technological perspectives since the polymer solidifies under high pressure in important industrial processing techniques. On the other hand, the high shear rates experienced during the polymer processing can lead to the development of a highly non-uniform morphology that is typically very different from what is observed for quiescent crystallization of the same polymer. One example is injection molding, where the high shear rates experienced by a polymer melt close to the cold walls of the cavity can lead to a highly oriented layer (“skin” layer), whereas the low flow field close to sample mid-plane can lead to an isotropic layer (“core” layer) developing the so-called “skin-core” morphology. Thus, an understanding of polymer crystallization behavior with respect to the processing conditions is required to enable the rational design of materials and to optimize the final properties of the parts. This work explored the effects of the pressure and flow field on the kinetics of crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (i.e., iPP). The study of the effect of pressure on the crystallization kinetics of iPP was conducted using a dilatometer in the pressure range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa. Several isothermal flow experiments were carried out using two different devices: the Linkam shear cell and the Multi-Pass Rheometer (MPR). To describe the evolution into isotropic structures and fibrillar structures, a Kolmogoroff–Avrami–Evans model was adopted.
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DeVries, Nieland, Wagg, and Xie. FV387KR Temperature Effects on Threaded Couplings in Caverns. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010918.

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This report documents research performed to identify if gas injection and withdrawal temperatures of typical natural gas well completions could potentially result in failure of the casing through low-frequency cyclic fatigue. Finite element analyses of two salt cavern wells and one reservoir storage well were used to estimate the state of stress in the casing resulting from: (1) casing weight; (2) product pressures; (3) thermally induced stresses; and (4) external ground pressures, including salt creep. The range of stress and temperature conditions determined during simulations of gas service cycles at the lowest casing joint was used as input to another set of finite element models to predict the casing connection response when subjected to cyclic loads caused by pressure and temperature changes. The stress history at critical points in the connections was then used in cyclic fatigue analyses to determine the expected number of cycles the couplings can withstand before failure.
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Johnson, Derek, and Nigel Clark. PR-746-22204-R01 Review of Technologies to Enable In-situ Valve Service to Reduce Methane Emissions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000058.

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Leaking gas industry valve stem seals are recognized as a substantial source of atmospheric methane, which is a greenhouse gas. Newly proposed regulations include methane alongside volatile organic compound emissions, with leak detection and repair requirements. If a leak is identified a first attempt at repair must occur no later than five calendar days after identification, or else be justifiably delayed. The objective of this report is to review valve technology and methods used to address in-situ valve stem leak repair that offers an economical solution with reduced service disruption. A wide variety of valves are employed in natural gas facilities, with valve stems that rotate or translate, and with seals ranging from packings to O-rings. Low emissions valve designs are available, but turnover of legacy valves is slow. Precise causes of failures are not well documented, although stem misalignment, intrusive dirt, and corrosion may exacerbate seal damage. Injection of lubricants and sealants into the valve packing or seal area offers the simplest remedy for leakage control. However, more work is required to identify optimal sealants for each application and to predict durability of the repair using injection. Safety must be assured where seals must be replaced, but there are varying practices in addressing isolation of the seal area from high pressure gas. Where double block (or isolation) and bleed are required, knowledge of the valve main seal design is essential. Blowdown of line sections may be required, but the methane release is of concern. Methods exist to capture or else oxidize the methane. Opinions on the protection offered by backseating of gate valves varies. Improved understanding and practice will require comprehensive record keeping on the history of each valve, permitting analysis and quality improvement using the resulting operations database. This is key to recommendations in a future roadmap that includes study of failure modes and optimized use of sealants. Monitoring success of repairs would be better served by measuring leak rate than concentration. Record keeping and better understanding of failures and success of repair approaches also support decisions on immediate versus deferred repair, use of sealants, and on whether a valve should be replaced or repaired. Hardware and practice innovations are anticipated in response to leak detection and repair requirements.
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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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