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Books on the topic 'Low Power Wide Area'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Haes Alhelou, Hassan, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, and Pierluigi Siano, eds. Wide Area Power Systems Stability, Protection, and Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54275-7.

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2

Ma, Jing. Power System Wide-Area Stability Analysis and Control. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119304852.

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3

Masuch, Jens, and Manuel Delgado-Restituto. Ultra Low Power Transceiver for Wireless Body Area Networks. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00098-5.

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Masuch, Jens. Ultra Low Power Transceiver for Wireless Body Area Networks. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013.

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5

Fouto, David, and Nuno Paulino. Design of Low Power and Low Area Passive Sigma Delta Modulators for Audio Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57033-4.

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6

Kikō, Nihon Bōeki Shinkō. Operation and management model demonstration project for hydropower plants in a wide-area maintenance system with the aim of expansion to the Mekong Region. [Tokyo]: Japan External Trade Organization, 2009.

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7

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Amending Title 17, United States Code, to clarify the definition of the local service area of a primary transmitter in the case of a low power television station: Report (to accompany H.R. 3108) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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8

Davis, Frederic E. Desktop publishing. Edited by Barry John A, Wiesenberg Michael, and Langfeldt Eva. Homewood, Ill: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1986.

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9

A, Barry John, ed. Desktop publishing. Homewood, Ill: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1988.

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10

Heuberger, Albert, Hendrik Lieske, and Erlangen Fraunhofer IIS. Contributions to the Link Performance Evaluation of Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) Networks. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2020.

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11

Eschauzier, Rudolphe Gustave Hubertus. Wide Bandwidth, Low Power Operational Amplifiers. Delft Univ Pr, 1994.

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12

Messina. Wide Area Monitoring of Interconnected Power Systems. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbpo077e.

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13

Ma, Jing. Power System Wide-Area Stability Analysis and Control. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2018.

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14

Ma, Jing. Power System Wide-area Stability Analysis and Control. John Wiley (Exclusive), 2018.

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15

Monti, Antonello, Carlo Muscas, and Ferdinanda Ponci. Phasor Measurement Units and Wide Area Monitoring Systems. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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16

Delgado-Restituto, Manuel, and Jens Masuch. Ultra Low Power Transceiver for Wireless Body Area Networks. Springer, 2015.

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17

Delgado-Restituto, Manuel, and Jens Masuch. Ultra Low Power Transceiver for Wireless Body Area Networks. Springer, 2013.

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18

Rehtanz, Christian, Yong Li, Fang Liu, Dechang Yang, and Yijia Cao. Interconnected Power Systems: Wide-Area Dynamic Monitoring and Control Applications. Springer, 2018.

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19

Corsi, Sandro. Voltage Control and Protection in Electrical Power Systems: From System Components to Wide-Area Control. Springer, 2015.

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20

Corsi, Sandro. Voltage Control and Protection in Electrical Power Systems: From System Components to Wide-Area Control. Springer, 2016.

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21

Ultra Low Power Transceiver for Wireless Body Area Networks Analog Circuits and Signal Processing. Springer International Publishing AG, 2013.

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22

International Conference on Gears 2017. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181022948.

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Talking about the design of modern high-performance power train applications, one of the essential components to focus on are the gears. Gears convert torque and speed in a very wide power range, at low cost and with minimal losses and noise emission. However, the demands regarding cost, power density, NVH-behavior and efficiency are steadily increasing. Demands, which can only be met using modern gearing technologies that allow combining individual materials, heat treatment and manufacturing processes. Particularly in the industrial sector, the requirements for the reliability and service life of the gear units have increased. Therefore, more and more accurate calculation methods are required for the load bearing capacity, life expectancy and failure probability as well as better test methods. This aspect is also becoming more important with regard to Industry 4.0 and Predictive Maintenance. In addition, the potentials of innovative production methods like powder metal sintering, plas...

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23

(Editor), Michiel Steyaert, Arthur H.M. van Roermund (Editor), and Johan H. Huijsing (Editor), eds. Analog Circuit Design: RF Circuits: Wide band, Front-Ends, DAC's, Design Methodology and Verification for RF and Mixed-Signal Systems, Low Power and Low Voltage. Springer, 2006.

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24

Cane, Peter, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Eric C. Ip, and Peter L. Lindseth, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Administrative Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198799986.001.0001.

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In this volume, distinguished experts, and leaders in the field, discuss a wide range of issues in administrative law from a comparative perspective. Administrative law is concerned with the conferral, nature, exercise, and legal control of administrative (or ‘executive’) governmental power. It has close links with other areas of ‘public law’, notably constitutional law and international law. It is of great interest and importance not only to lawyers but also to students of politics, government, and public policy. Studying public law comparatively helps to identify both similarities and differences between the way government power and its control is managed in different countries and legal traditions.

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25

Araújo, Kathleen. Low Carbon Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199362554.001.0001.

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The world is at a pivotal crossroad in energy choices. There is a strong sense that our use of energy must be more sustainable. Moreover, many also broadly agree that a way must be found to rely increasingly on lower carbon energy sources. However, no single or clear solution exists on the means to carry out such a shift at either a national or international level. Traditional energy planning (when done) has revolved around limited cost projections that often fail to take longer term evidence and interactions of a wider set of factors into account. The good news is that evidence does exist on such change in case studies of different nations shifting toward low-carbon energy approaches. In fact, such shifts can occur quite quickly at times, alongside industrial and societal advance, innovation, and policy learning. These types of insights will be important for informing energy debates and decision-making going forward. Low Carbon Energy Transitions: Turning Points in National Policy and Innovation takes an in-depth look at four energy transitions that have occurred since the global oil crisis of 1973: Brazilian biofuels, Danish wind power, French nuclear power, and Icelandic geothermal energy. With these cases, Dr. Araújo argues that significant nationwide shifts to low-carbon energy can occur in under fifteen years, and that technological complexity is not necessarily a major impediment to such shifts. Dr. Araújo draws on more than five years of research, and interviews with over 120 different scientists, government workers, academics, and members of civil society in completing this study. Low Carbon Energy Transitions is written for for professionals in energy, the environment and policy as well as for students and citizens who are interested in critical decisions about energy sustainability. Technology briefings are provided for each of the major technologies in this book, so that scientific and non-scientific readers can engage in more even discussions about the choices that are involved.

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26

Grow, Nathaniel. The Enduring Power of the Sports Broadcasting Act. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.18.

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This chapter examines a little known, but vitally important, statutory antitrust exemption for the U.S. professional sports industry: the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 (SBA). Under the SBA, league-wide television agreements between one of the four major U.S. sports leagues and an over-the-air broadcast network are immune from challenge under federal antitrust law. As a result, the SBA has played a significant role in shaping the way in which sports are broadcast in the United States today. At the same time, because sports leagues value the protection afforded by the SBA, the threat of repealing the statute has also intermittently given Congress the leverage needed to challenge various league activities that were viewed as harmful to the public interest. Thus, the SBA continues to play an important role in helping to shape professional-sports-related public policy in the United States today.

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27

Elliott, Mark, and Robert Thomas. Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198836742.001.0001.

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Public Law is an advanced text that comprehensively covers the key topics in the field of public law. The book presents an analysis of the law and institutions of public law, and places the legal issues within the wider socio-political context within which the constitution operates. Three key themes that permeate the content allow readers to approach the subject in a structured way. The key themes are the significance of executive power in the contemporary constitution and the challenge of ensuring that those who wield it are held to account, the shift in recent times from a political to a more legal constitution and the implications of this change, and the increasingly ‘multilayered’ character of the British constitution.

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28

Elliott, Mark, and Robert Thomas. Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198765899.001.0001.

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Public Law is an advanced text that comprehensively covers the key topics in the field of public law. The book presents an analysis of the law and institutions of public law, and places the legal issues within the wider socio-political context within which the constitution operates. Three key themes that permeate the content allow readers to approach the subject in a structured way. The key themes are the significance of executive power in the contemporary constitution and the challenge of ensuring that those who wield it are held to account, the shift in recent times from a political to a more legal constitution and the implications of this change, and the increasingly ‘multilayered’ character of the British constitution.

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29

Alison, Bisset. Part II The Right to Know, B Commissions of Inquiry, Principle 8 Definition of a Commission’s Terms of Reference. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0012.

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Principle 8 provides for the creation of strong commissions with clear terms of reference that ensure delineation between their role and that of courts. However, it offers no guidance on how to coordinate the proceedings of commissions. Indeed, the Principle’s stipulations that commissions should possess quasi-judicial powers and the abilities to investigate all violations increases the likelihood of overlap in investigations and, therefore, the potential for operational tension. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 8 before discussing its theoretical framework and how the requirements of Principle 8 are reflected in modern practice. It highlights the practical difficulties associated with endowing commissions with wide mandates and truth-seeking powers, where there are also efforts to pursue criminal justice, by citing the experiences of South Africa, East Timor and Sierra Leone.

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30

Lloyd, Ian J. Information Technology Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787556.001.0001.

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Information Technology Law provides a thorough account of information technology (IT) law. The volume looks at the subject in a wide context, examining the legal response to the latest IT-related developments within society, bringing the law to life and examining how legal issues in IT can affect everyone. This title considers issues in IT law on European and international scales, providing a realistic overview of how the law in this area operates globally and encouraging further thought and investigation about the current issues within IT law. The eighth edition covers major new legislation in this field, including the Investigatory Powers Bill and its proposed impact and scope; the rise in online fraud in the context of the Computer Misuse Act; discussion of personal data in the light of recent high-profile security breaches and new EU directives; new legislation introduced in response to the issue of revenge pornography; updated coverage of patent law, copy protection, and digital rights management; discussion of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 with regards to digital products and content; and consideration of new cases in all areas of the law.

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31

Gross, Elena, and Raymond Boadi Frempong. Socioeconomic and cultural drivers of women’s formal work in rural Ghana. 22nd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/956-3.

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We study socioeconomic indicators of female labour force participation in off-farm formal employment in a subsistence agriculture setting in northern Ghana, where a new commercial farm provides a positive demand shock for low-skilled labour. We use a set of quantitative and qualitative data examining determinants of female labour force participation, the social effects arising from it, and the influence on female decision-making power in their households. In line with other micro-studies, we find that education is not a driver of female labour participation in low-skilled jobs. Women from wealthier households and those with young children have a significantly lower probability of starting off-farm work. Polygamy and male dominance reduce women’s labour force participation. Women who earn off-farm income are strengthened in their intra-household decision-making position and can spend more money on themselves.

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32

Eve, Bain. When Some are More Equal than Others. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780198809722.016.0008.

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The equality of parties is a fundamental procedural norm. Investor-state arbitration poses novel challenges to the proper application of this principle, particularly in regulating the presentation of evidence and the exercise of state sovereign authority. While investors and states are nominally equal, there can be a vast discrepancy between their respective coercive and economic power. In light of this, the principle of equality of the parties must be given more substantive content, reflecting true equality of treatment, rather than being limited to a strict notion of formal equality. This chapter argues that arbitral tribunals should have regard to wider considerations as part of the inherent power and duty to safeguard the integrity of their proceedings, and to ensure procedural equality.

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33

Chan, Steve. Progress in the Democratic Peace Research Agenda. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.280.

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According to the democratic peace theory, democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies. Contrary to theories explaining war engagement, it is a “theory of peace” outlining motives that dissuade state-sponsored violence. The proposition that democracies are more peaceful than autocracies has spawned a huge literature. Much of the relevant quantitative research has shown that democracies indeed rarely, if ever, fight each other, although they are not necessarily less aggressive than autocracies in general. Although, statistically, the probability of war between any two states is considerably low, the absence of war among liberal democracies across a wide range of different historical, economic, and political factors suggests that there is a strong predisposition against the use of military violence between democratic states. According to scholars, the democratic peace theory can elaborate on the empirical phenomena previously explained by the earlier dominant research program, realism in international relations; in addition, the initial statement that democracies do not, or rarely, wage war on one another, has been followed by a rapidly growing literature on novel empirical regularities. This democratic peace proposition not only challenges the validity of other political systems, but also the prevailing realist account of international relations, which emphasizes balance-of-power calculations and common strategic interests.

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34

Curtis A, Bradley. International Law in the US Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780197525609.001.0001.

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International Law in the U.S. Legal System provides a wide-ranging overview of how international law intersects with the domestic legal system of the United States, and points out various unresolved issues and areas of controversy. Curtis Bradley explains the structure of the U.S. legal system and the various separation of powers and federalism considerations implicated by this structure, especially as these considerations relate to the conduct of foreign affairs. Against this backdrop, he covers all of the principal forms of international law: treaties, executive agreements, decisions and orders of international institutions, customary international law, and jus cogens norms. He also explores a number of issues that are implicated by the intersection of U.S. law and international law, such as treaty withdrawal, foreign sovereign immunity, international human rights litigation, war powers, extradition, and extraterritoriality. This book highlights recent decisions and events relating to the topic, including various actions taken during the Trump administration, while also taking into account relevant historical materials, including materials relating to the U.S. Constitutional Founding. Written by one of the most cited international law scholars in the United States, the book is a resource for lawyers, law students, legal scholars, and judges from around the world.

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35

Lobo, Ben. Advance decisions to refuse treatment and the impact of wider legislation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0009.

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This chapter provides insight into practice and legislative changes that relates to advance decisions to refuse treatment and advance care planning (ACP) for end of life. It sets this in the context of the Medical Control Agency (MCA) which provides the legal framework In England and Wales. The chapter explore aspects of the impact of this legislation including Lasting Power of Attorney, and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards, the role of the Office of the Public Guardian and Court of Protection. Case law examples are given relating to decisions on mental capacity and best interests decisions including life sustaining treatment. Also discussed are: ADRT and children; decisions relating to CPR; assisted suicide, legal challenges and reform. The chapter concludes with a reflection on dilemmas that persists. It offers positive suggestions to move forwards, postulating that ACP and advance decisions overall reduce uncertainty and increases the chances of achieving patient-centred outcomes.

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36

Paul, Berman. Book IV Multilateral Diplomacy, Human Rights, and International Organizations, 21 The European Union—I Development, Structure, and Decision-Making. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0021.

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This chapter examines the origins and development of the European Union, its legal framework, and its institutional and decision-making framework. Of all the international and regional arrangements to emerge in the aftermath of the Second World War, the European Union is perhaps the most difficult to classify. More than a classic intergovernmental organization, and less than an embryonic State, the EU’s wide-ranging responsibilities and byzantine structures can make it a challenging prospect for diplomats from within the Union as well as for those engaging with its work from other countries. While the European Union may be classified as an international organization the nature of its powers and procedures mean that it is usually regarded as a sui generis entity. There are a number of elements which taken together distinguish it from other organizations which extend back to the Treaties establishing the original European Communities in the 1950s.

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37

Simon, Gleeson. Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision, 6 Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0006.

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Post-crisis banks are subject to two overlapping authorities: regulatory authority and resolution authority. Both are concerned with the survival of the bank in a crisis, and both have the power to instruct a bank as to how it should structure itself to address that possibility. Total Loss Absorbing Capital (TLAC) is the most significant point of overlap between these two authorities. Viewed from the perspective of a resolution authority, TLAC is simply a name for that proportion of the liabilities of a bank which can be converted into capital in a resolution. However, viewed from the perspective of a prudential supervisor, the TLAC requirement can be viewed as a capital requirement capable of being met with a wider range of instruments than those which qualify as Tier 1 or Tier 2. This chapter discusses TLAC requirements, composition of TLAC, treatment of TLAC holdings by other banks, and the EU's approach to TLAC.

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38

Romsom, Etienne, and Kathryn McPhail. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring: evaluation of the issues. 5th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/939-6.

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Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and gas operations, as well as their emissions and impact on air quality, health, and climate. While global flaring and venting comprise 7.5 per cent of natural gas produced, their combined impact on health and climate (in terms of Social Cost of Atmospheric Release) accounts for 54 per cent. Many low- and middle-income countries are economically dependent on oil and gas production. Most premature deaths from air pollution in 2016 were in developing countries. Most natural gas losses and emissions are avoidable. If all natural gas flared and vented globally is captured and brought to market, it could supply annually more than the total South and Central America gas consumption, plus all of Africa’s power needs. If 75 per cent of these volumes are captured, it provides an additional natural gas sales value of US$36 billion per annum (assuming an average gas price of US$4/MMBtu).

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39

Jonathan, Peddie. Part VI Providing and Obtaining Assistance, A Providing Assistance, 19 Investigations and Remedies under POCA 2002. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198716587.003.0019.

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This chapter considers the means by which financial institutions are most frequently required to provide assistance in the investigation and enforcement process under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA 2002). The powers created under Part 8 of POCA 2002 are very broad and, from a bank’s perspective, some have greater relevance than others. Whilst the technical aspects of orders under Part 8 are considered in some depth in this chapter, many other sources dissect the relevant sections of the Act in greater detail or analyse the wider implications of all aspects of the POCA regime. The purpose of this chapter is to provide insights into the practical application of the legislation within a particular commercial sector. This chapter therefore considers those parts of POCA 2002 which present the greatest challenges for banks and seeks to highlight certain themes and principles which have emerged following its enactment.

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40

McDonald, Iain, and Anne Street. 10. Variation of trusts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815174.003.0010.

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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks.This chapter focuses on the circumstances in which the courts may approve the variation of a trust. A trust may be varied by a power within the trust itself; the collective consent of the beneficiaries; by the court, through its inherent jurisdiction; or by statute. The power of the courts to intervene will depend on whether the variation relates to administrative or managerial matters or a reorganization of the beneficial interests. The Variation of Trusts Act 1958 gives the courts a wide jurisdiction to vary a trust for the benefit of those beneficiaries unable to consent.

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41

De Backer, Charlotte, Liselot Hudders, and Maryanne L. Fisher. Food as a Means for Female Power Struggles. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.45.

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Food often brings to mind diet and health, but it also has important social functions. Food is about so much more than just caloric intake and providing nourishment to oneself and others under one’s care. It signals, for example, care about oneself and others by means of careful planning, preparation, and consumption. After reviewing several perspectives on the social dynamics of food, this chapter connects food to women’s intrasexual competition. Specifically, it addresses how cooking and food intake are self-promotion strategies, not only due to one’s demonstration of an excellent domestic ability to a potential audience but also by boosting one’s physical attractiveness via controlling food intake. While there exists little direct, empirical evidence on the relationship between interpersonal competition and food preparation and consumption, research from a wide array of topics offers support. The chapter closes with numerous directions for future research in the area of food studies.

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42

Rez, Peter. Electrical Power Generation: Hydroelectricity, Tides and Pumped Storage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0008.

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Hydroelectricity already contributes to electrical supply in places where it can. What are needed are rivers with adequate flow that can be dammed to provide a significant vertical drop. These are usually found in mountainous regions where runoff from snowmelt provides adequate water supply. Renewables such as solar and wind have low power densities. That means large areas will be needed to meet the electrical energy needs of cities in developed countries. The other problem is that they do not supply power when it is needed. Energy can be stored by pumping water uphill into a reservoir at a higher elevation. All the energy needs of a desert city can be met with solar in places where every day is sunny. Low-density development means there is enough roof area, and there are elevation differences for pumped storage. There are not many places in the world that meet all these conditions.

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43

Davidson, Michael R., Fredrich Kahrl, and Valerie J. Karplus. Towards a Political Economy Framework for Wind Power. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0013.

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The authors propose a general taxonomy of the political economy challenges to wind power development and integration, highlighting the implications in terms of actors, interests, and risks. Applying this framework to three functions in China’s electricity sector—planning and project approval, generator cost recovery, and balancing area coordination—the authors find evidence of challenges common across countries with significant wind investments, despite institutional and industry characteristics that are unique to China. The authors argue that resolving these political economy challenges is as important to facilitating the role of wind and other renewable energies in a low-carbon energy transition as providing dedicated technical and energy policy support. China is no exception.

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44

Nick, Gallus. The Temporal Jurisdiction of International Tribunals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198791676.001.0001.

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The period of an international tribunal’s temporal jurisdiction is the span of time during which an act must have occurred before the tribunal may consider if the act breached an obligation. There are many questions concerning this particular aspect of an international tribunal’s jurisdiction. Does a tribunal have power over acts that occurred after the entry into force of the obligation allegedly breached but before the tribunal’s jurisdiction was accepted? What about acts that began before the tribunal’s jurisdiction was accepted but continued after? To what extent can acts before the period of the tribunal’s jurisdiction affect its decision on whether or not there is a breach through acts afterwards?This book examines these questions in depth. Despite its importance, the temporal jurisdiction of international tribunals is not well understood. Tribunals often confuse different aspects of their jurisdiction and refuse to hear cases they should have heard, or agree to hear cases they should not. This book reduces this confusion by clarifying the different limits on the temporal jurisdiction of international tribunals and the important distinctions between those limits. The book examines the temporal limits resulting from the entry into force of the obligation allegedly breached, from the acceptance of the tribunal's jurisdiction, and from the period of limitation, as well as the effect of acts that occurred before these limits. The book comprehensively compares decisions from a wide variety of sources including the International Court of Justice Human Rights Courts World Trade Organization panels and investment treaty tribunals. It comments on decisions that arose from some of the most notorious events of the twentieth century including the ‘Katyn Massacre’ of the Second World War the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the ‘forced disappearance’ of American political opponents. It reviews these decisions and identifies common principles that help define the temporal jurisdiction of tribunals to decide breaches of international law.

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45

Ford, Matthew. Weapon of Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190623869.001.0001.

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This book examines Western military technological innovation through the lens of developments in small arms during the twentieth century. These weapons have existed for centuries, appear to have matured only incrementally and might seem unlikely technologies for investigating the trajectory of military–technical change. Their relative simplicity, however, makes it easy to use them to map patterns of innovation within the military–industrial complex. Advanced technologies may have captured the military imagination, offering the possibility of clean and decisive outcomes, but it is the low technologies of the infantryman that can help us develop an appreciation for the dynamics of change. Tracing the path of innovation from battlefield to back office, and from industry to alliance partner, Ford develops insights into the way that small arms are socially constructed. He thereby exposes the mechanics of power across the military–industrial complex. This in turn reveals that shifting power relations between soldiers and scientists, bureaucrats and engineers, have allowed the private sector to exploit infantry status anxiety and shape soldier weapon preferences. Ford's analysis allows us to draw wider conclusions about how military innovation works and what social factors frame Western military purchasing policy, from small arms to more sophisticated and expensive weapons.

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46

Parpworth, Neil. 16. Tribunals, inquiries, and the ombudsmen remedy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198810704.003.0016.

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This chapter begins by distinguishing between tribunals and inquiries. A tribunal is a permanent body that sits periodically, while an inquiry is something which is established on an ad hoc basis. Tribunals are empowered to make decisions that are binding on those parties subject to their jurisdiction; inquiries generally do not have formal decision-making powers. Tribunals are concerned with matters of fact and law, whereas inquiries are concerned with wider policy issues. The discussion then turns to the reform of the tribunal system, the former Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council, the origins of ombudsmen, the Parliamentary Commissioner, ombudsmen of devolved institutions, the Health Service Commissioner, the Local Government Commissioners, ombudsmen and the courts, proposals for a unified Public Service Ombudsman service, and the European Ombudsman.

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47

Keep, Ewart. Current Challenges. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.32.

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This chapter explores the major challenges facing skills policy across the developed world. These include uneven demand for skills, the dangers of over-qualification and poor skills utilisation, occupational change leading to polarised job structures, cuts in public spending and the integration of skills policies into wider economic development and workplace innovation. It argues that traditional models of policy are coming under massive pressure, not last in terms of finding the public money to power them, and that the law of diminishing returns is starting to bite as over-supply meets congested occupational labour markets. As a result, there are now divergent policy pathways, with some countries continuing with traditional supply-led models, while others are devoting far more attention to how to boost demand for education and training and improve skill utilisation and productivity. The days of the traditional human capital accumulation model may be numbered.

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Clements, Richard, and Ademola Abass. Complete Equity and Trusts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787549.001.0001.

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Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource.This book deals with the emergence of equity and how it differs from the common law. The trust concept is explained and the different types of trust that exist outlined. These include resulting, constructive, and charitable trusts. Trusts must obey certain basic rules such as legal formalities and the three certainties of intention, subject matter, and the need for a beneficiary. There are exceptions to these strict rules, such as proprietary estoppel and certain gifts made upon death, for example secret trusts and donatio mortis causa. The office of trustee is considered, including the methods of appointment; their powers of maintenance, advancement, variation, and investment; and the fiduciary nature of their office. Equitable remedies, such as injunctions, specific performance, and tracing are included. The use of constructive trusts in cohabitation disputes is analysed.

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Gillespie, Alisdair, and Siobhan Weare. The English Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198830900.001.0001.

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The English Legal System presents the main areas of the legal system and encourages a critique of the wider aspects of how law is made and reformed. The book is structured in five parts. Part I looks at the sources of law including domestic and international sources. Part II looks at the courts and the practitioners. It considers the structure of the courts and tribunals, judges and judicial independence, and the legal professions. Part III examines the criminal justice system. It begins by looking at police powers and the decision to charge and prosecute a suspect. It describes issues related to lay justice, trials, and criminal appeals, including access to justice and legal aid. The next part is about the civil justice system. It looks at civil litigation, remedies, appeals and alternative dispute resolution, as well as the funding of civil litigation. The final part looks to the future.

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Concha Cantú, Hugo A., Miguel Ángel Lara Otaola, and Jesús Orozco Henríquez. Towards a Global Index of Electoral Justice: International IDEA Discussion Paper 2/2020. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, and Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.29.

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Globally, a wide variety of indices and indicators evaluate and provide information on different aspects of democracy and electoral procedures. On the one hand, there are indices that measure the quality of democracy and its resilience over time, focusing on building blocks such as the existence of representative governments, civil and political rights and necessary power limits. Other indices evaluate the quality of elections and specific aspects, such as voter registration, campaign financing and the performance of electoral authorities. Finally, others evaluate rule of law and access to justice. However, none of these indices focuses on the dimension of electoral justice, understood as the means and procedural mechanisms that guarantee free and fair elections, carried out in accordance with the law, and that guarantee the exercise and fulfilment of political rights. This is about to change. International IDEA, with the support of the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary of Mexico, makes an unprecedented proposal for the construction of a Global Index dedicated exclusively to electoral justice. This document includes a measurement proposal with normative design, process and result indicators, which will offer useful and comparative information on the electoral conflict resolution system of a given country or countries. It will provide comparative knowledge on electoral processes and institutions from around the world and assess the quality of their electoral justice.

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