Journal articles: 'Low power high-speed links'

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Statkus, Arūnas, Šarūnas Paulikas, and Audrius Krukonis. "TCP Acknowledgment Optimization in Low Power and Embedded Devices." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060639.

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Paper investigates transport control protocol (TCP) acknowledgment (ACK) optimization in low power or embedded devices to improve their performance on high-speed links by limiting the ACK rate. Today the dominant protocol for interconnecting network devices is the TCP and it has a great influence on the entire network operation if the processing power of network devices is exhausted to the processing data from the TCP stack. Therefore, on high-speed not congested networks the bottleneck is no longer the network link but low-processing power network devices. A new ACK optimization algorithm has been developed and implemented in the Linux kernel. Proposed TCP stack modification minimizes the unneeded technical expenditure from TCP flow by reducing the number of ACKs. The results of performed experiments show that TCP ACK rate limiting leads to the noticeable decrease of CPU utilization on low power devices and an increase of TCP session throughput but does not impact other TCP QoS parameters, such as session stability, flow control, connection management, congestion control or compromises link security. Therefore, more resources of the low-power network devices could be allocated for high-speed data transfer.

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Khitrov, Andrei, and Alexander Khitrov. "Electrical subsystem of the low-power cogeneration plant with low-speed vehicle." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 8, 2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol2.852.

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Nowadays diesel power plants form the basis of distributed power generation in Russia, but they have disadvantages. The alternative variant is cogeneration plant based on the rotary-vane machine. One of the types of such machines is the rotary-vane external combustion vehicle (engine) developed in Pskov State University. Electrical subsystem of the plant requires its effective work to provide both start and generation modes. Development of such subsystem structure, employment of elements for links with other subsystems in the hierarchic control system is an actual task. The paper considers structures of the electrical part of the plant, simulation and experiment results.

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Ali, Luqman Sufer, and Asmaa Salim Mayoof. "Design of Current Mode MTCMOS Sense Amplifier with Low Power and High Speed." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.2.11.

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This paper involved the design and analysis of multi-threshold voltage CMOS (MTCMOS) current sense amplifier focusing on optimizing power and time delay. In this work the basic 6T SRAM structure was chosen and the simulation is implemented using ADS programs. The key to low power operation in the SRAM data path is to reduce the signal swings on the bit lines and the data lines. The power dissipation and delay of the sense amplifier circuit can be further reduced by using several low power and high speed techniques like MTCMOS. This technique can be used for solving the leakage power dissipation problem in the higher technology design. Simulated results show the current mode sense amplifier with MTCMOS technology has 0.82ns time delay and 0.395μW power dissipation. The designs and simulations in 0.25μm CMOS technology with supply voltage equal to 1.8 V have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the current mode sense amplifier with MTCMOS technique proposed.

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Lyashenko, Yu, and A. Prudiy. "RESEARCH INTO THE IMPACT OF ROAD POWER ENERGY SYSTEM MECHANICAL CONVERTER LINKS MOTION ON GENERATOR OPERATION." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 21, no. 3 (2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power210305.

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Currently, alternative energy sources are used to economize. They provide autonomous power supply for the electrical receivers. One of the solutions in the field of alternative generation for lighting and power supply to low-power electrical receivers is to use road power energy systems. It is integrated as speed breakers and has an electromechanical generator converting a car speed energy into electrical energy. The paper considers the developed road power energy system with a rocker rod gear used to convert the forward movement to rota-tional movement. The study concentrates on the influence the acting force converter mechanism links movement have on the operation of road power energy system generator. The paper analyzes the operation of mechanisms with various crank arm lengths with preset speed and size parameters. The influence of the crank arm length on the motion path and speed of rocker arm was determined. The analysis showed that the100 and 150 mm crank arm lengths provide for the site with proportional speed rate of motion rocker arm. The100 mm crank arm was selected for future research. It allows building a system with a minimal size possible.

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Traversi, G., S. Bonacini, F. De Canio, L. Gaioni, K. Kloukinas, M. Manghisoni, L. Ratti, and V. Re. "Design of low-power, low-voltage, differential I/O links for High Energy Physics applications." Journal of Instrumentation 10, no. 01 (January 29, 2015): C01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/01/c01055.

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Ayachi, Riadh, Ayoub Mhaouch, and Abdessalem Ben Abdelali. "Lightweight Cryptography for Network-on-Chip Data Encryption." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943713.

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System-on-chip (SoC) is the main processor for most recent applications such as the Internet of things (IoT). SoCs are composed of multiple blocks that communicate with each other through an integrated router. Data routing from a block to another poses many challenges. The network-on-chip (NoC) was used for the transmission of data from a source to a destination with high reliability, high speed, low power consumption, and low hardware occupation. An NoC is composed of a router, network links (NL), and network interface (NI). The main component of the NoC, the NI, is composed of an input/output FIFO, a finite state machine (FSM), pack, and depack modules. Data transmission from a block to another poses a security problem such as secret information extraction. In this paper, we proposed a data encryption framework for NoC based on a light encryption device (LED) algorithm. The main advantages of the proposed algorithm are to reduce the implementation area and to achieve high speed while reducing the power consumption. The proposed encryption framework was simulated Verilog/VHDL on the Xilinx ISE and implemented on the Xilinx Virtex 5 XC5VFX200T. The obtained results have shown that the proposed framework has a smaller area and higher speed compared to existing works. The proposed algorithm has reduced the NI implementation area and enhanced the network performance in terms of speed and security.

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Qu, Zhi Jian, and Li Liu. "Real-Time Database System Implementation of Railway Signal Power Source Remote Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.961.

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Railway signal is a key technology for high-speed railway，which is the foundation to keep the high-speed train line. Railway signal power is the automatic blocking of railway lines and 10kV lines transform into 380V power through after the power supply for railway signals. Signal power as the railway traffic signal of the power supply, it belongs to the first level of power system load. Its 10kV high voltage side stik up by the major of electric, 380V low voltage side maintenance by the signal major. When the signal power failure, often occur shirk responsibilities between the different majors, in order to define the responsibilities of the accident better, which need automation remote monitoring for main railway lines of the railway signal power and scheduling control as soon as possible[1-3].

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Chrisey, Douglas B., and Arun Inam. "Pulsed Laser Deposition of High Tc Superconducting Thin Films for Electronic Device Applications." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 2 (February 1992): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400040604.

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The discovery of high transition temperature, Tc, superconductivity in copperoxide-based ceramics by Bednörz and Miiller, and the subsequent increase in Tc above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K), renewed interest in employing superconducting thin films in high-speed, low-power electronic device applications (e.g., compact high-quality factor filters, delay lines, and Josephson elements for high-speed, low-power switching). However, realization of these benefits requires well-controlled, reliable superconducting thin film technology which addresses not only the growth of superconducting thin films, but also the development of a multilayer device technology encompassing materials with metallic, semiconducting, and insulating properties.

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Ulusoy, Ahmet Çağrı, Gang Liu, Andreas Trasser, and Hermann Schumacher. "Hardware efficient receiver for low-cost ultra-high rate 60 GHz wireless communications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 2 (March 3, 2011): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000110.

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This paper presents a hardware efficient receiver architecture, to be used in low-cost, ultra-high rate 60 GHz wireless communication systems. The receiver utilizes a simple, feed-forward carrier recovery concept, performing phase and frequency synchronization in the analog domain. This enables 1-bit baseband processing without a need of ultra-high speed and high precision analog-to-digital conversion, offering a strong simplification of the system architecture and comparatively low power consumption. In a first prototype implementation, the receiver is realized in a low-cost SiGe technology as two separate ICs: the 60 GHz/5 GHz downconverter, and the intermediate frequency synchronous demodulator. The simple synchronous reception concept is experimentally validated for up to 3.5 Gbit/s data rate, which constituted the limit of the existing experimental setup. Furthermore, the downconverter demonstrates that low-cost technologies (fop/fmax ~ 0.75) can be used to realize short-range data links at 60 GHz, with low-noise amplifiers in a more performant technology as needed.

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Ophir, Noam, Christopher Mineo, David Mountain, and Keren Bergman. "Silicon Photonic Microring Links for High-Bandwidth-Density, Low-Power Chip I/O." IEEE Micro 33, no. 1 (January 2013): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2013.1.

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ZHOU, K., J. R. GUO, C. YOU, J. MAYEGA, R. P. KRAFT, T. ZHANG, J. F. McDONALD, and B. S. GODA. "MULTI-GHzSiGe BiCMOS FPGAs WITH NEW ARCHITECTURE AND NOVEL POWER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 02 (April 2005): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002234.

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The availability of Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) devices has opened a door for GHz Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).1,2 The integration of high-speed SiGe HBTs and low-power CMOS gives a significant speed advantage to SiGe FPGAs over CMOS FPGAs. In the past, high static power consumption discouraged the pursuit of bipolar FPGAs from being scaled up significantly. This paper details new ideas to reduce power in designing high-speed SiGe BiCMOS FPGAs. The paper explains new methods to reduce circuitry and utilize a novel power management scheme to achieve a flexible trade-off between power consumption and circuit speed. In addition, new decoding logic is developed with shared address and data lines. A SiGe FPGA test chip based on the Xilinx 6200 architecture has been fabricated for demonstration.

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Zhang, David C., Madhavan Swaminathan, Arijit Raychowdhury, and David Keezer. "Enhancing the Bandwidth of Low-Dropout Regulators Using Power Transmission Lines for High-Speed I/Os." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 7, no. 4 (April 2017): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2017.2655002.

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Kumar Y, L. V. Santosh. "Design and Implementation of SAR-ADC for Medical Electronic Applications." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 5 (June 2, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i5.665.

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in today’s advance electronic and communication systems the role of high accuracy analog to digital converters are of great importance. Nowadays, a larger percentage of mixed-signal applications requires for health care systems. Also the speed of the chosen ADC design matters a lot as we are connected with the real world signals. SAR based ADC will provides us a better solution for various analog to digital systems. It is an essential device whenever data from the analog world, through sensors or transducers, should be digitally processed or when transmitting data between chips through either long-range wireless links or high-speed transmission between chips on the same printed circuit board. The paper projects up down and ring counter as a logic for successive approximation register (SAR logic for a ADC that is one of the best suited for low power. Here the resolution is of 4-bit and a power consumption of few milli watts. SAR ADC is implemented in 45 nm nano-meter scaling technology CMOS technology with a power supply of 0.5v by maintaining 4:1 w/l ratio.

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Yan, Xinda, Yuzhe Wang, Chao Li, Fan Li, Zizheng Cao, and Eduward Tangdiongga. "Two-Stage Link Loss Optimization of Divergent Gaussian Beams for Narrow Field-of-View Receivers in Line-of-Sight Indoor Downlink Optical Wireless Communication (Invited)." Photonics 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070815.

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The predominant focus of research in high-speed optical wireless communication (OWC) lies in line-of-sight (LOS) links with narrow infrared beams. However, the implementation of precise tracking and steering necessitates delicate active devices, thereby presenting a formidable challenge in establishing a cost-effective wireless transmission. Other than using none-line-of-sight (NLOS) links with excessive link losses and multi-path distortions, the simplification of the tracking and steering process can be alternatively achieved through the utilization of divergent optical beams in LOS. This paper addresses the issue by relaxing the stringent link budget associated with divergent Gaussian-shaped optical beams and narrow field-of-view (FOV) receivers in LOS OWC through the independent optimization of geometrical path loss and fiber coupling loss. More importantly, the geometrical path loss is effectively mitigated by modifying the transverse intensity distribution of the optical beam using manipulations of multi-mode fibers (MMFs) in an all-fiber configuration. In addition, the sufficiently excited higher order modes (HOMs) of MMFs enable a homogenized distribution of received optical powers (ROPs) within the coverage area, which facilitates the mobility of end-users. Comparative analysis against back-to-back links without free-space transmission demonstrates the proposed scheme’s ability to achieve low power penalties. With the minimized link losses, experimental results demonstrate a 10 Gbps error-free (BER < 10−13) LOS OWC downlink transmission at 2.5 m over an angular range of 10° × 10° without using any optical pre-amplifications at a typical PIN receiver. The proposed scheme provides a simple and low-cost solution for high-speed and short-range indoor wireless applications.

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Dougakiuchi, Tatsuo, and Naota Akikusa. "Application of High-Speed Quantum Cascade Detectors for Mid-Infrared, Broadband, High-Resolution Spectroscopy." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175706.

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Broadband, high-resolution, heterodyne, mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy was performed with a high-speed quantum cascade (QC) detector. By strictly reducing the device capacitance and inductance via air-bridge wiring and a small mesa structure, a 3-dB frequency response over 20 GHz was obtained for the QC detector, which had a 4.6-μm peak wavelength response. In addition to the high-speed, it exhibited low noise characteristics limited only by Johnson–Nyquist noise, bias-free operation without cooling, and photoresponse linearity over a wide dynamic range. In the detector characterization, the noise-equivalent power was 7.7 × 10−11 W/Hz1/2 at 4.6 μm, and it had good photoresponse linearity up to 250 mW, with respect to the input light power. Broadband and high-accuracy molecular spectroscopy based on heterodyne detection was demonstrated by means of two distributed-feedback 4.5-μm QC lasers. Specifically, several nitrous oxide absorption lines were acquired over a wavelength range of 0.8 cm−1 with the wide-band QC detector.

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Zhu, Chen, Huatao Zhao, Tinghuan Chen, and Tianbo Zhu. "A low latency and high efficient three-dimension Network-on-Chip based on hierarchical structure." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400619.

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Currently, the majority of the Network-on-Chip (NoC) researches are based on 2D algorithm or simple 3D structure. However, the congestion and faulty links in the topology can increase the latency and power consumption. In this paper, the authors try to build a novel 3D topology based on hierarchical structure and TSV links which can reduce the latency and power consumption by decreasing the hops during the process of passing the packets. We employ the C++ tool to test our method, and the results show that the performance can be improved about 21%–36% in throughput, also 3%–11% in latency.

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Ali, Rehab, Hossameldin Eassa, Hesham H. Aly, Mohamed Abaza, and Saleh M. Eisa. "Low Power FPGA Implementation of a Smart Building Free Space Optical Communication System." Photonics 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060432.

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Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems have extensively invaded the speed of smart city evolution due to the current surge in demand for wireless communication spots that can match recent challenges due to high technical leaps in smart city evolution. As the number of users is vastly increasing throughout all networks in the form of machines, devices, and variously distinct objects, FSO is a hugely recommended robust communication system that mitigates a lot of RF disadvantages on the field with no need for licensing, fast rollout time, and low cost. This paper shows an exploit of a Low Power Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based FSO communication system designed for Line of Sight (LOS) Building to Building Communication over a distance of 12 m using a 650 nm Visible Light (VL) red laser source via On-Off Keying (OOK) and higher-level Intensity Modulation (IM)/Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) schemes. The implemented system reached a doubled data rate than OOK of 230 kbps using the IM technique. Traffic monitoring and building security status can be frequently updated between adherent buildings, each scanning its zone real-time conditions and sharing them with the neighboring links.

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Balal, Yael, Monika Pinchas, and Yosef Pinhasi. "Constant Envelope Modulation Techniques for Limited Power Millimeter Wave Links." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121521.

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The demand for increased capacity and link availability for mobile communications requires the utilization of higher frequencies, such as millimeter waves at extremely high frequencies (EHFs) above 30 GHz. In this regime of frequencies, the waves are subjected to high atmospheric attenuation and dispersion effects that lead to a degradation in communication reliability. The fact that solid-state millimeter and sub-millimeter wave sources are producing low power calls for effective signaling utilizing waveforms with a low peak to average power ratio (PAPR), such as constant envelope (CE) modulation. The CE techniques present a PAPR of 0 dB resulting in peak power transmission with high energy efficiency. The study of the performances of constant envelope orthogonal modulation techniques in the presence of co-channel interference is presented. The performance is evaluated in terms of the average symbol error rate (SER) using analytical results and simulations. The theory is carried out for the CE-M-ary time orthogonal (CE-MTO) and CE-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-OFDM), demonstrating comparable performances while leading to a simpler implementation than that of the CE-OFDM.

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Nourildean, Shayma Wail, Mustafa Dhia Hassib, and Yousra Abd Mohammed. "Internet of things based wireless sensor network: a review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp246-261.

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Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are developing technology with a variety of applications. The Internet of Things (IoTs) is defined as a network of ordinary objects such as Internet TVs, smartphones, actuators and sensors that are smartly connected together to enable new types of communication between people and things as well as between things themselves. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an important part in Internet of Things (IoT) technology. A contribution to wireless sensor networks and IoT applications is wireless sensor nodes’ construction with high-speed CPUs and low-power radio links. The IoT-based wireless Sensor network (WSN) is a game-changing smart monitoring solution. ZigBee standard is an important wireless sensor network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocol in order to facilitate low-power, low-cost IoT applications and to handle numerous network topologies. This paper presented a review on the energy efficient and routing topologies of ZigBee WSN, applications of IoT enabled Wireless Sensor Network as well IoT WSN security challenges.

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Foziya, Lone, and Er Ritesh Kumar Ojha. "A Novel Design for Low-Power, High Performance and Space Efficient Address Decoder for SRAM." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41407.

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Abstract: We discover the optimum decoder structure for fast low-power SRAMS. The results are ideal when the decoder is designed as a binary tree without the precoder. We find that skewed circuits with self-resetting gates work well, and we explore some basic scaling algorithms for minimal delay and power in the SRAM data path. Signal oscillations on high capacitance nodes like bit lines and data lines are decreased, resulting in low power operation. Clocked voltage sense amplifiers are required for low sensing power, and accurate construction of their sense clock is required for high-speed operation. By restricting bit line and NO line swings, we examine tracking circuits to aid in the development of the sense clock and allow timed sense amplifiers. The tracking circuits successfully use a replica memory cell and a replica bit line to track the memory cell's delay throughout a wide variety of manufacturing and operating conditions. The results of two different prototypes' experiments are reported. Finally, we investigate the speed and power development trends of SRAMs as a function of size and technology, discovering that if the connection delay is negligible, the SRAM delay grows as the logarithm of its size. Wire delay becomes increasingly important for SRAMs after the fifth generation. The wire delay worsens as the process shrinks, requiring wire redesign to keep the wire delay proportionate to the gate delay. Hierarchical SRAM topologies provide enough of array space for fat Wires and may be used to control time. Throughout the procedure, the wire delay for 4Mb and smaller designs diminishes. Keywords: SRAMs, High Performance, Delay, Clock, Decoder

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Jiang, Jianfei, Zhigang Mao, Weiguang Sheng, Qin Wang, and Weifeng He. "Delay Analysis and Design Optimization for Low-Swing RC-Limited Global Interconnects." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 10 (July 22, 2016): 1650121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501218.

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On-chip global interconnects are becoming speed and power bottlenecks in state-of-the-art chips. Low-swing signaling is used to improve delay performance and reduce power consumption. This paper first performs a delay analysis for different low-swing circuits based on the Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE). In addition, new delay metrics are presented and analyzed. The new delay metrics demonstrate that optimal designs can be obtained in low-swing signaling. To verify our analysis, a simulation environment is established. The simulation results indicate that the optimal designs can increase the 3[Formula: see text]dB bandwidth of a wire by more than 40% in resistively driven or capacitively driven 10[Formula: see text]mm global links. Thus, these optimal design methods can effectively improve the bandwidth of global wires.

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Kehayas, Nikolaos. "Earth-to-space and high-speed “air” transportation: an aerospaceplane design." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2017-0196.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to attempt an aerospaceplane design with the objective of Low-Earth-Orbit-and-Return-to-Earth (LEOARTE) under the constraints of safety, low cost, reliability, low maintenance, aircraft-like operation and environmental compatibility. Along the same lines, a “sister” point-to-point flight on Earth Suborbital Aerospaceplane is proposed. Design/methodology/approach The LEOARTE aerospaceplane is based on a simple design, proven low risk technology, a small payload, an aerodynamic solution to re-entry heating, the high-speed phase of the outgoing flight taking place outside the atmosphere, a propulsion system comprising turbojet and rocket engines, an Air Collection and Enrichment System (ACES) and an appropriate mission profile. Findings It was found that a LEOARTE aerospaceplane design subject to the specified constraints with a cost as low as 950 United States Dollars (US$) per kilogram into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) might be feasible. As indicated by a case study, a LEOARTE aerospaceplane could lead, among other activities in space, to economically viable Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP). Its “sister” Suborbital aerospaceplane design could provide high-speed, point-to-point flights on the Earth. Practical implications The proposed LEOARTE aerospaceplane design renders space exploitation affordable and is much safer than ever before. Originality/value This paper provides an alternative approach to aerospaceplane design as a result of a new aerodynamically oriented Thermal Protection System (TPS) and a, perhaps, improved ACES. This approach might initiate widespread exploitation of space and offer a solution to the high-speed “air” transportation issue.

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Raza Naqvi, Muhammad. "Low power network on chip architectures: A survey." Computer Science and Information Technologies 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v2i3.p158-168.

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Mostly communication now days is done through SoC (system on chip) models so, NoC (network on chip) architecture is most appropriate solution for better performance. However, one of major flaws in this architecture is power consumption. To gain high performance through this type of architecture it is necessary to confirm power consumption while designing this. Use of power should be diminished in every region of network chip architecture. Lasting power consumption can be lessened by reaching alterations in network routers and other devices used to form that network. This research mainly focusses on state-of-the-art methods for designing NoC architecture and techniques to reduce power consumption in those architectures like, network architecture, network links between nodes, network design, and routers.

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Huang, Nan Tian, Xiao Sheng Liu, and Dian Guo Xu. "Review of Channel Characterization for Power Line Communications." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.771.

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The power line communication (PLC) channel has been a transmission medium that enables to transfer high-speed digital data through the classical electrical wires. Channel characteristics of power lines are very important for communications systems design. In order to get the suitable model for power line communications analysis and improve the PLC communication quality, researchers do lots of study about the PLC channel characterizations based on actual measurement and theoretical analysis. This paper reviews the conclusions of recent studies, summaries the characteristics of PLC channel for medium voltage power lines and low voltage power lines. The further research is also put forward.

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Kazerooni, H. "Statically balanced direct drive manipulator." Robotica 7, no. 2 (April 1989): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700005452.

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SUMMARYA practical architecture, using a four-bar-linkage, is considered for the University of Minnesota direct drive rotot. This statically-balanced direct drive robot has been constructed for stability analysis of the robot in constrained maneuvers.2–6 As a result of the elimination of the gravity forces (without any counter weights), smaller actuators and consequently smaller amplifiers were chosen. The motors yield acceleration of 5 g at the robot end point without overheating. High torque, low speed, brush-less AC synchronous motors are used to power the robot. Graphite-epoxy composite material is used for the construction of the robot links. A 4-node parallel processor has been used to control the robot. The dynamic tracking accuracy-with the feedforward torque method as a control law- has been derived experimentally.

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Li, Ming, Pengxin Zhang, and Jiawei Han. "Methods of Atmospheric Coherence Length Measurement." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062980.

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Free-space optical (FSO) communication possesses the advantages of high security, large information capacity, high-speed transmission, small terminal size, low power consumption, easy and flexible deployment, etc. It is a promising communication technique, and could be an alternative to optical fiber communication and traditional radio frequency (RF) communication. One of principal challenges that FSO faces is the susceptibility of the atmospheric channel, which is turbulent in nature. After the optical signals propagate over the atmospheric channel, their wavefronts suffer from deleterious perturbation, thus resulting in degradation in the performance of the FSO. This knowledge with respect to FSO links helps to optimize the system design and reduce the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence. The atmospheric coherence length of FSO links reflects the atmospheric turbulence effects, and it is one of the key parameters of FSO systems. Measuring the atmospheric coherence length, as a result, is of great interest as well as importance to the FSO community. In this paper, several methods associated with atmospheric coherence length measurement are reviewed.

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Zhang, Ji Fang, Wei Liu, and Shi Wei Sun. "Inhibition of Double PWM Welding Power Supply Voltage Fluctuation of the Intermediate Links." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.897.

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Double PWM welding power source can restrain the net side current harmonic. In order to suppress the transient when the intermediate DC link voltage fluctuation, generally adopt the method of increasing capacitor capacity, the disadvantages of this approach are: slow dynamic response, large volume, low service life, high cost of equipment. Therefore put forward a kind of double PWM welding power source based on feed-forward control power, using the power of feed-forward can effectively inhibit the intermediate DC link voltage fluctuation, based on the control method of the power system has a high power factor, good dynamic performance, simple and easy, good application prospect.

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Tripathi, Nachiketa, and Manaswita Bharadwaja. "Psychological empowerment and stress: role of personality and power distance." Journal of Indian Business Research 11, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-06-2018-0163.

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Purpose The negative links between psychological empowerment (PE) and perceived stress may be arguable when evaluated in Indian work settings characterized by socio-cultural values like dependence proneness and high power distance. To explore this possibility, the present study aimed to examine the links between PE at work and perceived stress in the Indian milieu. Potential moderating effects of gender, personality (generalized self-efficacy and Big-5 traits) and power distance on this relationship were also investigated. Design/methodology/approach An experiment with 2 (high PE/low PE) × 2 (male/female) between-subjects design was used on 120 employees from four commercialized banks. PE was manipulated by presenting a work scenario to each participant, where employees experience either high or low PE. Relevant scales were used to measure perceived stress, personality and power distance. Findings PE has a significant negative relationship with perceived stress, thus validating the effectiveness of PE in Indian work settings. Emotional stability and agreeableness are established as significant moderators which enhanced the negative links between PE and perceived stress. Originality/value The current research has uniquely contributed to the limited literature regarding the role of personality in empowerment and its outcomes. Furthermore, it has captured the theoretical and practical underpinnings of the PE-perceived stress link in Indian work-context.

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Yaseen H. Mahmood and Mahamed K. bedewy. "Fabricated of Vertical Axis wind turbine (VAWT) and study the parameter." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 7 (December 23, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i7.464.

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Due to the lack of electric power in areas away from power transmission lines and high prices of conventional fuel due to high pollution. A vertical system is used which depends on wind energy used to rotate a vertical turbine. The system is manufactured from local materials and tested. and study the number of blades with the other characterization of system we found, increasing the torque with increasing the blade of turbine, and increasing the power coefficient with increasing the tip speed ratio and low bitz limit

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Sialm, G., C. Kromer, F. Ellinger, T. Morf, D. Erni, and H. Jackel. "Design of low-power fast VCSEL drivers for high-density links in 90-nm SOI CMOS." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, no. 1 (January 2006): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2005.860893.

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Tiến, Đỗ Văn, and Csaba Rotter. "A CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION FOR A QUEUEING MODEL OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ETHERNET LINKS." Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 37, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/37/4/16126.

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To save energy consumption of Ethernet switches, IEEE has standardized a new energy-efficient operation for Ethernet links with a low-power state and transition mechanisms between the high-power state for transporting traffic and the low-power state.In this paper, we propose a queueing model with the Markov Modulated Compound Poisson Process that is able to characterize backbone packet traffic. We derive a closed-form solution for the stationary distribution of the proposed queueing model. We show that our model can capture an entire system where the transition times are constant.

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Oluyomi Ajibade, Adedayo, llesanmi Banjo Oluwafemi, and Israel Esan Owolabi. "Characterisation of Signal Amplitude-Frequency for Indoor Power Line Communication Channel in the 1 — 30 MHz Broadband Frequencies." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 12, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.12.1.4.

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The transmission of data signals over power lines is a very promising technique for delivering indoor broadband communication services. However, since power grids were originally designed for high-voltage low-frequency signal transmission, there is a frequency mismatch between the power grid and high-frequency data signals. This mismatch poses a challenge to deploying power lines as a communication channel. Although, studies and researches conducted in several countries have made transmission of data over power lines possible, the behaviour and properties of the power grid cannot be generalised. Hence, the need for in-depth experiment and measurement on the suitability and capability of the Nigerian power grid for data transmission is crucial for proper characterising and modelling of the power line communication (PLC) channel. In this paper, we present experimental measurements and results of the effects of frequency variations on the attenuation experienced by broadband high-speed data signals transmitted over the Nigerian indoor power line network.

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Mahmood, Yaseen H., and Mahamed K. Bedewy. "Fabricated of Vertical Axis wind turbine (VAWT) and study the parameter." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 7 (December 22, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i7.918.

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Due to the lack of electric power in areas away from power transmission lines and high prices of conventional fuel due to high pollution. A vertical system is used which depends on wind energy used to rotate a vertical turbine. The system is manufactured from local materials and tested. and study the number of blades with the other characterization of system we found, increasing the torque with increasing the blade of turbine, and increasing the power coefficient with increasing the tip speed ratio and low bitz limit. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.135

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Pokhvala, S., B. Zhilyaev, V. Reshetnyk, and V. Shavlovskij. "Low-resolution spectroscopy of the chromospherically active stars 61 Cyg AB with small telescopes." Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics 4, no. 1-2 (2014): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-1481.4.25-27.

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We carried out high-speed low-resolution spectroscopy of two stars, 61 Cyg A and B with small telescopes. They are known as chromospherically active stars of the K5V (A) and K7V (B) spectral types. These two stars are supposed to have high-powered chromospheres. Spectroscopic monitoring of both stars showed variations of intensity in the Balmer lines and the Mg b triplets at time intervals ranging from seconds to several minutes. From the spectrum data one can find that relative variations in the Hα , Hβ lines and the Mg b triplets are about 1% and the relative power of chromospheric activity about 2 • 10−4.

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Stojković, Jelena, Aleksandra Lekić, and Predrag Stefanov. "Adaptive Control of HVDC Links for Frequency Stability Enhancement in Low-Inertia Systems." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 6162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236162.

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Decarbonization of power systems has put Renewable Energy Sources (RES) at the forefront when it comes to electric power generation. The increasing shares of converter-connected renewable generation cause a decrease of the rotational inertia of the Electric Power System (EPS), and consequently deteriorate the system capability to withstand large load-generation imbalances. Low-inertia systems are subjected to fast and large frequency changes in case of in-feed loss, where the traditional primary frequency control is not sufficient to preserve the frequency stability and to maintain the frequency above the critical value. One possible solution to this rising problem is seen in Fast Frequency Response (FFR) provided by the High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC)-based systems. This paper presents the adaptive FFR control of HVDC-based systems for frequency stability enhancement in the low-inertia system. The EPS is considered as a “black box” and the HVDC response is determined only using the locally measured frequency change. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) was developed and demonstrated to provide faster and more appropriate frequency response compared to the PI controller. The described adaptive HVDC control considers the size of disturbance and the inertia of the power system, and it is verified by simulations on the IEEE 39 bus test system implemented in MATLAB/Simulink for different system configurations and different sizes of disturbance.

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Schultheiss, Oliver C., Olivia S. Schwemmer, and Ksenia Khalaidovski. "Motives and Laterality: Exploring the Links." Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 133–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40750-021-00165-5.

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Abstract Objectives We explored associations between the needs for power, achievement, and affiliation and functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs), guided by three established hypotheses about the nature of these associations. Methods One-hundred-and-seven participants completed picture-story measures of dispositional motives and activity inhibition (AI), a frequent moderator of motive-behavior associations, tasks measuring FCAs (line bisection, chimeric emotional face judgments, turning bias, perceptual and response asymmetries on the Poffenberger task), self-reported laterality preferences (handedness, footedness, ear and eye preference), and interhemispheric interaction (crossed-uncrossed difference). They also completed an experiment manipulating hand contractions (left, right, both, neither) while they worked on a second picture-story motive measure. Results Dispositional power motivation was associated with stronger rightward asymmetry and less interhemispheric transfer in high-AI and stronger leftward asymmetry and more interhemispheric transfer in low-AI individuals. For the affiliation motive, findings were fewer and in the opposite direction of those for the power motive. These findings emerged for men, but not for women. Left- or right-hand contractions led to increases in power and achievement motivation, but not affiliation motivation. Only left-hand contractions led to decreased AI. Conclusions We discuss these findings in the context of sex-dimorphic organizing and activating effects of steroids on motives and laterality.

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Damchi, Yaser, and Ahmadreza Eivazi. "Power Swing and Fault Detection in the Presence of Wind Farms Using Generator Speed Zero-Crossing Moment." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2569810.

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Nowadays, due to the entry of wind power plants into the power systems, which causes changes in the network parameters, power swing detection has become more important. Changes in the wind speed and noncontinuity of the wind power plants lead to changes in the power swing characteristic. Therefore, the impedance seen by the distance relay is changed, and so the maloperation of the relay during the stable power swing may occur. This paper proposes a new method to detect power fluctuations based on the synchronous generator speed while it is independent of the network parameters. Based on the proposed method, the generator speed at any moment does not pass through zero during the stable power swing. In contrast, it passes through zero by occurring fault types with high and low fault resistance, fault types during power swing, and an unstable power swing. Therefore, the method prevents maloperation of distance protection. It is worth noting that the proposed method is applicable for distance protection in any power system with and without wind power plants, such as in the distance protection of compensated transmission lines. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method detects power fluctuations in a short time.

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Chaudhary, Sushank, Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij, Jamel Nebhen, Abhishek Sharma, Demostenes Zegarra Rodriguez, and Santosh Kumar. "Terabyte capacity-enabled (10 x 400 Gbps) Is-OWC system for long-haul communication by incorporating dual polarization quadrature phase shift key and mode division multiplexing scheme." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): e0265044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265044.

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Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (Is-OWC) links can become promising solutions to realize the next-generation high-speed communication services. The operation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems can be improved with the use of Is-OWC links through ranging and communication services. However, the key challenge in Inter-satellite link (ISL) is its effective range which is limited due to pointing errors. In this work, we propose to develop a high-capacity and long-reach Is-OWC link by incorporating hybrid mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) schemes to transmit ten independent channels over 40000kms Is-OWC link. Each channel is capable of carrying 400Gbps data which is encoded by the dual polarization quadrature phase shift key technique with required signal to noise ratio (SNR) and received power. The proposed Is-OWC link satisfies the enhanced communication within Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The proposed Is-OWC is further evaluated under the impact of space turbulences, particularly transmitter and receiver pointing errors. The result reported that the proposed Is-OWC link can transmit 4Tbps data over 16000kms with the transmitter pointing error of 2μrad and receiver pointing error of 1μrad.

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Wu, D., W. Fu, H. Wu, and M. Feng. "Cryogenic VCSEL microwave-optical model for laser frequency response prediction and e–h recombination lifetime analysis." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 22 (December 14, 2022): 223101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127575.

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Cryogenic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for high-speed computing and energy-efficient data links have recently received considerable interest due to the microcavity laser bandwidth enhancement at low operating power. In this work, microwave on-wafer measurements of VCSELs for frequencies up to 50 GHz are performed over temperatures down to 82 K. Subsequently, we applied parasitic de-embedding techniques to develop a microwave-optical laser model. Based on the bias-dependent measurement of laser frequency responses and laser model, the photon and electron–hole ( e–h) recombination lifetimes are accurately extracted to explain the physics of laser bandwidth enhancement and the behavior of resonances. Finally, we demonstrate that the VCSEL can deliver a modulated bandwidth of >60 GHz at a low operating current, I = 3 mA, for delivering >120 Gb/s non-return-to-zero data to establish an energy-efficient optical link at 82 K.

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Zhuravlev, K. S., A. L. Chizh, K. B. Mikitchuk, A. M. Gilinsky, I. B. Chistokhin, N. A. Valisheva, D. V. Dmitriev, A. I. Toropov, and M. S. Aksenov. "High-power InAlAs/InGaAs Schottky barrier photodiodes for analog microwave signal transmission." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/1/012302.

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Abstract The design, manufacturing and DC and microwave characterization of high-power Schottky barrier InAlAs/InGaAs back-illuminated mesa structure photodiodes are presented. The photodiodes with 10 and 15 μm mesa diameters operate at ≥40 and 28 GHz, respectively, have the output RF power as high as 58 mW at a frequency of 20 GHz, the DC responsivity of up to 1.08 A/W depending on the absorbing layer thickness, and a photodiode dark current as low as 0.04 nA. We show that these photodiodes provide an advantage in the amplitude-to-phase conversion factor which makes them suitable for use in high-speed analog transmission lines with stringent requirements for phase noise.

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Fischer, Jakob, Timo Schuster, Christian Wächter, Michael Luber, Juri Vinogradov, Olaf Ziemann, and Rainer Engelbrecht. "Isolated sensor networks for high-voltage environments using a single polymer optical fiber and LEDs for remote powering as well as data transmission." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-193-2018.

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Abstract. Many applications in high voltage or explosive environments require sensors which are electrically isolated from other components of a system. These sensors need remote powering as well as wireless or isolated data transmission links. A possible solution can be based on optically powered optical sensor links. These typically employ four different photonic components: for the data communication a fast LED as a transmitter and a photo diode as a receiver, furthermore for sensor powering a high-power light source and a photonic power converter. Additionally, two optical fibers are required for optical remote powering and the optical data link. In this paper we demonstrate an optically powered optical sensor link using only low-cost high-brightness LEDs and a single polymer optical fiber (POF) for all of these tasks. Coupling efficiencies, power transmission and modulation bandwidths are analyzed for LEDs with different colors. Potentials for many mW of electrical remote powering and Mbit s−1 sensor data links are demonstrated over 10 m of POF. This approach can be used for almost any electronic sensor with moderate power requirements.

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Lee, Juyul, Myung-Don Kim, Hyun Kyu Chung, and Jinup Kim. "NLOS Path Loss Model for Low-Height Antenna Links in High-Rise Urban Street Grid Environments." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/651438.

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This paper presents a NLOS (non-line-of-sight) path loss model for low-height antenna links in rectangular street grids to account for typical D2D (device-to-device) communication link situations in high-rise urban outdoor environments. From wideband propagation channel measurements collected in Seoul City at 3.7 GHz, we observed distinctive power delay profile behaviors between 1-Turn and 2-Turn NLOS links: the 2-Turn NLOS has a wider delay spread. This can be explained by employing the idea that the 2-Turn NLOS has multiple propagation paths along the various street roads from TX to RX, whereas the 1-Turn NLOS has a single dominant propagation path from TX to RX. Considering this, we develop a path loss model encompassing 1-Turn and 2-Turn NLOS links with separate scattering and diffraction parameters for the first and the second corners, based on the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction. In addition, we consider the effect of building heights on path loss by incorporating an adjustable “waveguide effect” parameter; that is, higher building alleys provide better propagation environments. When compared with field measurements, the predictions are in agreement.

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Asif Khan, Muhammad Kamal, Farman Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Fazal Muhammad, Faisal Althobiani, Asar Ali, Suliman Khan, Saifur Rahman, Grzegorz Perun, and Adam Glowacz. "Mitigation of Phase Noise and Nonlinearities for High Capacity Radio-over-Fiber Links." Electronics 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030345.

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Radio-over-fiber (RoF) links successfully provide high data rates and bandwidth capacity with a low complexity system architecture, as compared to its counterpart digital-RoF. In addition, the compound of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) modulation schemes further enhance the process of these achievements. However, high data rates and bandwidth-capacity-supported RoF links face nonlinearities (NLs), linear distortions (LDs), and phase noise challenges that degrade the reliability of communication networks (CNs). Therefore, in this paper, to suppress NLs, LDs, and phase noise, next generation cloud radio access networks (CRANs) are investigated using RoF links and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) methodology based on 16, 32, and 64 QAM-OFDM modulation schemes. The receiver of the proposed framework is designed, applying an improved digital signal processing (DSP) system that includes overlap frequency domain equalization (OFDE), a synchronization process, and time domain equalization (TDE). Theoretical and simulation models are organized for estimating the proposed RoF link with the aid of different values of transmission ranges, input power, output power, bit rate, bits per symbol, channel spacing, and the number of users. The fitness of the model matches that of existing approaches.

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Nguyen, Thanh-Luan, Duy-Hung Ha, Phu Tran Tin, and Nguyen Van Vinh. "SWIPT-Based Nonorthogonal Multiple Access under Arbitrary Nakagami-m Fading with Direct Links." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2021 (December 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4124230.

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This paper studies the joint impact of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to the cooperative relay (CoR) network where direct links exist. Over Nakagami-m fading environments, the near users employ decode-and-forward (DF) and energy harvesting (EH) to assist the transmission from the source to the far users. Exploiting the time-switching protocol (TSP) and power-splitting protocol (PSP) to the CoR-based NOMA system, analytical results for the outage probability are derived, and the corresponding throughput is obtained. Comparative results show that the PSP outperforms the TSP at low transmit power, while at high-transmit-power regime, the TSP provides similar performance as the PSP.

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Nawaz, Haq, Ahsen Tahir, Nauman Ahmed, Ubaid U. Fayyaz, Tayyeb Mahmood, Abdul Jaleel, Mandar Gogate, Kia Dashtipour, Usman Masud, and Qammer Abbasi. "Ultra-Low-Power, High-Accuracy 434 MHz Indoor Positioning System for Smart Homes Leveraging Machine Learning Models." Entropy 23, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111401.

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Global navigation satellite systems have been used for reliable location-based services in outdoor environments. However, satellite-based systems are not suitable for indoor positioning due to low signal power inside buildings and low accuracy of 5 m. Future smart homes demand low-cost, high-accuracy and low-power indoor positioning systems that can provide accuracy of less than 5 m and enable battery operation for mobility and long-term use. We propose and implement an intelligent, highly accurate and low-power indoor positioning system for smart homes leveraging Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model using information-theoretic gain based on reduction in differential entropy. The system is based on Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and uses ultra-low-power radio transceivers working at 434 MHz. The system has been deployed and tested using indoor measurements for two-dimensional (2D) positioning. In addition, the proposed system provides dual functionality with the same wireless links used for receiving telemetry data, with configurable data rates of up to 600 Kbauds. The implemented system integrates the time difference pulses obtained from the differential circuitry to determine the radio frequency (RF) transmitter node positions. The implemented system provides a high positioning accuracy of 0.68 m and 1.08 m for outdoor and indoor localization, respectively, when using GPR machine learning models, and provides telemetry data reception of 250 Kbauds. The system enables low-power battery operation with consumption of <200 mW power with ultra-low-power CC1101 radio transceivers and additional circuits with a differential amplifier. The proposed system provides low-cost, low-power and high-accuracy indoor localization and is an essential element of public well-being in future smart homes.

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Morawiec, M., and A. Lewicki. "Power electronic transformer based on cascaded H-bridge converter." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0072.

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Abstract In this paper the control strategy of power electronic transformer (PET) is proposed. The analyzed structure of PET uses two seven-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) rectifiers. The electrical power of PET is transferred between DC-links of CHB converters using dual-active-bridges (DABs) and low voltage high frequency transformers. The roposed solution allows for controlling the active and reactive power with a low level of harmonic distortions. The DC-link voltages and the load of the utilized H-bridges are controlled using appropriate modulation strategy. The theoretical issues are confirmed by simulation and experimental results.

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Li, Ai Jun, and Zheng Li. "General Equilibrium Analysis of Developing Clean and Low-Carbonized Coal-Fired Power Technologies in China." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1127.

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This paper analyzes the effects of clean and low-carbonized development of coal-fired power industry in China by a hybrid CGE model, which links the engineering sub-model with an energy CGE model and an energy balance sub-model. According to the calculation results, the current environmental protection target of coal-fired power industry of China should center on developing and spreading high-efficient denitrifization technology, mercury removal technology should be gradually combined with desulfurization and denitrifization technology in mid-long term, and carbon capture and storage technology should be introduced in long-term.

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Yan, Xuefan. "Integrated control method for electromagnetic compatibility of lift facility control system for naval craft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2296, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2296/1/012013.

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Abstract Lifting facilities electromechanical servo system has a compact structure, high specific power, high control accuracy, low vibration and noise, high reliability. In recent years, small and medium power electromechanical servo systems have been widely used in the aerospace field, and the application of distributed high-power electromechanical servo systems in the naval field to replace the traditional valve-controlled centralized ship-wide hydraulic servo system has a broad application prospect, becoming one of the important links to achieve a new generation of "all-electric" ships. But along with the power level, electromechanical servo system electromagnetic compatibility problems are increasingly prominent, and must be considered from the system design in a comprehensive manner. This paper takes a ship electromechanical servo system as an example, starts from the system functional unit, combines the ship and servo system electromagnetic environment characteristics, sorts out the key links of each unit electromagnetic compatibility control, and takes targeted measures in the electromagnetic compatibility design, the product finally passed the electromagnetic compatibility test, which can provide reference for electromechanical servo system electromagnetic compatibility design.

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Dmitriyev, Edgar M., Eugeny V. Rogozhnikov, Andrey K. Movchan, Semyon M. Mukhamadiev, Yakov V. Krukov, and Natalia V. Duplishcheva. "SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND ITS APPLICATION IN POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." T-Comm 14, no. 10 (2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2020-14-10-45-52.

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In the presented article, the results of the research of the spreading spectrum technology are given and its use in communication systems based on the data transmission over power lines is considered. One of the currently existing problems of data transmission systems over power lines is the absence of a compromise solution in ensuring the required data transmission rate and communication range. Ready-made solutions existing on the market provide either high data transmission rates over short distances or a communication long-range with rates not exceeding several tens of kilobits per second. The purpose of the article is to research the application of spread spectrum technology in data transmission systems over power lines. In the course of the experiment, it was found that the joint use of OFDM technology and the spread spectrum technology makes it possible to form a solution that provides communication over power lines over a distance of tens of meters with a data transmission rate of at least 5 Mbps. This article compares the TP-Link 500 Mbps modem for broadband high-speed data transmission, and the NWEPLC-1-G3M modem for narrowband low-speed data transmission. The results of modeling a communication system with different lengths and types of spreading sequences for BPSK and QPSK modulations are presented. An assessment of the interference protection was carried out. The results of an experimental research of the spectrum spreading technology on a model of a data transmission system over power lines in terms of range and transmission rate in comparison with existing devices on the market are presented. The results obtained can be used in the design of communication systems over power lines.

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Guettouche, N., S. Baron, S. Biereigel, D. Hernandez Montesinos, S. Kulis, P. Vicente Leitao, J. Mendez, P. Moreira, D. Porret, and K. Wyllie. "The lpGBT production testing system." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): C03040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/c03040.

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Abstract The Low Power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) is a radiation-tolerant Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) designed to implement versatile high-speed bi-directional serial links in the experiments and environment of the Large Hadron Collider. With 336 programmable registers and 11 configuration pins, this ASIC is highly configurable. The current version of the chip, the lpGBTv1, is now under test. The project will then produce chips to equip the phase-2 experiment upgrades starting in 2025. More than 180000 components will be produced, tested and distributed to the users. The test involves validation of a wide variety of features and will be achieved at three different supply voltages, at −30 °C and at room temperature. Given the number of components and the complexity of the test, one of the biggest challenges was to minimize the execution time while maximizing coverage. This paper presents the new lpGBTv1 production test system, its development stages and some of the challenges which were met during its implementation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low power high-speed links'

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