Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low latitude ionosphere

Academic literature on the topic 'Low latitude ionosphere'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Low latitude ionosphere"

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Chen, Yiding, Libo Liu, Huijun Le, Hui Zhang, and Ruilong Zhang. "Responding trends of ionospheric F2-layer to weaker geomagnetic activities." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022005.

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Geomagnetic activities frequently occur in varying degrees. Strong geomagnetic activities, which have been widely investigated, occur occasionally; they can cause distinguishable and significant disturbances in the ionosphere. Weaker geomagnetic activities frequently appear, whereas their effects are generally difficult to be distinguished from complex ionospheric variations. Weaker geomagnetic activities play important roles in ionospheric day-to-day variability thus should deserve further attention. In this study, long-term (longer than one solar cycle) measurements of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) were collected to statistically investigate ionospheric responses to weaker geomagnetic activities (Ap < 60). The responding trends of low- to high-latitude foF2 to increasing geomagnetic activity are presented for the first time; they are statistically evident. Both increasing and decreasing trends can occur, depending on latitudes and seasons. The trend gradually transits from high-latitude decreasing trends to equatorial increasing trends with decreasing latitude, and this transition is seasonally dependent. As a result, the trend has a seasonal difference at mid-latitudes. The responding trend is generally more distinct at higher latitudes and in the equatorial region than at mid-latitudes, and the responding intensity is largest at higher latitudes. Although theoretically, geomagnetic activities can disturb the ionosphere through multiple mechanisms, the morphology of the trend suggests that the frequent weaker geomagnetic activities modulate the high- to low-latitude ionosphere mainly through disturbing high-latitude thermospheric composition and further altering the thermospheric background circulation.
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Li, Jianfeng, Yongqian Wang, Shiqi Yang, and Fang Wang. "Characteristics of Low-Latitude Ionosphere Activity and Deterioration of TEC Model during the 7–9 September 2017 Magnetic Storm." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091365.

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Under the influence of space weather, abnormal disturbances in the ionosphere will distort the ionosphere model seriously and affect the global navigation satellite system negatively. This study analyzes the ionospheric activity characteristics and the ionospheric model performance in low latitude during a strong geomagnetic storm from 7 to 9 September 2017. The research goals are to determine the abnormal behavior of the ionosphere during the geomagnetic storm and to refine the ionosphere model in the low latitude. In the experiment, the vertical total electron content (VTEC) peak value at low latitudes caused by this geomagnetic storm was significantly higher than that on the geomagnetic quiet day, and the VTEC peak value increased by approximately 75%. In the main phase of the geomagnetic storm, the degree of VTEC variation with longitude is significantly higher than that of the geomagnetic quiet day. The VTEC variation trend in the northern hemisphere is more severe than that in the southern hemisphere. In the region where VTEC decreases with longitude, the VTEC in the northern hemisphere is higher than that in the southern hemisphere on the same longitude at low latitudes, and this phenomenon is not significantly affected by the geomagnetic disturbance of the recovery phase. During the geomagnetic storm, the daily minimum value of VTEC at different latitudes was basically the same, approximately 5 TECU, indicating that the nighttime VTEC of the ionosphere in low latitudes was weakly affected by latitude and geomagnetic storms. Geomagnetic disturbances during geomagnetic storms will lead to anomalous features of the “Fountain effect” in the ionosphere at low latitudes. In addition, this geomagnetic storm event caused the accuracy of spherical harmonics (SH), polynomial, and ICE models to decrease by 7.12%, 27.87%, and 48.56%, respectively, and caused serious distortion, which is negative VTEC values fitted by the polynomial model.
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Liu, Tong, Zhibin Yu, Zonghua Ding, Wenfeng Nie, and Guochang Xu. "Observation of Ionospheric Gravity Waves Introduced by Thunderstorms in Low Latitudes China by GNSS." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 4131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204131.

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The disturbances of the ionosphere caused by thunderstorms or lightning events in the troposphere have an impact on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. Gravity waves (GWs) triggered by thunderstorms are one of the main factors that drive short-period Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). At mid-latitudes, ionospheric GWs can be detected by GNSS signals. However, at low latitudes, the multi-variability of the ionosphere leads to difficulties in identifying GWs induced by thunderstorms through GNSS data. Though disturbances of the ionosphere during low-latitude thunderstorms have been investigated, the explicit GW observation by GNSS and its propagation pattern are still unclear. In this paper, GWs with periods from 6 to 20 min are extracted from band-pass filtered GNSS carrier phase observations without cycle-slips, and 0.2–0.8 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU) magnitude perturbations are observed when the trajectories of ionospheric pierce points fall into the perturbed region. The propagation speed of 102.6–141.3 m/s and the direction of the propagation indicate that the GWs are propagating upward from a certain thunderstorm at lower atmosphere. The composite results of disturbance magnitude, period, and propagation velocity indicate that GWs initiated by thunderstorms and propagated from the troposphere to the ionosphere are observed by GNSS for the first time in the low-latitude region.
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Yizengaw, Endawoke. "Global Longitudinal Dependence Observation of the Neutral Wind and Ionospheric Density Distribution." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/342581.

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The statistical global view of the low-latitude ionospheric density stimulates further interest in studying the strong longitudinal variability of the ionospheric density structures in low-to-equatorial latitudes. However, we are not completely certain how the electrodynamics and ion-neutral coupling proceeds at low latitudes; in particular, the longitudinal difference in the dynamics of plasma structures in the low-to-mid latitude ionosphere is not yet fully understood. Numerical studies of latent heat release in the troposphere have indicated that the lower atmosphere can indeed introduce a longitudinal dependence and variability of the low-latitude ionosphere during quiet conditions. For the first time, we present simultaneous observations of the tidally modulated global wind structure, using TIDI observations, in the E-region and the ionospheric density distribution using ground (global GPS receivers) and space-based (C/NOFS in situ density and GPS TEC on CHAMP) instruments. Our results show that the longitudinally structured zonal wind component could be responsible for the formation of wave number four pattern of the equatorial anomaly.
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Sethi, N. K., M. K. Goel, and K. K. Mahajan. "Solar Cycle variations of ƒ<i>o</i>F2 from IGY to 1990." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (October 31, 2002): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1677-2002.

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Abstract. Noontime monthly median values of F2-layer critical frequency foF2 (m) for some ionospheric stations representing low- and mid-latitudes are examined for their dependence on solar activity for the years 1957 (IGY) to 1990. This is the period for which ionospheric data in digital form is available in two CD-ROMs at the World Data Center, Boulder. It is observed that at mid-latitudes, foF2 (m) shows nearly a linear relationship with R12 (the 12-month running average of the Zurich sunspot number), though this relation is nonlinear for low-latitudes. These results indicate some departures from the existing information often used in theoretical and applied areas of space research.Key words. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; mid-latitude ionosphere; modelling and forecasting)
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Farah, Ashraf. "Single-Frequency Ionospheric-Delay Correction from BeiDou & GPS Systems for Northern Hemisphere." Artificial Satellites 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2019-0002.

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Abstract The range delay caused by the ionosphere layer is the major current source of error for GNSS users with single-frequency receivers. GNSS advice users to correct this type of error using ionospheric models whose coefficients are sent in their navigation messages. GPS-users use the Klobuchar model to correct this type of error. GPS navigation message contains the model’s eight coefficients which vary on the basis of seasonal ionospheric variations and average solar flux. The correction accuracy of Klobuchar model is about 50% (rms) of the ionospheric range delay. Beidou system calculates and broadcast 8 parameters of Klobuchar model based on continuous monitoring stations. BeiDou system updates the ionospheric coefficients every two hours. GPS-Klobuchar model uses completely different coefficients than BeiDou-Klobuchar model. This research demonstrates a comparison study between the Klobuchar model using the GPS broadcast coefficients and the same model using BeiDou-coefficients. The correction accuracy offered by the two models has been judged using the most accurate International GNSS Service-Global Ionospheric Maps (IGS-GIMs) for three different-latitude stations along northern hemisphere, one station in low-latitude region, the second station is in mid-latitude region and the third station is in high-latiude region to reflect models’ behaviour in different geographic regions. The study was applied over three different months of the year 2017 that each of them reflects a different activity state for the ionosphere layer. The study proves that BeiDou model is able to show the ionosphere’s day-to-day fluctuations while GPS model can’t. It can be concluded that GPS model offers better behaviour than BeiDou model in correcting range delay in low-latitude and high-latitude geographic regions under any activity state for the ionosphere. BeiDou model offers better correction accuracy than GPS model in mid-latitude under any activity state for the ionosphere.
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Pitout, F., P. T. Newell, and S. C. Buchert. "Simultaneous high- and low-latitude reconnection: ESR and DMSP observations." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 9 (September 30, 2002): 1311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1311-2002.

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Abstract. We present EISCAT Svalbard Radar and DMSP observations of a double cusp during an interval of predominantly northward IMF on 26 November 2000. In the cusp region, the ESR dish, pointing northward, recorded sun-ward ionospheric flow at high latitudes (above 82° GL), indicating reconnection occuring in the magnetospheric lobe. Meanwhile, the same dish also recorded bursts of poleward flow, indicative of bursty reconnection at the subsolar magnetopause. Within this time interval, the DMSP F13 satellite passed in the close vicinity of the Svalbard archipelago. The particle measurement on board exhibited a double cusp structure in which two oppositely oriented ion dispersions are recorded. We interpret this set of data in terms of simultaneous merging at low- and high-latitude magnetopause. We discuss the conditions for which such simultaneous high-latitude and low-latitude reconnection can be anticipated. We also discuss the consequences of the presence of two X-lines in the dayside polar ionosphere.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (solar wind-magnetosphere interactions) – Ionosphere (polar ionosphere; plasma convection)
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Bailey, G. J., Y. Z. Su, and K. I. Oyama. "Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 7 (July 31, 2000): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0789-0.

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Abstract. Observations made by the Hinotori satellite have been analysed to determine the yearly variations of the electron density and electron temperature in the low-latitude topside ionosphere. The observations reveal the existence of an equinoctial asymmetry in the topside electron density at low latitudes, i.e. the density is higher at one equinox than at the other. The asymmetry is hemisphere-dependent with the higher electron density occurring at the March equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and at the September equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. The asymmetry becomes stronger with increasing latitude in both hemispheres. The behaviour of the asymmetry has no significant longitudinal and magnetic activity variations. A mechanism for the equinoctial asymmetry has been investigated using CTIP (coupled thermosphere ionosphere plasmasphere model). The model results reproduce the observed equinoctial asymmetry and suggest that the asymmetry is caused by the north-south imbalance of the thermosphere and ionosphere at the equinoxes due to the slow response of the thermosphere arising from the effects of the global thermospheric circulation. The observations also show that the relationship between the electron density and electron temperature is different for daytime and nighttime. During daytime the yearly variation of the electron temperature has negative correlation with the electron density, except at magnetic latitudes lower than 10°. At night, the correlation is positive.Key words: Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; plasma temperature and density)
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Bittencourt, J. A., V. G. Pillat, P. R. Fagundes, Y. Sahai, and A. A. Pimenta. "LION: A dynamic computer model for the low-latitude ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 11 (November 29, 2007): 2371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-2371-2007.

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Abstract. A realistic fully time-dependent computer model, denominated LION (Low-latitude Ionospheric) model, that simulates the dynamic behavior of the low-latitude ionosphere is presented. The time evolution and spatial distribution of the ionospheric particle densities and velocities are computed by numerically solving the time-dependent, coupled, nonlinear system of continuity and momentum equations for the ions O+, O2+, NO+, N2+ and N+, taking into account photoionization of the atmospheric species by the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation, chemical and ionic production and loss reactions, and plasma transport processes, including the ionospheric effects of thermospheric neutral winds, plasma diffusion and electromagnetic E×B plasma drifts. The Earth's magnetic field is represented by a tilted centered magnetic dipole. This set of coupled nonlinear equations is solved along a given magnetic field line in a Lagrangian frame of reference moving vertically, in the magnetic meridian plane, with the electromagnetic E×B plasma drift velocity. The spatial and time distribution of the thermospheric neutral wind velocities and the pattern of the electromagnetic drifts are taken as known quantities, given through specified analytical or empirical models. The model simulation results are presented in the form of computer-generated color maps and reproduce the typical ionization distribution and time evolution normally observed in the low-latitude ionosphere, including details of the equatorial Appleton anomaly dynamics. The specific effects on the ionosphere due to changes in the thermospheric neutral winds and the electromagnetic plasma drifts can be investigated using different wind and drift models, including the important longitudinal effects associated with magnetic declination dependence and latitudinal separation between geographic and geomagnetic equators. The model runs in a normal personal computer (PC) and generates color maps illustrating the typical behavior of the low-latitude ionosphere for a given longitudinal region, for different seasons, geophysical conditions and solar activity, at each instant of time, showing the time evolution of the low-latitude ionosphere, between about 20° north and south of the magnetic equator. This paper presents a detailed description of the mathematical model and illustrative computer results.
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Tiwari, Rajesh, Soumi Bhattacharya, P. K. Purohit, and A. K. Gwal. "Effect of TEC Variation on GPS Precise Point at Low Latitude." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010001.

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The ionosphere is a dispersive medium of charged particles between the satellite and the user on Earth. These dispersive ionized media play a vital role in the various applications of GPS (Global Positioning Systems) because the ionosphere directly influences transionospheric radio waves propagating from the satellite to the receiver. Solar flares affect the ionization state of the ionosphere with their high intensity. Sometimes the intensity is so severe that it accelerates the rate of ionization, resulting in ionospheric storms; during the ionospheric storms the concentration of charged particles varies. Among the various phenomena in the ionosphere, TEC (Total Electron Content) is responsible for range error which produces a time delay in the radio signal. The rate of change of TEC with respect to time is abbreviated as ROT. It is one of the parameters that express the ionospheric irregularities with respect to time. This work investigates the effect of ROT fluctuation on the precise positioning of GPS receivers during low solar activity periods in the equatorial anomaly region. Good geometry and a sufficient number of locked satellites provide more accuracy within the centimeter level, but the case may be different when there are any ionospheric storms. Even a few satellite signals passing through the ionospheric irregularities can cause a significant error in positioning. Thus, it is important to understand the ionospheric irregularities observed by GPS receivers in order to correct them. The ROT (TEC/Minute) parameter is used here to study the occurrence of TEC fluctuation and its potential effect on GPS, such as a horizontal positional error or the satellite geometry of the GPS receiver. This investigation is based on the analysis of a one-year observation of a fixed GPS receiver installed at Bhopal (23.2020N, 77.4520E), India during low solar active period in 2005. The GPS receiver used here is a GISTM-based dual frequency NovAtel OEM4 GPS receiver.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low latitude ionosphere"

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Wohlwend, Christian Stephen. "Modeling the Electrodynamics of the Low-Latitude Ionosphere." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/11.

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The electrodynamics of the Earth's low-latitude ionosphere is dependent on the ionospheric conductivity and the thermospheric neutral density, temperature, and winds present. This two-part study focused on the gravity wave seeding mechanism of equatorial plasma depletions in the ionosphere and the associated equatorial spread F, as well as the differences between a two-dimensional flux tube integrated electrodynamics model and a three-dimensional model for the same time period. The gravity wave seeding study was based on a parameterization of a gravity wave perturbation using a background empirical thermosphere and a physics-based ionosphere for the case of 12 UT on 26 September 2002. The electrodynamics study utilized a two-dimensional flux tube integrated model in center dipole coordinates, which is derived in this work. This case study examined the relative influence of the zonal wind, meridional wind, vertical wind, temperature, and density perturbations of the gravity wave. It further looked at the angle of the wave front to the field line flux tube, the most influential height of the perturbation, and the difference between planar and thunderstorm source gravity waves with cylindrical symmetry. The results indicate that, of the five perturbation components studied, the zonal wind is the most important mechanism to seed the Rayleigh-Taylor instability needed to develop plasma plumes. It also shows that the bottomside of the F-region is the most important region to perturb, but a substantial E-region influence is also seen. Furthermore, a wave front with a small angle from the field line is necessary, but the shape of the wave front is not critical in the gravity wave is well developed before nightfall. Preliminary results from the three-dimensional model indicate that the equipotential field line assumption of the two-dimensional model is not valid below 100 km and possibly higher. Future work with this model should attempt to examine more of the differences with the two-dimensional model in the electric fields and currents produced as well as with the plasma drifts that lead to plume development.
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McDonald, Sarah E. "Day to day and longitudinal variability of the nighttime low latitude terrestrial ionosphere." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2956.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 21, 2008). Thesis director: Michael E. Summers, Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computational Sciences and Informatics. Vita: p. 204. Includes bibliographical references (p.193-203). Also available in print.
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Tracy, Brian David. "Lunar Tidal Effects in the Electrodynamics of the Low-Latitude Ionosphere." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1968.

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We used extensive measurements made by the Jicamarca Unattended Long-Term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere (JULIA) and Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) systems at Jicamarca, Peru during geomagnetic quiet conditions to determine the climatologies of lunar tidal effects on equatorial vertical plasma drifts. We use, for the first time, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to derive the amplitudes and phases of the semimonthly and monthly lunar tidal perturbations. Our results indicate, as expected, lunar tidal effects can significantly modulate the equatorial plasma drifts. The local time and seasonal dependent phase progression has been studied in much more detail than previously and has shown to have significant variations from the average value. The semimonthly drift amplitudes are largest during December solstice and smallest during June solstice during the day, and almost season independent at night. The monthly lunar tidal amplitudes are season independent during the day, while nighttime monthly amplitudes are largest and smallest in December solstice and autumnal equinox, respectively. The monthly and semimonthly amplitudes decrease from early morning to afternoon and evening to morning with moderate to large increases near dusk and dawn. We also examined these perturbation drifts during periods of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Our results show, for the first time, the enhancements of the lunar semimonthly tidal effects associated with SSWs to occur at night, as well as during the day. Our results also indicate during SSWs, monthly tidal effects are not enhanced as strongly as the semimonthly effects.
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Shim, JA Soon. "Analysis of Total Electron Content (TEC) Variations in the Low- and Middle-Latitude Ionosphere." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/403.

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Detailed study of the spatial correlations of day-to-day ionospheric TEC variations on a global scale was performed for four 30-day-long periods in 2004 (January, March/April, June/July, September/October) using observations from more than 1000 ground-based GPS receivers. In order to obtain the spatial correlations, initially, the day-to-day variability was calculated by first mapping the observed slant TEC values for each 5-minute GPS ground receiver-satellite pair to the vertical and then differencing it with its corresponding value from the previous day. This resulted in more than 150 million values of day-to-day change in TEC (delta TEC). Next, statistics were performed on the delta TEC values. The study indicates strong correlationsbetween geomagnetic conjugate points, and these correlations are larger at low latitudes than at middle latitudes. Typical correlation lengths, defined as the angular separation at which the correlation coefficient drops to 0.7, were found to be larger at middle latitudes than at low latitudes. The correlation lengths are larger during daytime than during nighttime. The results indicate that the spatial correlation is largely independent of season. These spatial correlations are important for understanding the physical mechanisms that cause ionospheric weather variability and are also relevant to data assimilation. In an effort to better understand the effects of neutral wind and electric field on the TEC variability, a physics-based numerical Ionosphere/Plasmasphere Model (IPM) was used. The model solves the transport equations for the six ions, O+, NO+, O2+, N2+, H+, and He+, on convecting flux tubes that realistically follow the geomagnetic field. Two of the inputs required by the IPM are the thermospheric neutral wind and the low-latitude electric field, which can be given by existing empirical model or externally specified by the user. To study the relative importance of the neutral wind and the electric field for the TEC variations, these two model inputs were externally modified and the resulting variations in TEC were compared. Neutral wind and electric field modifications were introduced at three different local times in order to investigate the effect of different start times of the imposed perturbations on TEC. This study focused on modeled low- and middlelatitude TEC variations in the afternoon and post-sunset at three different longitude sectors for medium solar activity and low geomagnetic activity. The largest changes in TEC were found predominantly in the equatorial anomaly, and a significant longitudinal dependence was observed. The results indicate that the perturbation effect on the TEC at 2100 LT varied nonlinearly with the elapsed time after the imposed neutral wind and electric field perturbations. An important outcome of this study is that daytime neutral wind and/or electric field modifications will lead to essentially identical TEC changes in the 2100 local time sector.
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Herne, David Edwin. "The Australian Mid-latitude Continental Ionosphere with Respect to Low-frequency Radio Astronomy." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48581.

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The ionosphere above the Murchison Radio Observatory (MRO) has been characterised over half of solar cycle 24 and its response to impinging low-frequency radio waves described. The outcomes of this thesis will contribute to an operational requirement of the Murchison WideField Array (MWA) radio telescope (calibration) and delivery of the project’s scientific goals (high fidelity imaging) and shows that the MRO site is an excellent location from which to conduct low-frequency radio astronomy.
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Davila, Ricardo Cruz. "A Study of Magnetic Activity Effects on the Thermospheric Winds in the Low Latitude Ionosphere." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6808.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of magnetic activity on the low latitude F-region thermospheric winds. The F-region (120-1600 km) is a partially ionized medium where O+ and O are the major ion and neutral species, respectively. The thermospheric winds at these altitudes are driven primarily by pressure gradient forces resulting from the solar heating during the day and cooling at night. For this study, we use measured Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPD winds at Arequipa (16.5°S, 71.5°W) and measured FPI and Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) winds at Arecibo (18.6°N, 66.8°W). Previous wind studies at Arequipa and Arecibo concentrated on the climatological wind patterns highlighting solar cycle effects and seasonal variations; however, these studies did not address the effects of magnetically disturbed conditions on the seasonal averaged winds. To properly investigate storm time effects on the neutral winds, we must first investigate solar cycle effects on the seasonal averages during magnetically quiet (Kp < 3) conditions. This study will include a detailed analysis of solar cycle effects on the seasonally averaged winds for Arequipa and Arecibo. In addition to the wind averages, we used cubic splines to fit the average wind profiles and to provide better comparisons with modeled results. We also performed a study on the airglow emission heights using both Jicamarca and Arecibo electron density profiles. This established the height which we will use to compare our experimental data with the model winds. To investigate magnetic activity effects on the FPI and ISR winds, we used three magnetic activity cases which cover all storm time scenarios. These magnetic activity cases are the extended quiet, short-term disturbed, and extended disturbed conditions. The first case, the extended quiet, is the condition where the previous and short term magnetic activity is quiet (12 hour Kp ≤ 3 and the Kp ≤ 3). The short-term disturbed case is defined for the condition where the previous magnetic activity is quiet (12 hour Kp ≤ 3) and then becomes disturbed (Kp ≤ 3). Last, we considered the case where previous and short-term magnetic activity are disturbed (12 hour Kp ≤ 3 and the Kp ≤ 3). Our last objective is to use our data to validate the predictions from the Thermosphere/Ionosphere General Circulation model (TIGCM93) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM93). This study should further our understanding of the physical processes which produce the low latitude quiet and disturbed winds. The TIGCM93 is a first principal model and the HWM93 is an empirical model based on ground-based and satellite measurements. The main advantage of using the TIGCM93 is the ease of studying the dynamics of ionospheric phenomena by simply changing various model inputs, while the HWM93 allows us a comparison between our experimental wind data sets with the established climatology of the winds over Arequipa and Arecibo.
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Khadka, Sovit M. "Multi-diagnostic Investigations of the Equatorial and Low-latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Their Impacts on Space-based Technologies." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108001.

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Thesis advisor: Prof. Michael J. Naughton
Thesis advisor: Dr. Cesar E. Valladares
The equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere of the Earth exhibits unique features on its structuring, coupling, and electrodynamics that offer the possibility to forecast the dynamics and fluctuations of ionospheric plasma densities at later times. The scientific understanding and forecasting of ionospheric plasma are necessary for several practical applications, such as for mitigating the adverse effects of space weather on communication, navigation, power grids, space mission, and for various scientific experiments and applications. The daytime equatorial electrojet (EEJ), equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), as well as nighttime equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) and plasma blobs are the most prominent low-latitude ionospheric phenomena. This dissertation focuses on the multi-diagnostic study of the mechanism, properties, abnormalities, and interrelationships of these phenomena to provide significant contributions to space weather communities from the ground- and space-based measurements. A strong longitudinal, seasonal, day-to-day variability and dependency between EEJ, ExB vertical plasma drift, and total electron content (TEC) in the EIA distribution are seen in the equatorial and low-latitude region. In general, the EEJ strength is stronger in the west coast of South America than in its east coast. The variability of the EEJ in the dayside ionosphere significantly affects the ionospheric electron density variation, dynamics of the peak height of F2-layer, and TEC distributions as the EEJ influences the vertical transport mechanism of the ionospheric plasma. The eastward electric field (EEF) and the neutral wind play a decisive role in controlling the actual configuration of the EIA. The trans-equatorial neutral wind profile calculated using data from the Second-generation, Optimized, Fabry-Perot Doppler Imager (SOFDI) located near the geomagnetic equator and a physics-based numerical model, LLIONS (Low-Latitude IONospheric Sector) give new perspectives on the effects of daytime meridional neutral winds on the consequent evolution of the asymmetry of the equatorial TEC anomalies during the afternoon onwards. The spatial configurations including the strength, shape, amplitude and latitudinal extension of the EIA crests are affected by the EEF associated with the EEJ under undisturbed conditions, whereas the meridional neutral winds play a significant role in the development of their asymmetric structure in the low-latitude ionosphere. Additionally, the SWARM satellite constellation and the ground-based LISN (Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network) data allow us to resolve the space-time ambiguity of past single-satellite studies and detect the drastic changes that EPBs and plasma blobs undergo on a short time scale. The coordinated quantitative analysis of a plasma density observation shows evidence of the association of plasma blobs with EPBs via an appropriate geomagnetic flux tube. Plasma blobs were initially associated with the EPBs and remained at the equatorial latitude right above the EPBs height, but later were pushed away from geomagnetic equator towards EIA latitudes by the EPB/ depleted flux tubes that grew in volume. Further, there exists a strong correlation between the noontime equatorial electrojet and the GPS-derived TEC distributions during the afternoon time period, caused by vertical E × B drift via the fountain effect. Nevertheless, only a minor correlation likely exists between the peak EEJ and the net postsunset ionospheric scintillation index (S4) greater than 0.2. This study not only searches for a mutual relationship between the midday, afternoon and nighttime ionospheric phenomena but also aims at providing a possible route to improve our space weather forecasting capability by predicting nighttime ionospheric irregularities based on midday measurements at the equatorial and low latitudes
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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Smith, Rasler W. "Low latitude ionospheric effects on radiowave propagation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8638.

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This dissertation provides experimental observations and analyses that associate low-latitude transionospheric signal scintillation with transequatorial VHF radio propagation and errors in transionospheric geopositioning. The experiment observed equatorial-region ionospheric total electron content (TEC) derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) signals using receivers on Oahu, Hawaii, Christmas Island, and Rarotonga, Cook Islands. The experiment simultaneously measured VHF transequatorial propagation of VHF television signals from Hawaii to Rarotonga Analysis shows that a moving second moment of vertical-equivalent TEC strongly correlates to each VHF transequatorial radio propagation event From experimental observation analysis, the author develops models for prediction of TEP and nine-space distribution of low-latitude transionospheric scintillation. The author also develops equations that show the potential errors in nine, frequency, and angle used in geopositioning solutions. These three parameters are potentially correctable using these techniques
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Mohd, Ali Aiffah. "GNSS in aviation : ionospheric threats at low latitudes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761026.

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Radio signals propagating through the ionised upper atmosphere (the ionosphere) in low latitude regions of the world can experience amplitude scintillation. This could threaten safety-critical applications of satellite navigation such as aviation. The research presented here studied the effects of amplitude scintillation on a Septentrio PolaRxS geodetic receiver and a Garmin 480 aviation receiver by means of a Spirent GNSS constellation simulator. Different types of fade profiles showed that an abrupt drop in signal strength caused a loss of lock on the signal more often than a profile with a slow, gradual fade. A performance comparison of the two receivers demonstrated that the aviation receiver was more vulnerable than the geodetic receiver. An unexpected loss of lock at a specific fade duration and depth was seen with the Garmin receiver and was not explained. A single fade with a long fade duration was more likely to cause a loss of signal lock compared to rapid multiple fades. Scintillation on signals from low elevation satellites can significantly degrade the precision and integrity of the navigation solution in an aviation receiver; especially if the satellites are within the best geometrical set. RAIM was observed to be no longer available during the critical landing approach phase of the scenario, in the case when all satellites in view were affected by the scintillation-induced signal perturbations. A technique was also developed to simulate L5 scintillation based on real scintillation events of L1, in the absence of real captured data for L5. This was done to enable future investigations on aviation receiver performance when both L1 and L5 frequencies experience scintillation. Analysis indicated that L5 signal can be more vulnerable to the scintillation compared to the L1 signal, which may have important implications for aviation safety.
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Dubazane, Makhosonke Berthwell. "Modelling Ionospheric vertical drifts over the African low latitude region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63356.

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Low/equatorial latitudes vertical plasma drifts and electric fields govern the formation and changes of ionospheric density structures which affect space-based systems such as communications, navigation and positioning. Dynamical and electrodynamical processes play important roles in plasma distribution at different altitudes. Because of the high variability of E × B drift in low latitude regions, coupled with various processes that sometimes originate from high latitudes especially during geomagnetic storm conditions, it is challenging to develop accurate vertical drift models. This is despite the fact that there are very few instruments dedicated to provide electric field and hence E × B drift data in low/equatorial latitude regions. To this effect, there exists no ground-based instrument for direct measurements of E×B drift data in the African sector. This study presents the first time investigation aimed at modelling the long-term variability of low latitude vertical E × B drift over the African sector using a combination of Communication and Navigation Outage Forecasting Systems (C/NOFS) and ground-based magnetometer observations/measurements during 2008-2013. Because the approach is based on the estimation of equatorial electrojet from ground-based magnetometer observations, the developed models are only valid for local daytime. Three modelling techniques have been considered. The application of Empirical Orthogonal Functions and partial least squares has been performed on vertical E × B drift modelling for the first time. The artificial neural networks that have the advantage of learning underlying changes between a set of inputs and known output were also used in vertical E × B drift modelling. Due to lack of E×B drift data over the African sector, the developed models were validated using satellite data and the climatological Scherliess-Fejer model incorporated within the International Reference Ionosphere model. Maximum correlation coefficient of ∼ 0.8 was achieved when validating the developed models with C/NOFS E × B drift observations that were not used in any model development. For most of the time, the climatological model overestimates the local daytime vertical E × B drift velocities. The methods and approach presented in this study provide a background for constructing vertical E ×B drift databases in longitude sectors that do not have radar instrumentation. This will in turn make it possible to study day-to-day variability of vertical E×B drift and hopefully lead to the development of regional and global models that will incorporate local time information in different longitude sectors.
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Books on the topic "Low latitude ionosphere"

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COSPAR colloquium on Low-Latitude Ionospheric Physics (1993 Taipei, Taiwan). Low-latitude ionospheric physics: Proceedings of COSPAR Colloquium on low-latitude ionospheric physics held in Taipei, Taiwan, 9-12 November, 1993. Kidlington, Oxford, U.K: Elsevier Science, 1994.

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Smith, Rasler W. Low latitude ionospheric effects on radiowave propagation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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International Reference Ionosphere Workshop on the Description of the Low Latitude and Equatorial Ionosphere in the IRI (2001 São José dos Campos, Brazil). Description of the low latitude and equatorial ionosphere in the international reference ionosphere: Refereed papers from the 2001 International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) Workshop on the Description of the low latitude and equatorial ionosphere in the IRI which was held at the INPE headquarters, São Josédos Campos, Brazil, 25-29 June, 2001. Oxford: Published for The Committee on Space Research [by] Pergamon, 2003.

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Rao, D. R. K. Studies of generation and dev[e]lopment of plasma irregularities in low latitude ionosphere through scintillation of satellite radio beacon: Project completion report, July 1989-March 1994. [Bombay]: Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, 1994.

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G, Burns A., ed. Geomagnetic storm effects in the low- to middle-latitude upper thermosphere. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Symposium, COSPAR International Scientific. Low and equatorial latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI): Proceedings of the COSPAR International Scientific Symposium held in New Delhi, India, 9-13 January 1995 / edited by K. Rawer ... [et al.]. Oxford, Eng: Published for the Committee on Space Research [by] Pergamon, 1996.

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Cospar Colloquium on Low-Latitude Ionospheric Physics. Low-Latitude Ionospheric Physics - Cospar Colloquium 7. Pergamon Press Inc, 1994.

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Cospar Colloquium on Low-Latitude Ionospheric Physics. Low-Latitude Ionospheric Physics - Cospar Colloquium 7. Pergamon Press Inc, 1994.

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Low Latitude Ionospheric Effects on Radiowave Propagation. Storming Media, 1998.

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Mitra, A. P., Kanti K. Mahajan, D. Bilitza, K. K. Mahajan, A. P. Mitra, and K. Rawer. Low and Equatorial Latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). Elsevier Science Pub Co, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low latitude ionosphere"

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Stolle, Claudia, and Huixin Liu. "Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere." In Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, 259–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.ch21.

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Farrugia, Charles J., and Per Even Sandholt. "Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling at midmorning local times: Dependence on IMF parameters." In Earth's Low-Latitude Boundary Layer, 351–59. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/133gm35.

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Watanabe, Shigeto, and Tsutomu Kondo. "Ionosphere–Thermosphere Coupling in the Low-Latitude Region." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 375–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_28.

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Sonnerup, Bengt U. Ö., and Keith D. Siebert. "Theory of the low latitude boundary layer and its coupling to the ionosphere: A tutorial review." In Earth's Low-Latitude Boundary Layer, 13–32. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/133gm02.

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Su, Yi-Jiun, John M. Retterer, Ronald G. Caton, Russell A. Stoneback, Robert F. Pfaff, Patrick A. Roddy, and Keith M. Schunk. "Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission." In Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, 107–17. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.ch10.

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Kikuchi, Takashi, Kumiko K. Hashimoto, Atsuki Shinbori, Yuji Tsuji, and Shin-Ichi Watari. "Penetration of Magnetospheric Electric Fields to the Low Latitude Ionosphere During Storm/Substorms." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 443–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_34.

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Martiningrum, Dyah Rahayu, Sri Ekawati, Prayitno Abadi, and Bambang Suhandi. "Study of the Low Latitude Ionosphere Irregularities Using Multi-instrument Observations." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 63–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9768-6_6.

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Lin, C. H., C. H. Chen, H. F. Tsai, C. H. Liu, J. Y. Liu, and Y. Kakinami. "Longitudinal Structure of the Mid- and Low-Latitude Ionosphere Observed by Space-borne GPS Receivers." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 363–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_27.

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Maruyama, N., S. Watanabe, H. Fukunishi, K. I. Oyama, B. G. Fejer, and L. Scherliess. "Modeling of the Response of the Low-Latitude Ionosphere to Substorm Activities." In Substorms-4, 115–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4798-9_24.

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Abdu, M. A., J. R. de Souza, J. H. A. Sobral, and I. S. Batista. "Magnetic storm associated disturbance dynamo effects in the low and equatorial latitude ionosphere." In Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, 283–304. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/167gm22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low latitude ionosphere"

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Sergeev, I. Yu. "Evolution of low frequency electromagnetic fluctuations in low- and middle-latitude ionosphere." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6051174.

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Sobral, J. H. A., M. A. Abdu, P. Muralikrishna, and J. W. LaBelle. "Low-Latitude Electron Density Data Versus The International Reference Ionosphere Model." In 7th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.217.423.

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Zhu, Mengyan, Tong Xu, Yanli Hu, Shucan Ge, and Jian Wu. "Study on the construction of low ionosphere physical model in mid-low latitude." In 2018 12th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isape.2018.8634179.

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Le, Guan, William J. Burke, Robert F. Pfaff, Henry Freudenreich, Stefan Maus, and Hermann Luhr. "C/NOFS measurements of ring current magnetic field in low-latitude ionosphere." In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929830.

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Kotova, Daria S., Maxim V. Klimenko, Vladimir V. Klimenkor, Fedor S. Bessarab, Yuriy N. Korenkov, and Veniamin E. Zakharov. "Stratospheric warming influence on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere." In 2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursi-at-rasc.2015.7303096.

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Wang, Zheng, Jiankui Shi, Guojun Wang, Xiao Wang, Konstantin Ratovsky, and Elena Romanova. "Strong range SF observed in low latitude ionosphere over acsension IS in Atlantic ocean." In 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2017.8262056.

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Shi, J. K., Z. Wang, K. Torkar, G. Zherebtsov, K. Ratovsky, and E. Nomanova. "Study on plasma blob to result in radio signal scintillations in low latitude ionosphere." In 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2017.8262079.

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Souza, Jonas R., Inez S. Batista, Mangalathayil A. Abdu, and Renata G. D. F. Costa. "Thermospheric Neutral Wind Role on the Equatorial and Low-latitude Ionosphere During Conjugate Point Experiment Campaign." In 14th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-6 August 2015. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2015-291.

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Zhao, Biqiang, and Xinan Yue. "Features of the F2 layer stratification at low-latitude ionosphere: Results from the COSMIC and GIRO." In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929733.

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Kakoty, Rimpy, and Pradip Kr Bhuyan. "Theoretical modelling of the topside electron density distribution in the Indian equatorial and low latitude ionosphere using DU_LLTD Model." In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursiap-rasc.2019.8738607.

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Reports on the topic "Low latitude ionosphere"

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Klemetti, Wayne I., Paul A. Kossey, John E. Rasmussen, and Maria Sueli Da Silveira Macedo Moura. VLF/LF (Very Low Frequency/Low Frequency) Reflection Properties of the Low Latitude Ionosphere. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada205976.

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Mendillo, Michael. Disturbances of the Low Latitude Ionosphere During Extremes of Geomagnetic Activity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628775.

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Horvath, Ildiko. Investigating Perturbation Electric Fields and Their Effects on the Coupled Low-, Mid- and High-latitude Ionosphere. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623479.

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Lay, Erin Hoffmann. Ionospheric acoustic and gravity wave activity above low-latitude thunderstorms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1341848.

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Basu, Sunanda, and Chao-Song Huang. Investigations of Penetration Electric Fields and Low-Latitude Ionospheric Disturbances During Intense Geomagnetic Storms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582171.

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Makela, Jonathan. Studies of Ionospheric Plasma Structuring at Low Latitudes from Space and Ground, Their Modeling and Relationship to Scintillations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531096.

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