Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low inertia power systems

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Academic literature on the topic 'Low inertia power systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Low inertia power systems"

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Mujcinagic, Alija, Mirza Kusljugic, and Emir Nukic. "Wind Inertial Response Based on the Center of Inertia Frequency of a Control Area." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236177.

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As a result of the increased integration of power converter-connected variable speed wind generators (VSWG), which do not provide rotational inertia, concerns about the frequency stability of interconnected power systems permanently arise. If the inertia of a power system is insufficient, wind power plants’ participation in the inertial response should be required. A trendy solution for the frequency stability improvement in low inertia systems is based on utilizing so-called “synthetic” or “virtual” inertia from modern VSWG. This paper presents a control scheme for the virtual inertia response of wind power plants based on the center of inertia (COI) frequency of a control area. The PSS/E user written wind inertial controller based on COI frequency is developed using FORTRAN. The efficiency of the controller is tested and applied to the real interconnected power system of Southeast Europe. The performed simulations show certain conceptual advantages of the proposed controller in comparison to traditional schemes that use the local frequency to trigger the wind inertial response. The frequency response metrics, COI frequency calculation and graphical plots are obtained using Python.
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Worsnopp, Tom, Michael Peshkin, Kevin Lynch, and J. Edward Colgate. "Controlling the Apparent Inertia of Passive Human-Interactive Robots." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 1 (November 14, 2005): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168165.

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Passive robotic devices may exhibit a spatially varying apparent inertia perceptible to a human user. The apparent inertia is the projection of the inertia matrix onto the instantaneous direction of motion. The spatial variation is due to the configuration dependence of the inertia matrix and relevant to many passive mechanisms, including programmable constraint machines or “cobots,” which use low-power steering actuators to choose the direction of motion. We develop two techniques for controlling the apparent inertia in cobots to emulate the desired inertial properties of a virtual object or mechanism. The first is a path-limiting method, which constraints the cobot to steer along certain paths where the apparent inertia and desired inertia are equivalent. The second uses a low-power actuator to control the apparent inertia by driving the device along its direction of motion. We illustrate these ideas for a two-link cobot we have built for experiments in human motor control and rehabilitation. For the actuated control method, we show that the power actuator can be relatively low power compared to the actuators of a traditional robot performing similar tasks.
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Nguyen, Ha Thi, Guangya Yang, Arne Hejde Nielsen, and Peter Højgaard Jensen. "Challenges and Research Opportunities of Frequency Control in Low Inertia Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 115 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911502001.

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The dominance of converter-based generation in power systems results in a significant reduction of the number of conventional power plants. The transition introduces major challenges of substituting synchronous generators and their ancillary dynamic control services with converter-interfaced generations whose control and interaction with the grid have not been fully understood. This paper presents challenges and research opportunities of frequency control of such low inertia systems. Challenges of frequency control in converter-based systems and a review of power systems facing the challenges caused by low inertia conditions around the world are first investigated. Then, a summary of the solutions that have been proposed for frequency control in low inertia systems is analysed. The paper will conclude with research opportunities for frequency control in low inertia systems, which require further investigation for converter-interfaced systems.
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Kosmecki, Michał, Robert Rink, Anna Wakszyńska, Roberto Ciavarella, Marialaura Di Somma, Christina N. Papadimitriou, Venizelos Efthymiou, and Giorgio Graditi. "A Methodology for Provision of Frequency Stability in Operation Planning of Low Inertia Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030737.

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Along with the increasing share of non-synchronous power sources, the inertia of power systems is being reduced, which can give rise to frequency containment problems should an outage of a generator or a power infeed happen. Low system inertia is eventually unavoidable, thus power system operators need to be prepared for this condition. This paper addresses the problem of low inertia in the power system from two different perspectives. At a system level, it proposes an operation planning methodology, which utilises a combination of power flow and dynamic simulation for calculation of existing inertia and, if need be, synthetic inertia (SI) to fulfil the security criterion of adequate rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). On a device level, it introduces a new concept for active power controller, which can be applied virtually to any power source with sufficient response time to create synthetic inertia. The methodology is demonstrated for a 24 h planning period, for which it proves to be effective. The performance of SI controller activated in a battery energy storage system (BESS) is positively validated using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). Both proposals can effectively contribute to facilitating the operation of low inertia power systems.
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Adrees, Atia, J. V. Milanović, and Pierluigi Mancarella. "Effect of inertia heterogeneity on frequency dynamics of low-inertia power systems." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6814.

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Heylen, Evelyn, Fei Teng, and Goran Strbac. "Challenges and opportunities of inertia estimation and forecasting in low-inertia power systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 147 (September 2021): 111176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111176.

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Barrueto Guzmán, Aldo, Héctor Chávez Oróstica, and Karina A. Barbosa. "Stability Analysis: Two-Area Power System with Wind Power Integration." Processes 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2023): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082488.

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This paper focuses on a comprehensive stability study of a two-area power system with wind power integration and synthetic inertia control in each area, considering the effects of varying the interconnection link. Normally, synthetic inertia proposals are analyzed in one-area systems, in which stability is tested without considering transmission system phenomena, such as coherency. As modern power systems are progressively becoming interconnected, the possibility of forming two or more non-coherent areas is likely, which poses a challenge to synthetic inertia control techniques that use system frequency as a main feedback signal. In this context, this work addresses a crucial gap in the existing literature and provides a valuable starting point for studying more complex interconnected power systems with wind power integration. Simulations were performed in Matlab-Simulink considering a data-driven frequency dynamics model of the Chilean Electric System, and a wind power model with synthetic inertia control H2 norm minimization in each area. The results showed that it is possible to find local optimal feedback gains, preserving the stability of the global system under significant variations in the interconnection link. RoCoF and Nadir indicators are provided, highlighting the benefits of synthetic inertia control, particularly in low-inertia situations.
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Chae, Dong-Ju, and Kyung Soo Kook. "Inertia Energy-Based Required Capacity Calculation of BESS for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in Korean Power System." Energies 17, no. 8 (April 12, 2024): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081843.

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Frequency response performance in power systems is becoming vulnerable due to the transition toward the higher penetration of renewable energy such as achieving carbon neutrality. In particular, reducing power system inertia energy as the asynchronous generation increases could result in violating the frequency stability constraint when a disturbance occurs in the power systems. In order to control the rapidly fluctuating frequency of the power system with low inertia, it is necessary to introduce fast frequency response resources such as a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). This paper proposes a method to calculate the required capacity of BESS for compensating the frequency control performance of the power system using inertia energy. For calculating the required capacity of BESS, the inertia energy in the critical power system, where frequency control performance marginally satisfies frequency stability constraint, should be calculated. Also, the inertia energy in the evaluated power system having deficit inertia energy should be calculated. By comparing power systems that respond with different dynamics when the same disturbance occurs, the proposed calculation corresponds to the ratio of inertia energy deficiency based on critical power system inertia energy within the power imbalance. Through various case studies employing Korean power systems, the effectiveness of the inertia energy-based calculation method for the required BESS is verified by the fact that the BESS integrated power system marginally satisfies the frequency stability constraint. In these study cases, it is found that the instant response of BESS is very effective for compensating the frequency control performance of the low inertia power system. By applying the proposed method, it is also found that about 840 MW of BESS can achieve carbon neutrality in the Korean power system.
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Zhou, Jinghua, and Hao Yan. "Research on Parallel Control Strategy of Grid-forming of Power Conversion System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2592, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2592/1/012075.

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Abstract A high proportion of power electronic equipment, distributed energy, and other new energy access to the grid system, low inertia and low damping to the power grid system, these kinds of power grid characteristics in power electric wire aging remote mountains or island areas, therefore, need energy storage system under the microgrid can provide inertial support for load or grid, improve the system damping characteristics. On this basis, the grid-forming control is proposed, so that the power conversion system can work under the off-grid, and can provide inertia and damping to maintain the system stability. In addition, large-scale energy storage systems often require multiple machines operating in parallel. In this paper, the topology of NPC for a power conversion system is studied and analyzed in off-grid mode.
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Wang, Feng, Lizheng Sun, Zhang Wen, and Fang Zhuo. "Overview of Inertia Enhancement Methods in DC System." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186704.

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The modern power system is experiencing transformation from the rotational-generation-equipment-dominated system to a power-electronics-converter-dominated system, with the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources such as wind and photovoltaic. The power-electronics-based renewable generation, as well as energy storage system, can lead to the reduction of system inertia. As dc systems such as dc microgrids are attracting more attention, the low-inertia issues will challenge their stability. In this paper, a comprehensive review of inertia-enhancement methods in dc power systems is presented. The concept and significance of the inertia in dc systems is firstly introduced, and then the types of inertia-providing sources in dc systems are discussed. After that, the different virtual inertia control strategies applied in power electronics converters are classified and investigated. These virtual inertia control methods are proven to have a great ability to enhance the inertia of a dc system. The challenges and future research direction are discussed at the end of the article. In this paper, the previous research work on the inertia of dc power systems is summarized in detail, the inertia-enhancement methods of DC systems are comprehensively introduced, and the future research directions are prospected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low inertia power systems"

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Qureshi, Fassahat Ullah. "Fast frequency response services for low inertia power systems." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20764.

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Power systems in the world are undergoing a major transformation due to the displacement of conventional synchronous generators (SGs) and increasing penetration of non-synchronous renewable energy sources (NS-RES) in the electricity grids. A computationally efficient analytical tool incorporating FFR services to determine the frequency performance of a low synchronous inertia power system is a major contribution of this thesis. First, we study the impact of high penetration of NS-RES on the frequency stability of the electricity grids. Second, we study the impact of reduced synchronous inertia on the power system stability of the electricity grid. Third, we study the frequency stability of a low inertia power system by means of the time domain simulations. We considered the impact of different grid topologies on the frequency performance of the system because frequency dynamics are also affected by grid topology in a power system. Furthermore, we developed a wind-based FFR service and used that service to improve the frequency stability of a low inertia power system. Finally, we developed a computationally efficient analytical tool incorporating FFR services to improve the frequency stability of a low inertia power system by avoiding computationally expensive simulations. The tool identifies the locations in a low inertia power system that are highly sensitive to the disturbance by computing rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) sensitivities with respect to synchronous inertia for the placement of FFR services in those locations. Hence in this thesis, we have presented both simulation-based and system-theoretic approaches to improve the frequency stability of the FGs by using FFR services that will help policymakers to determine and improve the frequency performance of a low inertia power system.
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Niemelä, Elvira, and Lucas Wallhager. "Fast Power Support of Electrical Batteries in Future Low Inertia Power Systems." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281935.

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To create more sustainable power systems, as well as achieve environmental goals, further integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is essential. However, this may result in a power system more vulnerable to disturbances, since RES do not contribute to the system’s inertia. A power system’s ability to counteract disturbances is highly dependant on inertia. This is because the power system uses the kinetic energy of rotating machines, i.e. inertia, to restore the power balance after a disturbance. This causes a deviation of the system’s frequency, which must be contained within certain limits or, in the worst case scenario, a blackout could follow. Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) stabilizes the frequency first dozens of seconds after a disturbance, therefore, it is the inertia that plays the major role in controlling the initial frequency deviation. One possibility to counter disturbances in a power system with less inertia is to use electrical batteries as fast power support, by injecting power into the system when needed. This project aims to investigate the dynamics of the FCR as well as the possibility to use batteries as fast power support. Different parameters of the batteries are also analyzed. The project is conducted through a case study of a power system model in Simulink and Matlab. Additional aspects, such as sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and future research, are discussed.
För att skapa mer hållbara kraftsystem, men även uppnå miljömål, är fortsatt integrering av förnyelsebara energikällor viktigt. Dock kan detta resultera i ett kraftsystem som är mer sårbart mot störningar, då förnyelsebara energikällor inte bidrar till systemets svängmassa. Ett kraftsystems förmåga att möta störningar är direkt relaterad till svängmassan i systemet. Detta är på grund av att systemet använder kinetisk energi från roterande maskiner, deras svängmassa, för att återställa balans mellan produktion och konsumtion efter en störning. Dock orsakar detta en avvikelse hos systemets frekvens, som måste hållas inom vissa gränser, annars kan det i värsta fall leda till strömavbrott. Primärreglering stabiliserar frekvensen först dussin sekunder efter en störning, därför är det svängmassan som spelar den avgörande rollen för att kontollera den initiella avvikelsen. En möjlig lösning för att möta störningar i ett kraftsystem med mindre svängmassa är att använda elektriska batterier som snabbt kraftstöd, genom att tillföra effekt till systemet vid behov. Detta projekt syftar till att undersöka dynamiken hos primärregleringen men även huruvida batterier kan användas som snabbt kraftstöd. Olika parametrar hos batterierna analyseras även. Projektet görs genom en fallstudie av en model av ett kraftsystem i Simulink och Matlab. Andra aspekter, så som hållbarhet, kostnadseffektivitet samt framtida forskning diskuteras.
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Alahmad, Bashar. "The role of location of low inertia in power systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444863.

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The plans to reduce the energy-related greenhouse gas emissions stimulate the deployment of electronically interfaced renewable resources. The increased penetration of such intermittent sources together with phasing conventional power plants out and the installation of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links for long-distance more efficient transmission, reduces the stored inertia in any electrical grid. This leads to a more vulnerable power system and increases the significance of studying the corresponding stability aspects. Decreasing the inertial response of a power system deteriorates the quality of both frequency and rotor-angle stability which are the dynamics of interest in this study. The thesis explores the role of the location of low inertia on varying the power system’s dynamics. This is to be conducted in isolation of all other factors that could affect the study outcomes, such as dealing with the same system’s inertia value upon lowering the inertia in different locations. To accomplish this objective, it is essential to analyze the inertia distribution of the examined power system following the alterations of inertia reduction location. Accordingly, an inherently previous work methodology, that estimates the relative distance of the system’s components to Center Of Inertia (COI), is utilized throughout this study. Both frequency response and small-signal stability are analyzed in light of the inertia distribution results. The thesis examines two different power systems, a small two-area model and a bigger more realistic power system. The former model, known as Kundur model, helps in building a conceptual process to apply the methodology and to benchmark the dynamics of interest. While the latter is a reduced model of the Swedish transmission grid, known as Nordic 32 model. Different scenarios of low inertia are considered to capture the current trend of integrating more Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and phasing out more conventional plants. DIgSILENT Powerfactory is the weapon of choice in this study. It is utilized to assess both the frequency stability by performing electromechanical transients’ simulations, and small-signal stability following modal analysis simulations.  Results show that the alterations of low inertia location are associated with variations in Instantaneous Frequency Deviation (IFD), Rate Of Change Of Frequency (ROCOF) and the damping ratio of the most critical inter-area oscillation mode. These variations have different levels of significance. Variations of the latter two metrics have the most considerable effects from the stability’s perspective. They can be utilized to prioritize the phasing out process of the conventional power plants, and to choose one of the scenarios of a specific low inertia location over the others. This helps in fulfilling proper long-term planning and short-term operation from the system operator’s perspective.
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MOSCA, CARMELO. "Methodologies for Frequency Stability Assessment in Low Inertia Power Systems." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2895393.

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Schmitt, Andreas Joachim. "Power System Parameter Estimation for Enhanced Grid Stability Assessment in Systems with Renewable Energy Sources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83459.

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The modern day power grid is a highly complex system; as such, maintaining stable operations of the grid relies on many factors. Additionally, the increased usage of renewable energy sources significantly complicates matters. Attempts to assess the current stability of the grid make use of several key parameters, however obtaining these parameters to make an assessment has its own challenges. Due to the limited number of measurements and the unavailability of information, it is often difficult to accurately know the current value of these parameters needed for stability assessment. This work attempts to estimate three of these parameters: the Inertia, Topology, and Voltage Phasors. Without these parameters, it is no longer possible to determine the current stability of the grid. Through the use of machine learning, empirical studies, and mathematical optimization it is possible to estimate these three parameters when previously this was not the case. These three methodologies perform estimations through measurement-based approaches. This allows for the obtaining of these parameters without required system knowledge, while improving results when systems information is known.
Ph. D.
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Dalal, Milap. "Low noise, low power interface circuits and systems for high frequency resonant micro-gyroscopes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44861.

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Today's state-of-the-art rate vibratory gyroscopes use a large proof mass that vibrates at a low resonance frequency (3-30 kHz), a condition that creates a performance tradeoff in which the gyroscope can either offer large bandwidth or high resolution, but not both. This tradeoff led to the development of the capacitive bulk acoustic wave (BAW) silicon disk gyroscope, a new class of micromachined rate vibratory gyroscopes operating in the frequency range of 1-10MHz with high device bandwidth and shock/vibration tolerance. By scaling the frequency, BAW gyroscopes can provide low mechanical noise without sacrificing the high bandwidth performance needed for most commercial applications. The drive loop of the BAW gyroscope can also be exploited as a timing device that can be integrated in existing commercial systems to provide competitive clock performance to the state-of-the-art using less area and power. This dissertation discusses the design and implementation of a CMOS ASIC architecture that interfaces with a high-Q, wide-bandwidth BAW gyroscope and the challenges associated with optimizing the noise performance to achieve navigation-grade levels of sensitivity as the frequency is scaled into the MHz regime. Mathematical models are derived to describe the operation of the sensor and are used to generate equivalent electrical circuit models of the gyroscope. A design strategy is then outlined for the ASIC to optimize the drive loop and sense channel for power and noise, and steps toward reducing this noise as the system is pushed to navigation-grade performance are presented that maintain optimum system power consumption. After analyzing the BAW gyroscope and identifying a strategy for developing the drive and sense interface circuitry, a complete fully-differential ASIC is designed in 0.18μm CMOS to interface with a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) disk gyroscope. As an oscillator, the gyroscope provides an uncompensated clock signal at ~9.64 MHz with a temperature sensitivity of -27 ppm/°C and phase noise of -104 dBc at 1 kHz from carrier. When the complete ASIC is interfaced with the gyroscope, the sensor shows a measured rate sensitivity of 1.15 mV/o/s with an open-loop bandwidth of 280 Hz and a bias instability of 0.095 o/s, suitable for the rate-grade performance commonly required for commercial and consumer electronics applications. The system is recorded to have a total power of 1.6 mW and a total area of 0.64 mm2. Following the design of the interface ASIC, this dissertation investigates in further detail the requirements for designing and optimizing charge pumps for capacitive MEMS devices. Basic charge pump design is outlined, followed by an overview of techniques that can be used to generate larger polarization voltages from the ASIC. Lastly, an alternate measurement technique for measuring the rotation rate of the gyroscope is discussed. This technique is based on the phase-shift modulation of the gyroscope output signal when the device is driven with two orthogonal signal inputs and can be easily modified to provide either linear scale factor measurement or a linear calibration curve that can be used to track and adjust the variation of the sensor scale factor over time.
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Zhang, Shengqi. "Investigating the impacts of renewable energy generators and energy storage systems on power system frequency response." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94463/1/Shengqi_Zhang_Thesis.pdf.

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High level of intermittent renewable generation such as PV plants and wind farms will require distributed storage systems to meet the power system frequency operation standards. This thesis proposes a rule-based controller to co-ordinate the renewables and distributed energy storage system for improving frequency response.
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Kelada, Fadi Sameh Aziz. "Étude des dynamiques et de la stabilité des réseaux électriques faible inertie avec une forte pénétration de ressources renouvelables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT065.

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Les systèmes électriques évoluent de manière significative en raison de facteurs économiques, géopolitiques et environnementaux, notamment l'intégration croissante de sources d'énergie renouvelable (RES) interfacées par des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance, connus sous le nom de ressources basées sur des onduleurs (IBR). Ce passage de systèmes dominés par des machines synchrones (SM) à des systèmes dominés par des IBR introduit des défis tels que la réduction de l'inertie, l'intermittence et les problèmes de stabilité. Les techniques traditionnelles d'analyse et de modélisation de la stabilité, qui supposent des dynamiques plus lentes inhérentes aux SM, sont inadéquates pour les dynamiques rapides des IBR. La dominance émergente des IBR nécessite le développement de modèles détaillés de transitoires électromagnétiques (EMT), qui sont intensifs en calcul mais essentiels pour capturer les dynamiques rapides des systèmes électriques modernes. Les cadres de classification de la stabilité existants, historiquement basés sur des systèmes dominés par les SM, sont en cours de révision pour incorporer les influences des IBR, introduisant de nouvelles catégories de stabilité comme la stabilité pilotée par convertisseur (CDS). Ce travail explore de nouvelles perspectives sur les interactions entre les SM, les dynamiques des unités IBR et les dynamiques des réseaux, qui ont été négligées dans la littérature. Il fournit un cadre complet qui est open-source et adaptable pour des topologies de systèmes électriques génériques, permettant des résultats et des analyses évolutifs. De plus, le cadre proposé est utilisé pour déterminer les allocations optimales d'inertie virtuelle et d'amortissement dans les systèmes électriques à faible inertie afin d'améliorer les métriques de stabilité de la fréquence
Power systems are evolving significantly due to economic, geopolitical, and environmental factors, notably the increasing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) interfaced through power electronic converters, known as Inverter-Based Resources (IBR). This shift from synchronous machine (SM)-dominated systems to IBR-dominated systems introduces challenges such as reduced inertia, intermittency, and stability issues. Traditional stability analysis and modeling techniques, which assume slower dynamics inherent in SMs, are inadequate for the fast dynamics of IBRs. The emerging dominance of IBRs necessitates the development of detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models, which are computationally intensive but essential for capturing the fast dynamics of modern power systems. Existing stability classification frameworks, historically based on SM-dominated systems, are being revised to incorporate IBR influences, introducing new stability categories like Converter-Driven Stability (CDS). This work investigates novel insights into the interactions between SMs, IBR unit dynamics, and network dynamics that have been overlooked in the literature. It provides a comprehensive framework that is open-source and adaptable for generic power system topologies, allowing for scalable results and analyses. Furthermore, the proposed framework is utilized to determine optimal allocations of virtual inertia and damping in low inertia power systems to enhance frequency stability metrics
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El-Damak, Dina Reda. "Power management circuits for ultra-low power systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99821.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-145).
Power management circuits perform a wide range of vital tasks for electronic systems including DC-DC conversion, energy harvesting, battery charging and protection as well as dynamic voltage scaling. The impact of the efficiency of the power management circuits is highly profound for ultra-low power systems such as implantable, ingestible or wearable devices. Typically the size of the system for such applications does not allow the integration of a large energy storage device. Therefore, extreme energy efficiency of the power management circuits is critical for extended operation time. In addition, flexibility and small form factor are desirable to conform to the human body and reduce the system's over all size. Thus, this thesis presents highly efficient and miniature power converters for multiple applications using architecture and circuit level optimization as well as emerging technologies. The first part presents a power management IC (PMIC) featuring an integrated reconfigurable switched capacitor DC-DC converter using on-chip ferroelectric caps in 130 nm CMOS process. Digital pulse frequency modulation and gain selection circuits allow for efficient output voltage regulation. The converter utilizes four gain settings (1, 2/3, 1/2, 1/3) to support an output voltage of 0.4 V to 1.1 V from 1.5 V input while delivering load current of 20 [mu]A to 1 mA. The PMIC occupies 0.366 mm² and achieves a peak efficiency of 93% including the control circuit overhead at a load current of 500 [mu]A. The second part presents a solar energy harvesting system with 3.2 nW overall quiescent power. The chip integrates self-startup, battery management, supplies 1 V regulated rail with a single inductor and supports power range of 10 nW to 1 [mu]W. The control circuit is designed in an asynchronous fashion that scales the effective switching frequency of the converter with the level of the power transferred. The ontime of the converter switches adapts dynamically to the input and output voltages for peak-current control and zero-current switching. The system has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS process. For input power of 500 nW, the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 82%, including the control circuit overhead, while charging a battery at 3 V from 0.5 V input. The third part focuses on developing an energy harvesting system for an ingestible device using gastric acid. An integrated switched capacitor DC-DC converter is designed to efficiently power sensors and RF transmitter with a 2.5 V regulated voltage rail. A reconfigurable Dickson topology with four gain settings (3, 4, 6, 10) is used to support a wide input voltage range from 0.3 V to 1.1 V. The converter is designed in 65 nm CMOS process and achieves a peak efficiency of 80% in simulation for output power of 2 [mu]W. The last part focuses on flexible circuit design using Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂), one of the emerging 2D materials. A computer-aided design flow is developed for MoS₂-based circuits supporting device modeling, circuit simulation and parametric cell-based layout - which paves the road for the realization of large-scale flexible MoS₂ systems.
by Dina Reda El-Damak.
Ph. D.
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Maalouf, Divine. "Contribution to nonlinear adaptive control of low inertia underwater robots." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20196/document.

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L'utilisation des véhicules sous-marins (ROV, AUV, gliders) s'est considérablement accrue ces dernières décennies, aussi bien dans le domaine de l'offshore ou de l'océanographie, que pour des applications militaires. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons le problème particulier de la commande des véhicules sous-marins à faible inertie et fort rapport puissance/inertie. Ces derniers constituent des systèmes fortement non linéaires, dont la dynamique est susceptible de varier au cours du temps (charge embarquée, caractéristiques des propulseurs, variation de salinité...) et qui sont très sensibles aux perturbations environnementales (chocs, traction sur l'ombilical...). Afin d'assurer des performances de suivi de trajectoire satisfaisantes, il est nécessaire d'avoir recours à une commande adaptative qui compense les incertitudes ou les variations des paramètres du modèle dynamique, mais également qui rejette les perturbations, telles que les chocs. A cette fin, nous proposons dans ce manuscrit, l'étude théorique et la validation expérimentale de plusieurs lois de commande pour véhicules sous-marins. Nous analysons tout d'abord des approches classiques dans ce domaine (commande PID et commande par retour d'état non linéaire), puis nous les comparons avec deux autres architectures de commande. La première est la commande adaptative L1 non linéaire, introduite en 2010 notamment pour la commande des véhicules aériens, et implémentée pour la première fois sur un véhicule sous-marin. Le découplage entre adaptation et robustesse permet l'utilisation de très grands gains d'adaptation (et donc une convergence plus rapide des paramètres estimés, sans aucune connaissance a priori), sans pour autant dégrader la stabilité. La seconde méthode, que nous proposons et qui constitue l'apport principal de cette thèse, est une évolution de la commande L1, permettant d'en améliorer les performances lors du suivi d'une trajectoire variable. Nous présentons une analyse de stabilité de cette commande, ainsi que sa comparaison expérimentale avec les autres lois de commande (commande PID, commande adaptative par retour d'état non linéaire et commande adaptative L1 standard). Ces expérimentations ont été réalisées sur un mini-ROV et plusieurs scenarii ont été étudiés, permettant ainsi d'évaluer, pour chaque loi, sa robustesse et son aptitude à rejeter les perturbations
Underwater vehicles have gained an increased interest in the last decades given the multiple tasks they can accomplish in various fields, ranging from scientific to industrial and military applications. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in the category of vehicles having a high power to weight ratio. Different challenges in autonomous control of such highly unstable systems arise from the inherent nonlinearities and the time varyingbehavior of their dynamics. These challenges can be increased by the low inertia of this class of vehicles combined with their powerful actuation. A self tuning controller is therefore required in order to avoid any performance degradation during a specific mission. The closed-loop system is expected to compensate for different kinds of disturbances or changes in the model parameters. To solve this problem, we propose in this work the design,analysis and experimental validation of different control schemes on an underwater vehicle. Classical methods are initially proposed, namely the PID controller and the nonlinear adaptive state feedback (NASF) one, followed by two more advanced schemes based on the recently developed L1 adaptive controller. This last method stands out among the other developed ones in its particular architecture where robustness and adaptation are decoupled. In this thesis, the original L1 adaptive controller has been designed and successfullyvalidated then an extended version of it is proposed in order to deal with the observed time lags occurring in presence of a varying reference trajectory. The stability of this latter controller is then analysed and real-time experimental results for different operating conditions are presented and discussed for each proposed controller, assessing their performance and robustness
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Books on the topic "Low inertia power systems"

1

Arland, Richard H. Low power communications. Lake Geneva, WI, U.S.A: Tiare Publications, 1992.

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Rabaey, Jan M. Low Power Design Methodologies. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996.

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Pal, Ajit. Low-Power VLSI Circuits and Systems. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1937-8.

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J, Sarmiento Charles, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Low power arcjet performance. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Otte, Rob. Low-Power Wireless Infrared Communications. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999.

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Chandrakasan, Anantha P. Low Power Digital CMOS Design. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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Otte, Rob. Low-power wireless infrared communications. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Silvano, Cristina. Low Power Networks-on-Chip. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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Benini, Luca, Mahmut Kandemir, and J. Ramanujam, eds. Compilers and Operating Systems for Low Power. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9292-5.

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1967-, Benini Luca, Kandemir Mahmut, and Ramanujam J, eds. Compilers and operating systems for low power. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low inertia power systems"

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Magdy, Gaber, Gaber Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset, and Yasunori Mitani. "Dynamic Security Assessment of Low-inertia Microgrids Based on the Concept of Virtual Inertia Control." In Renewable Power Systems Dynamic Security, 59–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33455-0_4.

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Magdy, Gaber, Gaber Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset, and Yasunori Mitani. "A Comprehensive Digital Protection Scheme for Low-inertia Microgrids Considering High Penetration of Renewables." In Renewable Power Systems Dynamic Security, 39–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33455-0_3.

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Setiadi, Herlambang, Ismayahya Ridhan Mutiarso, and Feby Ananta Sari. "Analysis of Virtual Inertia Control Implementation Based on Redox Flow Batteries for Frequency Stability in Low Inertia Power Systems." In Advances in Engineering Research, 5–19. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-566-9_2.

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Du, Pengwei. "System Inertia Trend and Critical Inertia." In Power Electronics and Power Systems, 199–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28639-1_7.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Synthesis of Robust Virtual Inertia Control." In Power Systems, 203–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_8.

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Bilbao, Javier, Eugenio Bravo, Carolina Rebollar, Concepcion Varela, and Olatz Garcia. "Virtual Power Plants and Virtual Inertia." In Power Systems, 87–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23723-3_5.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Multiple-Virtual Inertia Synthesis for Interconnected Systems." In Power Systems, 91–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_4.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Model Predictive Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis." In Power Systems, 141–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_6.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "Fuzzy Logic Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis." In Power Systems, 167–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_7.

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Kerdphol, Thongchart, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Masayuki Watanabe, and Yasunori Mitani. "An Overview of Virtual Inertia and Its Control." In Power Systems, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low inertia power systems"

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Hurtado, Manuel, Mohammad Jafarian, Taulant Kërçi, Simon Tweed, Marta Val Escudero, Eoin Kennedy, and Federico Milano. "Stability Assessment of Low-Inertia Power Systems: A System Operator Perspective." In 2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm51994.2024.10688904.

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Colak, Ayse, Mohamed Abouyehia, and Khaled Ahmed. "Resilience and Frequency Control in Low-Inertia Power Systems: Challenges and Solutions." In 2024 13th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 1277–84. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrera62673.2024.10815552.

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Singh, Manohar. "Damping Enhancemnet for LFO in Electric Grid Hosting Low Inertia Power Generation." In 2024 7th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 93–99. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/epecs62845.2024.10805498.

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Syahputra, Dede, Herlambang Setiadi, Agus Mukhlisin, and Maulana Iqwan Habibi. "Analysis of Frequency Stability in Low Inertia Power Systems Using EV Charging Battery." In 2024 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 542–47. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isitia63062.2024.10667850.

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Atallah, A., A. Hernandez, and G. Varhegyi. "Power System Frequency Regulation in Low Inertia Systems." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216959-ms.

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Abstract Electrifying industries is an emerging trend that aims to replace traditional fossil-fuel-based energy sources with renewable electricity in various sectors. Several industrial installations around the world, offshore and onshore, are abandoning reliance on fossil-fuel based power generators by connecting to the public grid directly or through power from shore interconnection. In many cases those installations are and lead to an island network configuration or what is commonly known as micro grid constituted of the load, the renewable generator plant and the transmission system. The objective of this work is to investigate frequency regulation in this configuration. In the presence of classical power generators based on synchronous machines an island grid caters for the power system stability among others, frequency regulation, through the inherit characteristics of the synchronous machines. In the absence of synchronous generators- based power plants, frequency stability becomes more critical as the entire power system inertia is reduced due to the absence of rotating machines both on the generation, especially in the case of solar generation, and load side, i.e. power electronics connected motors. The power system frequency regulation has to be achieved through careful coordination and cooperation of the different power electronic devices controllers such as solar generation converters, battery energy storage systems (BESS) converters and HVDC converters, in case present. This investigation is achieved by the means of RMS based dynamic system simulations. The investigation shows that the ability of the synchronous machine prime mover to regulate the power system frequency through its governor action and avoid critical frequency excursions through inherit kinetic inertia is significantly reduced due to renewable energy displacement of synchronous machine power generation. Additionally, the speed of measurement and response to frequency events of the power electronics-based devices is detrimental to system survival. The investigation shows that the coordination of the solar generation and BESS along with their respective droops and coordination with other power electronic devices in the power system, such as HVDC transmission with grid forming functionalities, is essential. Frequency regulation in lower inertia power systems is essential to maintain system and process operation and reliability. The investigation gives an outlook into realizing industrial installation in remote locations without connection to an existing public grid relying solely on sustainable sources of power generation.
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Xianyong Feng. "Dynamic balancing for low inertia power systems." In 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesmg.2013.6672566.

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Kërçi, Taulant, Manuel Hurtado, Mariglen Gjergji, Simon Tweed, Eoin Kennedy, and Federico Milano. "Frequency Quality in Low-Inertia Power Systems." In 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm52003.2023.10253411.

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Aluko, Anuoluwapo O., David G. Dorrell, and Evans E. Ojo. "Inertia Emulation in Low Inertia Power Systems Considering Frequency Measurement Effects." In 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecet52533.2021.9698697.

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Dag, Oben, and Behrooz Mirafzal. "On stability of islanded low-inertia microgrids." In 2016 Clemson University Power Systems Conference (PSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/psc.2016.7462854.

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Toma, Lucian, Mihai Sanduleac, Stefan Andrei Baltac, Francesco Arrigo, Andrea Mazza, Ettore Bompard, Aysar Musa, and Antonello Monti. "On the virtual inertia provision by BESS in low inertia power systems." In 2018 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energycon.2018.8398755.

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Reports on the topic "Low inertia power systems"

1

Qiu, Qinru. Low Power Computing in Distributed Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada450272.

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Polito, M. D., and B. Albert. Low power, constant-flow air pump systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129016.

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Ashwood, A., and D. Bharathan. Hybrid Cooling Systems for Low-Temperature Geothermal Power Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009690.

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Smith, Brian. Autonomous Distributed Systems - Application of Ultra Low Power Technology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410355.

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S.D. Vora. Small-Scale Low Cost Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891045.

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S.D. Vora. Small-Scale Low Cost Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876469.

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S. D. Vora. Small-Scale Low Cost Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/938956.

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McConnell, R., V. Garboushian, R. Gordon, D. Dutra, G. Kinsey, S. Geer, H. Gomez, and C. Cameron. Low-Cost High-Concentration Photovoltaic Systems for Utility Power Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040623.

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Ranjram, Mike. Planar Transformer Systems for Modular Power Electronics in Long-Haul, Low-Cost PV Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2452814.

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Crosbie, R. E., J. J. Zenor, R. Bednar, D. Word, and N. G. Hingorani. Low-Cost High-Speed Techniques for Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485330.

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