Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Low-income consumers'
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LEVRINI, GABRIEL ROBERTO DELLACASA. "LOW INCOME CONSUMERS STIGMA IN SERVICE ENCOUNTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22375@1.
Full textCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Na prestação de serviços, há evidência do estigma e de ações discriminantes que envolvam ações automáticas de preconceito. Diferentes tratamentos aos consumidores podem produzir e experiências problemáticas, com consequências e respostas imediatas nos negócios. Objetivamente, este estudo busca focar mais profundamente o estigma do ponto de vista do consumidor de baixa renda. Analisa os componentes racionais e emocionais das reações desses consumidores perante as interpretações da sociedade. Em parte, busca suprir a lacuna existente na literatura do marketing. A estigmatização de consumidores de baixa renda pode ter forte influência em suas ações e respostas durante o processo de decisão de escolha e compra de serviços. Isso implica num significativo impacto no desempenho dos negócios, ações de anticonsumo contra as marcas. Neste sentido, o encontro de serviços serve como palco para os atores estigmatizador e estigmatizado, sendo que o consumidor de baixa renda é o protagonista. O estudo foi dividido em três fases: a primeira levantou a preocupação destes consumidores com a estigmatização no encontro de serviços, através de entrevistas experimentais para alinhamento do roteiro. A segunda fase compreendeu uma pesquisa de campo, em que foram utilizadas 210 entrevistas. Para tanto, utilizouse a Técnica do Incidente Crítico. Os dados foram analisados, codificados através do software OpenLogos. Na terceira fase, realizou-se uma análise do conteúdo das narrativas dos entrevistados, chegando a mais de 1200 palavras, códigos e expressões que identificam as emoções, e mostrou-se como ocorre o perfil do estigma e as reações comportamentais. Os resultados indicaram uma predominância das emoções primárias (medo, vergonha e ofensa, etc) no momento imediato a percepção do estigma pelo consumidor de baixa renda. Posteriormente, inicia-se o processo decorrente (emoções secundárias e terciárias) e suas estratégias de respostas destes consumidores. Dessa forma, ratifico- se a influência e importância do estudo do estigma com suas respectivas implicações as situações de consumo.
This article focuses on low-income consumers facing social stigma in service encounters with contact employees. Stigma is a pervasive aspect of our culture and has been rarely considered in services marketing for low-income consumer. In the past, research didn’t pay attention on the low-income consumer’s perspective for marketing actions. Recently, attention has turned to examining how people who are targets of negative stereotypes understand and interpret their experience as members of socially devalued groups. The method used in this article comprised three phases. The first phase explored the awareness of stigmatized service encounters by informal interviews with low-income consumers. The second phase consisted in field interviews, the collection data from 210 individuals with confirmation of discriminatory behaviors. The method utilized was the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) using Open Logos Content Analysis software for coding the emotions. The third phase consisted of detail data analysis, searching for words or concepts within texts or sets of texts, and then coded into manageable categories. In this phase, we found more than 1200 words or emotional expressions. Results showed primal emotions (fear, shame, offense) dominance in the stigma perception moment, often followed by secondary and thirdly emotions. In the last step of the process, the coping responses were important in order to understand the consumer attitudes and behaviors as part of this stigma process. The findings assure the importance of studying the stigma process to understand low-income consumer’s behaviors.
DUPRAT, SUZANA SOARES. "CELL PHONE ENTERTAINMENT FOR LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31578@1.
Full textThis study investigates the problem of the constraints to leisure of the low income population. It begins from a conceptual model of leisure constraints and verifies how the mobile phone can act as an entertainment tool due to these constraints. Therefore, the study: (i) identifies the main leisure constraints of the low income population based on the Crawford et al model; (ii) analyzes how the mobile phone, as an entertainment tool, can influence in these leisure constraints. Based on several interviews, the study classifies the main leisure constraints of the low income population and identifies how the mobile phone can benefit this population when used as an entertainment tool. The results show an adaptation of the Crawford model and how this model can help in the recognition of new market opportunities and the development of new products and services that can help the low income population to overcome the constraints observed in this study.
FILHO, MURILO CARRAZEDO M. DA COSTA. "EVOKED SETS AND BRAND CHOICES OF LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24475@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O crescente potencial de consumo na baixa renda é um fenômeno que vem ganhando destaque crescente tanto no meio empresarial quanto no acadêmico. À medida que o consumo neste segmento ganha dimensões cada vez mais relevantes, faz-se necessário entender o comportamento desse consumidor, que durante muito tempo foi negligenciado pelo marketing. Em especial, os aspectos relacionados à escolha de marcas e influência da variável preço nas escolhas desses consumidores são de particular interesse às empresas no que tange ao posicionamento de suas ofertas na tentativa de capturar uma fatia desse mercado. A noção de que os consumidores de baixa renda são conscientes de marca ganhou impulso com as ideias lançadas por Prahalad (2005), mas é preciso cautela para se evitar generalizações. Esta dissertação procurou entender como os consumidores de baixa renda formam os seus conjuntos de consideração (grupo seleto de marcas que os consumidores criam para reduzir o universo de opções a um número cognitivamente gerenciável), e que mecanismos utilizam para realizar suas escolhas finais. Baseado em entrevistas em profundidade, investigaram-se aspectos ligados à formação de conjuntos de consideração para categorias de produtos típicos de compras de supermercados e de tomada de decisão habitual. Os resultados apontam para seis fatores que parecem influenciar a consideração e escolha de marcas na baixa renda, que podem atuar de forma distinta para cada categoria e para cada consumidor. O estudo revela que os processos decisórios na baixa renda assumem contornos complexos e específicos, permeados por dois vetores de sentidos opostos: o desejo por qualidade, por um lado, e a restrição orçamentária, por outro. A noção de que os consumidores de baixa renda são conscientes de marca não pode ser generalizada, já que motivações diferentes para tomada de decisão parecem existir para cada categoria e/ou grupamentos de consumidores.
The increasing consumption potential within the low income population is a phenomenon that has been gaining increasing prominence in both the business world and in academia. As consumption in this segment increases steadily, it is necessary to understand the behavior of these consumers, who have long been neglected by marketing. In particular, the aspects related to brand selection and the influence of price in the choice process are of particular interest to companies regarding the positioning of their offerings in an attempt to capture a share of this market. The notion that low-income consumers are brand-conscious gained momentum after the ideas launched by Prahalad (2005), but caution is needed to avoid generalizations. This dissertation sought to understand how low-income consumers form their consideration sets (select group of brands that consumers form to reduce the universe of options to a cognitively manageable number), and the mechanisms they engender to accomplish their final choices. Based on indepth interviews, the study investigated the factors affecting consideration set formation within typical FMCG categories. Findings show that six factors appear to influence the consideration and choice of brands within low-income consumers, and that each may act differently for each category and for each consumer. The study reveals that decision-making within low-income consumers assumes complex and specific contours, permeated by two vectors of opposite directions: the desire for quality, on one hand, and budget constraint, on the other. The notion that low-income consumers are brand-conscious cannot be generalized, since different motivations for decision making seem to exist for each category and / or groups of consumers.
FERREIRA, RICARDO JOSÉ LODI. "LOW INCOME CONSUMERS AND THEIR EXTENDED SELF IN VEHICLES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30635@1.
Full textThe growth of the purchasing power of the low-income population in Brazil and the consequent increase on the demand for vehicles by this stratum of society made the Brazilian automotive market grow in the first decade of the 2000 s. The close relationship that these consumers began to have with their vehicles is the object of the present study, which has as its main theoretical base the theory developed initially by Belk. The author stipulates that consumption objects become extensions of one s self because of the symbolism it carries and represents. The main objective of the study, therefore, is to understand what are the meanings attributed by low-income consumers to their cars and how such vehicles are represented as an extension of the Self of these individuals. For this, in-depth interviews were conducted with low-income consumers in the city of Rio de Janeiro who owned cars. Based on the interviews, it was possible to identify the relationship between these individuals and their cars and, thus, come to some conclusions.
ROCHA, THIAGO PEREIRA MATTOS. "FOOD PURCHASING BY LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS: BEHAVIORS IN THE SUPERMARKET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19268@1.
Full textSome studies focused on food purchase by low-income consumers have been published in the last years (Grossi, Motta e Hor-Meyll, 2008; Parente, Barki and Kato, 2005). However, these studies were based in data collected after the purchase and provided by consumers. This exploratory study aimed to increase understanding of low-income consumers behavior at the point of sale. Initially, consumer routes and behaviors in four supermarkets located in low-income areas in Rio de Janeiro were observed and noted. Then, those consumers whose purchase paths had been observed answered questions about shopping list formulation, behavior in store, decisions made in store, hesitation in making some choices. The results show that, beside the fact that income constraint played an important role in food purchasing, other factors help to understand decision making in supermarkets by low-income consumers. From observation and interviews emerged influences related to store environment, to how available brands are perceived and to the risk perceived by consumers at the bottom of the economic pyramid.
JULIO, LUIZ FELIPE FELTRIM. "SYMBOLISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUPPLEMENTAL HEALTH SERVICE BY LOW INCOME CONSUMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30625@1.
Full textThe private health market in Brazil has been changing in recent years. At the same time as there was a significant increase in the number of lives served by private health insurance, there was also a market concentration in private health plans and providers. The growth in the number of lives covered by private health plans had in its main motive a penetration in the layers of the population of middle and low income, motivated by both the formalization of employment, being the Health Plan as one of the main benefits granted by the employer, but also by the real increase in the worker s income, where he also starts to personally acquire health plan. Considering the notoriety that the Brazilian public health needs a better service, not being the first option among health plan holders, this exploratory study had the purpose of analyzing the symbolisms associated with the supplementary health service by low income consumers. For this, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with low-income consumers who have or have had health insurance plans. Data analysis discusses the feelings and symbologies associated with the possession of a health plan and its social status associated to the health plan, the appreciation of the companies that offer health plans as one of their corporate benefits and the comparison between the private health plans and the Public health services. From this analysis, it was possible to reach some conclusions.
MALBURG, LUIZA SICUPIRA. "IMPLICATIONS OF PERSONAL CREDIT USE ON HOUSEHOLD BUDGET OF LOW INCOME CONSUMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16210@1.
Full textThis document is a survey on the use of credit available to low income class in Brazil, and about the behavior of these consumers in managing their debts. The study focus on the difficulty - confirmed by IBGE (the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics) - this population has to get to the end of the month with their bills duly paid and still have enough resources to provide their basic needs. The study has been developed using qualitative interviews to explore the experience and the way the low income consumer faces the process, from borrowing money to the management of the debt. These interviews, recorded and transcript, produced data used to identify subjects related to indebtedness, accumulation of debt, compulsive use of credit cards, as well as the control of expenses and some others. The research shows that, in spite of the significant expansion on the offer of credit to the low income population along the years, it is a cause of trouble for people that use credit without planning carefully their expenses. While, on one hand, the larger offer of credit may play a strategic role in relieving the poverty effects in the less fortunate classes, on the other, using what could be a benefit remains difficult due to the manipulation practices that, explicit or implicitly, credit institutions operating in this sector commonly use to make business. Besides other outputs, the current study points out the need for the taker to be more conscious and to get clarification on the use of credit, but also on the adoption of more reasonable interest rates related to payment term, as well as on a careful previous analysis by the financial institution on the objectives for which the money is being lent.
Gbadamosi, A. "An exploratory analysis of low-income women consumers and their consumption of 'low involvement' grocery products." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26689/.
Full textBARBOSA, PAULA MARIA BARRETO. "PROFITABILITY IN PREPAID MOBILE PHONE SERVICES IN BRAZIL: OPPORTUNITIES WITH LOW INCOME CONSUMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11410@1.
Full textThe strategy adopted by mobile phone operators in Brazil in recent years brought about great growth to these companies. However, it harmed their operation yield levels, and hence it is important that they seek new alternatives to rethink their trajectory of growth, fitting to an already established market. Historically, the relationship with prepaid customers was little explored by these companies, even though the segment represents more than 70% of the client base of all operators. Therefore, it is possible to verify a great potential in relationship building with these customers. However, to structure these actions, it is necessary to have a better knowledge of the consumption behavior of the prepaid segment. Despite the fact that the recent literature in marketing presents a greater amount of studies related to this public, it is still common for professionals in this field to find difficulties in understanding the aspects that shape consumption motivation of prepaid customers, given the great disparity between these realities in Brazil. (Motta and Muller, 2007). The present work intends to perform an analysis of the Brazilian mobile phone sector, verifying the main aspects of prepaid costumer`s behavior which can be considered by the companies operating this service in designing viable relationship actions, capable of generating greater yield. Interviews with customers of prepaid services of the main Brazilian operators have been executed aiming to clarify some aspects of consumption motivation and expectations of this segment. The results point out a differentiated behavior compared to customers with less budgetary restrictions and the adequacy of some of the incipient actions carried out by the operators, which can support the necessity of new investments in this area.
CUNHA, VINICIUS LOPES DA. "A STUDY ABOUT THE PREFERENCES OF LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS BETWEEN TWO RETAIL ENVIRONMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25451@1.
Full textThe increase in purchasing power of the lower-income population in Brazil highlighted the consumption strength of this new consumer group and changed the view companies had towards them and stressed the need to create specific strategies instead of simply adapting the existing knowledge focused on upper class consumers. A key sector facing this challenge is the retail business. Historically, street retail (also known in Brazil as calçadões ) has been focused on this segment. Recently, however, shopping centers have also perceived the potential coming from this consumer group and started to offer them improved infrastructure and comfort in comparison to the traditional street retail. In spite of this more attractive consumption environment, low-income consumers continue to shop in street retail stores. This study aims to understand the motivations that lead consumers to prefer shopping in the traditional street stores instead of nearby shopping centers that offer a planned environment, with more structure and with the same stores. To achieve this objective, in depth interviews were conducted with low-income consumers of a street retail area in Rio de Janeiro. From these interviews several aspects, such as price difference, were identified even in situations where this discrepancy does not exist.
Michel, Patricia Marie. "Food label reading habits of low-income women and women from the general population." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07292009-090255/.
Full textRANGEL, LUCIANA BELLINI. "AFFECTIVE ANSWERS FROM LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS TO INVOLUNTARY LOSSES OF BENEFITS AND SYMBOLIC POSSESSIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33534@1.
Full textEste estudo busca identificar respostas afetivas decorrentes de perdas involuntárias de posses simbólicas de indivíduos de baixa renda que no período de 2003 a 2013 ascenderam socialmente, identificando-se como integrantes da classe média brasileira. Esses consumidores, em decorrência de crise econômica, sofreram perdas simbolicamente importantes que afetaram a constituição de parte do seu eu. Partindo da compreensão de que perdas de posses simbólicas extrapolam a simples privação material e estendem-se à construção de uma identidade adquirida, o trabalho propõe que respostas afetivas diante de perdas involuntárias estabelecem forte relação com as fases identificadas por Kübler-Ross (2000): negação, raiva, barganha, depressão e aceitação. Foram entrevistados doze consumidores que haviam ascendido socialmente e, recentemente, foram atingidos pela crise econômica, tendo sofrido abalos consideráveis em sua construção do eu. As entrevistas fenomenológicas foram conduzidas e interpretadas como proposto por Thompson, Locander e Pollio (1989; 2015). As fases de reação à perda ficaram evidentes nas experiências vividas pelos entrevistados, contribuindo para o entendimento de como perdas de posses simbólicas assemelham-se à morte da identidade e afetam o eu e sua extensão. A abordagem de Kubler-Ross (2000) procurou preencher lacuna teórica identificada por Black, (2011) e por Smyczek e Glowik (2011) com relação aos efeitos da perda no comportamento do consumidor.
This study seek to identify affective answers due to involuntary losses of symbolic possessions of low-income people who socially ascended in the period from 2003 to 2013 identifying themselves as members of the Brazilian middle class. Due to the economic crisis, these consumers suffered symbolically significant losses that affected the constitution of part of their self. Starting from the understanding that those losses go beyond simple material deprivation and extend to the construction of an acquired identity, the work proposes that affective responses to involuntary losses stablish a strong relationship with the phases identified by Kubler-Ross (2000): denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. Twelve consumers who had risen socially and also were recently hit by the economic crisis were interviewed, having suffered considerable upheavals in their construction of the self. The phenomenological interviews were conducted and interpreted as proposed by Thompson, Locander and Pollio (1989 – 2015). The phases of reaction to loss were evident in the experience lived by the interviewees, contributing to the understanding how losses of symbolic possessions resemble the death of the identity also affect the self and its extent. Kubler-Ross s (2000) approach sought to fill the theoretical gap identified by Black (2011) and Smyczeck and Glowick (2011) regarding the effects of loss on consumer behavior.
Madikiza, Sandi. "Cellphone banking adoption and its impact on the transactional behaviour of low income consumers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24690.
Full textDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
Jere, Mlenga Golden. "Advertising to low-income consumers: portrayals of women in Drum magazine advertisements 1981-2010." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10974.
Full textKoonce, Joan Carol. "Selected financial management attitudes and behaviors of low income elderly consumers : an exploratory study /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487594970650291.
Full textJacobs, Glenda. "Materialism and indebtedness of low income consumers : a survey based on South Africa's leading catalogue retailer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1022.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the realm of consumer behaviour research, discussions regarding materialism – commonly defined as the desire to consume – indebtedness and low-income consumerism have become almost unavoidable. This is to be expected in a society where spending patterns are constantly evolving, levels of indebtedness are steadily increasing and interest in the so-called ‘bottom of the pyramid’ consumers has been heightened. In South Africa, studies have found changes in consumption and credit usage to not only be significant, but also particularly relevant amongst low-income consumers. While this changing culture of consumption has been widely acknowledged, there has been little empirical research on consumer behaviour in South Africa and even less on low-income consumerism. For this reason a study was developed, which sought to explore the relationship between materialism and indebtedness among a sample of low-income, instalment paying consumers of South Africa’s leading catalogue retailer. Through use of a mailed self-completion survey questionnaire, consumers of the targeted retailer were asked to indicate their level of materialism, as measured using a materialism scale, and to report their level of indebtedness, measured as the number of retail store accounts held. In addition, key demographic data, consisting of the respondents’ age, gender and monthly income, was drawn from the retailer’s database. Using this data the study assessed whether (i) the sampled consumers displayed strong characteristics of materialism and (ii) whether materialism is a significant variable in predicting the sampled consumers’ propensity for incurring debt. Data analysis techniques applied in this study included tests to measure the reliability of the materialism scale as well as a variety of descriptive and inferential statistical tools, designed to identify relationships in the collected data. Using these techniques, this study found that sampled low-income consumers are indeed highly materialistic, with levels of materialism observed in this study being significantly higher than in a previous materialism study where a low-income earning consumer sample was used. Regarding levels of indebtedness, regression and correlation analysis performed suggested the presence of statistically significant relationships between consumers’ levels of indebtedness and each of the demographic variables of age and gender. However, materialism and monthly income was not found to be significant variables in determining a consumer’s level of indebtedness. While the decision to delineate this study based on the consumers of one particular retailer limits the extent to which findings can be generalised to the larger South African population, the results do provide a number of important insights, which contributes to the scant body of literature on low-income consumer behaviour in this country.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Op die navorsingsveld oor verbruikersgedrag het die gesprek rondom die voorkoms van materialisme (wat gewoonlik gedefinieer word as die behoefte om te verbruik), verbruikersdruk en die skuldlas onder lae inkomstegroepe byna onvermydelik geword. Dit is te verwagte in ’n samelewing waar bestedingspatrone voortdurend ontwikkel, skuldlasvlakke aan die groei is en die belangstelling in verbruikers op die onderste vlak van die sogenaamde piramide verskerp het. Studies in Suid-Afrika dui aan dat, onder lae inkomste verbruikers, die verskille in verbruikersgedrag en kredietgebruik nie net opvallend nie maar ook besonder ter saaklik is. Hoewel die verandering in verbruikerskultuur rondom besteding reeds wyd beskryf is, is daar nog nie veel empiriese navorsing oor verbruikersgedrag gedoen nie – en nog minder onder lae inkomstegroepe. Dit is om hierdie rede dat ’n studie ontwerp is om die verhouding tussen materialisme en skuldlas te ondersoek onder ’n steekproef van lae inkomste huurkoopverbruikers van Suid-Afrika se grootste kataloguskleinhandelaar. Daar is gebruik gemaak van ’n vraelys vir die opname, wat aan die verbruikers gepos is en deur hulle ingevul is. Verbruikers is gevra om die vlak van hul materialisme aan te dui, soos gemeet volgens die gebruik van ’n skaal of maatstaf vir materialisme; en om hul skuldlas weer te gee, gemeet aan die aantal rekeninge wat hulle by kleinhandelwinkels het. Belangrike demografiese data, soos die respondente se ouderdom, geslag en maandelikse inkomste, is verkry uit die kleinhandelaar se databasis. Hierdie data is gebruik om te bepaal, (i) of die steekproefverbruikers ’n sterk neiging tot materialisme toon, en (ii) of materialisme ’n beduidende rol speel in die voorspelbaarheid van die mate waartoe die steekproefverbruikers hulle aan skuld sal blootstel. Tegnieke wat in die studie gebruik is vir data-analise sluit toetse in wat die betroubaarheid van die maatstawwe vir materialisme meet, asook ’n aantal beskrywende en afleibare statistiese metodes wat ontwerp is om verhoudings in die versamelde data te identifiseer. Deur die gebruik van hierdie tegnieke het die studie gevind dat hierdie steekproef van lae inkomste verbruikers inderdaad hoogs materialisties is, en dat die vlakke van materialisme wat waargeneem is, beduidend hoër is as wat gevind is in ’n vorige studie onder ’n steekproef van lae-inkomste verbruikers. Met betrekking tot skuldlasverpligtinge, het die regressie- en korrelasie-analise wat gedoen is die bestaan van statisties beduidende verhoudinge tussen verbruikers se skuldlasvlakke en die demografiese veranderlikes van ouderdom en geslag aangedui. Daar is egter gevind materialisme en maandelikse inkomste is nie beduidende veranderlikes in die bepaling van ’n verbruiker se skuldlas nie. Hoewel die ontwerp van hierdie studie om verbruikers van slegs ’n enkele kleinhandelaar in te sluit ’n beperking plaas op die toepasbaarheid van die bevindinge op die wyer Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking, het die resultate ’n aantal belangrike insigte verskaf wat bydra tot die klein hoeveelheid bestaande literatuur oor lae inkomste verbruikersgedrag in die land.
Sparks, Andrea Leigh. "Measuring food deserts : a comparison of models measuring the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in Portland, Oregon /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7863.
Full textGiwe, Mbunwe Belter. "Factors affecting the usage of banking products and services by low income and under-banked consumers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015.
Find full textAllan, Meredith Leigh. "Price versus brand : assessing the role of price and brand in low-income consumer decision-making." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86272.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Growing competition, fuelled by globalisation, has increased the number of alternatives across almost all product categories, leaving consumers overloaded with information and overwhelmed for choice. Brand and price represent two cues that have been found to influence consumer decision-making and which can be used in marketing strategies to create value, and differentiate from competitors in this increasingly competitive climate. Responding to the misconceptions surrounding the decision-making of individuals classified in the low-income market segment, and in light of the significance of Bottom of Pyramid (BOP) supported by Prahalad (2002), this study was undertaken to assess the perceived importance of price and brand in low-income consumers’ decision-making process, and thereby examine the effect of different prices and brands on low-income consumers’ product preference. Primary causal research using a choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis was conducted on a judgement sample of black female adults. A total of 209 questionnaires were completed through fieldwork of personal interviews in informal settlements in Gauteng. The study used a 5 price presentation (R18.99; R24.99; R28.99; R33.99; R42.99) by 5 brand presentation (Ace, Iwisa, White Star, Mnandi, Ritebrand) between-subjects design in the maize meal product category. The hierarchical Bayes procedure and multinomial logit model were used to analyse the primary data. Results of the descriptive and inferential analysis of the CBC showed that brand was perceived as more important, attributing to 65 per cent of low-income consumers’ decision-making process, opposed to the 35 per cent attributed to price, and that prices and brands had varying effects on low-income consumers’ purchase probabilities. Although lower prices did have higher perceived utilities, the price-sensitivity of low-income consumers was found to be less influential at lower price ranges, suggesting the stronger influence of brand and brand associations on their evaluation of alternatives. Familiar brands (White Star, Ace and Iwisa) were seen to positively influence low-income consumers’ purchase probability by reducing perceived risk, further enhanced by brand credibility as found with Iwisa (which indicated consistent quality) resulting in higher purchase probability. Unfamiliar brands (Mnandi and Ritebrand) were perceived as having low levels of utility, attributed to higher levels of perceived risk and unclear quality inferences. The research conclusions, drawing from secondary research, proposed a model of low-income consumer decision-making that is influenced by various factors, including aversion to loss, and the desire to satisfy aspirations. Varying levels of brand knowledge, brand quality and credibility as well as symbolic value attached to different brands as perceived by low-income consumers, are argued to influence both individuals’ aversion to loss, as well as their aspirational desires, and thus influence the decision-making process. Price and price–quality inferences, brand familiarity, brand–quality inferences, psychological factors and those surrounding the purchase context were found to have influence over the decision-making process of individuals within this market segment. Managerial recommendations emphasise the significance of the BOP as a viable market segment, warn marketers of low-cost pricing strategies, and discuss the importance of employing value-based strategies and leveraging brand to attract, satisfy and retain consumers in this market segment. Managers are challenged to find a balance between perceived quality and reliability and affordable price, in order to operate successfully in the low-income market and offer effective value propositions that provide customer satisfaction while allowing for sustained sales and profits for the firm.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groeiende mededinging, gedryf deur globalisering, het die aantal alternatiewe in byna alle produkkategorieë laat toeneem, wat verbruikers oorlaai met inligting en oorweldig met keuses. Handelsmerk en prys verteenwoordig twee leiseine wat verbruikersbesluitneming beïnvloed en wat gebruik kan word in bemarkingstrategieë om waarde te skep, en 'n produk van sy mededingers te onderskei in hierdie toenemend mededingende klimaat. In reaksie op die wanopvattings omtrent die besluitneming van individue wat in die lae-inkomste-marksegment geklassifiseer word, en in die lig van die betekenisvolheid van die Bodem van die Piramide (BOP) soos ondersteun deur Pralahad (2002), is hierdie studie onderneem om die waargenome belangrikheid van prys en handelsmerk in lae-inkomste-verbruikers se besluitnemingsproses te assesseer, en sodoende die effek van verskillende pryse en handelsmerke op lae-inkomste-verbruikers se produkvoorkeure te ondersoek. Primêre kousale navorsing deur 'n keusegebaseerde saamgevoegde analise ("choice-based conjoint analysis" of CBC) is uitgevoer op 'n oordeelsteekproef van swart, vroulike volwassenes. 'n Totaal van 209 vraelyste is voltooi deur middel van veldwerk in die vorm van uit persoonlike onderhoude in informele nedersettings in Gauteng. Die studie het 'n tussensubjekte-ontwerp gebruik met 'n 5-prys-aanbieding (R18.99; R24.99; R28.99; R33.99; R42.99) teenoor 'n 5-handelsmerk-aanbieding (Ace, Iwisa, White Star, Mnandi, Ritebrand) in die mieliemeel-produkkategorie. Die hiërargiese Bayes-prosedure en multinomiale logitmodel is gebruik om die primêre data te ontleed. Die resultate van die beskrywende en inferensiële analise van die CBC het gewys dat handelsmerk as meer belangrik waargeneem word, met 65 persent van lae-inkomste-verbruikers se besluitnemingsproses wat daaraan toegeskryf kan word, in vergelyking met 35 persent aan prys. Verder het pryse en handelsmerke wisselende effekte op lae-inkomste-verbruikers se aankoopwaarskynlikhede gehad. Alhoewel laer pryse hoër waargenome bruikbaarhede gehad het, is daar gevind dat die pryssensitiwiteit van lae-inkomste-verbruikers minder invloedryk is in laer prysklasse, wat dui op die sterker invloed van handelsmerke en handelsmerkassosiasies op hulle evaluering van die verskillende alternatiewe. Bekende handelsmerke (White Star, Ace en Iwisa) het lae-inkomste-verbruikers se aankoopwaarskynlikheid positief beïnvloed deur waargenome risiko te verlaag. Hierdie verskynsel is verder versterk deur handelsmerkgeloofwaardigheid, soos gesien by Iwisa (wat konsekwente gehalte aangedui het), wat lei tot hoër aankoopwaarskynlikheid. Onbekende handelsmerke (Mnandi en Ritebrand) is waargeneem as laag in terme van bruikbaarheidsvlakke, wat toegeskryf kan word aan hoër vlakke van waargenome risiko en onduidelike afleidings omtrent gehalte. Die navorsingsgevolgtrekking, wat op grond van sekondêre navorsing gemaak is, stel 'n model van lae-inkomste-verbruikersbesluitneming voor wat deur verskeie faktore beïnvloed word, insluitend 'n afkeer van verlies en die begeerte om aspirasies te bevredig. Wisselende vlakke van handelsmerkkennis, handelsmerkgehalte en -geloofwaardigheid, asook die simboliese waarde wat aan verskillende handelsmerke geheg word soos waargeneem deur lae-inkomste-verbruikers, beïnvloed sowel individue se afkeer van verlies as hulle aspirasionele behoeftes, en beïnvloed dus die besluitnemingsproses. Daar is gevind dat afleidings omtrent prys, prys teenoor gehalte en handelsmerk teenoor gehalte, handelsmerkbekendheid, sielkundige faktore en faktore vanuit die aankoopkonteks 'n invloed het op die besluitnemingsproses van individue binne hierdie marksegment. Bestuursaanbevelings beklemtoon die belangrikheid van die BOP as 'n lewensvatbare marksegment, waarsku bemarkers teen laekoste-prysingstrategieë, en bespreek die belang daarvan om waardegebaseerde strategieë te gebruik en handelsmerke te hefboom om verbruikers in hierdie marksegment te lok, te bevredig en te behou. Bestuurders word uitgedaag om 'n balans te vind tussen waargenome gehalte en betroubaarheid en bekostigbare pryse, ten einde suksesvol in die lae-inkomstemark te funksioneer en doeltreffende waardeproposisies te bied wat verbruikersbevrediging verskaf, maar steeds ruimte laat vir volgehoue verkope en winste vir die firma.
Parnell, Winsome R., and n/a. "Food security in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070426.162526.
Full textVan, Wyk Juliette. "The inhibitory activity and sensory properties of kefir, targeting the low-income African consumer market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51989.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rapid urbanisation of the African population has led to the establishment of large low-income communities in and around almost every major town and city in South Africa. Several factors prevent these people from producing or obtaining their traditional fermented milk drink, Maas (Amasi), often resulting in the occurrence of malnutrition in low-income urban African communities. A product with the potential to satisfy the demand for a fermented milk product is Kefir. Kefir, a self-carbonated fermented milk, is commonly manufactured by fermenting unpasteurised or pasteurised milk with re-usable Kefir grains. These Kefir grains consist of a combination of mainly lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Neither Kefir, nor Kefir grains are as yet marketed in South Africa, thus creating an excellent opportunity to launch these products locally. It is often difficult for the low-income communities to obtain high quality unpasteurised or pasteurised milk, resulting in a serious health risk. The inhibitory activity of Kefir towards certain spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms was, therefore, studied. Strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Usteria monocytogenes and Clostridium tyrobutyricum were inoculated (10 ³ - 10 ⁴ cfu.ml⁻¹ ) into pasteurised milk together with Kefir grains (18 gram per litre) and incubated at 25°C. Uninoculated milk samples and milk samples inoculated only with test organisms served as controls. Growth of all the test organisms were inhibited substantially (>-99.9%) in Kefir over the 30 h incubation period and substantial reductions in microbial log cycles were observed for many of the organisms. This coincided with a steep decrease in pH (6.57 - 4.06) and increase in titratabie acidity (0.20 - 0.72%). If Kefir is eventually marketed to low-income urban African consumers, it will have to compete with Maas and, therefore, comparative sensory testing of Kefir and Maas was conducted. The differences in the sensory properties of Kefir, 'laboratory' Maas (representing traditional Maas) and commercial Maas (containing thickener, colourants and flavourants) were determined by a trained panel. These characteristics were identified as "yeasty" and "cowy" tastes (p < 0.05), "effervescence" (p < 0.01), as well as "sourness," "creaminess" and "smoothness" (p < 0.001). The effect of different incubation temperatures (25°, 30° and 35°C) on the Kefir sensory properties was studied to simulate the effect of the large temperature variations that would be found in the dwellings of low-income African urbanites. The "sourness" and "creaminess" of the Kefir was found to increase with increase in incubation temperature but no strong off-flavours were found to develop. Sensory preference testing was conducted by consumer panels consisting of panellists of different ages and population groups to indicate whether the specific panels significantly prefer Kefir, commercial Maas or laboratory Maas. It was found that commercial Maas was significantly (p < 0.001) preferred to Kefir by young African urbanites. Adult Africans, who presumably still have traditional taste preferences, however, equally (p > 0.05) preferred Kefir and laboratory Maas, identifying this segment of the African population as the appropriate starting target market for Kefir. Kefir and laboratory Maas were also tested for preference by a wider panel consisting of people (aged between 18 and 25) representing the different population groups in South Africa. Kefir and laboratory Maas were preferred equally (p > 0.05) by all the groups. Several arguments supporting Kefir marketing to the low-income urban African population of South Africa have been identified. These include: Kefir's ease of preparation; the re-usability of Kefir grains and subsequent affordability; good packaging, distribution and storage possibilities; Kefir's acceptability by lactoseintolerant individuals; high nutritional value; the inhibitory activity of Kefir against potential spoilage and pathogenic organisms and subsequent enhanced safety and keeping ability; and Kefir's acceptable refreshing taste.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toenemende verstedeliking van Swart Suid-Afrikaners het gelei tot die vestiging van groot lae-inkomste gemeenskappe in en om die meeste groot dorpe en stede. Verskeie faktore verhoed dat hierdie gemeenskappe hul tradisionele gefermenteerde melk, naamlik Maas (Amasi), self kan maak of koop. Dit lei dikwels tot wanvoeding onder lae-inkomste stedelike Swart verbruikers. Kefir het die potensiaal om te voorsien in die vraag na 'n gefermenteerde melk produk in lae inkomste stedelike Swart gemeenskappe. Kefir is 'n selfgekarboneerde, gefermenteerde melk wat vervaarding word deur die fermentasie van ongepasteuriseerde of gepasteuriseerde melk met herbruikbare Kefirkorrels. Hierdie Kefirkorrels bestaan uit 'n kombinasie van hoofsaaklik melksuurbakterieë en giste. Kefir en Kefirkorrels word glad nie in Suid-Afrika bemark nie, en bied 'n fantastiese geleentheid om hierdie produkte plaaslik bekend te stel. Dit is dikwels moeilik om hoë kwaliteit ongepasteuriseerde of gepasteuriseerde melk in lae-inkomste gemeenskappe te verkry. Die risiko om siektes deur die verbruik van hierdie melk op te doen, bestaan dus. Om hierdie rede is die inhiberende effek van Kefir teenoor spesifieke bederf- en patogeniese bakterieë bestudeer. Rasse van Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Usteria monocytogenes en Clostridium tyrobutyricum is geïnokuleer (10 ³ - 10 ⁴ cfu.ml⁻¹) in gepasteuriseerde melk tesame met Kefirkorrels (18 gram per liter) en geïnkubeer by 25°C. Melkmonsters wat slegs geïnokuleer is met die toetsorganismes het as kontroles gedien. Die groei van al die toetsorganismes is substansieël geïnhibeer (>-99.9%) in Kefir gedurende die 30 h inkubasieperiode. Substansiële afnames in logsiklusgetalle is waargeneem vir baie van die organismes. Dit het gepaard gegaan met 'n skerp afname in pH (6.57 - 4.06) en toename in titreerbare suurheid (0.20 - 0.72%) vir die Kefirmonsters gedurende die 30 h inkubasieperiode. lndien Kefir bemark word aan lae-inkomste stedelike Swart verbruikers sal dit moet kompeteer met Maas. Vergelykende sensoriese toetse is dus uitgevoer. Die verskille in die sensoriese eienskappe van Kefir, 'laboratorium' Maas (verteenwoordigend van tradisionele Maas) en kommersiële Maas (wat verdikker, kleur- en geurmiddels bevat) is bepaal deur 'n opgeleide paneel en geïdentifiseer as die" "gis-" en "koeismake" (p < 0.05), die "gasserigheid" (p < 0.01) asook die "suurheid", "romerigheid" en "gladheid" (p < 0.001) van die monsters. Die effek van verskillende inkubasietemperature (25°, 30° en 35°C) op die sensoriese eienskappe van Kefir is bestudeer om die effek van die groot temperatuurvariasies wat in laeinkomste behuising mag voorkom, te simuleer. Daar is bevind dat die "suurheid" en "romerigheid" van Kefir toeneem met verhoging in inkubasietemperatuur terwyl geen afsmake ontwikkel nie. Sensoriese voorkeurtoetse is deur verbruikerspanele van verskillende ouderdomme en bevolkingsgroepe uitgevoer om te bepaal of die spesifieke panele 'n beduidende voorkeur toon vir Kefir, laboratorium Maas of kommersiële Maas. Daar is bevind dat stedelike Swart jongmense kommersiële Maas beduidend (p < 0.001) bo Kefir verkies. Swart volwassenes met verwagte tradisionele smaakvoorkeure het egter Kefir en laboratorium Maas ewe veel verkies (p > 0.05). Hierdie segment van die Swart bevolking is dus die geskikte teikenmark vir die bekendstelling van Kefir. Voorkeur vir Kefir en laboratorium Maas is ook getoets deur 'n paneel (ouderdom 18 - 25 jaar) wat bestaan uit mense van verskillende bevolkingsgroepe. AI die groepe het Kefir en Maas ewe veel verkies (p > 0.05). Verskeie argumente ten gunste van die bemarking van Kefir aan lae-inkomste stedelike Swart gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika is geïdentifiseer. Dit behels die volgende: die gerief van Kefirvervaardiging; die herbruikbaarheid van Kefirkorrels en gevolglike bekostigbaarheid; goeie verpakkings-, verspreidings- en opbergingsmoontlikhede; Kefir se aanvaarbaarheid vir laktose-intolerante individue; Kefir se hoë voedingswaarde; die inhiberende aktiwiteit wat Kefir teenoor potensiële bederf- en patogeniese organismes het en die gevolglike verhoging in veiligheid en rakleeftyd van melk; en Kefir se aanvaarbare verfrissende smaak.
BRAGA, ROBERTO VALLE. "ACQUISITION OF PREPAID PHONE CHIPS BY LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS: RELEVANCE OF THE POINT OF SALE IN THE EXCHANGE RATIO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34719@1.
Full textThe telecommunications sector in Brazil has shown high growth rates in recent years, which can be attributed in part to the creation of prepaid mobile telephony plans, a modality of telecommunication service that allowed the entry of low-income classes in this market, reaching the mark of 160 million prepaid lines. The commercial success of the prepaid segment with low-income consumers has helped to contribute to small retail sales, which include newsstands, pharmacies, bakeries, stationery, among others. Newsstands stand out in sales, especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro, since they represent a considerable volume of total sales of the prepaid segment in the region. Despite being an important sales channel for telephone operators, few marketing studies are dedicated to better researching newsstands as sales points for low-income consumers. The present study, therefore, analyzes the meanings associated by less favored classes to newsstands in the city of Rio de Janeiro for the purchase of prepaid chips. To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with low-income consumers who used newsstands to buy prepaid cellphone chips. From the data collected, it was possible to understand how these individuals relate to newsstands, the importance of the journeyman in this relationship and the reasons that lead them to consume telephone products at this point of sale.
Sen, Saga. "Brand and programme loyalty consequences towards preference, intention and purchase behaviour outcomes among low-income consumers in emerging markets." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80515.
Full textMini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Ponchio, Mateus Canniatti. "The influence of materialism on consumption indebtedness in the context of low income consumers from the city of São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2519.
Full textThis research is in the domains of materialism, consumer vulnerability and consumption indebtedness, concepts frequently approached in the literature on consumer behavior, macro-marketing and economic psychology. The influence of materialism on consumer indebtedness is investigated within a context that is characterized by poverty and by factors that cause vulnerability, such as high interest rates, limited access to credit and to quality affordable goods. The objectives of this research are: to produce a materialism scale that is well adapted to its environment, characterizing materialism adequately for the population studied; to compare results obtained with results of other studies; and to measure the relationship between materialism, socio-demographic variables, attitude to debt and consumption indebtedness. The primary data used in the analyses were collected from field research carried out in August, 2005 that relied on a probabilistic household sample of 450 low income individuals who live in poor regions of the city of Sao Paulo. The materialism scale, adapted and translated into Portuguese from Richins (2004), proved to be very successful and encourages new work in the area. It was noted that younger adults tend to be more materialistic than older ones; that illiterate adults tend to be less materialistic than those who did literacy courses when they were already adults; and that gender, income and race are not associated with the materialism construct. Among the other results, a logistic regression model was developed in order to distinguish those individuals who have an installment plan payment booklet from those who do not, based on materialism, socio-demographic variables and purchasing and consumer habits. The proposed model confirms materialism as a behavioral variable useful for forecasting the probability of an individual getting into debt in order to consume, in some cases almost doubling the chance of occurrence of this event. Findings confirm the thesis that it is not only adverse economic factors that lead people to get into debt; and that the study of demand for credit for consumption purposes must, of necessity, include variables of a psychological nature. It is suggested that the low income materialistic consumer experiences feelings of powerlessness and exclusion because of the gap that exists between their possessions and their desires. Lines of conduct to combat this marginalization from the consumer society are drawn targeting marketing professionals, public policy makers and vulnerability researchers. Finally, the possibility of new studies involving the materialism construct, which is central to literature on consumer behavior, albeit little used in empirical studies in Brazil, are discussed.
Este trabalho posiciona-se entre os domínios de materialismo, vulnerabilidade de consumo e endividamento de consumo, conceitos abordados com freqüência pela literatura de comportamento do consumidor, macro marketing e psicologia econômica. Busca-se verificar a influência do materialismo no endividamento de consumo, em um contexto caracterizado por pobreza e por fatores que induzem a vulnerabilidade, tais como altas taxas de juros, escasso acesso a crédito e pequena disponibilidade de bens de boa qualidade e preços baixos. Os objetivos são: adaptar uma escala de materialismo ao ambiente da pesquisa, de forma a caracterizá-lo adequadamente à população estudada; efetuar comparações com outros estudos; e aferir as relações entre materialismo, variáveis sócio-demográficas, atitude ao endividamento e endividamento de consumo. Os dados primários utilizados nas análises foram coletados em pesquisa de campo conduzida em agosto de 2005, por meio de amostra domiciliar probabilística de 450 indivíduos de baixa renda, moradores em regiões pobres do município de São Paulo. A escala de materialismo, adaptada e traduzida para o Português a partir de Richins (2004), mostrou-se bem sucedida e incita novos trabalhos na área. Verificou-se que os indivíduos mais jovens tendem a ser mais materialistas que os mais velhos; que adultos analfabetos tendem a ser menos materialistas que adultos tardiamente alfabetizados; e que gênero, renda e raça não se associam com materialismo. Entre as demais análises, elaborou-se um modelo de regressão logística para distinguir indivíduos possuidores de carnê de crediário dos não possuidores, com base no materialismo, em variáveis sócio-demográficas, em hábitos de compra e em hábitos de consumo. O modelo proposto confirma o materialismo como variável comportamental útil na previsão da probabilidade de um indivíduo endividar-se para consumir, em alguns casos fazendo quase dobrar a chance de ocorrência deste evento. Os achados confirmam a tese de que não apenas fatores econômicos adversos levam as pessoas a se endividarem; e que o estudo da demanda por crédito para consumo necessariamente deve passar por variáveis de natureza psicológica. Sugere-se que o consumidor materialista de baixa renda vivencia sentimentos de impotência e de exclusão em função do desnível entre suas posses e seus desejos. Linhas de conduta para combater tal marginalização da sociedade de consumo são recomendadas, tendo como alvo profissionais de marketing, formadores de políticas públicas e pesquisadores de vulnerabilidade. São levantadas, por fim, possibilidades de novos estudos envolvendo o construto de materialismo, central à literatura de comportamento do consumidor, porém pouco empregado em estudos empíricos no Brasil.
Nakagawa, Shinobu. "Important roles of housing stock in consumer behaviors /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3096416.
Full textPARIGOT, PAOLA SCAMPINI BOUCAS. "MOBILE PHONE AS A WAY OF PAYMENT AND HELP FOR THE FINANCIAL CONTROL OF THE LOW INCOME CONSUMERS IN RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15483@1.
Full textWith the privatization of the Telecommunications Sector in 1998 and introduction of the pre-paid cellular phone in 1999, the Brazilian cellular phone industry started to experience an enormous growth and an important part of this success was due to adoption of cellular phone by the class of lower income of the population. This study investigates the nature of problems of payment of the poorer consumers of the City of Rio de Janeiro and how the cellular phone can be used by them as an instrument of payment as well as to control their domestic budget. The study was developed by means of qualitative interviews in which it explored the experience and existence of the low income consumer during the process of purchases, and more specifically, the potentiality of the cellular phone as an instrument of access to credit and as a financial controller. The study raises several propositions that consider the low income, the access to credit, payment conditions and budget control as issues for which the cellular phone offers sufficient versatility and attractiveness to mitigate restrictions imposed by income limitation.
Filho, Neumayer de Sousa Maia. "AnÃlise descritiva dos hÃbitos de lazer do consumidor idoso de baixa renda." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15545.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the elderly consumer behavior of low-income their leisure habits from the analysis of studies conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE and the Laboratory Study of Poverty UFC - LEP. O take part of a literature review of the issues involved, passing by a survey of 100 elderly low-income people - residents of the metropolitan area Fortaleza / CE - to the theoretical research consolidation. The analysis of the primary data, and side extracted from these surveys served to establish a reflection among the concepts defined scientifically and the archetype of old understood by common sense of people. The main assumption of this work is based on the idea that the old mode general has a strong need for socialization, strongly influencing their consumer behavior. When viewed in the purchasing power perspective - more precisely the low-income - this need for socialization encouraging them to meet in groups to perform their leisure activities. Otherwise, the work also intends to produce a valuation of speech for this segment and reveal some market opportunities to be exploited by companies that invest in sustainability and social responsibility.
Houghtaling, Bailey Elizabeth. "Prioritizing Food Retailer Perspectives for Environmental Change in Food Stores to Encourage Healthy Dietary Purchases Among Low-Income Consumers in the United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100729.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
ARAUJO, FABIO FRANCISCO DE. "PERCEPTIONS AND MEANINGS OF LEISURE OF LOW-INCOME YOUNG CONSUMERS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTH ZONE OF RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17803@1.
Full textA população de baixa renda representa atualmente mais da metade da população brasileira, proporção tal que representa mais de 100 milhões de consumidores em todo país. Esses consumidores vêm aumentando seu potencial de consumo ao longo dos anos e começaram a atrair o interesse de pequenas e grandes empresas a partir de meados da década de 1990. Prahalad (2005) destaca a relevância desse vasto segmento de consumidores e também a necessidade de abordá-los com uma visão inovadora. Dessa forma, as empresas devem aproveitar as oportunidades advindas de um posicionamento estratégico adequado para um enorme número de consumidores de baixa renda, ávidos por adquirir produtos de qualidade e com preços compatíveis com seu poder aquisitivo. Todavia, no Brasil, ainda se sabe muito pouco sobre esses consumidores, que foram, por décadas, praticamente ignorados pelas pesquisas acadêmicas e de mercado. Em especial, o tema do lazer para esses grupos foi muito pouco estudado e, até recentemente, as possibilidades de acesso ao lazer por parte da população de baixa renda no Brasil eram restritas, seja por falta de espaço ou por falta de recursos. Este estudo, de caráter exploratório, investigou o comportamento desse grupo de consumidores no que diz respeito ao lazer: as opções a que têm acesso, suas preferências, as razões de suas escolhas, assim como o significado das atividades de lazer. Para isso, selecionou-se uma comunidade de baixa renda da região sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas foram divididas em duas partes, primeiramente foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os líderes da comunidade. Na segunda etapa, optou-se por utilizar um questionário, aplicados a jovens e adolescentes entre 15 e 25 anos da comunidade. A amostra contou com um total de 86 (oitenta e seis) respondentes. As informações obtidas na segunda etapa da pesquisa foram analisadas, buscando-se compreender e descrever o nível de importância concedido pelas jovens e adolescentes ao lazer e analisar as percepções desse grupo de consumidores em relação a sua prática. Verificou-se que esses consumidores entendem e reconhecem o lazer como algo importante para suas vidas. De acordo com os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa, o lazer se relaciona com questões muito importantes para o bem-estar social das pessoas, tais como qualidade de vida, incentivo à atividade física e valorização da cultura, mas não é reconhecido necessariamente como um produto a ser consumido.
The low-income population represent over than a half of the population, a proportion that represents more than 100 million consumers around the country. These consumers, who are increasing their potential consumption over the years, began to attract the attention of smalls and larges companies from the mid-1990s. Prahalad (2005) highlights the relevance of this large segment of consumers and the necessity to approach them with an innovative vision. In this way, companies must take opportunities resulting from suitable strategic positions for a huge number of low-income consumers eager to buy products with good quality and compatible prices with their purchasing power. In particular, the theme of leisure for these groups has been little studied. In general, until recently, the access possibility of leisure by the low income population in Brazil was restricted by lack of space and resources. This study, with an exploratory character, investigated the behavior of this group of consumers related to the leisure theme: the choices that they have access, their preferences, the reasons for their choices, as well as the meaning of leisure activities. For this, there was a selection of a low income community in the south zone in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The interviews were divided in two parts, first carried out semi-structured interviews with community leaders. In the second step, was chose a semi-structured questionnaire for youths and teenagers of the community between 15 to 25. The sample had a total of 86 (eighty six) respondents. The information obtained in the second stage of the study were analyzed, seeking to understand and describe the level of importance given by the youth and teenagers to leisure and analyze the perceptions of this group of consumers in relation to the practice of leisure. It was found that these consumers understand and recognize the leisure as something important in their lives. According to the findings of this study, leisure approaches itself from very important questions for the social welfare, such as quality of life, incentives to practice physical activities, and culture appreciation, but is not necessarily recognized as a product to be consumed.
Gouveia, Wilson Chagas. "ContribuiÃÃo da visÃo baseada em recursos para a anÃlise da sustentabilidade e competitividade das estratÃgias de marketing voltadas para o pÃblico de baixa renda: estudo de caso em uma instituiÃÃo financeira." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15546.
Full textThe dissertationâs objective is to identify the contribution of the resource-based view (RBV) to the analysis of the marketing strategies directed to low-income consumers, having a financial institution as the object of the research. This dissertation has been developed based on a microcredit product titled Crediamigo from Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S/A (BNB), which targets the base of the pyramid market. In order to identify these contributions based on the resource-based view a VRIO framework analysis has been built for the Crediamigoâs marketing strategies, which are evidenced through three different partnering groups: program technicians, communication technicians and credit advisers. The research of qualitative nature has adopted as a research strategy an exploratory-descriptive case study which identified and analyzed the marketing strategies employed through the lenses of the resource-based view. The data collecting instruments used were documentary research, file registries and interviews. Supported by these sources of evidence it was observed that the product is mainly devoted to the low-income consumers. Once defined the target public, the next phase was to identify the main marketing strategies used by the program technicians through group interview, in which a marketing mix was designed using opened questions. To evidence these strategies with the communication technicians the same process employed with the program technicians was applied. On the other hand, for the evidencing with the credit advisers, a multiple-choice structured questions with single answers in ordinal scale was used. Lastly a VRIO framework analysis was performed through dichotomic questions applied to the program technicians. Out of the thirty five strategies identified in the beginning, seven were evidenced by the three groups. And the VRIO framework analysis of these seven strategies shows that three of them present sustained competitive advantages, economic performance above normal and are considered strong points and have sustained distinctive competencies, while the other four present competitive parity, normal economic performance, but are still consider strong points because they either increase sales or reduce costs. Therefore, the use of RBV for the analysis of competitiveness and sustainability contributes to the strengthening of the organizations as it allows the adjustment of their strategies to internal and external changes with the permanent and required innovations, above all, in markets with reduced profit margins but with great scale, as it is the case with low-income consumers.
Forléo, Carolina Araujo. "Afinidade ou aspiração? : grupos de referência valorizados por consumidoras de baixa renda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165591.
Full textConsidering the importance of social relations and interpersonal influence on the behavior of low-income individuals, this study aims to identify and analyze the reference groups valued by low-income female consumers in their decision-making process. A multimethod approach was employed. First, the data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 low-income women. Subsequently, a conjoint analysis technique was applied with a sample of 53 female interviewees belonging to this segment. Due to the current economic crisis, it was necessary to delimit the research context to a product that remained attractive in these circumstances: lipstick. It is a high involvement product category, capable of representing the segment of cosmetics as a whole, being related to self-esteem, a sense of well-being and recognition. Results showed that low-income female consumers value the presence of different reference groups in their decision-making process. Specifically, it was possible to identify two groups of respondents with distinct preferences regarding the reference groups. Therefore, the main contributions of this research were the observation of different profiles within the low-income segment, the development of knowledge about the decision-making process of these women, and the identification of reference group appeals that companies can use to attract low-income female consumers.
MATTOS, MARINA PINTO DE ABREU ZORNOFF DE. "THE LOW INCOME CONSUMER AND THE LOW INCOME CONSUMER AND DRINK AND POWDERED SOAP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10556@1.
Full textAs alterações no cenário econômico dos países emergentes causaram reflexos positivos na base da pirâmide através do aumento de seu poder aquisitivo. No Brasil, esta realidade é percebida pelo ritmo acelerado de mudanças na última década que impactaram o setor varejista, trazendo uma grande quantidade de marcas para os diferentes setores da economia. Estas novas ofertas para o consumidor de baixa renda foram fundamentadas, muitas vezes, em preços mais acessíveis a sua capacidade de consumo. Este movimento de fortalecimento de marcas populares suscitou a reação das marcas premium. Para direcionar a estratégia das grandes empresas, nesta busca por se re- conectarem aos consumidores pobres, é importante entender mais profundamente a relação deles com as marcas. A presente dissertação teve então como objetivo obter um melhor entendimento do papel e do significado da marca no processo de decisão de compra de produtos, dos segmentos de refrigerante e sabão em pó, para consumidores da classe baixa. Para tanto foram realizadas dez (10) entrevistas em profundidade com mulheres pertencentes às classes C e D, residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro e responsáveis pela compra de supermercado de suas famílias. Apesar da pesquisa não se propor a explorar o peso das variáveis utilizadas por estas mulheres na decisão de compra, pôde-se observar que existe certa hierarquização. No caso de refrigerante, as mulheres entrevistadas avaliam, em geral, (1) os refrigerantes não reprovados pela família, (2) o preço, (3) o orçamento disponível e (4) as marcas preferidas (premium). No caso de sabão em pó, a escolha parece ser feita levando-se em consideração (1) a marca (verbalizada como sendo a opção pela qualidade), (2) o preço e (3) o orçamento disponível. Avaliando os elementos subjetivos da compra e indo além do discurso das mulheres entrevistadas, a compra do refrigerante (das marcas aprovadas pela família) traz a recompensa pelo elogio dos filhos e marido; enquanto a compra do sabão em pó das marcas premium (percebida por elas como as marcas de melhor qualidade) traz um sentimento de realização do cuidado com a família, a certeza de ter feito a compra certa, mais inteligente, de melhor custo/benefício. Percebe-se então que a equação de valor que rege a decisão de compra destas mulheres de baixa renda não é simples e não é única. Parecem existir modelos diferentes para a tomada de decisão de compra de produtos distintos (refrigerante e sabão em pó).
Changes in the economic scene of emerging countries had caused positive consequences in the base of the pyramid through the increase of its purchasing power. In Brazil, this scenario is perceived by the sped up rhythm of changes in the last decade that impacted the retail business, bringing a great number of brands for different sectors of the economy. These new offers for the low income consumer had been often based in more affordable prices for the consumption capacity of this tier. This movement of popular brands empowerment awaked the reaction of premium brands. To guide the strategy of great companies, in this pursue for reconnecting with poor consumers, is important to deeply understand their relation with brands. The present dissertation had then the objective to get a better understanding of the role and meaning of brands in the purchase decision process of products, within the segments of soft drink and powdered soap, for low income consumers. To reach that goal, ten (10) in depth interviews with women pertaining to C and D tiers, residents in the state of Rio de Janeiro and responsible for the supermarket purchase of their families, had been carried through. Despite the research does not consider to explore the utility of the variables used for these women in the purchase decision, it could be observed that a hierarchy exists. In soft drink purchase, the interviewed women mostly evaluate (1) soft drinks not disapproved by their family, (2) price, (3) available budget and (4) preferred brands (premium brands). In the powdered soap purchase, the choice seems to be made taking in consideration (1) brand (expressed as being the option for quality), (2) price and (3) available budget. Evaluating the subjective elements of the purchase and going beyond the speech of the interviewed women, the purchase of soft drink (of brands approved by their family) brings rewards through compliment of kids and husband; while the purchase of powdered soap of premium brand (perceived for them as better quality brands) brings a feeling of accomplishment in taking care of their families, the certainty to have done the precise purchase, more intelligent, of better cost/benefit. Is perceived then that the value equation that drives the purchase decision of these low income women is not simple and is not unique. They seem to exist different models in purchase decision taking of distinct products (soft drink and powdered soap).
Hamilton, K. L. "Low-income families : coping with consumer disadvantage." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426732.
Full textAssis, Evange Elias. "Modelos de análise integrada para a definição de estratégias de marketing e comunicação de produtos eletroeletrônicos populares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-01122010-093819/.
Full textSince the Real Plan was introduced in 1994, bringing with it a stable currency and easier credit, there has been a noted increase in spending among members of the lower-income population in various market sectors. In addition to lower prices, an indispensable factor when targeting this section of the population, there is discussion of marketing and communication strategies used by companies operating in the lowend market and how they plan such strategies. Within this context, the overall objective of this study is to develop integrated analysis models for defining marketing and communication strategies for low-end household appliances and electronics. An exploratory approach was taken in this study, comprising a study of the literature (books, dissertations, theses, magazines, newspapers, and websites) and two phases of empirical research: first qualitative, then quantitative. The study group comprised marketing and communications executives at companies affiliated with Eletros (National Association of Appliance and Electronic Product Manufacturers). The theoretical component of the study involved defining low-end products and the low-income population, and analysing low-income consumers, marketing and communication strategies, brand building, the use of BCG, GE and SWOT analyses, and different business models that could be adopted by the companies studied. Results showed that companies mostly used SWOT analyses and market surveys when planning marketing and communication strategies. However, this planning isnt specific for low-end products. In general, they concentrate on the product, and in second place (with the same relevance), on price and market analyses. Based on these findings, integrated analysis methods were designed for use when planning marketing and communication strategies for low-end household appliances and electronics.
BAUMWORCEL, CARLA CATRAN. "LOW-INCOME CONSUMER DEBT AND BEAUTY PRODUCTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34180@1.
Full textThe objective of the present study is to analyze the reasons that lead low-income consumers to Indulge in beauty products, even when they are in debt. Marketing literature indicates that the motives driving low-income women to consume beauty products are closely related to their feelings of inferiority toward women of the higher purchasing power classes. This helps to explain the reason why the consumption of beauty products can resist the effects of the crisis that Brazil is experiencing, since the Brazilian has chosen to give up leisure spending instead of reducing purchases of products and services related to beauty and esthetics. To reach the proposed objective, a qualitative and exploratory research was carried out. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with low-income women, who were already in debt, but did not stop consuming beauty products. Through the interviews, it was possible to understand the reasons that lead low-income consumers to consume shampoos, perfumes, enamels and other beauty products, even if this meant going deeper into their state of debt..
SCHULZE, MARIANNE FATIO. "WHAT DOES LUXURY MEANS TO A LOW INCOME CONSUMER?: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24294@1.
Full textOs grupos de baixa renda no Brasil não eram considerados como mercado para produtos e serviços (ROCHA, SILVA, 2009). Essa visão é modificada, a partir da década de 1980, quando começam a surgir estudos que abordam outras questões que não apenas a escassez material dessas famílias (BARROS, ROCHA, 2007). Ainda se sabe muito pouco sobre esses consumidores, que representam mais da metade da população brasileira, com cerca de 100 milhões de pessoas (CHAUVEL, MATTOS, 2008). Pesquisas recentes envolvendo seus hábitos de consumo podem ser observadas, principalmente devido ao aumento do poder aquisitivo, no entanto, poucos foram analisadas as particularidades desse grupo em relação ao conceito de luxo. Apesar desse conceito ter sido amplamente explorado na literatura (SOUZA et al., 2013), seu foco sempre foi orientado para as camadas superiores da sociedade (D ANGELO, 2004). A tentativa de entender o significado do luxo para o consumidor de baixa renda é ainda um assunto pouco discutido na literatura, sendo esta a motivação principal da escolha deste estudo, que se baseia na abordagem hermenêutica para entenderesse significado. Para isso, foi escolhida uma comunidade de baixa renda na zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, onde foram realizadas 13 entrevistas em profundidade com homens e mulheres. Os achados do estudo revelam que o significado de luxo varia de acordo com a história de vida e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelas pessoas em suas trajetórias. Assim, para aqueles que tiveram um passado marcado pelas dificuldades e carências materiais, luxo significa poder ter conforto, sendo atribuído a todos os produtos conquistados com dinheiro e esforço próprios. Por outro lado, para aqueles que nunca viveram na fartura, e nem tiveram as mesmas restrições, o luxo é visto como diferenciação, sendo atribuído a produtos mais caros e, muitas vezes, de difícil acesso.
The low-income groups in Brazil were not considered as a market for products and services (ROCHA, 2009). This view is modified after 1980, when studies addressing other issues than just material scarcity of these families arise (BARROS, ROCHA, 2007). Very little about these customers, which represent more than half of the Brazilian population, with about 100 million people is known until now (CHAUVEL, MATTOS, 2008). Recent marketing surveys about the low-income group s consumption habits can be found, mainly due to the increased purchasing power this segment has experienced in recent years, but the peculiarities of this group in relation to luxury have been little explored, despite the fact that the concept of luxury having been widely explored in literature (SOUZA et al., 2013). Its focus has always been placed on the upper strata of society (D ANGELO, 2004). The attempt to understand the meaning of luxury to low-income consumers is still little discussed in literature. This was the main motivation for choice of this theme for this study, which is based on the hermeneuticalapproach to understanding this meaning. To accomplish this, a small low-income community in the Southern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro was chosen to be the sample, where 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with both genders. The study findings reveal that the meaning of luxury varies according to the life history and the difficulties experienced by the person in his life. So, for those who have had a past marked by difficulties and by material shortages, luxury means power get comfort, as a general value assigned to all products obtained through their money and efforts. On the other hand, for those who never lived in plenty, but have never experienced the same restrictions, luxury is valued as differentiation, being assigned to products more expensive and often more difficult to have access to.
Wilson, Therese Ann. "Regulating to facilitate access to safe and affordable, small amount consumer credit for low income Australians." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366998.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Opacic, Sofija. "The low-income consumer in Greater Reading : an analysis of constrained food shopping behaviour." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262097.
Full textJiménez, Montesinos Jorge Alberto. "A credit risk management model for a portfolio of low-income consumer loans in Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90749.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 144-147).
Low-income consumer lending (LICL) in Latin America has experienced a boom in recent years. This has attracted the interest of a large number of financial players eager to capture a portion in this still under-banked segment. Despite this huge market potential, credit risk management in this segment is still mainly based on the subjective expertise of credit managers, with few exceptions making use of robust statistical techniques. The result of this subjective decision process is a sub-optimal concession of loans that leaves this strategic segment without adequate financing opportunities. In this work we develop a cutting-edge probability of default (PD) model specifically designed for the LICL segment. This research is one of the first academic works that explores the applicability of four cutting-edge quantitative methods with real operation data from one of the pioneers in the low-end credit segment in Mexico: Mimoni Group. The analysis was carried out on a sample of 2,000 loans including 741 defaults and 1,259 nondefaults, spanning the 2013 to 2014 time period. We run a total of 108 models utilizing Logistic regressions, CART models, Random Trees, and Clustering over training and out-of-sample data sets. Our results not only generated powerful models in terms of statistical accuracy in out-of-sample data sets, but also provided a detail list of robust PD predictors (at 95% levels) and their dynamics in explaining the default event for two Mexican low-income customer segments. Our results demonstrate the direct applicability that robust quantitative models have in improving and complementing the lending decision process in the growing LICL segment.
by Jorge Alberto Jiménez Montesinos.
S.M. in Management Studies
Starkey, Simone. "An investigation of low-income consumer-buying behaviour in the personal-care industry in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27488.
Full textIsaksen, Katja. "Consumer culture, branding and British adolescents : a vicious cycle? : a comparison between high and low-income adolescents." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/consumer-culture-branding-and-british-adolescents-a-vicious-cycle-a-comparison-between-high-and-lowincome-adolescents(94a6b8e2-c339-447b-ba93-110b4dc22755).html.
Full textHeckman, Stuart J. "A Comparison of Two Savings Measures: An Application of Institutional Theory Among Low-Income Households." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343753078.
Full textNdlovu, Shweshwe. "Barriers to consumer acceptance of innovative building technologies for low-cost housing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81683.
Full textMini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Prado, Karen Perrotta Lopes de Almeida. "A preferência da marca no processo de decisão de compra: um estudo exploratório no segmento de baixa renda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-19012009-104931/.
Full textThe growing purchasing power of low-income families in Brazil has made this segment an attractive market for companies in a range of areas. The economic and social relevance of this section of Brazils population still doesnt appear to be reflected in marketing knowledge, however, since there is little information available and few studies on the subject. As such, the aim of this thesis is to investigate brand preference among mothers of low-income families when deciding what food products to buy. To this end, our theoretical foundation involved the specific examination of consumer behavior, brand and price theories. We also considered the characteristics of low-income Brazilian consumers. Our field research was conducted in two phases. In the first a qualitative, exploratory study we conducted in-depth interviews with mothers to establish which factors came into play when purchasing powered-chocolate drinks; milk-based drinks; filled cookies; sugar-coated corn flakes; processed cheese, and snack foods (corn chips and potato chips). The factors identified in the in-depth interviews were: for powered-chocolate drinks: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and packaging (screw-on or pull-off lids); for milk-based drinks: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and illustrations; for filled cookies: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and collectors cards; for sugarcoated corn flakes: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and surprise at the bottom of the box; for processed cheese: brand, price, nutrition (with or without vitamins and minerals), and illustrations; for corn chips: brand, price, nutrition (with or without trans fatty acids), and surprise at the bottom of the packet; and, finally, for potato chips: brand, price, nutrition (with or without trans fatty acids), and flavor (natural, barbecue, and parsley and onion). The interviews were then given interpretative textual and template analyses. In the second phase of field research a quantitative, exploratory study we conducted interviews following a script developed from the results of the first phase. We sought to investigate brand importance when deciding which product to buy in order to determine if brand preference influenced the purchase of all products or only specific items. To assess these interviews a conjoint analysis was carried out for each individual product. The results obtained showed that mothers of low-income families bought all of the products studied according to brand. After the conjoint analysis, we conducted a cluster analysis in order to group mothers with similar preferences and analyze the composition of these groups with respect to the auxiliary variables included in the questionnaire. For some products, three clusters were established, while for others there were four. This revealed that the mothers of low-income families are not all alike; in other words, companies need to develop specific marketing strategies for each type of mother. However, because the sample was not probabilistic and the techniques were adopted, inferences were not made for the entire Brazilian population.
Francischelli, Paulo. "A importância da marca no processo de decisão de compra de calçados esportivos para a população de baixa renda." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4228.
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Desde a estabilidade econômica que ocorreu no Brasil em 1994 até os dias atuais, o mercado brasileiro vem crescendo aceleradamente, atraindo a entrada de marcas internacionais e estimulando a indústria nacional com o surgimento de fortes marcas locais. Este movimento incentiva o surgimento de novos consumidores com importante poder de compra, como as classes mais baixas da sociedade, antes vista como a parte neste processo. As empresas começam então a desenvolver estratégias para atrair tal público, estudando seu comportamento de consumo. O uso de marcas fortes passa a se destacar. O segmento de calçado esportivos, em especial o tênis, com um crescimento anual de 8% e uma produção de 80 milhões de pares/ano, é um forte exemplo. Com base nesse cenário, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo compreender a importância da marca no processo de decisão de compra dos produtos da categoria de calçados esportivos para os consumidores da classe C e D. Para tanto, foram analisadas bibliografias referentes ao comportamento do consumidor e o os atributos considerados no processo de decisão de compra, em especial a importância da marca. Foram levantados dados sobre a população de baixa renda no Brasil e seu comportamento de compra, e sobre o mercado de calçados esportivos. Foram realizadas entrevistas com dez consumidores pertencentes a este público com o intuito de conhecer seus hábitos de consumo e uso de tênis, e a participação da marca no seu processo de decisão de compra. Dessa forma, pode-se perceber que este público tem preferência pelo tênis como sapato que pode ser usado em todas as ocasiões. A marca é o principal atributo para a compra desse produto, sendo mais importante que o preço ou local de compra. Ela é a garantia de qualidade, mas, em uma análise mais profunda, também é usada como um forte fator de distinção social intraclasse, recebendo uma forte influência da mídia e de celebridades, que são vistas como heróis, dentro de um processo de projeção de sua identidade.
Santos, Sergio Antonio dos. "Lealdade às marcas de produtos e às marcas de lojas de varejo: um estudo comparativo entre consumidores de baixa e alta renda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-18122009-105953/.
Full textInterest in understanding the behavior of Low Income consumer has been gaining importance lately. This increasing interest is based upon the understanding that the future growth of economies and enterprises depend more and more on the insertion of these consumers in consume process. The aim of this essay was to verify if Low Income consumers present differences concerning loyalty behavior towards the product brand and retail store brand. Moreover it tried to compare the loyalty behavior towards the product brand and retail store brand among people of Low Income and High Income and to identify the possible causes of the found differences . To reach this purpose it was performed a research type survey with Low Income and High Income consumers by means of two structured questionnaires, one concerned to product (television) brands and other concerned to retail stores brands. The analyses process dealt with tests of difference proportion , averages and association and analyses of multiple variance The results showed that the position in the income class had no influence, in a statistically significant way, on the loyalty behavior, either concerning product brands or retail store brands. However the study showed the existence of significant differences in the loyalty process between store and product not associated to income, which show that consumer has a more intense relationship with product brands than with store brands. In this way, the consumers that responded about brands evaluated better the constructs Value and Commitment, recognized as antecedents of the loyalty behavior, than the ones that responded about the retail store brand. At the end, the academic and managing contributions of the study as well the suggestions concerning further studies are presented.
SCHROEDER, VANESSA SANTOS. "A STUDY ON THE MEANING OF THE CONSUMER OF BEAUTY AND HYGIENICS PRODUCTS FOR HAIR IN THE LOW INCOME CLASS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14703@1.
Full textThe economic growth occurred in Brazil in the last decade has emerged a slice of the market hitherto repressed consumption, the classes C, D and E. The number of jobs, access to credit, raising the income, combined with government incentives such as the Bolsa Família program and welfare, produced a phenomenon without precedent in the history of the country, the strengthening of consumption in the low income population. In the sector of personal hygiene, perfumery and cosmetics (HPPC) the scene was especially friendly with average growth of 13.5% per year. They were motivated mainly by the entry of women into the labor market, causing behavioral changes in public and women in the structure of families. This dissertation had the objective to understand the meanings attributed by the public women of low income in the consumption of products HPPC, specifically in the area of health and beauty hair. Thus, we examined bibliographies in consumer behavior and decision-making process of buying, and the influence of the social culture and the behavior of consumption. Thus, this study found that the care the beauty is directly connected to the projection image and recognition, either through social or professional group, and ultimately, a symbol is directly related to the elevation of self-esteem and the search social integration.
Paschall, Katherine Wendy. "Risk and Resilience in Low-Income Families: Linking Contextual Risks, Parenting Styles, Child Emotion Regulation, Maltreatment, and Early Head Start." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612537.
Full textJunior, Eduardo Neder Issa. "Comportamento do consumidor de baixa renda: um estudo sobre o processo de compra de preservativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-22042008-004526/.
Full textThis thesis is about the behavior of a specific group of brazilian consumers who are classified as low income people. It aims to evaluate how they choose and buy condoms. There are mainly two factors that make this research important: the first one is related to the fact that the number of low income people with Aids is increasing; the second one is related to the growing birth rate in the low income group. The social and economical consequences of these factors are really serious. Using condom can be one of the ways to prevent Aids and pregnancy. Because of this, condom has an important role in this situation. This research intends to understand the profile of the low income groups, their way of living and buying, especially condoms. The theoretical review is based on the consumer behavior, relating it to the searches about the condom using habits and their attributes. The marketing research aims to identify which condom attributes are considered more important by the low income consumers and how such attributes are important or not to these consumers. The main results show that the consumers really consider the condom brand and price, but they also consider the format and texture. Finally, we conclude that there are marketing opportunities related to the condom attributes identified as the most important ones to the low income consumers.
Simmons, Jennifer. "The relationship between consumer debt and mental health." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/910.
Full textB.S.W.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Social Work