Journal articles: 'Low-grade phosphate'

1

Hernáinz, F., M. Calero, and G. Blázquez. "Flotation of low-grade phosphate ore." Advanced Powder Technology 15, no. 4 (2004): 421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568552041270491.

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2

Sibi, G. "Role of phosphate solubilizing fungi during phosphocompost production and their effect on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plants." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.199.

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma viride) in phosphocompost preparation along with low grade rock phosphate. Co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi significantly increased the nutrient value of the compost that explores high P-solubilizing potential of A.awamori and T.viride which can be exploited for the solubilization of fixed phosphates thereby enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. Rock phosphate application along with phosphate solubilizing fungi increased 69.2% acid phosphatase and 65% alkaline phosphatase activity over ordinary compost. With co-inoculation, maximum P content (64.3%) was observed followed by single inoculation with A.awamori (62.2%). The present findings revealed that phosphate solubilizing fungi can interact positively in promoting nutrient content of compost and plant growth leading to improved yield.

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3

Kandah, Munther Issa. "Zinc and cadmium adsorption on low-grade phosphate." Separation and Purification Technology 35, no. 1 (February 2004): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(03)00131-x.

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4

Abbes, Noureddine, Essaid Bilal, Ludwig Hermann, Gerald Steiner, and Nils Haneklaus. "Thermal Beneficiation of Sra Ouertane (Tunisia) Low-Grade Phosphate Rock." Minerals 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110937.

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Low-grade phosphate rock from Sra Ouertane (Tunisia) was beneficiated using a thermal treatment consisting of calcination, quenching, and disliming. Untreated phosphate rock samples (group 1), calcined phosphate rock samples (group 2), as well as calcined, quenched, and dislimed (group 3) phosphate rock samples, were investigated using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Besides, the particle size distribution of the aforementioned three groups was determined. The proposed thermal treatment successfully increased the P2O5 content of the untreated phosphate rock from 20.01 wt% (group 1) to 24.24 wt% (group 2) after calcination and, finally, 27.24 wt% (group 3) after calcination, quenching, and disliming. It was further found that the concentration of relevant accompanying rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, and Y) was increased and that the concentration of Cd could be significantly reduced from 30 mg/kg to 14 mg/kg with the proposed treatment. The resulting phosphate concentrate showed relatively high concentrations in metal oxides: Ʃ MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3 = 3.63 wt% and silica (9.81 wt%) so that it did not meet the merchant grade specifications of a minimum P2O5 content of 30 wt% yet. Removal of these elements could be achieved using additional appropriate separation techniques.

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5

Zafar, Zafar Iqbal, M. M. Anwar, and D. W. Pritchard. "Innovations in beneficiation technology for low grade phosphate rocks." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 46, no. 2 (1996): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00704313.

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6

Biswas, D. R., and G. Narayanasamy. "Rock phosphate enriched compost: An approach to improve low-grade Indian rock phosphate." Bioresource Technology 97, no. 18 (December 2006): 2243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.004.

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7

Bhatti, Muhammad Arif, Abdul Ahad, Kamran Raza Kazmi, Uzma Zafar, Athar Amin, and Adnan Akram. "Flotation Studies on Low-Grade Phosphate Rock of Tarnawai, District Abbottabad, KPK Province, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 63, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.63.2.2020.101.111.

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A low-grade siliceous sedimentary phosphate rock assaying 22.05% P205 was upgraded by double float (direct and reverse) technology. The rock contains collophane (carbonate fluorapatite) as the valuable phosphate mineral along with siliceous, carbonaceous and clay minerals. A process was developed which yielded a high-grade phosphate concentrate with improved recovery rate. The developed process consists of three parts. The first part includes wet grinding of ore to liberation point followed by separation of fines (slimes) by cone classifier. The finely ground deslimed ore was floated by direct anionic flotation using oleic acid collector to get rougher phosphate concentrate. It was cleaned once using additional quantity of reagents. In the second part, the fines generated during grinding operation were floated by column flotation to recover phosphate values. The cleaned concentrate and column concentrate were mixed together and washed thoroughly with hot water to remove the attached reagents. The final part comprises of cationic flotation of combined phosphate concentrate with fatty amine collector to float away quartz and silicates and to leave behind phosphate values. The grade of final phosphate concentrate was found to be 32.85% P205 with an overall recovery of 88.14%. The concentrate obtained meets the specifications of fertilizer and acid grade.

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8

Yan, Fu Kun, Qing Fei Xiao, Xiong Tong, Sheng Kui Ren, Rui Guo, and Zai Quan Zhao. "Research on Selective Grinding of Yunnan Low-Grade Phosphate Rock." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.286.

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In view of the mid-low grade phosphate rock somewhere in Yunnan province, first of all study the mechanical properties of ore, on the basis of which combine Duanshi semi diameter theory formula and crushing statistic mechanics, optimized from diameters, shapes and proportion of the grinding medias, increasing the grinding selectivity only to get selective optimization scheme, finally proved by practice, after changing the media system, on the basis of original mill processing capacity increased by 19.54%, the average steel consumption reduced more than 10%, the particle size of grinding product is easy to process, having an obvious energy saving effect.

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9

Zafar, Zafar Iqbal, M. M. Anwar, and D. W. Pritchard. "Beneficial Route of Low-Grade Phosphate Rocks for Fertilizer Production." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 34, no. 12 (December 1995): 4501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00039a042.

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10

Kandah, M. I. "The Potential Use of Low-Grade Phosphate Rocks as Adsorbent." Chemical Engineering & Technology 25, no. 9 (September 10, 2002): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(20020910)25:9<921::aid-ceat921>3.0.co;2-g.

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11

Benedek, Peter, Nils Wenzler, Maksym Yarema, and Vanessa C. Wood. "Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis of battery grade lithium iron phosphate." RSC Advances 7, no. 29 (2017): 17763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00463j.

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Battery-grade LiFePO₄ is prepared via low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Optimizing the precursor concentration and the reaction time saves more than 30% energy compared to earlier hydrothermal syntheses of LiFePO₄ nanoparticles.

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12

Whelan, JS, CL Davis, S. Rule, M. Ranson, OP Smith, AB Mehta, D. Catovsky, AZS Rohatiner, and TA Lister. "Fludarabine phosphate for the treatment of low grade lymphoid malignancy." British Journal of Cancer 64, no. 1 (July 1991): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1991.253.

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13

Boujlel, Haïfa, Ghassen Daldoul, Haïfa Tlil, Radhia Souissi, Noureddine Chebbi, Nabil Fattah, and Fouad Souissi. "The Beneficiation Processes of Low-Grade Sedimentary Phosphates of Tozeur-Nefta Deposit (Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin: South of Tunisia)." Minerals 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010002.

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The enrichment of the low-grade-phosphate ore of the Tozeur-Nefta deposit was investigated using scrubbing-attrition, ball grinding and anionic/cationic reverse flotation in order to separate phosphate-rich particles from their gangue. The choice of the beneficiation process was based on the petrographic, mineralogical and chemical analyses. The petrographic and mineralogical studies have revealed the abundance of phosphatic (carbonate-fluorapatite-CFA) particles) coupled with carbonates (calcite, dolomite,) and silicates (quartz, illite, kaolonite) that constitute the (endo/exo) gangue of these ores. Chemical analysis has demonstrated that the raw phosphate sample contains low amounts of P2O5 (12.0%) and MgO (4.9%) and high amounts of CaO (40.7%) and SiO2 (20.5%). Microscopic observation/counting has shown that the release mesh occurs in the 71–315 μm size. Scrubbing-attrition, grinding and reverse flotation methods were applied to the +71μm fraction. Scrubbing-attrition tests of the 71–315 μm fraction have helped to improve the P2O5 grade to 15.5%. Ball-grinding tests were used to reduce the coarse fraction +315 μm. Grounded materials were sieved to 71–315 μm and combined with the scrubbed fraction in the flotation feed. Reverse-flotation tests of the phosphate-rich fraction (71–315 μm) have helped to improve the P2O5 grade to 27.1%, with a recovery rate of 92.4%.

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14

Ruan, He, and Chi. "Review on Beneficiation Techniques and Reagents Used for Phosphate Ores." Minerals 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040253.

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Phosphate ore is an important raw material for manufacturing fertilizers and phosphorous chemical products. While most of the phosphate resources cannot be directly treated as feed stock due to the low grade of P2O5 and high content of impurities. In order to obtain a qualified phosphate concentrate, the beneficiation of the low-grade phosphate ore is, hence, of great necessity. Many beneficiation techniques can be employed to upgrade the P2O5 grade of phosphate ores based on their characteristics in chemical composition and texture. The flotation process is most widely applied to balance the P2O5 recovery ratio and cost. In this review, the dominant techniques for the beneficiation of phosphate ores are introduced. Moreover, the factors that affect the flotation of phosphate ore, including the properties of mineralogy, flotation reagents (depressants and collectors) and flotation medium, were systematically analyzed.

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15

Yuan, Xiao Li, and Wen Tang Xia. "Removal of Phosphate Anions from Wastewater by Wasted Low Grade Iron Ore with High Phosphorus Adsorbent." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.127.

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Low grade ore iron with high phosphorus(LGIOWHP), an industrial solid waste is used as an adsorbent to remove phosphate anions from wastewater. The effects of initial pH, stirring speed, reaction time, reaction temperature and adsorbent dosage on the phosphate removal rate were investigated. The results show that the phosphate removal rate exceed 99% under the optimal conditions. After phosphate removal reaction, the phosphate concentrations completely meet the requirement of national discharge standards of the second category pollution (GB 8978- 1996).

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16

Keleş, Eda, A. Kadir Özer, and Sedat Yörük. "Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by rock phosphate (low-grade)." Desalination 253, no. 1-3 (April 2010): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.11.021.

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17

Singh, C. P., D. S. Ruhal, and M. Singh. "The solubilization of low-grade rock phosphate with anaerobic digester slurry." International Biodeterioration 23, no. 4 (January 1987): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(87)90004-2.

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18

Dalal, R. C., J. M. Oades, and D. G. Lewis. "Fertiliser effectiveness of acid extracted phosphorus from low grade phosphate rock." Fertilizer Research 17, no. 2 (September 1988): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01050277.

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19

Zafar, Zafar Iqbal, M. M. Anwar, and D. W. Pritchard. "Optimization of thermal beneficiation of a low grade dolomitic phosphate rock." International Journal of Mineral Processing 43, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(94)00043-y.

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20

Wu, Qinghui, Junqi Li, Xiaodong Lv, Benjun Xv, Chaoyi Chen, and Run Huang. "Reaction Mechanism of Low-Grade Phosphate Ore During Vacuum Carbothermal Reduction." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 1484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02117-6.

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21

Basak, B. B. "Phosphorus Release by Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids from Low-Grade Indian Rock Phosphate." Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, no. 11 (June 11, 2018): 3225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0361-3.

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22

Li, Hao, Gideon Lambiv Dzemua, and Qi Liu. "Beneficiation Studies of the Low-Grade Skarn Phosphate from Mactung Tungsten Deposit, Yukon, Canada." Minerals 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040421.

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A preliminary beneficiation study of low-grade skarn phosphate rocks from Mactung tungsten deposit, along the Yukon and Northwest Territories border in Canada, was carried out through standard Bond Work Index, grinding test and laboratory batch flotation tests. The skarn phosphate sample assayed 12.65% P2O5 (about 30% apatite), 31.71% CaO and 35.46% SiO2. The main gangue minerals included calcite, quartz, calc-silicates, amphibole, feldspar, and pyrrhotite. The sample had a Bond Work Index of 19.04 kWh/t, belonging to a hard ore category. The beneficiation study of the skarn phosphate sample was carried out using “direct–reverse flotation” method. The direct flotation was carried out using sodium carbonate, sodium silicate solution (water glass) and sodium oleate. Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid were used in the reverse flotation of the carbonate gangue. One phosphorous rougher flotation, one bulk cleaner flotation and one carbonate reverse flotation at ore grind size of 86% passing 53 µm led to a phosphate concentrate assaying 28.68% P2O5, 12.06% SiO2, 0.72% MgO and 46.98% CaO, at a P2O5 recovery of 70.9%.

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23

Rao, G. V., and Swati Mohanty. "Optimization of flotation parameters for enhancement of grade and recovery of phosphate from low-grade dolomitic rock phosphate ore from Jhamarkotra, India." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 19, no. 3 (August 2002): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403168.

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24

Xiao, Hong, Quan Jun Liu, Mei Guang Jiang, and Jun Long Yang. "The Flotation Test of Collophanite in Yunnan Province." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.259.

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The samples belong to low grade siliceous collophanite. Main useful mineral is cellophane and main gangue minerals are quartz , calcite and dolomite. The grade of P2O5 is 21.98% and the grade of SiO2 is 31.34%. Through the straight-reverse flotation, the phosphate concentrates with a grade of 27.68% and the recovery of 83.04% were obtained. The content of MgO is 0.92% in phosphate concentrates.

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25

Na, Wang. "Research progress in activation of phosphorus containing substances and remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016502033.

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The phenomenon of soil phosphorus deficiency in China is very serious, which limits the agricultural production in China. Low molecular weight organic acids and phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms are widely distributed in the soil, and can be used as activators to improve the content of phosphorus in the soil. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in China, heavy metal pollution in the environment is becoming more and more serious. China is rich in phosphate rock resources, but the grade of phosphate rock is low and the utilization efficiency is not high. Using phosphate rock to deal with heavy metal pollution has been favored by environmental scholars. This paper analyzes the main composition and application of phosphate rock in China, the activation of phosphate rock powder, the remediation effect and mechanism of phosphate rock powder and activated phosphate rock powder on heavy metals in soil, providing theoretical basis for the scientific utilization of low-grade phosphate rock and the treatment of heavy metal pollution.

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26

Guo, Yong Jie, Ling Pan Du, Jin Zhong, Fu Yue Fang, and Ci Yun Chen. "Study on Separation of a Low Magnesium Semi-Weathered Phosphate Ore from Yunnan." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.852.

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Weathered phosphate ore is an important part of phosphate ore resources, it contains a huge reserves of weathered phosphate ore resources in Yunnan regions. With the gradual consumption of the rich phosphate ore resources, recycling for weathering phosphate ore is receiving more and more people's attention. In this study, using a low magnesium semi-weathered phosphate ore which from Yunnan Dianchi Lake area as the research object, and based on its ore properties established a experimental program of pre- desliming with cyclone and then flotation. The loss rate of P2O5 under 20% on the desliming operation, then under the condition of ore grade of P2O5 is 21.23% using a positive-reverse flotation process, ultimately obtained a test indicators of phosphate concentrate of P2O5 grade of 28.41% and P2O5 recovery of 87.25%, which is a foundation of development and application of phosphate ore from Tian Ning semi-weathering ore.

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27

Kandil, Abdel-Hakim T., Hamed I. Mira, Mohamed H. Taha, and Mohamed F. Kamel. "Production of pure phosphoric acid from El-Sebaeya low-grade phosphate ore." Separation Science and Technology 52, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1252778.

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28

Gharabaghi, M., M. Noaparast, and M. Irannajad. "Selective leaching kinetics of low-grade calcareous phosphate ore in acetic acid." Hydrometallurgy 95, no. 3-4 (February 2009): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.04.011.

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29

Zafar, Zafar Iqbal, M. M. Anwar, and D. W. Pritchard. "A new route for the beneficiation of low grade calcareous phosphate rocks." Fertilizer Research 44, no. 2 (1995): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00750803.

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30

Liu, Yuantao, Zhaohui Qin, and Bing Chen. "Influence of low-grade bauxite on the properties of magnesium phosphate cement." Construction and Building Materials 242 (May 2020): 118052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118052.

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31

Huang, Qi Mao, Jing Jing Huang, Hong Zhou, Zhi Quan Pan, and Ru An Chi. "Synthesis and Application of α-Chloro Oleic Acid Monoester Floating Collector." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.596.

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Novel floatation collector for phosphate ore, α-chloro oleic acid monoester of tartaric acid, was synthesized by steps of chlorination, acylation, esterification with oleic acid as raw material. The flotation properties for a low-grade collophanite in Hubei were evaluated. Result showed that novel collector had better performance than common fatty acid collector by less dosage. Its further application and promotion is significant for reducing the mineral processing cost of low-grade phosphate rocks.

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32

Yuan, Xiao Li, Wen Tang Xia, and Juan An. "Wasted Low Grade Iron Ore with High Phosphorus Reuse for Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Using a Factorial Design." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.106.

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Low grade ore iron with high phosphorus (LGIOWHP) is used as an adsorbent to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. The orthogonal experiment of L16(45) was used to study the effects of experimental parameters on the phosphate removal rate. The important degree of the effects of parameters on the phosphate removal rate is as follows: initial pH > stirring speed > reaction time > reaction temperature > adsorbent dosage. The results show that the phosphate removal rate exceed 99% under the conditions of pH 5.6, temperature 65 °C, reaction time 75 min, particle size <0.147 mm, initial phosphate concentration 20 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 60g·L-1and stirring speed 200 r·min-1. After phosphate removal reaction, the phosphate concentrations completely meet the requirement of national discharge standards of the second category pollution (GB 8978-1996 ).

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33

Xie, Fei, Jie Zhang, Jiyan Chen, Jianrui Wang, and Lin Wu. "Research on Enrichment of P2O5 from Low-Grade Carbonaceous Phosphate Ore via Organic Acid Solution." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9859580.

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The theory of using dilute organic acid solutions to leach the carbonaceous part from low-grade carbonaceous phosphate ore has been proposed by researchers as an effective approach to increase the proportion of P and to utilize the abundant low-grade resource. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental study was carried out to confirm the feasibility of organic acid leaching and investigate the optimized leaching conditions. Utilizing the low-grade carbonaceous phosphate ore produced in Zhijin, southwest of China, the effects of different types of acid, acid concentrations, reaction temperatures, reaction times, and liquid-solid ratios on leaching rate of P2O5 were evaluated using single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The reaction mechanism, examined by SEM technique and the reaction thermodynamic analysis suggested that the leaching of P2O5 mainly resulted from the process of dissolution of dolomite (the main gangue mineral) in organic acid, consequently enriching the phosphate rock (the mineral of value). The effectiveness and impacts of different types of acid and reaction conditions were also studied. To conclude, this study first confirmed the viability of enriching P2O5 from low-grade ores through organic acid leaching the carbonaceous part by experimental data, and the experimental results will provide an essential scientific support for further upgrade of the technology to commercial scale utilization.

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He, Xuan, and Run Huang. "Effect of different carbon sources on vacuum carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphorus ore." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210219013h.

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In this study, the effect of different carbon sources on the carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphate ore were examined using FactSage7.2 calculations and vacuum reduction experiments. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the trend of the effect for three types of reducing agents was generally consistent under 1 Pa pressure and 14% carbon dosage. The reduction effect was maximum when graphite was used as the reducing agent, and a maximum mass of P was obtained at 1250 ?C. The vacuum experiment results showed that the reduction and volatilization ratios of phosphate rock increased with temperature for different carbon sources. Maximum reduction ratio was obtained using graphite in the temperature range 1250-1300?C. The reduction effect of pulverized coal was optimal at 1350?C, when SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO in the pulverized coal ash were exposed to form low-melting eutectics with CaO due to the increased degree of reaction, and the heat and mass transfer rates were increased. At this time, a maximum reduction ratio of 51.77% of the sample and a maximum volatilization ratio of 82.44% of P were achieved. Considering the cost effectiveness, pulverized coal was the optimum carbon source for the treatment of low-grade phosphate rock using vacuum carbothermal reduction.

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35

He, Xuan, and Run Huang. "Effect of different carbon sources on vacuum carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphorus ore." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210219017h.

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In this study, the effect of different carbon sources on the carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphate ore were examined using FactSage7.2 calculations and vacuum reduction experiments. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the trend of the effect for three types of reducing agents was generally consistent under 1 Pa pressure and 14% carbon dosage. The reduction effect was maximum when graphite was used as the reducing agent, and a maximum mass of P was obtained at 1250 ?C. The vacuum experiment results showed that the reduction and volatilization ratios of phosphate rock increased with temperature for different carbon sources. Maximum reduction ratio was obtained using graphite in the temperature range 1250-1300 ?C. The reduction effect of pulverized coal was optimal at 1350 ?C, when SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO in the pulverized coal ash were exposed to form low-melting eutectics with CaO due to the increased degree of reaction, and the heat and mass transfer rates were increased. At this time, a maximum reduction ratio of 51.77% of the sample and a maximum volatilization ratio of 82.44% of P were achieved. Considering the cost effectiveness, pulverized coal was the optimum carbon source for the treatment of low-grade phosphate rock using vacuum carbothermal reduction.

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36

Al-Rub, Fahmi A. Abu. "Sorption of Lead Ions from Simulated Industrial Wastewater onto Jordanian Low-Grade Phosphate." Adsorption Science & Technology 22, no. 2 (March 2004): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361704323150944.

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37

李, 鹏飞. "Study on the Mechanism of Pyrolysis Reduction Process of Low-Grade Phosphate Rock." Open Journal of Natural Science 08, no. 04 (2020): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojns.2020.84031.

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38

Wu, Qinghui, Run Huang, Xiaodong Lv, Xing Qian, Li Liu, and Jinzhu Zhang. "Effect of temperature on the vacuum carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphate ore." Materials Research Express 6, no. 7 (April 17, 2019): 075513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab17a6.

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39

Zafar, Zafar Iqbal. "Beneficiation of low grade carbonate-rich phosphate rocks using dilute acetic acid solution." Fertilizer Research 34, no. 2 (1993): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00750112.

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40

Souza, Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira, Anibal de Sant'Anna Moretti, Fernanda Marcussi Tucci, Nedilse Helena de Souza, Paulo Ademar Martins Leal, and Nelson Haruo Anzai. "Phosphorus availability of rock phosphates as compared with feed-grade phosphates for swine." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000100012.

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One hundred ninety two swine were used in a trial to assess the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (RBP) in six phosphate sources. Phosphates were three feed grade phosphates (FP), two made in Brasil, and one USA made, and three rock phosphate samples (RP) originated from two mines sites in Brasil, and one mine site in Israel. Levels of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine in RP were 29, 12 and 1.7% (RP source 1), 33, 14 and 1.4% (RP source 2), and 30, 14 and 3.6% (RP source 3), respectively. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (18% CP, 0.95% Lys, 0.75% Ca, 0.37% P) or the basal diet with 0.15% P from a standard purified grade calcium phosphate (SP), or with 0.15% P from experimental FP or RP. Each diet was fed to six pen replicates of four pigs per pen for 35 days (14.4 to 39.9 kg). Weight gain (WG), feed/gain (FG), plasma P (PP), bone ash (BA), and breaking strength of metacarpals and metatarsals (BS-MM) and femurs (BS-F) were improved by phosphorus addition. However, performance and bone parameters were depressed by RP, as compared to FP dietary supplementation. WG, BA, BS-MM and BS-F were regressed to P added, and slope-ratios were calculated to assess RBP in the FP and RP sources. The average bioavailability of P in the FP and RP sources, relative to SP, were 89 and 49% (WG), 112 and 49% (BA), 78 and 28% (BS-MM), and 101 and 52% (BS-F), respectively. Low animal performance and bone strength related to toxicity should be expected if rock phosphates are used to feed pigs.

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41

Anawati, John, and Gisele Azimi. "Recovery and separation of phosphorus as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate for fertilizer and livestock feed additive production from a low-grade phosphate ore." RSC Advances 10, no. 63 (2020): 38640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07210a.

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Nurmurodov, T., A. Reymov, M. Turaev, S. Tursunova, M. Axtamova, and M. Ayimbetov. "Thermal phosphate fertilizers from low grade central Kyzylkum’s phosphorite in the lab model unit." NEW UNIVERSITY: TECHNICAL SCIENCES, no. 5-6 (June 30, 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15350/2221-9552.2014.5-6.0007.

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43

Nakamura, Satoshi, Takashi Kanda, Toshio Imai, Jacques Sawadogo, and Fujio Nagumo. "Solubility and application effects of African low-grade phosphate rock calcinated with potassium carbonate." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 65, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2019.1598236.

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44

Isamurodovich, Nurmurodov. "THERMAL PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS FROM LOW GRADE CENTRAL KYZYLKUM’S PHOSPHORITE IN THE LAB MODEL UNIT." International Journal of Recent Advancement in Engineering & Research 4, no. 5 (May 30, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24128/ijraer.2018.ab67op.

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45

Shu, Jiancheng, Renlong Liu, Zuohua Liu, Hongliang Chen, Jun Du, and Changyuan Tao. "Solidification/stabilization of electrolytic manganese residue using phosphate resource and low-grade MgO/CaO." Journal of Hazardous Materials 317 (November 2016): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.076.

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46

Ashraf, Mohammad, Zafar Iqbal Zafar, and Tariq Mahmood Ansari. "Selective leaching kinetics and upgrading of low-grade calcareous phosphate rock in succinic acid." Hydrometallurgy 80, no. 4 (December 2005): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.09.001.

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Prasad, M., A. K. Majmudar, G. M. Rao, and T. C. Rao. "Flotation studies on a low-grade, cherty-calcareous rock phosphate ore from Jhabua, India." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 12, no. 2 (May 1995): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403084.

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Arroug, Lamya, Mohamed Elaatmani, Abdelouahad Zegzouti, and Mohamed Aitbabram. "Low-Grade Phosphate Tailings Beneficiation via Organic Acid Leaching: Process Optimization and Kinetic Studies." Minerals 11, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050492.

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In this paper, the beneficiation of rejected phosphate washing sludges (Ps) was investigated using acid leaching methods. Chemical analysis showed that these sludges are a low-grade ore (15.84% P2O5). The optimum milling parameters have helped to increase the P2O5 grade to 18.51%. Then, the effects of three different organic acids (acetic, lactic, and citric acid), acid concentrations, reaction temperatures, reaction times, and solid concentrations on the beneficiation of P2O5 were evaluated. Single-factor experiments indicate that with the optimal conditions: leaching for 60 min with an acetic acid concentration of 7%, a solid concentration of 25%, and a temperature of 40 °C, Ps could reach 30.1% P2O5 with a CaO/P2O5 ratio of 0.58. Taguchi experimental design, Pareto plot, desirability function, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the acid type has the most significant impact on the leaching and the optimized leaching conditions: 7% of acetic acid, a solid concentration of 30%, a reaction time of 100 min, and a temperature of 40 °C, helped to produce a Ps with 30.7% P2O5. The kinetic study showed that the leaching process was controlled by a chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 48.9 kJ/Mol, which confirms the chemical reaction’s control of the process.

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Wang, Bo, Zhixin Zhou, Dehua Xu, Junhu Wu, Xiushan Yang, Zhiye Zhang, and Zhengjuan Yan. "A new enrichment method of medium–low grade phosphate ore with high silicon content." Minerals Engineering 181 (May 2022): 107548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107548.

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Li, Xianfen, Run Huang, Qinghui Wu, Shufang Xie, and Junqi Li. "Experimental Approach for the Characterization of Low-Grade Phosphate Ore Performance in Isothermal Conditions." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 4 (November 2, 2021): 1736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00451-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-grade phosphate'

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