Academic literature on the topic 'Low grade heat'

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Journal articles on the topic "Low grade heat"

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Gude, Veera Gnaneswar, and Nagamany Nirmalakhandan. "Desalination Using Low-Grade Heat Sources." Journal of Energy Engineering 134, no. 3 (September 2008): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9402(2008)134:3(95).

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Zhang, Xiantao, Weimin Kan, Haoqing Jiang, Yanming Chen, Ting Cheng, Haifeng Jiang, and Xuejiao Hu. "Capillary-driven low grade heat desalination." Desalination 410 (May 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.01.034.

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Bradley, Ryan. "Batteries That Capture Low-Grade Waste Heat." Scientific American 311, no. 6 (November 18, 2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1214-53a.

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Christ, Alexander, Xiaolin Wang, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, and Hui Tong Chua. "Low-grade waste heat driven desalination technology." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 5 (2014): A02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2013007.

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Low-grade heat driven multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination is a very promising environmentally friendly, low emission technology. Many countries, such as Australia, are water short and conventional desalination technology is energy intensive. If a primary fossil fuel source is used, then desalination will significantly contribute to carbon dioxide emission. Low-grade waste heat from process plants and power plants generate minimal additional carbon dioxide. This source of energy is typically abundant at a temperature around 65–90 °C, which dovetails with MED technology. In this paper, we report on a new MED technology that couples perfectly with low grade waste heat to give at least a 25% freshwater yield improvement compared with conventional MED design. Typical applications and their expected improvement will also be reported.
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Hu, Run, Dongyan Xu, and Xiaobing Luo. "Liquid Thermocells Enable Low-Grade Heat Harvesting." Matter 3, no. 5 (November 2020): 1400–1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.008.

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Zhao, Yanan, Mingliang Li, Rui Long, Zhichun Liu, and Wei Liu. "Review of osmotic heat engines for low-grade heat harvesting." Desalination 527 (April 2022): 115571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.115571.

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Nesreddine, Hakim, Brice Le Lostec, and Adlane Bendaoud. "Power Generation from Low Grade Industrial Waste Heat." International Journal of Electrical Energy 4, no. 1 (2016): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijoee.4.1.42-47.

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Julaihie, K., R. Abu Bakar, B. Bhathal Singh, M. Remeli, and A. Oberoi. "Low Grade Heat Power Generation using Thermoelectric Generator." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 268 (July 2, 2019): 012134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/268/1/012134.

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Lamp, P., C. Schweigler, and F. Ziegler. "Opportunities for sorption cooling using low grade heat." Applied Thermal Engineering 18, no. 9-10 (September 1998): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(97)00121-x.

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Wang, Xiaolin, Alexander Christ, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, Kamel Hooman, and Hui Tong Chua. "Low grade heat driven multi-effect distillation technology." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 54, no. 25-26 (December 2011): 5497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.07.041.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low grade heat"

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Sansom, Robert. "Decarbonising low grade heat for low carbon future." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25503.

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More energy is consumed in the UK for heat than either transport or electricity and yet until recently little attention has been given to decarbonising heat to meet the UK's 2050 greenhouse gas targets. The challenges are immense as over 80% of households in the UK use gas for space and water heating. To achieve the UK's greenhouse gas targets will necessitate heat to be almost completely decarbonised and will thus require a transition from gas for heating to a low carbon alternative. However, there is a lack of consensus over which low carbon heat technologies householders should be encouraged to adopt as projections of these vary significantly. This thesis commences by reviewing those projections and identifying the possible reasons for the variations. Low carbon heat technologies suitable for large scale deployment are identified and a heat demand model developed from which demand profiles can be constructed. An integrated heat and electricity investment model is then developed which includes electricity generation assets but also district heating assets such as combined heat and power plant, network storage and large network heat pumps. A core input into this model is the heat demand profiles. The investment model enables the interaction between heat and electricity assets to be evaluated and so using scenarios combined with sensitivities examines the economics and carbon emissions of the low carbon residential heating technologies previously identified. Throughout this analysis the equivalent cost for gas heating is used as a comparator. The results suggest that district heating is an attractive option which is robust under most outcomes. However, its economic viability is crucially dependent on a financing regime that is compatible with other network based assets. Also identified is a role for electric storage heaters for buildings with low heat demand.
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Gude, Veera Gnaneswar. "Desalination using low grade heat sources." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3296129.

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Li, Chennan. "Innovative Desalination Systems Using Low-grade Heat." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4126.

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Water and energy crises have forced researchers to seek alternative water and energy sources. Seawater desalination can contribute towards meeting the increasing demand for fresh water using alternative energy sources like low-grade heat. Industrial waste heat, geothermal, solar thermal, could help to ease the energy crisis. Unfortunately, the efficiency of the conventional power cycle becomes uneconomically low with low-grade heat sources, while, at the same time, seawater desalination requires more energy than a conventional water treatment process. However, heat discarded from low-grade heat power cycles could be used as part of desalination energy sources with seawater being used as coolant for the power cycles. Therefore a study of desalination using low-grade heat is of great significance. This research has comprehensively reviewed the current literature and proposes two systems that use low-grade heat for desalination applications or even desalination/power cogeneration. The proposed two cogeneration systems are a supercritical Rankine cycle-type coupled with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalination process, and a power cycle with an ejector coupled with a multi-effect distillation desalination system. The first configuration provides the advantages of making full use of heat sources and is suitable for hybrid systems. The second system has several advantages, such as handling highly concentrated brine without external electricity input as well as the potential of water/power cogeneration when it is not used to treat concentrated brine. Compared to different stand-alone power cycles, the proposed systems could use seawater as coolant to reject low-grade heat from the power cycle to reduce thermal pollution.
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Kishore, Ravi Anant. "Low-grade Thermal Energy Harvesting and Waste Heat Recovery." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103650.

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Low-grade heat, either in the form of waste heat or natural heat, represents an extremely promising source of renewable energy. A cost-effective method for recovering the low-grade heat will have a transformative impact on the overall energy scenario. Efficiency of heat engines deteriorates with decrease in hot-side temperature, making low-grade heat recovery complex and economically unviable using the current state-of-the-art technologies, such as Organic Rankine cycle, Kalina cycle and Stirling engine. In this thesis, a fundamental breakthrough is achieved in low-grade thermal energy harvesting using thermomagnetic and thermoelectric effects. This thesis systematically investigates two different mechanisms: thermomagnetic effect and thermoelectric effect to generate electricity from the low-grade heat sources available near ambient temperature to 200�[BULLET]C. Using thermomagnetic effect, we demonstrate a novel ultra-low thermal gradient energy recovery mechanism, termed as PoWER (Power from Waste Energy Recovery), with ambient acting as the heat sink. PoWER devices do not require an external heat sink, bulky fins or thermal fluid circulation and generate electricity on the order of 100s μW/cm3 from heat sources at temperatures as low as 24�[BULLET]C (i.e. just 2�[BULLET]C above the ambient) to 50�[BULLET]C. For the high temperature range of 50-200�[BULLET]C, we developed the unique low fill fraction thermoelectric generators that exhibit a much better performance than the commercial modules when operated under realistic conditions such as constant heat flux boundary condition and high thermally resistive environment. These advancements in thermal energy harvesting and waste heat recovery technology will have a transformative impact on renewable energy generation and in reducing global warming.
PHD
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Hedström, Sofia. "Thermal energy recovery of low grade waste heat in hydrogenation process." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32335.

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The waste heat recovery technologies have become very relevant since many industrial plants continuously reject large amounts of thermal energy during normal operation which contributes to the increase of the production costs and also impacts the environment. The simulation programs used in industrial engineering enable development and optimization of the operational processes in a cost-effective way. The company Chematur Engineering AB, which supplies chemical plants in many different fields of use on a worldwide basis, was interested in the investigation of the possibilities for effective waste heat recovery from the hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene, which is a sub-process in the toluene diisocyanate manufacture plant. The project objective was to implement waste heat recovery by application of the Organic Rankine Cycle and the Absorption Refrigeration Cycle technologies. Modeling and design of the Organic Rankine Cycle and the Absorption Refrigeration Cycle systems was performed by using Aspen Plus® simulation software where the waste heat carrier was represented by hot water, coming from the internal cooling system in the hydrogenation process. Among the working fluids investigated were ammonia, butane, isobutane, propane, R-123, R-134a, R-227ea, R-245fa, and ammonia-water and LiBr-water working pairs. The simulations have been performed for different plant capacities with different temperatures of the hydrogenation process. The results show that the application of the Organic Rankine Cycle technology is the most feasible solution where the use of ammonia, R-123, R-245fa and butane as the working fluids is beneficial with regards to power production and pay-off time, while R-245fa and butane are the most sustainable choices considering the environment.
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Lee, Dongwook Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Low-grade heat conversion into electricity by thermoelectric and electrochemical systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120186.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Developing cost effective technologies that convert low-grade heat into electricity is essential to meet the increasing demand for renewable energy systems. Thermoelectric and recently emergent electrochemical heat conversion devices are promising candidates for this purpose. However, current performance and cost of these devices limit their widespread application. In this thesis, we investigate design guidelines for heterostructured thermoelectric systems and electrochemical heat energy harvesters to address these challenges. Material cost and scarcity of elements in state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials are current limitations. Conductive polymers has become an attractive alternative to those materials, however they suffer from low Seebeck coefficient. Nanoscale composites of inorganic semiconductors with conductive polymers could improve low Seebeck coefficients and power factors of conductive polymers, however quantitative understandings on the mechanisms lying behind the enhancements were often missing. In our research, thin film heterostructures of a conductive polymer, PEDOT:PSS / undoped Si or undoped Ge were selected as templates for mechanistic investigations on thermoelectric performance enhancements. With the combination of experiments and simulation, it was determined that p-type PEDOT:PSS transferred holes to the interfaces of adjacent Si and Ge, and these holes could take advantage of higher hole mobility of Si and Ge. This phenomenon called modulation doping, was responsible for thermoelectric power factor enhancements in Si / PEDOT:PSS and Ge / PEDOT:PSS heterostructures. Another technology to transform low-grade heat into electricity is electrochemical heat conversion. Traditionally, the electrochemical heat conversion into electricity suffered from low conversion efficiency originating from low ionic conductivity of electrolytes, even though high thermopowers often reaching several mV/K has been an alluring advantage. Recently developed breakthrough on operating such devices under thermodynamic cycles bypassed low ionic conductivity issue, thereby improving the conversion efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude. In this study, we focused on improving efficiency by increasing thermopowers and suppressing heat capacity of the system, while maintaining the autonomy of thermodynamic cycles without need for recharging by external sources of electricity. These detailed interpretations on nanoscale composite thermoelectric systems and electrochemical heat harvester provide insights for the design of next-generation thermoelectric and electrochemical heat energy harnessing solutions.
by Dongwook Lee.
Ph. D.
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Soleimanikutanaei, Soheil. "Modelling, Design, and Optimization of Membrane based Heat Exchangers for Low-grade Heat and Water Recovery." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3921.

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Transport Membrane Condenser (TMC) is an innovative technology based on the property of a nano-scale porous material which can extract both waste heat and water from exhaust gases. This technology tremendously improves the efficiency of boilers and gas/coal combustors by lowering waste heat and increasing water recovery. Contaminants in the flue gases, such as CO2, O2, NOx, and SO2 are inhibited from passing through the membrane by the membrane’s high selectivity. The condensed water through these tubes is highly pure and can be used as the makeup water for many industrial applications. The goal of this research is to investigate the heat transfer, condensation rate, pressure drop and overall performance of crossflow heat exchangers. In this research, a numerical model has been developed to predict condensation of water vapor over and inside of nano-porous layers. Both capillary condensation inside the nanoscale porous structure of the TMC and the surface condensation were considered in the proposed method using a semi-empirical model. The transport of the water vapor and the latent heat of condensation were applied in the numerical model using the pertinent mass, momentum, turbulence and energy equations. By using the proposed model and simulation procedure, the effect of various inlet parameters such as inlet mass flow rate, inlet temperature, and water vapor content of the inlet flow on the performance of the cross-flow TMC heat exchanger was studied to obtain the optimum performance of the heat exchangers at different working conditions. The performance of the TMC heat exchangers for inlet flue gas rate 40 to 120 kg/h, inlet water rate 60 to 140 kg/h, inlet flue gas relative humidity 20 to 90%, and tube pitch ratio 0.25 to 2.25 has been studied. The obtained results show that the water condensation flux continuously increases with the increase of the inlet flue-gas flow rate, water flow rate, and the flue-gas humidity. The total heat flux also follows the same trend due to the pronounced effect of the latent heat transfer from the condensation process. The water condensation flux and the overall heat transfer increase at the beginning for small values of the tube pitches and then decreases as the tube pitch increases furthermore. In addition to the cross-flow TMC heat exchangers, the performance of a shell and tube TMC heat exchanger for high pressure and temperature oxy-combustion applications has been investigated. The performance analysis for a 6-heat exchanger TMC unit shows that heat transfer of the 2-stage TMC unit is higher than the 2-stage with the same number of the heat exchanger in each unit.
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Stürzebecher, Wolfgang. "Absorption cooling from low grade heat sources in the range 10kW - 100kW." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442471.

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Chen, Huijuan. "The Conversion of Low-Grade Heat into Power Using Supercritical Rankine Cycles." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3447.

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Low-grade heat sources, here defined as below 300 ºC, are abundantly available as industrial waste heat, solar thermal, and geothermal, to name a few. However, they are under-exploited for conversion to power because of the low efficiency of conversion. The utilization of low-grade heat is advantageous for many reasons. Technologies that allow the efficient conversion of low-grade heat into mechanical or electrical power are very important to develop. This work investigates the potential of supercritical Rankine cycles in the conversion of low-grade heat into power. The performance of supercritical Rankine cycles is studied using ChemCAD linked with customized excel macros written in Visual Basic and programs written in C++. The selection of working fluids for a supercritical Rankine cycle is of key importance. A rigorous investigation into the potential working fluids is carried out, and more than 30 substances are screened out from all the available fluid candidates. Zeotropic mixtures are innovatively proposed to be used in supercritical Rankine cycles to improve the system efficiency. Supercritical Rankine cycles and organic Rankine cycles with pure working fluids as well as zeotropic mixtures are studied to optimize the conversion of lowgrade heat into power. The results show that it is theoretically possible to extract and convert more energy from such heat sources using the cycle developed in this research than the conventional organic Rankine cycles. A theory on the selection of appropriate working fluids for different heat source and heat sink profiles is developed to customize and maximize the thermodynamic cycle performance. The outcomes of this research will eventually contribute to the utilization of low-grade waste heat more efficiently.
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Meyer, Adriaan Jacobus. "Steam jet ejector cooling powered by low grade waste or solar heat." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2012.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
A small scale steam jet ejector experimental setup was designed and manufactured. This ejector setup is of an open loop configuration and the boiler can operate in the temperature range of Tb = 85 °C to 140 °C. The typical evaporator liquid temperatures range from Te = 5 °C t o 10 °C while the typical water cooled condenser presure ranges from Pc = 1 . 70 kPa t o 5. 63 kPa (Tc = 15 °C to 35 °C). The boiler is powered by by two 4kW electric elements, while a 3kW electric element simulates the cooling load in the evaporator. The electric elements are controlled by means of variacs. The function ...
Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies
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Books on the topic "Low grade heat"

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olga, Arsenyeva, Kapustenko Petro, and Tovazhnyanskyy Leonid, eds. Compact heat exchangers for transfer intensification: Low grade heat and fouling mitigation. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2016.

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Penny, Terry. Low Grade Heat Power Cycles. Amer Solar Energy Society, 1985.

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Profiting from low-grade heat: Thermodynamic cycles for low-temperature heat sources. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1994.

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Chua, Hui Tong, and Bijan Rahimi. Low Grade Heat Driven Multi-Effect Distillation and Desalination. Elsevier, 2017.

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Low Grade Heat Driven Multi-Effect Distillation and Desalination. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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Klemes, Jirí Jaromír, Olga Arsenyeva, Petro Kapustenko, and Leonid Tovazhnyanskyy. Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Klemes, Jirí Jaromír, Olga Arsenyeva, Petro Kapustenko, and Leonid Tovazhnyanskyy. Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Klemes, Jirí Jaromír, Olga Arsenyeva, Petro Kapustenko, and Leonid Tovazhnyanskyy. Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Power Recovery from Low Grade Heat by Means of Screw Expanders. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-23224-4.

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Kovacevic, Ahmed, Nikola Stosic, and Ian Smith. Power Recovery from Low Grade Heat by Means of Screw Expanders. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low grade heat"

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Raka, Yash D., Robert Bock, Jacob J. Lamb, Bruno G. Pollet, and Odne S. Burheim. "Low-Grade Waste Heat to Hydrogen." In Micro-Optics and Energy, 85–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43676-6_8.

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Bronicki, Lucien Y. "Power Generation from Low-Grade Heat Streams." In Power Stations Using Locally Available Energy Sources, 371–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7510-5_1026.

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Bronicki, Lucien Yehuda. "Power Generation from Low-Grade Heat Streams." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1026-1.

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Garimella, Srinivas S., Donald P. Ziegler, and James F. Klausner. "Low Grade Waste Heat Driven Desalination and SO2Scrubbing." In Energy Technology 2012, 159–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118365038.ch20.

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Taoda, Kiyomichi, Yoshifumi Ito, Seibi Uehara, Fumiaki Sato, and Takeo Kumagaya. "Upgrading of Low-Grade Coals by Heat Treatment." In Drying ’85, 396–402. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21830-3_53.

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He, Youliang, Afsaneh Edrisy, and Robert W. Triebe. "Fluoropolymer Coated Condensing Heat Exchangers for Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52333-0_10.

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Ortega, Eduardo, Isabel Gálvez, and Leticia Martín-Cordero. "Extracellular Hsp70 and Low-Grade Inflammation- and Stress-Related Pathologies." In Heat Shock Proteins and Stress, 13–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90725-3_2.

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Majumder, Prasanta, Abhijit Sinha, and Rajat Gupta. "Futuristic Approaches of Low-Grade Industrial Waste Heat Recovery." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 163–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0159-0_15.

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Tikhomirov, Dmitry, Alexey N. Vasilyev, Dmitry Budnikov, and Alexey A. Vasilyev. "Energy-Saving Device for Microclimate Maintenance with Utilization of Low-Grade Heat." In Innovative Computing Trends and Applications, 31–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03898-4_4.

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Kharchenko, V. V., A. O. Sychov, and G. N. Uzakov. "Innovative Instruments for Extraction of Low-Grade Heat from Surface Watercourses for Heating Systems with Heat Pump." In Innovative Computing Trends and Applications, 59–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03898-4_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low grade heat"

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Razavinia, N., F. Mucciardi, F. Hassani, and M. Al-Khawaja. "Recycling Low Grade Waste Heat to Electricity." In 30th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining; Held in conjunction with the 23rd World Mining Congress. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2013/0119.

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Zhen Qin, Swapnil Dubey, Fook Hoong Choo, Hongwu Deng, and Fei Duan. "Low-grade heat collection from a latent heat thermal energy storage unit." In 2016 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2016.7517690.

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Yang, Xiaojing, Shijun You, and Huan Zhang. "Simulation of Double-Stage Absorption Heat Pumps for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery." In 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2011.5748967.

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Pintacsi, Daniel, and Peter Bihari. "Investigation of a low-grade industrial waste heat recovery system." In 2013 4th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iyce.2013.6604191.

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Wang, Yongqing, and Noam Lior. "Combined Desalination and Refrigeration Systems Driven by Low-Grade Heat." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67029.

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There is often a need for both water desalination and cooling (refrigeration/air-conditioning). The cooling can be used to significantly raise system efficiency by compressor inlet cooling in a dual-purpose power-generation and desalination system using gas turbines, or simply to supply refrigeration or air conditioning beside fresh water. Motivated by the good synergetic potential of energy/exergy utilization through the combination of the LiBr-H2O refrigeration unit, LiBr-H2O heat pump, and low-temperature multi-effect evaporation desalter, two combined refrigeration and water systems, ARHP-MEE (Absorption Refrigeration Heat Pump and Multi-Effect Evaporation desalter) system and ARHP-AHP-MEE (Absorption Refrigeration Heat Pump + Absorption Heat Pump + Multi-Effect Evaporation desalter) system, driven by low-grade heat were configured, modeled and analyzed in detail in the paper. Typically, driving steam with saturation pressure of 0.15–0.35 MPa and correspondingly saturation temperature of 111.4–138.9°C is applicable to run the systems. The main results are: (1) the combined systems have good synergy, with an energy saving rate of 42% in a case study of ARHP-MEE; (2) the refrigeration-heat cogenerated ARHP subsystem is the main reason for the synergy, where the coefficient of performance is around 1.6 and exergy efficiency above 60% when driven by 0.25 MPa saturated steam; (3) at the cost of a more complex configuration, the ARHP-AHP-MEE system has the ability of varying its outputs in very wide range, offering good flexibility on design and operation; (4) the ARHP-MEE system is predicted to have good economics, and its outputs can be varied in a wide range but not independently because their ratio remains almost constant. A parametric analysis was also performed for the ARHP-MEE, further improving the understanding of the system performance.
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Li Xinguo, Zhao Cuicui, and Jia Yanmin. "Increased Low-grade Heat Source Power Generation Capacity with Ejector." In 2011 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2011.384.

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Khromchenkov, Valery, Leonid Murashov, Ekaterina Zhigulina, and Yury Yavorovsky. "Features of Low-Grade Steam Application in Heat Supply Systems." In 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/reepe49198.2020.9059111.

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Chen, Yang, Wimolsiri Pridasawas, and Per Lundqvist. "Low-Grade Heat Source Utilization by Carbon Dioxide Transcritical Power Cycle." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32774.

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One way to reduce the fossil fuel consumption and mitigate environmental impact is to utilize low-grade heat sources for power production. In this paper, a transcritical carbon dioxide power cycle is analyzed for its potential in utilizing the low-grade heat sources. Solar thermal is selected as a representative of low-grade heat sources. TRNSYS 16 and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) are employed using co-solving technique to analyze the dynamic performance of the proposed system. Both daily performance and annual performance of the proposed system under Swedish climate conditions are simulated. The simulation results show that the proposed system can achieve 8% average thermal efficiency and consequently 2.43 kW average power production during the system working period on a randomly selected summer day with a 30 m2 solar collector. Over the whole year, the maximum daily power production is about 17 kWh and the maximum monthly power production is about 185 kWh.
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Ju, Y. Sungtaek. "Theoretical Analysis of Pyroelectric Harvesting of Low-Grade Exhaust Waste Heat." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53042.

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Efficient and cost-effective harvesting of exhaust waste heat represents significant opportunities for improving the overall energy efficiency of combined heat and power cycles, transportation vehicles, and industrial processes. Pyroelectric thermal energy harvesting is interesting for its potentially high efficiency. We report a design concept and related thermal models for harvesting of exhaust waste heat based on the pyroelectric effect. The design concept utilizes switchable thermal interfaces formed on duct walls of exhaust gas and liquid coolants to achieve temporal thermal cycling of pyroelectric materials. Our thermal model explicitly accounts for spatial variations in the exhaust gas and coolant temperatures for practical waste heat harvesting systems, for example, those that can be incorporated into micro-CHP (combined heat and power) units. Model prediction results for example cases are presented to illustrate the impact of design parameters, including the heat capacity rate and the convective heat transfer coefficients.
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Jha, Vibhash, Serguei Dessiatoun, Michael Ohadi, Amir Shooshtari, and Ebrahim Al-Hajri. "High Performance Micro-Grooved Evaporative Heat Transfer Surface for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery Applications." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52179.

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The continued demand for high performance electronic products and the simultaneous trend of miniaturization has raised the dissipated power and power densities to new unprecedented levels in electronic systems. Thermal management is becoming increasingly critical to the electronics industry to satisfy the increasing market demand for faster, smaller, lighter and more cost effective products. Utilization of waste heat for the purpose of cooling chip is a promising area for enhancing the thermal management and net energy efficiency of the system. This paper focuses on the development of a tubular microgrooved evaporator and its performance characterization based on heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop measurements. Channel with aspect ratio of 3:1 (channel width – 100 μm, channel height – 300 μm) microgrooved structure was used in the evaporator. The system has been tested with R134a as refrigerant for refrigerant flow rate range of 0.005–0.02 kg/s and water flow rate range of 0.25–0.65 kg/s. Very promising results has been obtained in preliminary investigation. Heat transfer coefficient as high as 13,500 W/m2k has been obtained which is almost five times higher than comparative state of art technologies. The associated pressure drop is quite modest and much less than state of the art conventional evaporators.
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Reports on the topic "Low grade heat"

1

Wang, Dexin. Advanced Energy and Water Recovery Technology from Low Grade Waste Heat. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1031483.

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Wang, Dexin. Advanced Energy and Water Recovery Technology from Low Grade Waste Heat. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1031495.

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Mauter, Meagan S., and David A. Dzombak. Evaluating the Techno-Economic Feasibility of Forward Osmosis Process Utilizing Low Grade Heat: Applications in Power Plant Water, Wastewater, and Reclaimed Water Treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415992.

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Noble, Russell, K. Dombrowski, M. Bernau, D. Morett, A. Maxson, and S. Hume. Development of a Field Demonstration for Cost-Effective Low-Grade Heat Recovery and Use Technology Designed to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Water Usage Rates for a Coal-Fired Power Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1332489.

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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
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