Academic literature on the topic 'Low frequency electromagnetic waves, EM waves, Electromagnetic waves, Magnetopshere'
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Journal articles on the topic "Low frequency electromagnetic waves, EM waves, Electromagnetic waves, Magnetopshere"
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Løseth, Lars O., Hans M. Pedersen, Bjørn Ursin, Lasse Amundsen, and Svein Ellingsrud. "Low-frequency electromagnetic fields in applied geophysics: Waves or diffusion?" GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 4 (July 2006): W29—W40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2208275.
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Low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) signal propagation in geophysical applications is sometimes referred to as diffusion and sometimes as waves. In the following we discuss the mathematical and physical approaches behind the use of the different terms. The basic theory of EM wave propagation is reviewed. From a frequency-domain description we show that all of the well-known mathematical tools of wave theory, including an asymptotic ray-series description, can be applied for both nondispersive waves in nonconductive materials and low-frequency waves in conductive materials. We consider the EM field from an electric dipole source and show that a common frequency-domain description yields both the undistorted pulses in nonconductive materials and the strongly distorted pulses in conductive materials. We also show that the diffusion-equation approximation of low-frequency EM fields in conductive materials gives the correct mathematical description, and this equation has wave solutions. Having considered both a wave-picture approach and a diffusion approach to the problem, we discuss the possible confusion that the use of these terms might lead to.
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Kao, Fu Chien, Shin Ping R. Wang, Yun Kai Lin, Chih Chia Chen, and Chih Hsun Huang. "Impact of Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Waves on Brainwaves." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.882.
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In the era of wireless communication, WiFi becomes an indispensable accessory to most of us. People use WIFI to interact with the wireless Internet, perform commercial and financial transactions, or conducting recreational activities, etc.Though it offers a more convenient life to people, the strong Electromagnetic waves(EMW) resulted from it endangers human health, that has already turned out to be the primary study for medical science. Furthermore, EMW also attracts concern and panic of the inhabitants living in the surroundings which is filled with high-frequency and low-frequency EMwave. EMW today comes from broadcast towers, the system of the wireless communication, GPS, TVs and defense satellites mostly. Enjoying the convenience resulted from communication technology, people nowadays should also concern about whether EM wave would damage people’s health at the same time. Based on the perspective of cognitive neuroscience, this study mainly focuses on how EM wave produced from WiFi affects subject’s brainwaves under a specific physiological situation. The researcher observes different changing of brainwave when human beings expose in various strength of EM wave, and analyses the affection of EMW toward subject’s brainwaves.
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Rao, Qingwen, Guanjun Xu, and Wangchen Mao. "Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072466.
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In this paper, the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity with megahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves by spaceborne radar is studied based on the EM scattering theory, the Boltzmann–Shukla equations, and the improved scattering matrix method (ISMM). The reflection characteristics of the lunar surface soil subject to megahertz waves are analyzed through the EM scattering theory and expressed by the lunar surface soil permittivity. Then, the lunar ionosphere is assumed to be composed of dusty plasma, and its EM characteristics are described with the Boltzmann–Shukla equations. Finally, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the propagation of EM waves in the lunar ionosphere are numerically calculated with ISMM. Thus, the complex permittivity of lunar surface soil is obtained. In addition, the effects of detection environment situations, such as the lunar illumination intensity, characteristics of the lunar dust and dust charging process in the lunar ionosphere, on the amplitude and phase of EM waves are also investigated in this study. The simulation results show that an EM wave at a high frequency induces a strong effective wave with a stable phase shift and a significantly small interferential wave. Moreover, the lunar illumination is more effective under EM waves in low frequency bands; the characteristics of the lunar dust have a notable influence on the transmission and absorption coefficients of the effective waves. These conclusions help in real applications involving the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity by spaceborne radar in various lunar environments.
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MAMUN, A. A., P. K. SHUKLA, and D. A. MENDIS. "Electromagnetic waves in self-gravitating, strongly coupled magnetized degenerate plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 2 (November 17, 2011): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000493.
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AbstractThe linear propagation of the low-frequency (compared to the electron gyrofrequency) electromagnetic (EM) waves in a self-gravitating, strongly coupled magnetized plasma with ultra-relativistic degenerate electron fluid is investigated. It is found that the dispersion properties of the EM waves and stability criteria for such a degenerate plasma are significantly modified by the effects of the ultra-relativistic degenerate electron pressure, strong co-relation among extremely dense ion fluid, and the direction of the EM wave propagation relative to the ambient magnetic field direction. The relevance of our investigation to stability of white dwarf stars is briefly discussed. It is particularly seen here that the cores of such stars are stable for the class of gravito-electrodynamic waves that are analyzed for the characteristic ranges of relevant physical parameters.
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Al-Harbi, F. F., Dalal H. M. Alkhalifah, Zainab M. Elqahtani, Fadel M. Ali, Shaimaa A. Mohamed, and A. M. M. Abdelbacki. "Nonthermal control of Escherichia coli growth using extremely low frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EM) waves." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 29, no. 6 (November 14, 2018): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-181025.
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Fadel, M. A., S. A. Mohamed, A. M. Abdelbacki, and A. H. El-Sharkawy. "Inhibition of Salmonella typhi growth using extremely low frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EM) waves at resonance frequency." Journal of Applied Microbiology 117, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12527.
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Wang, Jingjing, Lixin Guo, Yiwen Wei, Shuirong Chai, Ke Li, and Anqi Wang. "Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis of the Sea Surface with Single Breaking Waves." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (November 27, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1545031.
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A new electromagnetic (EM) scattering model of the sea surface with single breaking waves is proposed based on the high-frequency method in this paper. At first, realistic breaking wave sequences are obtained by solving the fluid equations which are simplified. Then, the rough sea surface is established using the linear filtering method. A new wave model is obtained by combining breaking waves with rough sea surface using a 3D coordinate transformation. Finally, the EM scattering features of the sea surface with breaking waves are studied by using shooting and bouncing rays and the physical theory of diffraction (SBR-PTD). It is found that the structure that is similar to a dihedral corner reflector between the breaking wave and rough sea surface exhibits multiple scattering, which leads to the sea-spike phenomenon that the scattering result of horizontal (HH) polarization is larger than that of vertical (VV) polarization, especially at low-grazing-angle (LGA) incidents with upwind. The sea-spike phenomenon is also closely related to the location of strong scattering.
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Sathappan, Nagu, Mohammad Osman Tokhi, Liam Penaluna, Zhanfang Zhao, Fang Duan, Gholamhossein Shirkoohi, and Aman Kaur. "A Literature Review on Data Transmission Using Electromagnetic Waves Under Different Aquatic Environments." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.5.15.
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Abstract Because of the unpredictable range of propagation, knowledge of the wave transmission properties of the aquatic environment is needed for efficient underwater electromagnetic (EM) wave activity. Most publications concern low frequencies to achieve long contact distances, and data transmission is widely known to be captivated with one of the critical parameters, frequency. However, there are some new applications that need data in order to be implemented underwater over short distances. This survey provides a detailed overview of current underwater communication techniques, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Potential future directions and recommendations for enabling next-generation underwater wireless networking systems are discussed. This paper also summarizes radio-frequency communication studies and, as a result, developments in radio-frequency identification technology for data transmission in a variety of aquatic environments, including freshwater and saltwater.
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Rapoport, Yuriy, Vladimir Grimalsky, Viktor Fedun, Oleksiy Agapitov, John Bonnell, Asen Grytsai, Gennadi Milinevsky, et al. "Model of the propagation of very low-frequency beams in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide: principles of the tensor impedance method in multi-layered gyrotropic waveguides." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-207-2020.
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Abstract. The modeling of very low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic (EM) beam propagation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide (WGEI) is considered. A new tensor impedance method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams in a multi-layered and inhomogeneous waveguide is presented. The waveguide is assumed to possess the gyrotropy and inhomogeneity with a thick cover layer placed above the waveguide. The influence of geomagnetic field inclination and carrier beam frequency on the characteristics of the polarization transformation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide is determined. The new method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams allows us to study the (i) propagation of the very low-frequency modes in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide and, in perspective, their excitation by the typical Earth–ionosphere waveguide sources, such as radio wave transmitters and lightning discharges, and (ii) leakage of Earth–ionosphere waveguide waves into the upper ionosphere and magnetosphere. The proposed approach can be applied to the variety of problems related to the analysis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered gyrotropic and anisotropic active media in a wide frequency range, e.g., from the Earth–ionosphere waveguide to the optical waveband, for artificial signal propagation such as metamaterial microwave or optical waveguides.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "PEMANFAATAN RADIASI ENERGI TEGANGAN 150 KV UNTUK LAMPU LED PENERANGAN JALAN." KILAT 7, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v7i1.102.
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WHO (World Health Organization) concludes that not much effect is caused by electric field up to 20 kV / m in humans. WHO standard also mentions that humans will not be affected by the magnetic field under 100 micro tesla and that the electric field will affect the human body with a maximum standard of 5,000 volts per meter. In this study did not discuss about the effect of high voltage radiation SUTT (High Voltage Air Channel) with human health. The research will focus on energy utilization of SUTT radiation. The combination of electric field and magnetic field on SUTT (70-150KV) can generate electromagnetic (EM) and radiation waves, which are expected to be converted to turn on street lights around the location of high voltage areas or into other forms.The design of this prototype works like an antenna in general that captures electromagnetic signals and converts them into AC waves. With a capacitor that can store the potential energy of AC and Schottky diode waves created specifically for low frequency waves, make the current into one direction (DC). From the research results obtained the current generated from the radiation is very small even though the voltage is big enough.
Book chapters on the topic "Low frequency electromagnetic waves, EM waves, Electromagnetic waves, Magnetopshere"
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Dehra, Himanshu. "Developments in Wireless Power Transfer Using Solar Energy." In Wireless Power Transfer – Recent Development, Applications and New Perspectives. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97099.
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This chapter presents state-of-the-art and major developments in wireless power transfer using solar energy. The brief state-of-the-art is presented for solar photovoltaic technologies which can be combined with wireless power transfer (WPT) to interact with the ambient solar energy. The main purpose of the solar photovoltaic system is to distribute the collected electrical energy in various small-scale power applications wirelessly. These recent developments give technology based on how to transmit electrical power without any wires, with a small-scale by using solar energy. The power can also be transferred wirelessly through an inductive coupling as an antenna. With this wireless electricity we can charge and make wireless electricity as an input source to electronic equipment such as cellphone, MP3 Player etc. In harvesting energy, technologies of ambient solar radiation like solar photovoltaic, kinetic, thermal or electro-magnetic (EM) energy can be used to recharge the batteries. Radio frequency (RF) harvesting technologies are also popular as they are enormously available in the atmosphere. The energy converted to useful DC energy which can be used to charge electrical devices which need low power consumption. The chapter has also presented a parallel plate photovoltaic amplifier connected to a potentiometer as a Resistance-Capacitance (RC) circuit power amplifier. The effect of inductance and resulting power transfer has been theoretically determined in the RC amplifier circuit. The electrical and thermal properties and measurements from a parallel plate photovoltaic amplifier were collected to analyze the unbalanced power transfer and inductance in a nonlinear RC circuit amplifier using equivalent transfer functions. The concept of Wireless Information and Power Transfer using Electromagnetic and Radio Waves of Solar Energy Spectrum is also briefly outlined.
Conference papers on the topic "Low frequency electromagnetic waves, EM waves, Electromagnetic waves, Magnetopshere"
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Tehrani, Mehran, Ayoub Y. Boroujeni, Majid Manteghi, Zhixian Zhou, and Marwan Al-Haik. "Integration of Carbon Nanotubes Into a Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer Composite and its Effects on Electromagnetic Shielding and Mechanical Properties." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65202.
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Electromagnetic (EM) waves, such as electronic noise and radio frequency interference can be regarded as an invisible electronic pollution which justifies a very active quest for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Highly conductive materials of adequate thickness are the primary solutions to shield against EMI. Equipment cases and basic structure of space aircraft and launch vehicles have traditionally been made of aluminum, steel and other electrically conductive metals. However, in recent years composite materials have been used for electronic equipment manufacturing because of their lightweight, high strength, and ease of fabrication. Despite these benefits, composite materials are not as electrically conductive as traditional metals, especially in terms of electrical grounding purposes and shielding. Therefore, extra effort must be taken to resolve these shortcomings. The present work demonstrates a study on developing hybrid composites based on fiberglass with surface grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for EMI applications. The choice of fiberglass is primarily because it naturally possesses poor electrical conductivity, hence growing CNTs over glass fiber surface can significantly improve the conductivity. The fabrics were sputter-coated with a thin layer of SiO2 thermal barrier prior to growing of CNTs. The CNTs were grown on the surface of woven fiberglass fabrics utilizing a relatively low temperature technique. Raw fiberglass fabric, SiO2 coated fabric, and SiO2 coated fabric which was subjected to the identical heat treatment as the samples with CNTs were also prepared. Two-layers composite specimens based on different surface treated fiberglass fabrics were fabricated and their EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) was measured. The EMI SE of the hybrid CNT-fiberglass composites was shown to be 5–10 times of the reference samples. However, the tensile mechanical properties of the composites based on the different above mentioned fibers revealed significant degradation due to the elevated CNT growth temperature and the addition of coating layer and CNTs. To further probe the structure of the hybrid composites and the inter-connectivity of the CNTs from one interface to another, sets of 20-layers composites based on different surface treated fabrics were also fabricated and characterized.
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ZHAO, RONG, and GUANG-LIN ZHAO. "INVESTIGATION OF THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL CARBON NANOTUBES-GLASS FIBER-EPOXY COMPOSITES: MICROWAVE ABSORPTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36373.
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With the rapid arising of wireless technology and other microwave applications towards gigahertz frequency in modern communications, microwave absorbing materials (MAM) are playing an increasingly significant role in healthcare, electronic reliability, and defense security. In this work, we aim to explore multifunctional polymer nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) –epoxy with glass fiber reinforcement, which can be used for microwave absorption and also as structural materials. We fabricated and systematically investigated the mechanical and microwave absorption properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) - glass fiber (GF) - epoxy composites. Various MWCNT concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt%) in epoxy resin have been synthesized by shear-mixing method and the reinforcing GF contents (55, 67, and 74 wt%) were controlled by the number of GF plies in the composites. We used low mechanical stirring to avoid introducing air bubbles in MWCNTs - epoxy solution and implemented a press molding (press forces up to 700 N∙cm-2) during the curing process of the composites to reduce voids in the composites. We studied the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and microwave absorption properties of the composites, in addition to the morphology and dispersion properties of MWCNTs and GFs in the composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated a more uniform distribution of MWCNTs in epoxy resin than that in the previous work. The microwave absorption measurements of the composites show excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance and high reflection loss (RL) at particular frequency range. The maximum RL of the composites can reach to -48 dB at 24.5 GHz for 3.1 wt% MWCNT loadings and 55 wt% GFs in the composites, with an effective bandwidth (i.e., the frequency range for RL below -10 dB) of about ~6 GHz. The EM wave absorption of the composites strongly depends on MWCNT and GF contents and can reach to ~70% at 26.5 GHz with 4.1 wt% MWCNTs in the composite; further, such dependence is peculiar, contradicting to the conventional wisdom, due to the high density interfaces in the materials, which lead to multiple scatterings and multiple absorptions of EM waves. In addition, the tensile strength of the composites was enhanced to ~427 MPa with ~74 wt% GFs, that is comparable to that of commercial Al alloy 6061 (~300 MPa, but not much EM wave absorption). Our results showed that the tensile strength of the MWCNT-GF-epoxy composites was dominated by the contribution of the GF content, while the EM properties are highly impacted by MWCNTs and the interfaces between MWCNT-epoxy matrices and GFs. The mass densities of the composites were about 1.55, 1.73, 1.88 g∙cm-3 for 55, 67, 74 wt% GF reinforced composites, respectively, which are about 30% ~ 43% lighter than the commercial aluminum alloy 6061 (mass density of 2.7 g∙cm-3). The results suggest that the MWCNT-GF-epoxy composites have the potential as multifunctional microwave absorption and low-weight structural materials without the need of additional coating.