Journal articles: 'Low Emissivity Materials'

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Gao, Tao, and Bjørn Petter Jelle. "Silver nanoparticles as low-emissivity coating materials." Translational Materials Research 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1613/aa5ad1.

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Alexa, Petr, Jaroslav Solař, Filip Čmiel, Pavel Valíček, and Miroslava Kadulová. "Infrared thermographic measurement of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials." Journal of Building Physics 41, no. 6 (October 9, 2017): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259117731344.

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Determination of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials is a complicated task due to the relatively wide range of emissivity values and the reflection of infrared radiation from surrounding objects. As a consequence, standard methods used in infrared thermography are not applicable. In this article, an alternative method is proposed for the measurement of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials used in the external structures of buildings that is based on an external source of thermal radiation. It is shown that the method gives quite accurate values of emissivity of both low- and high-emissivity glossy materials, whereas the surface temperature of low-emissivity glossy materials is less accurate and strongly depends on the accuracy of the used thermal camera.

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Chen, Mengshuo, Xiaoguang Jiang, Hua Wu, Yonggang Qian, and Ning Wang. "Temperature and emissivity retrieval from low-emissivity materials using hyperspectral thermal infrared data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 40, no. 5-6 (October 11, 2018): 1655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1524607.

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Li, Xinliang, Minghang Li, Xin Li, Xiaomeng Fan, and Chunyi Zhi. "Low Infrared Emissivity and Strong Stealth of Ti-Based MXenes." Research 2022 (May 23, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9892628.

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Advanced scenario-adaptable infrared (IR) stealth materials are crucial for creating localized closed thermal environments. Low emissivity over the broadest possible band is expected, as is superior mechanical deformability. Herein, we report a series of Ti-based MXenes with naturally low emissivity as ideal IR shielding materials. Over a wavelength ranging from 2.5 to 25 μm, Ti3C2TX film delivers an average emissivity of 0.057 with the lowest point of 0.042. Such a low emissivity coupled with outstanding structural shaping capability is beyond the current grasp. The reflection-dominated mechanism is dissected. Also, some intriguing scenarios of IR stealth for wearable electronic devices and skin thermal control are demonstrated. This finding lights an encouraging path toward next-generation IR shielding by the expanding MXene family.

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Adibekyan, Albert, Elena Kononogova, Jacques Hameury, Marcus Lauenstein, Christian Monte, and Jörg Hollandt. "Emissivity measurements on reflective insulation materials." tm - Technisches Messen 88, no. 10 (July 10, 2021): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2021-0049.

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Abstract The development and use of new thermal insulation products in many industrial sectors, ranging from building insulations to power generation or satellite applications, requires the accurate knowledge of the radiative properties of the investigated material, i. e. its emissivity. A major objective of the research project “Improvement of emissivity measurements on reflective insulation materials” within the framework of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research was to improve and validate reference techniques for the measurement of the total hemispherical emissivity of low emissivity foils with an absolute measurement uncertainty below 0.03. The calibration and measurement procedures developed within this project shall lead to a significant benefit for industrial manufacturers of reflective foils as well as for the end-users of the industrial instruments used to characterize them.

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Qian, Yonggang, Ning Wang, Lingling Ma, Chen Mengshuo, Hua Wu, Li Liu, Qijin Han, et al. "Evaluation of Temperature and Emissivity Retrieval using Spectral Smoothness Method for Low-Emissivity Materials." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, no. 9 (September 2016): 4307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2522464.

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Barreira, Eva, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida, and Maria L. Simões. "Emissivity of Building Materials for Infrared Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21061961.

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Infrared thermography (IRT) is a technique increasingly used in building inspection. If in many applications it is sufficient to analyze the thermal patterns, others exist in which the exact determination of the surface temperature is a fundamental aspect. In these circumstances, the emissivity of the surfaces assumes special relevance, being probably the most important property in the definition of the boundary conditions. However, information on the uncertainty involved in its measurement, as well as the conditions that influence it, is scarce. This article presents an innovative contribution both to the characterization of the emissivity of various construction materials, and to the discussion of emissivity measurement procedures and the attendant uncertainty. In this sense, three experimental campaigns were carried out: T.I, preliminary tests to assess the initial conditions required for an accurate IRT measurement of the emissivity (reference tape and position of the camera); T.II, assessment of the emissivity of nine different building materials, in dry conditions, using the emissometer and the IRT and black tape methods; and T.III, assessment of the emissivity of three materials during the drying process. The results confirmed that emissivity is a crucial parameter for the accurate measurement of surface temperature. Emissivity measurements carried out with IRT (black tape method) and with the emissometer returned meaningful differences when compared with the values available in the literature. This disagreement led to surface temperature differences of up to 7 °C (emissometer versus reference values). This research also highlighted that the moisture content of the materials influences the emissivity values, with fluctuations that can be greater than 10%, and that the effect of moisture is visible even for low values of moisture content.

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Schläpfer, D., R. Richter, C. Popp, and P. Nygren. "DROACOR<sup>®</sup>-THERMAL: AUTOMATED TEMPERATURE / EMISSIVITY RETRIEVAL FOR DRONE BASED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (May 30, 2022): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-429-2022.

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Abstract. Thermal remote sensing from unmanned aerial vehicles is a slowly but steadily growing field of application. New hyperspectral systems operating in the thermal infrared are deployable on such systems and are also usable for ground based monitoring, such as in mining applications. Temperature/emissivity retrieval methods have to be adapted for these new situations. This contribution presents an extension of the Drone Atmospheric Correction method (DROACOR®) for thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy. The method includes an implementation of the semi-automatic normalized emissivity mapping (NEM) method for temperature/ emissivity separation. Furthermore, an extension of the method for correction of low emissivity targets, appearing as cold targets in the temperature mapping is introduced. Two examples of DROACOR-thermal processing are presented for a nadir looking drone based and a horizontal ground based data acquisitions are shown. The resulting spectral emissivitiy distributions and temperature mappings are plausible. They are well comparable to spectral library references and allow for the detection of materials only visible in the thermal infrared range.

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Chen, Yan, Yi Bin Cui, Wen Xin Ma, Chun Wu, Li Yin Chen, Ping Ya, and Jing Li. "New Low Emissivity Coating on Cenospheres by Electroless Plating." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.92.

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Low infrared emissivity materials based on cenosphere particles are prepared by chemical electroless Ni-coating process. This metal/inorganic composites were identified by FESEM and XRD, It can be concluded that nickel coatings are formed on the surface of cenospheres by electroless plating.and infrared emissivity properties were discussed.

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YUAN Lin-guang, 袁林光, 薛战理 XUE Zhan-li, 李宏光 LI Hong-guang, 李. 涛. LI Tao, and 杨鸿儒 YANG Hong-ru. "Measurement of normal emissivity of materials at low temperature." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 1 (2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162401.0059.

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Family, Roxana, and M. Mengüç. "Analysis of Sustainable Materials for Radiative Cooling Potential of Building Surfaces." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093049.

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The main goal of this paper is to explore the radiative cooling and solar heating potential of several materials for the built environment, based on their spectrally-selective properties. A material for solar heating, should have high spectral emissivity/absorptivity in the solar radiation band (within the wavelength range of 0.2–2 μm), and low emissivity/absorptivity at longer wavelengths. Radiative cooling applications require high spectral emissivity/absorptivity, within the atmospheric window band (8–13 μm), and a low emissivity/absorptivity in other bands. UV-Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectroscopy, are used to measure, the spectral absorption/emission spectra of six different types of materials. To evaluate the radiative cooling potential of the samples, the power of cooling is calculated. Heat transfer through most materials is not just a surface phenomenon, but it also needs a volumetric analysis. Therefore, a coupled radiation and conduction heat transfer analysis is used. Results are discussed for the selection of the best materials, for different applications on building surfaces.

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Ma, Jiayu, Yuzhi Zhang, Lingnan Wu, Haogeng Li, and Lixin Song. "An Apparatus for Spectral Emissivity Measurements of Thermal Control Materials at Low Temperatures." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071141.

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Thermal control materials are employed to adjust the temperature of a spacecraft operating in deep space. The spectral emissivity is a crucial factor in evaluating the thermal radiative properties of such materials. An apparatus, composed of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), a sample cooling chamber and a mechanical modulation system was demonstrated to measure low temperature infrared spectral emissivity under vacuum. The mechanical modulation system, which includes a chopper and a lock-in amplifier, is employed to reduce the interference of background radiation during measurements. The limitation of the Fourier transform frequency on the chopper frequency can be eliminated by setting the FTIR on step-scan mode. The apparatus is separated into two parts and evacuated by different pumps. In this study, a high quality emission spectrum of a sample is measured by the apparatus. The spectral emissivity of thermal control materials are obtained in the wavelength range of 8 to 14 μm at 173 and 213 K. The combined standard uncertainty of the apparatus is 3.30% at 213 K.

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de Deus, Vinicius Santos, José Adilson de Castro, and Sandro Rosa Rosa Corrêa. "Prediction of the Emissivity Curve at High Temperatures of Low Carbon Steel." Journal of Materials Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v9n2p59.

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The thermography is an attractive technique to record the real-time temperature during the continuous welding processes. The temperature distribution during the weld zone is essential for understanding and evaluating the metallurgical properties of the joints. The knowledge of the material emissivity curve is necessary for the precise acquisition of thermography data. This emissivity value is usually assumed constant in the thermography software data acquisition, resulting in inaccurate thermographic data. The surface emissivity usually depends on the temperature. Thus, the values obtained in the literature may not be valid for materials of interest under the process’s conditions. Especially in the case of the low carbon steels, the emissivity data available are scarce and frequently obtained at low temperatures (below 200oC). Therefore, we proposed a methodological procedure to measure the effective surface emissivity, which considers the effect of temperatures and surface conditions. This research was focused on the development of an experimental methodology for determining the emissivity curve, using as the sample, a low carbon steel (0.07% C) with 0.21 mm thickness obtained from the productive stock of a continuous annealing line in the steel plant of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN). The normal sample emissivity was evaluated in the temperature range from 100ºC to 800ºC. It was proposed a model based on a sigmoid function to represent the effective emissivity during temperature rise. The sigmoid model parameters were obtained by a fitting procedure using temperature measurements obtained by thermocouples. The results showed an effective emissivity variation as a function of temperature, where emissivity values raged in the interval of 0.09 to 0.83. Thus, the useful emissivity curve was used to correct the thermography data obtained in electrical resistance seam welding (RSEW) with three levels of heats inputs. The correlation for the emissivity curve incorporated in the thermography software was applied to the thermal profiles of the welds analyzed from 441ºC to 713ºC. These values are consistent with the welding process used. The developed methodology can be applied, in a similar way, in the correction of profiles in other types of welding processes.

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Yu, Feng. "Research of environment-friendly low emissivity glass." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 22, no. 2 (June 2007): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-006-2385-y.

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Youngblood, Nathan, Clément Talagrand, Benjamin F. Porter, Carmelo Guido Galante, Steven Kneepkens, Graham Triggs, Syed Ghazi Sarwat, et al. "Reconfigurable Low-Emissivity Optical Coating Using Ultrathin Phase Change Materials." ACS Photonics 9, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01128.

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Zhang, Xuelin, Junjie Zhou, Weidong Fu, and Lei Chen. "Research on materials of solar selective absorption coating based on the first principle." Open Physics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2021-0037.

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Abstract Based on the first principle, this paper studies the optical properties of Ni, Mo, CoO, and Cr2O3 according to the Materials Studio software. It is found that the absorptivity of Ni is low, while Ni has low emissivity. Hence, it can be used to reduce emissivity. The absorption rate of CoO is very high. Therefore, Ni and CoO are very suitable to be composed to make a solar selective absorption coating with high absorptivity and low emissivity. The mass ratio of Ni and CoO has a greater impact on the optical properties of the composite material, so the absorption–emission ratios of the composite material Ni–CoO at different mass ratios are calculated. The absorption–emission ratio is the highest when the mass ratio is 1:1, and the performance is the best, which is in good agreement with the result of the experiment. And we hope that our method will provide some help for the study of solar selective absorption composite coatings.

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Zhang, Tao, Yu Ming Zhou, Yong Juan Wang, Xiao Hai Bu, Jin Juan Xue, and Zhen Jie Chen. "Biomimetic Fabrication and Infrared Properties of Hierarchically Structured ZnO Derived from Cotton Fibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.288.

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Materials with infrared low emissivity have attracted great attention due to their increasingly important application in both military stealthy and thermal control. Hence, this work describes a facile, green method based on cotton fibers to fabricate hierarchically structured ZnO fibers and nanorod by simply immersion and calcination process. And infrared emissivity value of samples was also investigated. The cotton fiber adsorbed Zn2+ could be converted into ZnO nanorod by controlling reaction temperature and solution pH. The XRD pattern revealed the highly crystalline nature of the samples. In order to enhance the surface optical properties, the surfaces of biomorphic ZnO were modified by bovine serum albumin (BSA). The low infrared emissivity values were obtained in BSA modified samples, indicating that the surface properties of materials may play an important role in infrared emissivity control.

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Wang, Wenjuan, Yining Zhu, Pintu Ghosh, and Qiang Li. "Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Decorated Textiles with Low Thermal Emissivity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2242/1/012008.

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Abstract Generally, commercial textiles show high mid-infrared emissivity and the thermal radiation accounts around 50% of the heat loss. However, conventional clothes usually increase the thickness to reduce the heat conduction without considering lowering the mid-IR emissivity. Thus textiles with reducing infrared emissivity for passive radiative heating offer an energy-free way to keep human body warm. Herein, we reduced mid-IR emissivity of the textiles by covering Ti3C2Tx MXene sheet on the cotton fabric through dip coating. MXenes as a new family of two-dimensional (2D) materials shows strong absorption in visible and near-IR regions and strong reflection in mid-IR region. Through simple and scalable method of dip coating, we fabricate four samples with different MXene content from 0.05 mg/cm2 to 0.20 mg/cm2 with 0.277∼0.431 mid-IR emissivity. This material and preparation method can be used for personal thermal management on traditional clothing.

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Kononogova, Elena, Albert Adibekyan, Christian Monte, and Jörg Hollandt. "Characterization, calibration and validation of an industrial emissometer." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-233-2019.

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Abstract. We report on the radiometric characterization and calibration of the TIR 100-2 (INGLAS Produktions GmbH, 2019) industrial emissometer. This instrument is used for handheld, on-site directional total emissivity measurements in industrial applications, e.g., the measurement of the emissivity of highly reflective thermal insulation materials. The diameter of the measurement field is determined by two different methods. The emissometer is calibrated with three different sets of low- and high-emissivity reference samples. Each calibration is validated by comparing the results of the TIR 100-2 to directional total emissivity results of the Emissivity Measurement in Air Facility (EMAF) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin. Finally, the hemispherical total emissivity of highly reflective thermal insulation materials is determined using the TIR 100-2 according to the European Standard EN 12898, and, again, the results are validated with results obtained at the EMAF.

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Guo, Tingting, Liqing Zheng, Jean Pierre Nshimiyimana, Xungang Diao, and Qiang Chen. "Design of antireflective coatings for AZO low infrared emissivity layer." Chinese Optics Letters 11, S1 (2013): S10103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s10103.

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Arbab, Mehran. "Sputter-Deposited Low-Emissivity Coatings on Glass." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 9 (September 1997): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400033972.

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Low-emissivity (low-E) and solarcontrol coatings increase the energy efficiency of clear float soda-lime-silicate glass for architectural and automotive window applications. At the same time, coated glass largely maintains its neutral color and high visible transmittance. Two major classes of coated products are currently available for the architectural market: The more durable chemicalvapor- deposition (CVD) coatings are deposited on float glass as it is formed. The vacuum deposited low-E coatings, which are the subject of this article, have superior spectral performance and are deposited off-line by the sputter-deposition process. Many elements of this subjecthave been discussed in the literature, covering energy efficiency for windows, specific examples of low-E coating, a J2 6 brief outline of the deposition techniques, and a more detailed account of optical design considerations for low-E thin-film coatings, particularly for single metal-layer systems. This article briefly discusses aspects of these coatings that relate to their design, performance, and preparation. More attention is given to the materials that constitute the different layers of these coatings and to their specific properties and function.

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Lim, Hyung-Mi, Tae-Il Kwon, Dae-Sung Kim, Sang-Yup Lee, Dong-Pil Kang, and Seung-Ho Lee. "Heat Resistant Low Emissivity Oxide Coating on Stainless Steel Metal Surface and Characterization of Emissivity." Korean Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 12 (December 27, 2009): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2009.19.12.649.

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Wang, Zhaolong, Yinbao Wei, Zhen Liu, Guihui Duan, Dongsheng Yang, and Ping Cheng. "Perfect Solar Absorber with Extremely Low Infrared Emissivity." Photonics 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080574.

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We propose a multi-materials solar absorber consisting of regularly arranged cross resonators made of Ni, and nanocylinders made of Ti on their four corners. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to study the absorption performance of solar energy, the inherent absorption mechanisms and influencing factors of the absorber submerged in water. The proposed absorber achieves a nearly perfect absorption in the wavelength range of 300–2400 nm with an average absorptance higher than 98%, indicating that most of solar energy will be harvested. In addition, the high absorptance in the solar spectrum originates from the plasmon resonances of cross resonators and the magnetic polariton from the interaction between cross nanostructures and multi-material nanocylinders. Moreover, our absorbers are insensitive to the polarization of light due to the symmetry of the structures, but sensitive to the incident angle of the light. Most significantly, our absorbers can effectively prevent heat loss via radiation heat transfer by lowering their emissivity in the infrared region. The present study demonstrates a new design strategy for perfect solar absorbers consist of simple nanostructures made from multi-materials, which promise potential applications of solar energy harvesting and solar steam generation for desalination and wastewater treatment.

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Fantucci, Stefano, and Valentina Serra. "Experimental Assessment of the Effects of Low-Emissivity Paints as Interior Radiation Control Coatings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030842.

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Radiation Control Coatings (RCC) are commonly recognised as paints, in which the long-wave radiation emissivity can be dramatically reduced from 0.9 to below 0.25 due to the dispersion of aluminium flakes inside the base paint. The low emissivity (Low-E) feature makes these materials particularly suitable for reducing the radiative heat exchange in building components and worthy of being used in roof attics, pipes, heat storage tank, etc. However, in the last few years, the application to the indoor surfaces of the building envelope has become quite popular, because the reflective properties can be exploited to increase the thermal comfort and reduce the winter heat losses. Except for aluminium based paint, that, for their strong metallized effect, suffer from some aesthetical limitation, the claimed performance of most of the other commercially available reflective paints are not universally recognized and in most of the cases their properties are misled, referring to visible and short wave infrared reflectivity. In this paper, a new methodology for assessing the long-wave thermal emissivity by using a heat flow meter apparatus is proposed. Moreover, the thermal emissivity of different paint mixtures with reduced metallised effect is assessed. The results allow for affirming that paints with acceptable aesthetic value (limited metallized effect) can reach an emissivity of ~0.60 instead of a typical emissivity of paint between 0.85–0.90. Furthermore, the partition wall of a double climatic chamber apparatus was painted with different low-E paints to evaluate whether an increase of the indoor operative temperature would have been observed. A slight, but not negligible, increase was shown of up to 0.3 °C and 0.6 °C for paint with an emissivity of ~0.6 and ~0.4, respectively.

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Hameury, Jacques, Guillaume Failleau, Mariacarla Arduini, Jochen Manara, Elena Kononogova, Albert Adibekyan, Christian Monte, Alexander Kirmes, Eric Palacio, and Holger Simon. "Assessment of uncertainties for measurements of total near-normal emissivity of low-emissivity foils with an industrial emissometer." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-135-2021.

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Abstract. The TIR100-2 emissometer (manufactured by Inglas GmbH & Co.KG) is an emissivity measurement device used by several producers of thermal insulation products for buildings and by some organizations certifying performance of insulation products. A comparison of emissivity measurements on low-emissivity foils involving different measurement techniques, including the TIR100-2 emissometer, gave widely dispersed results; the discrepancies were not explained. The metrological performance of the TIR100-2 emissometer and the uncertainties for measurement on reflective foils was not known, which could be detrimental to users. In order to quantify the performance of TIR100-2 devices for measurement of total near-normal emissivity of low-emissivity foils, the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE) analyzed in detail the measuring principle and listed the associated assumptions and uncertainty sources. A TIR100-2 emissometer actually measures the reflectance and, for opaque materials, the emissivity is calculated from the measured reflectance. The parameters analyzed experimentally are the temperature stability and uniformity of the thermal radiation source, the emissivity of the radiation source, the response function linearity and the spectral sensitivity of the radiometric detection system measuring the reflected radiation, the size of the measurement area, and the measurement repeatability and reproducibility. A detailed uncertainty budget was established. The uncertainty sources taken into account are the uncertainties of the emissivities of the two calibrated standards used for calibration, the stability and uniformity of the radiation source temperature, the non-linearity and the spectral sensitivity of the radiometric detection system, the specific measurement condition related to the radiation source temperature, the uncertainties related to the temperatures of the standards and the sample, the noises on results, and the non-homogeneity in emissivity of the tested material. The combined measurement uncertainty was calculated for different types of reflective foils; the expanded uncertainty is around 0.03 for total near-normal emissivity measurements on smooth low-emissivity foils. A measurement campaign on five types of low-emissivity foils, involving four TIR100-2 emissometers, and a comparison to a primary reference setup at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) confirmed the uncertainties assessed.

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Fan, Wei, Jeff Lennartz, Peter Schmidt-Sane, Brian Kozak, Bruno Balland, Alex Galyukov, Daria Zimina, and Daniel Feezell. "Impact of Surface Emissivity on Crystal Growth and Epitaxial Deposition." Materials Science Forum 1062 (May 31, 2022): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ppa587.

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Tantalum carbide (TaC) coating, produced in an ultrahigh temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, exhibited high thermal and chemical stabilities, low emissivity, and high purity. Low emissivity of 0.3~0.43 was measured on TaC coating at 1000°C and compared with the one of SiC coating. As revealed in both simulation and experiment, the low emissivity of TaC coatings not only improves temperature uniformity in the SiC PVT process, but also reduces power consumption in both SiC crystal growth and GaN epitaxial deposition. The results provide important guidance to process tuning when switching from a conventional graphite or SiC-coated component to its TaC-coated counterpart.

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Miao, Xinyuan, Ye Zhang, Junping Zhang, and Xinyu Zhou. "Temperature and Emissivity Smoothing Separation with Nonlinear Relation of Brightness Temperature and Emissivity for Thermal Infrared Sensors." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242959.

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Aiming at low spectral contrast materials, the Optimized Smoothing for Temperature Emissivity Separation (OSTES) method was developed to improve the Temperature and Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm based on the linear relationship between brightness temperature and emissivity features, but there was little smoothing improvement for higher spectral contrast materials. In this paper, a new nonlinear-relationship based algorithm is presented, focusing on improving the performance of the OSTES method for materials with middle or high spectral contrast. This novel approach is a two-step procedure. Firstly, by introducing atmospheric impact factor, the nonlinear relationship is mathematically proved using first-order Taylor series approximation. Moreover, it is proven that nonlinear model has stronger universality than linear model. Secondly, a new method named Temperature and Emissivity Separation with Nonlinear Constraint (TESNC) is proposed based on the nonlinear model for smoothing temperature and emissivity retrieval. The key procedure of TESNC is the lowest emissivity smoothing estimation based on nonlinear model and retrieved by minimizing the reconstruction error of the Planck radiance. TESNC was tested on a series of synthetic data with different kinds of natural materials representing several multispectral and hyperspectral infrared sensors. It is shown that, especially for materials with higher spectral contrast, the proposed method is less sensitive to changes in atmospheric conditions and sample temperatures. Furthermore, the standard Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) products in different kind of atmospheric conditions were used for verifying the improvement. TESNC is more accurate and stable with the decrease of emissivity and changes of atmospheric conditions compared with TES, Adjusted Normalized Emissivity Method (ANEM), and OSTES methods.

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Chang, Shang-Chou, Jhih-Ciang Hu, Huang-Tian Chan, and Chuan-An Hsiao. "Influence of Processing Time in Hydrogen Plasma to Prepare Gallium and Aluminum Codoped Zinc Oxide Films for Low-Emissivity Glass." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2022): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070945.

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Low-emissivity glass has high transmission in the visible region and high reflectivity in the infrared region. Gallium and aluminum codoped zinc oxide (GAZO) processed by hydrogen (H2) plasma treatment holds promise for fabricating good low-emissivity glass. The applied processing time is one of the key factors in plasma treatment. The GAZO films were prepared by in-line sputtering at room temperature, and the effect of using different plasma processing times on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were surveyed. Experimental results indicate that H2 plasma treatment of GAZO film samples indeed influenced the structure, optical and electrical properties. An appropriate processing time can improve the electrical properties and reduce the emissivity of GAZO films. The optimum processing time is 5 min for plasma treatment of GAZO films. The electrical resistivity and emissivity of plasma-annealed films for 5 min decrease by 59% and 55% compared to those of as-deposited GAZO films. Values of 5.3 × 10−4 Ω-cm in electrical resistivity, 0.13 in emissivity and 94% in average optical transmittance in the visible wavelength region could be obtained for GAZO films after H2 treatment of 5 min in this work for low-emissivity glass applications.

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Miyazaki, M., and E. Ando. "Durability improvement of Ag-based low-emissivity coatings." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 178 (November 1994): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(94)90292-5.

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Pantoja, Elisa, Rajendra Bhatt, Anping Liu, and Mool C. Gupta. "Low thermal emissivity surfaces using AgNW thin films." Nanotechnology 28, no. 50 (November 23, 2017): 505708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa96c2.

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Baloukas, Bill, Simon Loquai, and Ludvik Martinu. "VO2-based thermally active low emissivity coatings." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 183 (August 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.048.

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32

Wang, Wei, Linping Zhang, and Zhiping Mao. "Low Infrared Emissivity Materials and Their Application in Infrared Stealth: A Review." Reviews in Advanced Sciences and Engineering 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/rase.2016.1114.

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Vishnevetsky, Irina, Eyal Rotenberg, Abraham Kribus, and Dan Yakir. "Method for accurate measurement of infrared emissivity for opaque low-reflectance materials." Applied Optics 58, no. 17 (June 4, 2019): 4599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.004599.

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Zhang, Jiaming, Weigang Zhang, Qishuai Guan, Xiang Li, and Dandan Lv. "Preparation and Properties of Epoxy Resin and Polyurethane Blend Resin-Based Low-Infrared-Emissivity Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111708.

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A low-infrared-emissivity composite coating with outstanding mechanical properties and low glossiness was prepared by using an epoxy resin and polyurethane blend modified resin, flake brass powder, the silane coupling agent KH560, and a dispersant as an adhesive, a functional pigment, and interface modifiers, respectively. The effects of the mass ratios of epoxy resin and polyurethane, the addition amount of flake brass powder, the addition amount of KH560, and the addition amount of dispersant on the coating performance were systematically discussed. The results show that the coating has lower emissivity (0.424) and glossiness (28.8) when the mass ratio of epoxy resin to polyurethane is 6:4 and the addition amount of brass powder is 50 wt%. Using KH560 to modify the interface structure of the coating, KH560 can form chemical bond with the resin matrix and flake brass powder so as to obviously improve the impact strength and flexibility of the coating. The addition of the dispersant can obviously enhance the dispersion state of the flake brass powder in the coating and thus enhance the reflection intensity of infrared light for the coating, such that the emissivity of the coating is obviously reduced. When the addition amount of KH560 is 7 wt% and the addition amount of the dispersant is 9 wt%, the coating has the optimal emissivity (0.332), glossiness (9.0), adhesion strength (grade 1), impact strength (50 kg·cm), and flexibility (1 mm) at the same time. The above mentioned low-infrared-emissivity coating has an important application prospect in the field of infrared stealth for various aircraft.

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Fang, Ming Hao, Xin Min, Fan Wang, Zhao Hui Huang, Yang Ai Liu, Xiao Wen Wu, and Chao Tang. "Influence of MnO₂ on Properties of ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Infrared Radiation Materials." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.263.

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In this paper, the effect of MnO2 addition the infrared emissivity on ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 low thermal conductivity materials was investigated. The phase and microscopic morphology of the samples with the heat treatment at different temperatures were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results show that the infrared emissivity of ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 materials increased nearly 7% to 0.911 by adding 10 wt% MnO2. After heat treatment at different temperature, the main phase of ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 materials were t-ZrO2 and mullite, ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 materials with MnO2 addition were molten and the phase composition was t-ZrO2, Al2O3, and m-ZrO2.

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Liu, Yuhong, Jing Li, and Chang Liu. "Surface Pattern over a Thick Silica Film to Realize Passive Radiative Cooling." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102637.

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Passive radiative cooling, which cools an item without any electrical input, has drawn much attention in recent years. In many radiative coolers, silica is widely used due to its high emissivity in the mid-infrared region. However, the performance of a bare silica film is poor due to the occurrence of an emitting dip (about 30% emissivity) in the atmospheric transparent window (8–13 μm). In this work, we demonstrate that the emissivity of silica film can be improved by sculpturing structures on its surface. According to our simulation, over 90% emissivity can be achieved at 8–13 μm when periodical silica deep grating is applied on a plane silica film. With the high emissivity at the atmospheric transparent window and the extremely low absorption in the solar spectrum, the structure has excellent cooling performance (about 100 W/m2). The enhancement is because of the coupling between the incident light with the surface modes. Compared with most present radiative coolers, the proposed cooler is much easier to be fabricated. However, 1-D gratings are sensitive to incident polarization, which leads to a degradation in cooling performance. To solve this problem, we further propose another radiative cooler based on a silica cylinder array. The new cooler’s insensitivity to polarization angle and its average emissivity in the atmospheric transparent window is about 98%. Near-unit emissivity and their simple structures enable the two coolers to be applied in real cooling systems.

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Yuan, Le, Xiaolong Weng, and Longjiang Deng. "Calculation of infrared properties of low emissivity coatings containing metallic flake pigments." Chinese Optics Letters 11, S1 (2013): S10104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s10104.

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Hanauer, Sébastien, Caroline Celle, Chiara Crivello, Helga Szambolics, David Muñoz-Rojas, Daniel Bellet, and Jean-Pierre Simonato. "Transparent and Mechanically Resistant Silver-Nanowire-Based Low-Emissivity Coatings." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 18 (May 4, 2021): 21971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02689.

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Fu, En Bing, and Yong Ping Yao. "Research on the Application of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials to Thermal Infrared Camouflage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.855.

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In order to reduce the difference in radiant intensity between background and military targets, such as road or surface of building decorated with concrete, based on the law of Stephen-Boltzmann, the influence of emissivity or temperature on radiant energy was analyzed, phase change materials (PCMs) were employed in adjusting or controlling radiant energy from military targets from the point of temperature, then the low-detective probability of the target was achieved.

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Luo, Ting, Xing Yong Gu, and Jun Ming Wu. "Effect of the Apparent Porosity of Porcelain Architectural Vitrified Tile on the Far-Infrared Property." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.878.

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The study main researched the effect of apparent porosity of porcelain architectural ceramic materials on the far-infrared radiance property. T3J1, a formula of Mg-K-Al-Si system was used for the research and the materials were obtained when the body was sintered under five temperature spots in the sintering range. The material’s water absorption, apparent porosity and the far-infrared emissivity were measured and the results showed that the apparent porosity is increased because of the low sintering temperature. The more apparent porosity cause the surface of the material more coarse and the more radiation source and higher far-infrared emissivity. A correlation curve formula refers to the effect of the change of the apparent porosity (Δρ) of the T3J1 on the far-infrared emissivity(ε) was got under the mathematical analysis, that is: ε=εmax－0.0017－0.0004eΔρ/0.13138

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41

Mao, Xue, Ying Bai, Jianyong Yu, and Bin Ding. "Insights into the flexibility of ZrMxOy (M = Na, Mg, Al) nanofibrous membranes as promising infrared stealth materials." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 15 (2016): 6660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt00319b.

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An undersized dopant dependent brittle to flexible transition in ZrM_xO_y (M = Na, Mg, Al) nanofibrous membranes was revealed. Al doped zirconia nanofibrous membranes with an ultra-flexibility of 23 mN exhibit low infrared emissivity.

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42

Čekon, Miroslav, and Rastislav Ingeli. "Spectral Emissivity of Roof Membranes and Vapor Barriers." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.21.

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Optical parameters become to the features that are currently taken into account more frequently. There are various reasons of dealing with those parameters. Some of them are due to thermal calculation purposes while the other one are trying to consider low-emissivity functions of various innovative building materials. The paper is focused on spectral emissivity analysis of roof membranes and vapor barriers especially that are applied in sloped roofs and walls with air ventilated cavity. The spectral emissivity in the longwave radiation region was assessed by laboratory method of an infrared spectroscopy. The results present courses of spectral nature as well as its transformation into weighted values. As a result the final comparison demonstrates facts of aiming to point out the possibility of receiving any benefit for thermal aspects purpose.

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Saber, Hamed H., Wahid Maref, Michael C. Swinton, and Caroline St-Onge. "Thermal analysis of above-grade wall assembly with low emissivity materials and furred airspace." Building and Environment 46, no. 7 (July 2011): 1403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.01.009.

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44

Jang, Ji-Won, Jin-Soo Kim, Hyeok Jee, Seung-Hyun Hong, and Hye-Won Seo. "Composite titanium oxide nanocolumnar thin films for low-emissivity coating." Current Applied Physics 20, no. 6 (June 2020): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2020.03.022.

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Kim, Hyun-Ah. "Wear Comfort Characteristics of Al2O3/ATO/TiO2-Embedded Multi-Functional PET Fabrics." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 8799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248799.

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The wear comfort of Al2O3/ATO (antimony tin oxide, Sb2SnO5)/TiO2-embedded fabrics was examined in terms of the heat shielding property of ATO particles and emissivity of far-infrared (FIR) radiation according to the sheath/core ratio (wt. %) of Al2O3 and ATO particles embedded in the sheath/core yarns. The thermal radiation of the low-core-ratio (50 wt. %) Al2O3/ATO-embedded fabric was greater than that of the high-core-ratio (70 wt. %) Al2O3/ATO-embedded fabric, which was verified by the higher FIR emissivity. The heat-shielding effect of the ATO particles in the highly Al2O3/ATO-embedded yarns enabled it to shield the FIR emitted from sunlight, resulting in lower emissivity and emissive power of the highly embedded Al2O3/ATO yarn than lower embedded yarn. Accordingly, lower Al2O3/ATO-embedded yarns are required to obtain excellent thermal radiation of the fabrics. The fabric with a low core ratio (50 wt. %) exhibited superior moisture absorption, fast-drying properties, and a higher heat retention rate than fabrics with a high core ratio (70 wt. %). Furthermore, the fabric with a low core ratio exhibited superior breathability to the fabric with a high core ratio, resulting in easy moisture vapor permeability. These findings show that the fabric with a low core ratio (50%) of Al2O3/ATO particles imparts superior absorption, moisture vapor permeability, and thermal wear comfort to the high-core-ratio fabric (70%), giving it a comfortable wear-comfort feel while wearing the clothing. Hence, low-core-ratio yarn is suitable for warm-up fabric with UV-protection and anti-static characteristics.

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46

Campanale, Manuela, and Lorenzo Moro. "Investigation of effect of low emissivity shields on the thermal conductivity of low-density polystyrene." Case Studies in Construction Materials 13 (December 2020): e00447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00447.

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47

Kowsary, F., and J. R. Mahan. "Radiative Characteristic of Spherical Cavities With Specular Reflectivity Component." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 3 (July 28, 2005): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2151196.

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An exact analytical method is presented for determination of emissive as well as absorptive performance of spherical cavities having diffuse-specular reflective walls. The method presented utilizes a novel coordinate transformation technique, which provides convenient means for setting up the governing radiant exchange integral equations. These equations are then solved by the usual iterative method devized for the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The suggested coordinate transformation is also utilized for determination of directional absorptivity of a fully specular spherical cavity when collimated radiation enters through its mouth from a specified direction. Results show that for a spherical cavity the dependence of the apparent emissivity on the degree of specularity is high when the emissivity of the cavity wall is low, but this dependence decreases as the emissivity of the cavity wall increases. Also there are situations, unlike cases of cylindrical and conical cavities, for which the purely diffuse spherical cavity is a more efficient emitter than the purely specular cavity having an identical geometry and wall emissivity. Moreover, it is shown that the apparent directional absorptivity of specular spherical cavities having small openings becomes highly fluctuating as the direction of the incident radiation changes

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Yerudkar, Aditi, Mamta Nair, Vishwanath H. Dalvi, Sudhir V. Panse, Vineeta D. Deshpande, and Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi. "Development of inexpensive, simple and environment-friendly solar selective absorber using copper nanoparticle." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 7 (February 10, 2021): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0154.

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Abstract Concentrating solar power is the most challenging and expensive yet highly efficient source of thermal energy from solar power. This is mainly due to the intermittency of the sun rays and expensive materials used to harness its energy. One of the main components adding to the cost is the solar selective absorber materials which are simply put spectrally selective coatings on a receiver system to capture maximum heat from the sun. These materials add to a large extent to the efficiency of converting the sun’s energy to thermal energy and in turn electricity. An ideal solar selective absorber possesses the property of absorbing maximum radiations in the solar spectrum and emit minimum in the thermal energy spectrum. In the current study, an inexpensive, simple and environment-friendly solar selective absorber is fabricated by a galvanic displacement reaction of copper nanoparticles on galvanised metal substrates. These copper nanoparticles have high absorptivity (0.8–0.9) by virtue of plasmon resonance property. The emissivity is low due to the highly reflective metal substrate. By varying size of the copper nanoparticles from 100 nm to 2 μm emissivity and absorptivity can be varied. However, achieving low emissivity and high absorptivity requires some optimising. The size depends on the concentration of precursor solution and immersion time of substrate. One of the remedies for controlling the deposition rate to tune the nanoparticle size and microstructure of deposited copper nanoparticle is by addition of a deposition inhibitor (e.g. Polyethylene glycol).

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Li, Yongqing, Qun Wang, Xin Jin, and Yunfei Yu. "Structural and Infrared Spectral Modulation Properties of a CuNiAg Alloy/Ni—Ag-Doped Cu₄O₃ One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3181.

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To develop a new material with low emissivity in the range of the 3–5 μm band, the present work reports a CuNiAg alloy/Ni—Ag-doped Cu4O3 one-dimensional photonic crystal prepared by reactive sputtering and correlates the effect of nickel and silver on the structural and infrared spectral properties. The morphology, structure and infrared spectral properties of the CuNiAg alloy/Ni—Ag-doped Cu4O3 1DPC were studied by FESEM, XRD, and an IR-2 dual-wavelength emissivity instrument. The doping of Ni and Ag impeded phase formation, and the Cu2O and Cu4O3 phases only appeared under the same process conditions. The doped elements caused lattice contraction and decreased the thickness of the 1DPC, which was the most important factor affecting the emissivity. The results of the emissivity measurement showed that the single period film thickness of Cu80Ni15Ag5/Ni-Ag-doped Cu4O3 was close to 280 nm, and the number of periods was 2–4. Therefore, the Cu80Ni15Ag5/Ni-Ag-doped Cu4O3 1DPC had good selective infrared properties with an average emissivity of less than 0.1 in the 3–5 μm band and larger than 0.94 in the 8–14 μm band; thus, this 1DPC is expected to be used as an infrared spectral modulation material.

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Cornil, David, Hugues Wiame, Benoit Lecomte, Jérôme Cornil, and David Beljonne. "Which Oxide for Low-Emissivity Glasses? First-Principles Modeling of Silver Adhesion." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 21 (May 16, 2017): 18346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03269.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low Emissivity Materials'

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